INSECTS - INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL, THEIR AN ELEMENTARY TEXT-BOOK FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS - 1889 - PREFACE I - This book is intellded as an elementary text-book of Entomology. Up to the present time but little attention has been given to the study of the Natural History of Insects, even by those who cultivate the soil and the chief aim of this book is 3 introduce the subject in plain language and concise form, acquainting thc student with the four states or stages of insect life, the transfornlations of insects, and the division or classification of insects into Orders and Families. The plan of fully illustrating the work is adopted in ortier to make object-teaching available to some extent also, to aid the student in classifying the inore common insects into Orders and families. As a rule which has but few exceptions, insects that belong to the same mily have similar habits so that, by knowing to what Family any insect belongs, me may tell whether to regard it as an injurious or , z beneficial insect, because agreeing . in its habits with other insects belonging to the same Family. The descriptiorl given of their transforn ations applies equally to injurious, beneficial, ancl innoxious insects but the illustrations nlostly represent those whicn are either injurious or beneficial, so as to give the student a correct ide of the appearance of melnbers of these two classes of insects which more directly interest the cultivators of the , soil. Impressed with the importance of such ktlowledge to the, future husbandmen, men, l r l t i a nticipati lgt hat the study of Ecot oi lEicn toinology, will, r. onl lccessity, be taught in the near future in the Public Schools, this book has been written with special reference to its nse as a test-book and as a preparatory course for the study of nlore adva iceil works Io cnablo 0111. teachers to teach this branch of rlatural history, even without prcvious trailling for it, a Key to this book has bcen preparecl and published in n separate volu nc. Thc scientific, or technical, names of the various insects referred to i l l this work arc not always giver1 ill the text, but will be found ill the Index, attached to the C O I I I I I I I I I I of P thc illsects I11 the arl. angenlelit of the Orders I hare follo tehttlt givcll bp 1 r. A. S. Iackarrl, in his Guide to the Stntly of Insects. The F l iilieosf the Orders Lepidoptera. Orthol tcr l, slid Seuroptera arc givc31 il l full as far as the illsects are fount1 in tllr IJnitetl Pt ttcs of thc othcr Orders, only the i iost 1 rolllinent F tnlilics are i lentioned Of the illustratiot sin any are taker1 from n1y work, . l ljuri ens Tnsccts of tht O rchard, 7i leyartl, e tc.. to which others haye been added, obtainccl chicfly fro111 Irofcssor C. V. liiley . Twelvc were copietl from Iackards Gnitle to the Study of Insects several froill the Smithsoilian illstitutio l n blic-tione, and also fro111 J r. N I I O SIeIwS York Itcyorts hos. S9 ant1 103 were copiecl from the Illinois Reports. The Pacific Rural Press kiodly fr rnisilrd the illustrations of scale-insects allcl their parasites. While engaged in this work, 1 hare freely co lsultcd thcb books of Profc sors C . V. Rile. Cyrus Thomas. . H. Frenc. 11 J. 11. Coinstock ttlsi those of Doctors ly. Le Baron, A. S. , Pacxkard, J. T,. T, c co rte 11 1 1 1. , l. Hagen ancl 1 take great I P R P I I C i ll t kllo vl dgii 1 1 g 1 i l l t e c lflo r pth es informa tion glc ncvl fiolt 1 11 iwr ritings. In tht. l rcpnrntion of tliis hook I ha-e also been ably tssistc il 1 y I. l...