[Typographical errors, whether corrected or not, are listed at the endof the e-text. Boldface type is shown with +marks+. 

_Historical Note:_ The Milford facility closed in 1930 when Brinkley'sKansas medical license was revoked. He then moved to south Texas andestablished his million-watt Mexican radio station. ]

[Illustration: J. R. BRINKLEY, M. D. , MILFORD, KANSAS, U. S. A. ]

 No. 5 The One-Best-Way Series of New Thought Books

 THE GOAT-GLAND TRANSPLANTATION

 As Originated and Successfully Performed by J. R. Brinkley, M. D. , of Milford, Kansas, U. S. A. , in Over 600 Operations Upon Men and Women

 By SYDNEY B. FLOWER

 New Thought Book Department 722-732 Sherman Street Chicago, Ill. 

 Set Up and Electrotyped May, 1921

 Copyright, 1921 By Sidney B. Flower

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR'S PREFACE 5

Chapter. Page. 

 I. DR. BRINKLEY'S THEORY 11 II. THE PRACTICE, MEN 17 III. THE PRACTICE, WOMEN 23 IV. DR. BRINKLEY'S OWN STORY 30 V. A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT 42 VI. THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS 48 VII. PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT 60 VIII. A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY'S HOSPITAL 66 IX. SUMMARY 72 X. "THE SPARK OF LIFE" 78

AUTHOR'S PREFACE

Though dealing exactly with a surgical subject, this book is a layman'sword to laymen. It is an attempt to say to the general public a fewthings about this amazing work of Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of Milford, Kansas, which he is debarred from saying for himself in this simpleform. He has under consideration a book of his own covering the subjectof Goat-Gland Transplantation, his experiments, successes, failures, theories, and conclusions, which will probably be issued during thewinter of 1922, and in that book he expects to treat his subjectexhaustively with full medical and surgical detail, in a manneracceptable to the medical profession. But, in the meantime, nosatisfactory effort has been made to tell the story to the generalpublic, except in the fragmentary form of occasional newspaper notices. The author feels that the chief interest in this matter abides with thepatient rather than with the practitioner, or, if not the chiefinterest, at least an equal interest. It seems proper, therefore, thatthe subject should be briefly dealt with at this time, while it is yetin its infancy, in such a manner that the general public may grasp theessentials of what is being done in America in this new application ofendocrinology. Some attention is paid to the pioneer work of Dr. FrankLydston of Chicago in the transplanting of human glands into humanbeings, but rather by way of emphasizing the fact that Dr. Brinkley, with the choice of human, monkey, goat, or sheep glands before him, chose the goat-glands in preference to any other for his field ofexperiment and operation, and has never for a moment regretted hischoice, or seen any reason to alter it. 

Without any wish to enter upon a controversy, the author is impelled totake some notice of the statement of Dr. Serge Voronoff of Paris, who, during his recent visit to the United States, announced that he pinnedhis faith almost exclusively to the glands of the anthropoid apes asmost suitable for transplantation into human beings, while he lamentedthe natural scarcity of obtainable material. Dr. Voronoff is creditedwith having performed over 150 transplantations upon rams, but nonewhatever of goat-glands upon human beings, and not more than two orthree of simian glands upon human beings. His statement, therefore, thatsuccessful transplantation of the glands of the goat into a human beingis "impossible, and cannot succeed, " is empirical, and entirelyunsupported by any experience of his own in the matter. Against it, andcompletely confuting it, we set the clear conclusions of Dr. Brinkley, backed by his unequalled record of over 600 successful transplants ofgoat-glands into men and women, during the past three years. Since thereis no other human being who has had experience sufficient in this matterupon which he may justly found an opinion, it seems to the author thatonly one man, Dr. Brinkley himself, is qualified to speak at all, anduntil members of the medical profession here and in Europe have masteredDr. Brinkley's technique, and learned what to do, and how and why, andwhat not to do, and why not, a dogmatic negative is not the propercomment with regard to the question of whether successfultransplantation of goat-glands can be made upon human beings. If, afterlearning what Dr. Brinkley has learned by laborious experiments, continued for years, they find that their conclusions differ from his, they will at least have earned the right to speak. But it isunreasonable to suppose, in that event, that their conclusions would inany way or degree differ from Dr. Brinkley's conclusion that, in brief, the implanting of the glands of the young goat into men and women is anactual triumph of modern surgery and medical skill, which has resulted, in hundreds of cases, clearly recorded, and filed for reference, inrejuvenating both men and women; removing impotence from old men; curingarterio-sclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, in every case treated;curing five cases of Dementia Praecox out of a total of five casestreated; curing six cases of Locomotor Ataxia out of six cases treated;curing two cases of Paralysis Agitans out of two cases treated;restoring normal conditions in one hundred cases of PsychopathiaSexualis; bringing about the parenthood of barren women and impotent mennot yet past middle-age; restoring the function of menstruation orregular periodicity to women who have passed through the change of life;and, in a word, making good in the cure of so-called incurables, anddoing something that was never done before, to our knowledge, in thehistory of the earth. 

It is not the intention in this little book to follow Dr. Brinkley inexact detail through his amazing list of cases of all manner of diseasescured by this treatment. His files are open to the profession at alltimes, and the records may be consulted by the earnest investigator atthe hospital at Milford, Kansas. 

The intention in this little book is to cover particularly that phase ofhuman longing which asks that the clock be turned back, and that old agebe deferred. 

It is a fact beyond all gainsaying that Dr. Brinkley's operation has intruth cheated old age of its toll in very many cases of both sexes, andthe improvement, or rejuvenation, affects both the minds and bodies ofthose treated by this method; and this rejuvenation is lasting to theextent of the doctor's observation. It would be presuming to say that itis a permanent improvement. Upon that point no one has any right tooffer an opinion, because there are no facts upon which to found it. ButDr. Brinkley's earliest cases, operated upon three years ago, up to thepresent time have shown no diminution whatever in the good effectssecured. Neither the women nor the men have lost any particle of theirincreased vitality during this lapse of time. Who can say how long thegood effects will continue? Dr. Brinkley's opinion is that theimprovement will run for possibly fifteen years, at the end of whichtime he expects to re-operate upon any cases that show a slowing-down inthe life-processes, and believes that the introduction of two new glandsafter that time will result in a return of the vitality in full force asbefore. That is his guess of the probable duration of the improvement, but it is quite possible that his estimate errs on the side ofconservatism. There is one assuring and comforting fact, however, bearing on this point, which should be carefully noted here, namely, when a retransplantation was made by Dr. Brinkley upon a goat which hadfirst been cured of old age by transplantation of new glands, which wasallowed to retain this new adolescence for a year, and was then deprivedof the glands, causing a speedy return to the miserable condition of oldage and its ills, and which was then re-operated upon and given two newglands, the instant improvement was every whit as noticeable and asperfect in this second implantation as in the first. Now it is areasonable inference from this clear-cut result that Dr. Brinkley isright in his opinion that a second transplantation of the goat-glandsinto a human being after a lapse of years, when the first implant may beexpected to have worn itself thin, will result in the same improvementin the physical and mental condition of either man or woman as tookplace upon the first implant. This is, in fact, the basis of his theorythat the normal age of man and woman today can be surely extended fromthe three score and ten limit to possibly twice that number of years. You are invited to consider what this discovery of Dr. Brinkley'soperation, for it is no less than a discovery, would have meant to theworld in the prolongation of the lives of those benefactors in allfields of human endeavor, Literature, Science, Art, etc. , if it had beenknown and understood when Shakespeare wrote, when Darwin worked, whenRubens painted, and when Patti sang. It will please your fancy topicture what might have been, but we have before us the consideration ofwhat is, and it is more than comforting to know that we shall deal herewith the hard cold facts of what is being done today, and will be donetomorrow. This is no poet's dream, but the stern reality of a youngsurgeon's work in hospital, extending over three memorable years ofachievement in a virgin field. Dr. Brinkley has worked out his problemalone, save for the devoted aid of his wife, who is also a licensedphysician. He is today a poor man, and expects to remain so, because hehas refused every alluring offer made him looking to the establishmentof this Goat-Gland operation as a commercial proposition on a big scale. He is governed by his ethical vows, and retains his independence, butthe world would call him a fool for not turning his discovery to hisgreatest pecuniary profit. Since he prefers to remain true to his idealsin this matter it is for us at least to be thankful, and accord him therecognition to which the scientist is entitled who puts his work abovehis profits. 

Chicago, April, 1921. 

CHAPTER I

DR. BRINKLEY'S THEORY

We are not privileged to be discursive in a little book which seeks tohit the nail on the head in every paragraph, drive it home in everypage, and clinch it in every chapter, and there would be no excuse, therefore, for sketching, even in brief outline, the history of thevarious attempts that have been made, from Brown-Sequard, with hisElixir, to Metchnikoff, with his benevolent bacteria of the intestinaltract, to extract from Life its secret of human longevity. It has been along quest, and, in the main, fruitless, though it might be said infairness that Brown-Sequard's method of using the expressed testicularjuice as a medicine, by mouth or injection, for the renewal of youth, was probably the true parent of the present familiar method of using theextracts of various glands, or the pulverized substance of the glandsthemselves, notably the thyroid and the adrenal, as medicines to betaken internally for the relief of various diseased conditions. Theconstant objection to such form of medication is, of course, that whenthe medicine is stopped the good results stop, so that a temporaryrelief is the utmost that can be hoped for from the method. Genius issynthetic, elliptic, sudden, but always clear and sure. Dr. Brinkleybegan with a theory, and by no means a new theory. From the theory hededuced rapidly, and acted. The results of the acts proved the truth ofthe theory. That theory has been variously stated, its most familiarform being, "In all living forms the basis of all energy is sex-energy. "

Looking about for facts to confirm or disprove this assertion allinvestigators have been faced with similar phenomena, such as:

When the male fowl is sterilized in order that he may grow big and fatfor the market later he loses his cock's plumage and gains in weight. Inthe psychic domain the changes are still more marked. The capon is acoward, shunning the contest for supremacy. He does not forage for thehens, inviting them to feed upon what he has found, but looks afterhimself first and last. He is lazy, sluggish, and selfish. 

The stallion is a proud and beautiful animal, and Job's description ofthe war-horse "He paweth in the valley and rejoiceth in his strength, Hegoeth on to meet the armed men!" with its context, is still the bestword-painting we have of the majesty of the horse in full possession ofhis sexual powers. The gelding is tractable and useful, and the absenceof the fiery impatience of the stallion fits the gelding for man's use. 

When men are castrated, as in the East, in youth, where they are prizedas custodians of the harem, they are fat, usually large of frame, butshort-lived. The growth of hair on the head is often scant; on the faceand body it is altogether missing. The voice is high, partaking of atreble quality. When through surgical operation or accident it happensthat a man is deprived of the testicular glands in youth, early manhood, or even middle-age, the same changes follow as in the case of theeunuch, the hair on face and body disappears, the voice changes fromdeep to high tone, and mentally the man develops inertia and cowardice. Physically, he puts on fat almost immediately. 

When women have, for any reason, had their ovaries removed by surgicaloperation, marked changes follow, which vary much in detail, but carrycertain general similarities. The face and body age rapidly inappearance, and there is a slowing up of functions of the organs, with atendency to masculinity in tastes, behavior, feelings. 

Noting these and many other phenomena, as many had done before him, Dr. Brinkley concluded that the testes of the male and the ovaries of thefemale performed corresponding offices for each sex, generating thevital fluids which, when not fulfilling their primary object ofreproducing the species, were turned back into the blood and absorbed bythe tissues for the benefit of the individual's physical and mentalprocesses. Normal activity of the secretions of the sex-glands, therefore, meant, in Dr. Brinkley's opinion, right nourishment for allthe cells of the body, and right functioning of all the organs of thebody. The strength and speed of the stallion in health were as much dueto the right action of the sex-glands as his full-arched neck, hisblazing eye, or his thick mane and tail. And since the capon and theeunuch acquired a cowardice that avoided fatigue, effort, or conflict, it was clear that the mental qualities were as directly influenced bythe testicular secretion as the physical. It followed that thewell-nourished brain, capable of sustained concentration and clearthinking, must necessarily be the brain that was fed by the normalactivity of the sex-glands, and it also followed that since youth in manand woman is the time of matured beauty of face and form in man andwoman, when sexual secretions are of normal activity, therefore, thesexual secretions were mainly responsible for the development of maturedbeauty of face and form. From this it was clear and evident that thehaggard face, the lined face, the over-thin or the over-fat body, phemonena familiar to all of us in men and women who have passed theiryouth, were due in the main to lack of nourishment of the body-cells bythe seminal fluid, with lack of proper functioning of the organs, andresultant lack of proper elimination of waste matter from the system, producing that condition of slowing-down of the machine which is a partof the aging process of the body and mind of man and woman, as seen inall men and all women today. 

It is important always that you realize that though we may seem tostress the physical improvement in human beings brought about by thisgland-transplantation, the more important change of the two is themental, and Dr. Brinkley's theory that ALL ENERGY IS SEX-ENERGY meansexactly that the powerful brain equally with the beautiful face owes itsstrength and vigor exactly to the right functioning of the sex-glands. 

We must not be accused here of running to extravagance. It is not statedthat all human brains are of equal power or can be developed to equalpower. It is stated that all human brains of unusual power are brainsthat are well-nourished by the testicular secretions, and it is implied, with full understanding of what this statement leads to, that if, forany reason, there is an interference with this sex-gland activity, theunusual brain will cease in a short time to be unusual in its power, grasp, and faculty of clear, continuous thought. Similarly it is statedthat if this unusual brain, after losing its power of sustainedthinking, is again fed by the renewed activities of the sex-glands, itwill re-establish its power, and the mind will display its formerbrilliance. 

You see how amazing and far-reaching is the application of thisapparently simple theory that sex-energy is the basis of all humanenergy. 

It is, after all, only another way of saying that all things proceedfrom a common source, that Life is One, that Mind and Body derive fromthe same source, that energy is so much an integral of matter, that inthe final analysis matter is only static energy; since the atom is madeof molecules, and molecules of electrons, and electrons of electricity, or energy. 

In saying, therefore, that sex-energy is at the basis of all humanenergy we may quite possibly be trending towards a solution of theworld-old question of what Life itself is. Some day, without a doubt, weshall surprise this secret at its source. At present we are fortunate tohave discovered, through Dr. Brinkley's careful proving of his theory, that human energy, no matter whether its manifestation be physical ormental, has a common base of supply, the sex-glands, and that theiractivity determines a brilliant mentality, or a dull brain; a state ofhealth, or a state of disease; beauty of form and feature and skin, orwrinkles, sallowness and ugliness. These appearances and qualities arephenomena which have the same source, or base. Many have felt this to betrue. Dr. Brinkley alone has had the wit and skill to find the means tosolve the problem as it should be solved to be of any value to humanity, namely, to discover how the inactivity can be changed to activity, howthe blood of man and woman can be charged anew with the life-givinghormones, perhaps, or whatever may be the name of that substancesecreted by the sex-glands and used by the blood to nourish all thecells of the body, which MUST be present in the system if body and mindare to continue to function at their best. 

[Illustration: DR. AND MRS. BRINKLEY]

CHAPTER II

THE PRACTICE. MEN

Dr. Brinkley began his experiments in gland-transplanting upon animalsin the year 1911, three years before the European War, using goats, sheep, and guinea-pigs as his subjects. He ran beyond the limits of hisresources in this experimental work on animals, which was interrupted byhis enlistment in the army, and assignment to service as FirstLieutenant in the Medical Corps. Passed fit for Foreign Duty he wasnevertheless unable to get across to France, and remained, like manyanother good surgeon, on duty in various southern camps. 

Returning to civilian life he took up his quest again, varying a generalmedical and surgical practice by continued observation and experiment ingland-transplantations upon animals, leaning ever more strongly towardsthe exclusive use of goats. About this time he heard of the work ofProfessor Steinach of Vienna in grafting the glands of rats, andproducing changes in the character and appearance of the animals byinverting the process of nature and transplanting male glands intofemales, and vice versa, sometimes with success. He had followed withthe greatest interest also the experiments of Dr. Frank Lydston ofChicago, who performed his first human-gland transplantation uponhimself, an example of courage that falls not far short of heroism. ButDr. Brinkley was never favorably impressed with the idea of using theglands of a human being for the renovation of the life-force of anotherhuman being. He was looking to the young of the animal kingdom tofurnish him with the material he proposed to use to improve thefunctioning of human organs, and more certainly as time passed he drewto the conclusion that in the goat, and in the goat alone, was to befound that gland-tissue which, because of its rapid maturity, potency, and freedom from those diseases to which humanity is liable, was mostsure under right conditions of implantation to feed, nourish, grow intoand become a part of, human gland-tissue. 

Later we will dwell a little upon some of his results. It is worthy ofnote in passing that his first experiment upon a human being was anunqualified success. He transplanted the goat-glands into a farmer whowas forty-six years of age, happily married, but childless, and one yearafter the transplantation a child was born, who was christened "Billy"in honor of the circumstances responsible for his birth. By patientselection Dr. Brinkley has found that the Toggenburg breed of Swiss goatgives him the best possible stock to use in his gland-work. This choicewas forced upon him by results obtained by the use of other breeds. Hefound that the Toggenburg goat gave him best results because the animal, besides its sound health, carries none of that persistent odor which ispeculiar to male goats the world over, and which, if shed abroad by ahuman being would make his neighborhood unpleasant. He found that thebest age of the male goats whose glands were to be transplanted was fromthree weeks to a month. He found that the best age at which to use theovaries of the female goat was one year, because, unlike its youthfulbrother, the female goat's sex-activities are not developed before thatage. 

His method of transplanting the glands into a man is by making twoincisions in the man's scrotum under simple local anesthesia, a practically painless operation, but from this point on the techniquevaries according to the conditions presented by the case. No two casesare exactly alike, and Dr. Brinkley performs no two operations exactlyalike. That is the reason, he explains, why, with the best will in theworld to teach his fellow-practitioners what to do and how to do it, heis nevertheless unable to state in writing exactly what treatment to useto cover all cases. It cannot be taught by correspondence, and, simplethough it sounds to hear it, it cannot be learned by attendance at a fewclinics. It is delicate in this sense, that if it is not rightlyperformed in the individual case the glands will slough. That means lossof time, loss of temper, and the waste of a perfectly good pair of younggoat-glands. Another very important thing which his experiments havetaught Dr. Brinkley is this: the glands on being removed from the goatmust immediately be placed in a salt solution warmed to blood-heat, andthey must be used on the human being WITHIN TWENTY MINUTES from the timethey are taken from the goat. No such thing is possible as keeping theseglands in the refrigerator for twenty-four hours, or anything of thatkind, before using. The more quickly after removal from the animal theyare used the more likely they are to take hold and grow. In his mencases he uses sometimes one gland, sometimes two; sometimes the wholegland, just as it came from the young goat, sometimes a part of thegland only, but he leans to the opinion that the gland of thethree-weeks-old goat gives best results if used entire, withouttrimming. Sometimes he lays the gland +upon+ the outside of the humantestis, connecting part with part; sometimes he opens the testis byincision and lays the goat-gland within the cleft. Very often there areadhesions which must be broken down before the goat-gland can functionrightly. Very often there are unsuspected hydroceles, forming cysts inthe testicular mass, which must be cut out, or there may be varicocelerequiring attention. The patient suffers very slight inconvenience; thelocal anesthetic is enough to dull the pain even of the breaking down ofthe adhesions, so that it is at its worst no more than the pain of atoothache, and lasts a very brief while. Many of the patients conversewith the doctor while the operation is proceeding. The pain isnegligible. The doctor proceeds according to the condition, age, etc. , of his patient. He may ligate, that is to say, tie off, the tubes thatconnect with one testis, or the other, or both; he may not ligate atall. It will depend upon the result sought, the condition present, andthe age of the patient. Suppose the patient is an old man in whom it isdesired to produce rejuvenation; the doctor then will ligate both sides, in order that the new glands when they take hold, and begin to feed thetestes of the man, stimulating these to a new activity, may not beovertaxed to the point of excess usage by the patient when he returnshome and finds himself in possession of a sexual vigor that has beenunknown to him for many years. This increase in sexual vigor+invariably+ follows, regardless of the age of the patient. The glowingletters on file in the doctor's office attest this. Here, for instance, is a letter from a man eighty-one years of age, who says, "I feel like aboy of eighteen. This is something I have not known for more than fortyyears. The goat-glands have certainly done the work for me, but I wish, doctor, you would fix it so that I could complete the sexual act, " etc. , etc. 

But this completion of the sexual act is exactly the thing that is to beavoided in the case of these old men. Remember the theory in the lastchapter, "All animal energy is sex-energy. " The conversion of thissex-energy into other forms of energy, physical and mental, is the aim, and this aim would be frustrated if these old men were given full powerto do as they pleased with their new-found youthful vigor. You cannotalways trust them. That is the purpose of the ligating of both sides, making the emission of the semen impossible. The life-force, then, having no other outlet, can do nothing else but reinvigorate the entiresystem by pouring its precious fluids into the blood. 

Suppose, now, the case is that of a man of fifty who is physically rundown, married, and anxious to be the father of a child. In such a case, if the man is physically sound, Dr. Brinkley will do one of two things. After the transplantation of the new glands he will either ligate oneside permanently, and allow one testis to carry on the work ofrejuvenation while the other can be used for procreation, or he willligate both sides and say to the man, "I am tying off both testesbecause you will need to rebuild for at least one year before you shouldthink of becoming a father. But I am ligating with linen thread, whichdoes not dissolve, and if you come back to me in one year from now Iwill remove the ligatures, one or both, and you will then be able toprocreate. " This is reasonable and wise talk, and the man makes noobjection. When the year of probation, as you might call it, hasexpired, the man returns to the hospital, the ligature is removed, andhe goes home in a couple of days. These things are not fairy-tales, butsolid facts, amazing as they sound to you. There are five goat-glandbabies today among Dr. Brinkley's patients that he knows of, four boysand one girl. There are probably many more of whom he has heard nothing, for patients have a way of moving out of touch after awhile. 

CHAPTER III

THE PRACTICE. WOMEN

At Dr. Brinkley's hospital, a beautifully appointed private residence, it is a comfort to women patients to have the doctor's wife, herself acompetent surgeon if necessary, at hand during the actual operation. Mrs. Brinkley administers the local anesthetic, or the generalanesthetic, if that is called for, as it sometimes is. Whilethe bulk of the operations performed on both men and women aregland-transplantations, a diseased condition of tubes and ovaries hassometimes made a laporotomy necessary, and many major operations havebeen successfully performed in the white-enameled operating room. At such times a woman clings to the presence of a woman, and Mrs. Brinkley's kind and pleasant manner is usually sufficient to banish allnervousness from the woman patient. 

In ordinary cases of gland-transplantation into women, where the patientis in good physical condition, with no disease of the organs, theoperation is as simple as in the case of the man. The speculum disclosesthe condition of the vagina, and the insertion of the new ovary is intothe mucous membrane of the vagina, leaving the goat-ovary about fourinches distant from the woman's. The only incision made is a small one, about one inch long, painless under local anesthetic, the purpose of theincision being to get a blood supply for the goat-ovary. Sometimes oneovary is implanted, sometimes two; invariably the new ovary is trimmedto a reduction in size. Invariably it is implanted within twenty minutesof its removal from the nanny-goat. Unfortunately for the goat, theremoval of her ovaries usually costs her her life. She mopes for a fewdays, refuses to eat, and dies. She is always given a generalanesthetic, and the removal is painless at least, if fatal. Pursuing theconclusions drawn from his long experience, Dr. Brinkley has found thatwomen derive more instant benefit from the glands than men with respectto their awakened enthusiasm, improved appearance, and recovery of thefeeling of poise and well-being. Very noticeable is the change of figurewhich follows the implanting of the new ovaries in the case of a fatwoman. The change is equally marked in the case of a fat man. A man ofabnormal weight, 250 lbs. , lost fifty pounds in two weeks following theoperation, during which time he remained at the hospital, feeling welland strong, but shrinking in girth amazingly. When he left the hospitalhis clothes hung about him in bags and folds. The fat woman's spiritsseem to rise as her weight decreases, and she feels as if she had indeedregained the buoyancy of her youth. 

Dr. Brinkley by no means asserts that the woman whose ovaries have beenremoved by surgical operation will grow two new ovaries after thetransplantation has been made, but he cites the case of a woman whoseovaries had been removed by surgical operation some years previous, theuterus remaining intact, in whom he implanted two goat-ovaries, andwhose periods shortly afterwards returned on a four-day basis, withtwenty-eight-day interval. He does not say that the goat-ovariestransplanted into the woman have grown new ovaries, but there remainsthe phenomenon of the renewed menstruation, and this is very difficultto account for. In barren women, from twenty-eight to thirty-five yearsof age, in whom he has found not a diseased, but an atrophied, conditionof the ovaries, the transplantation has invariably been attended withsuccess to the removal of the barrenness, the new glands evidentlybringing about the development of ova. Nor does Dr. Brinkley say that inthe case of a man who has had both glands removed by surgical operation, the transplantation will produce new glands for the man, and yet he hashad two successes to offset several failures in this very result, without any clue to why the success followed in the one case and not inthe other. The work is yet in its infancy stage, and Dr. Brinkley is thefirst to admit that there is far more about it to be known than he hasyet succeeded in knowing. He is averse to experimenting upon womenpatients at this stage of his knowledge, and has many times refused totransplant the glands for women who have requested him to perform theoperation for them. One such case was at the hospital during thewriter's visit there in April. She was a paralysis case, quite fat, unable to walk except by putting forward one foot at a time, supportedby the arm of someone on each side of her. She was driven to thehospital in an automobile, accompanied by her husband and daughter, fromthe farm--two hundred miles away! Dr. Brinkley strongly urged her not tohave the gland operation performed at all, but she insisted upon givingit a trial. It is too soon yet to speak of results in this case, but inDr. Brinkley's view it is asking too much of the glands to expect themto produce favorable results in a case of this severity. Yet, at thistime, there was in the hospital a young woman suffering from DementiaPraecox, whose mother had been watching over her for twelve years, andon whom the affliction of her daughter had so weighed that she told thewriter she wished God would take one or the other of them, because itwas more than she could bear. This young woman had been confined in theState Hospital for the Insane, and had been treated by specialists formany years, without any benefit at all. There was some homicidal mania, much depression, and attempts at suicide. She could not be left alone inher room for a moment. But the day after the transplantation of theglands this young woman embraced her mother, and talked so rationally toher that she called in Dr. Brinkley, and with tears repeated what herdaughter had just said. Dr. Brinkley advised her that the results werealtogether too sudden to build upon. "There will certainly be ups anddowns yet, " he said. "You must expect good days and bad days, when youwill doubt if your daughter is any better. But, to make a normalrecovery, she +ought+ to show an alternation of good and bad days, withthe good days gradually drawing ahead and becoming more frequent andmore marked. I look for her to recover entirely in a year's time, butshe will always retain her sensitiveness and a certain amount ofhysteria, so that things that would not bother you or me will hurt hergrievously. You must be prepared to expect this to happen. But I see noreason at all why she should not in the near future become a happy wifeand mother. " The blessings of this good mother were a reward inthemselves, and were so received by the doctor and his wife. When suchresults as this are obtained it becomes very difficult to draw a lineand say, "The goat-glands will do no good here. " Physicians of the beststanding had said to this poor mother before she took her daughter toKansas, "So you're determined to try the goat-glands? You are wastingyour time and money. Brinkley is nothing but a fake. If there were anyhelp for your daughter we could cure her. We can do nothing. There is nohelp for her!" This was repeated to the writer by the mother, and hevouches for its truth. Is it not evident that a better understanding ofthe goat-gland operation is highly desirable among physicians andsurgeons today?

Quite a frequent style of inquiry from women to the doctor runs likethis: "I am in good health, and in every way normal; age 35. I want toremain as I am, and grow no older in appearance than I am today. Do youthink that the goat-gland operation would keep me from getting anyolder?" To this kind of inquiry Dr. Brinkley makes a stereotyped reply, something as follows: "If you are today in good health I should notadvise the goat-gland operation, but would advise it in your case assoon as you have passed the change of life, in ten or fifteen years fromnow. " To the writer he said, "I cannot conscientiously advise this womanto submit to this operation, because I don't know that the glands wouldadvantage her in any way. They might, or they might not. I don't know. It is therefore experimental work, and I cannot take her money for anexperiment. I must have something definite in the way of experience togo upon. There must be some evident condition of ill-health to be setright. But, on the other hand, though I will not advise these people totake the gland operation, there may be something in her idea that theglands will arrest age and hold it back. I have never been in a positionwhere I could afford to experiment on young and healthy human beings, and this point can only be settled by such experiment upon healthy andyoung human beings. I should say at a guess that the operation would doher no good, but you understand that this is a guess only. I do not knowanything about it. All such things as this we shall learn by degrees byfurther experiment. At present I am kept busy attending to cases of realsickness, or defined conditions of arrest of function, where I haveexperience to guide me in saying that the gland-operation will be ofbenefit, but, if I could afford to perform a few of these experimentaloperations for nothing, at no cost to the patient, I should be glad ofthe chance. There is so much yet to be learned in this work. "

CHAPTER IV

DR. BRINKLEY'S OWN STORY

The +New York American+, issue of March 14, 1920, carried the followingarticles:

 +GOAT GLANDS SUCCESSFUL+

 +Head of Hospital Tells of the Curing of Sterility by the New Discovery and of Control of Sex Through Simple Operation--Disease and Insanity Also Banished. +

 +By Dr. W. H. Ballou+

Dr. J. R. Brinkley, head of the Brinkley-Jones Hospital and TrainingSchool for Nurses at Milford, Kansas, has now furnished to thescientific world what are termed "ample proof cases" that byimplantation of the fresh interstitial glands of the goat sterile peoplemay bear children of either sex desired. Already the town is filling upwith childless people waiting to be operated upon. Incidentally, casesof insanity are cured within thirty-six hours after a simple operation. Other diseases also disappear. Milford is a small town 150 miles west ofKansas City. Here Dr. Brinkley has performed more than 100 majoroperations, and more than 300 minor operations, each one a success;cured more than 1, 000 cases of Influenza, without losing a case; andcured one "hopeless" case of sleeping-sickness. 

The practice of Dr. Brinkley accords with the investigations of glandsby Professor Arthur Keith, president of the Anthropological Section ofthe British Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor Keithstates: "The interstitial gland has as much to do with the growth, incertain particulars, as the pituitary gland has in general bodilygrowth. All of the changes we see in children after they begin to grow, which bring to prominence racial characteristics, depend upon the actionof the interstitial gland. If the gland is removed, or remains inabeyance, the maturing of the body is prolonged or altered. Sexdifferences, the more robust manifestations of males, are more emphaticin the white than in either the black or yellow race. This is shown inthe beardless face and almost hairless body of Mongols and Negroes, andespecially in Nilotic tribes of Negroes with long, stork-like legs, which is a manifestation of abeyance of the interstitial gland. As shegrows aged, and her sexual condition closes, woman assumes the coarserand more masculine appearance, due to the loss of functioning of thisgland. It is the prime factor in differentiating the races of mankind. "

Kingsley affirms, in "Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates" that"interstitial cells carries secretions in man which pass into the blood. They apparently cause secondary male characters such as, among otherthings, hair on the face and change of voice at the close of boyhood. They govern most female characteristics. "

We are on the eve of a tremendous revolution, which must cause a drasticrevision of all works on zoology, anatomy, genetics, physiology, andevolution in general. The enormous investigations of glands and theirsecretions have sprung up and focused since the middle of the World Warperiod. These investigations are rapidly resulting in a new surgery anda new practice of medicine. 

 +Discoverer of New Method of Rejuvenation Tells History+

 By Dr. J. R. Brinkley

My first operation was upon a husband in a childless family, forty-sixyears old, and married for sixteen years. His wife was forty-two yearsold. I transplanted in him the interstitial gland of a male goat. Hishealth improved almost at once, and he thereafter looked and acted likea man many years younger. Within a year he was the father of a fine babyboy. The father continues to retain his improved vitality. The boy wasnamed "Billy" in honor of the goat. 

Next a young woman came to me for the operation. I found her glandsdiseased, removed them, and replaced them with the interstitial glandsof a male goat. Her recovery was speedy. A year later she gave birth toa strong boy baby, now four months old. These were but the beginnings. Other women desired female offspring and have received the glands of thefemale goat. There are now some twenty-five cases in the hospital atMilford receiving goat-glands. 

[Illustration: THE DEMENTIA PRAECOX CASE, AND MISS LEWIS HEAD NURSE]

+Insanity Is Cured. + In the hospital is a man who came from New YorkCity recently and received two male goat-glands upon his arrival. Duringhis past he had been in three New York Insane Asylums, and had gone tothe Mayo and other institutions. Nothing had been accomplished for hiscase, and he had been told finally that he was incurable and must remaina mental defective. He had decided to commit suicide if I failed toremedy his condition. In thirty-six hours after the insertion ofgoat-glands his temperature had risen to above 103 degrees, but becamenormal twenty-four hours later, and has since remained so. His mind hasgradually cleared, he looks and feels younger, and is contemplatingmarriage. The hideous dreams and nightmares which had destroyed hissleep and rest for many past years have left him, and he now eats andsleeps well. Apparently the cure is complete. 

A case of Dementia Praecox, violent in character, was brought to me as aresult of the cure in the above case. Restraint was necessary, even tothe strapping of his hands, feet and body to the bed. He was in allrespects a typical insane asylum case, destined to remain underrestraint. The second day after two male goat glands had been insertedhe spoke to me, saying, "Doctor, won't you please remove the straps so Ican rest comfortably? I am perfectly aware of everything now and feel asif snatched from the grave. " We removed his shackles and on thefollowing day he called for books to read. He made a beautifulconvalescence and a perfect recovery. He is now with his wife andchildren at home, transacting his business as a normal and sane man. Since 90 per cent of insanity cases and 75 per cent of divorce cases aredue to diseased glands, I may be pardoned for holding out hope to avast, hopeless class, numbered at over 3, 000, 000 Americans. 

+Sterility Is Banished. + As a rule the women who come to me fortreatment prefer to bear male children. In such cases it is essentialthat they should receive the interstitial glands of the male goat. Wehave in hospital at the moment, however, a childless married woman oftwenty-eight, who wishes devoutly for a female child. We found hersterile of a natural gland and inserted the gland of a female goat. Hertransformation has been remarkable, and I am confident her first childwill be a girl. 

You naturally ask about the future, which can only be premised. Womenwho have received male goat-glands will continue to bear male children, if any; those that receive the female goat glands will continue to beargirl babies. The future carries a promise of much information to begleaned along this line. I cannot say what would happen if the husbandwere to receive male goat glands and the wife female goat glands. Theirprogeny might or might not be mixed. We will try it on any sterilecouple that desires, knowing positively that normal children of one orboth sexes will result. 

Where substitution of glands of any character is essential, they shouldbe taken from the goat operated upon immediately before the humanimplanting, and be inserted at once. Glands should not be taken from theape or other animal for human use. The goat is immune to tuberculosis, He is a clean animal, full of health and vitality. Apes are very subjectto tuberculosis. One can never tell whether an ape is diseaseless ornot. It is generally unlawful to substitute our human glands, and, eventhough they could be readily obtained, they are apt to be infected withsome disease. 

The essential element of foods is the vitamin, a nitrogenous substanceof indeterminate nature. Without it we would starve, though eatingplenty of proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats, salts and water. Nothing willsustain life if the vitamins are absent from the diet. Goat's milkcontains these important substances in greater abundance than any otheranimal food. 

+The Goat Reacts Like Human. + The goat alone among mammals reacts topoisons almost identically as human beings react, and the poison gasesof the war had precisely the same effect upon him as upon the soldiers. So 1, 500 goats did their bit in the war in an experimental way. Thesepoints in his favor, and other similarities to man, are the reasonswhich led me to select the goat as the best possible material in thiswork. Goat-glands alone seemed to be harmonious and sympathetic whentransplanted into the human body. In other words, the hormones of goatand man agree. 

We still know less about the causes of hormones than the effects. Onaccount of the mutual tolerance of goat and human hormones the goatgland speedily attaches a blood supply in the human body, and cell bycell is replaced so that it soon functions as the original gland wouldhad it been present and normal. The new gland is also exceptional inthat it does not have to be placed near or at the location of the properhuman gland. It can be inserted in any place where it is not liable toinjury, even in the hip in men. [*]

It should be noted that I do not claim to make old men young again, orthat I have discovered the secret fountain of youth. I am engaged in thepractical work of giving health, normality and progeny to men and womenwho have been cheated out of their natural heritage. I have named theprocess "re-creative gland operation" in accordance with the belief nowgeneral among genetists and anatomists that if the clock of time is everto be turned back for humanity it can only be through glandulartransplantations. Glands have proved much superior to any animal extractor serum in this class of cases. Often in serums the poison elements areretained, but not the nutritive. We use the whole goat gland, as a rule, because we do not know in what part of it the hormones hide. Theattempted transplantations of kidneys have thus far failed because thekidney product is waste matter, not live cells as in the case of theinterstitial glands. 

 [Footnote: Author's Note. --The date of this interview is more than one year old, March, 1920. Today Dr. Brinkley implants the male glands by incision in the acrotum of the man, and in no other place whatever, having found this method of operation the most sure in results. Today he uses only the male goat-glands for the man, and only the female goat's ovaries for the woman. ]

 (From The Chicago Tribune, of date February 1, 1920. )

 +GOAT GLANDS GIVE BABIES TO CHILDLESS. +

 +Woman and Three Men Become Parents After Transplantation. +

Milford, Kansas. --A surgeon in this little Kansas town has lifted fromwomanhood the curse of sterility. 

He is Dr. J. R. Brinkley, chief surgeon of the Brinkley-Jones Hospitalof Milford. 

For several years Dr. Brinkley has made a study of the transplantationof the interstitial glands and its results. Two years ago he performedhis first operation upon a human being. Since then he has circumventednature four times, making it possible for three men and one woman tobecome parents. He is awaiting results hopefully in four other cases. 

The most remarkable case is that of the woman. She is a young marriedwoman of Milford, who had been married several years and had despairedof bearing children. About a year and a half ago she heard of Dr. Brinkley and his success with interstitial gland operations. She went tohim and asked him if he could cure her sterility. Dr. Brinkley made nopromises--he never does. But he told her the operation was a simple one, and that it would improve her health, even if it failed to give her achild. She gladly submitted to the operation. 

Dr. Brinkley removed an interstitial gland from a live male goat. Hemade a slight incision in the woman's abdomen, inserted the gland andstitched it in. In a week the patient was about her household dutiesagain. Six months ago she gave birth to a healthy baby. It was a boy. The mother was the happiest woman in Kansas. 

The surgeon had treated six other cases similarly, but all were men--menwho loved children and yearned for parenthood. Three of the men are nowfathers of healthy children. 

In each case Dr. Brinkley had used male goat glands--and all the babieswere boys. 

Then this occurred to him:--

"If I transplant female goat glands maybe the babies will be girls!" Hedecided to try it, and two months ago his opportunity arrived. A womancame to him just as his first woman patient had come. She was 28 yearsold, had been married six years, and was childless. Dr. Brinkleyperformed the operation, using the glands of a female goat. He is nowawaiting results. "I do not say this woman will have a girl baby, " saidDr. Brinkley today, "but I am experimenting. It may be merely acoincidence that all the babies so far have been boys. So far as I know, I am the first surgeon to experiment with gland implantation in women. I am also the first to use goat glands in preference to others. 

"Unquestionably I have cured sterility in one woman, and I have utmostfaith that it can be cured in any other, so long as all of her organsare not missing. The operation is a little more difficult than it is inthe case of men, but no more serious. Where a man recovers, and can getabout, in two or three days, a woman recovers in a week. 

"All of my patients are much improved in their general health as aresult of the operation. I wouldn't say that this operation holds thesecret of eternal youth. I don't know. All my patients have been betweenthe ages of 32 and 48, so that I cannot speak from experience. I believe, however, that the operation will prolong life; I know that itimproves the health in every way. But I cannot say that it will restorethe bloom of youth to an old man's cheek. I am considering, however, anoperation upon a man 80 years old who came to me and asked for theoperation. Whether he would be able to have children as a result of it Ido not know. "

None of Dr. Brinkley's patients had been parents until they came to him. Now the oldest of the babies is 13 months; another is 8 months and athird is 6. Dr. Brinkley does not claim to be a specialist in glandimplantation; he is merely a practicing surgeon who has made a study ofthe subject and is doing what he can to help unfortunate people. Thedoctor's modesty until now has hidden his remarkable discovery from theworld, but he is now writing a report on his results. 

 (From the San Diego, Cal. , +Union+, of date, February 7, 1920. )

Scientists who formerly ignored Dr. Brinkley's letters are now writingto him asking him for exhaustive reports of his work. The sarcasticattitude came largely heretofore from those who were unwilling tobelieve that such operations of the highest scientific importance, werebeing performed in an out of the way village that couldn't be found on arailway map. 

Dr. Brinkley, who was graduated from the Medical Department of LoyolaUniversity, and who has traveled over all the world, explained hisresidence in Milford. After leaving the army he sought a location in asmall town, selecting Milford as the result of a newspaperadvertisement, and going there, found it to consist of less than 200inhabitants. But the surrounding territory was rich and the farmersprosperous, and in the isolated location he saw the chance of continuingexperiments begun at Bellevue Hospital, New York. Later he found himselfcompelled to build his own hospital to care for the patients thatarrived, attracted by the news of the goat-gland operations. Dr. Brinkley is 35 years old and has been a skilled surgeon for more than 15years. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement ofScience, the American Medical Association, the Missouri Valley MedicalAssociation, the Kansas Medical Association, and a Fellow of theClinical Congress of Internal Medicine. He is also a 32nd Degree Mason. 

In the treatment of pneumonia and influenza Dr. Brinkley uses serums ofhis own invention. In the treatment of his cases of influenza last yearthe reports of the health authorities of Geary County, Kansas, show thatDr. Brinkley didn't lose a single case. Milford is in Geary County, andGeary County swears by Dr. Brinkley. 

CHAPTER V

A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT

The intention in offering for your perusal the preceding newspaperaccounts of Dr. Brinkley's work in the opening months of the year 1920was to show you what his views at that time were regarding the value ofthe gland operation which he has since made his life-work. The ChicagoTribune speaks of it as incidental to his general work as a surgeon. Dr. Brinkley himself speaks of shortly beginning an experiment upon an oldman of 80. A year later he looked back upon a record of achievement ofthe most astounding results in operations performed upon men of 75, 80, and even 81. During this past year he has perfected his technique, implants the male glands exclusively into men and the female glands orovaries into women, and has definitely selected the scrotum of the manas the only right place in which to introduce the goat-glands for thetransplantation. You are here viewing the development of a greatscientific discovery from the beginning of its employment upon humanbeings. Nor is there any reason to suppose that the year 1922 willproduce no embellishment of value in the form of a wider application ofthe method. Some very striking limitations have been established duringthe past year's work. For instance:

If the blood examination shows a positive Wasserman test for syphilis itis useless to transplant the glands, because they will certainly sloughout. Active syphilis is antagonistic to the goat-tissue. Even latentsyphilis, showing a negative Wasserman, is likely to produce a slough ofthe glands. Nothing should be concealed from the doctor, of course, andyet it has happened at the hospital at Milford that a patient on beingquestioned in advance of the operation has emphatically stated that hehad never contracted syphilis, and three days later, after thetransplantation, when the sloughing of the new glands had shownsomething definitely wrong with the blood, this patient admitted that hehad not spoken the truth in the matter, but had contracted the diseasemany years previously. On the other hand, in Locomoter Ataxia, in whichthere is invariably a history of syphilis, the goat-glands take holdwithout exception, the efficacy of the transplantation in this disease, hitherto incurable by any means known to man, being due to the power ofthe new glands to cause a dissolving of scar-tissue, in the opinion ofDr. Abrams of San Francisco, who investigated the remarkable resultsattained by Dr. Brinkley in his cures of Locomoter Ataxia by thegoat-gland operation. 

If the goat-glands are transplanted into members of the Hebrew racethere follows invariably a high temperature persisting for several days, after which the cure proceeds normally without any untoward occurrence. Glands transplanted into a negro will slough, or, at least, they did soin the one case on which Dr. Brinkley performed the operation, for noapparent reason other than a supposed racial antagonism to goat-tissue. No experiments have yet been conducted upon Japanese, Chinese, Hindus, or our native Indians. When the blood count shows high in white(leucocytes) and low in red, the glands will slough, but the reversecondition does not hold true. And now let us consider the case of Mr. Ernst, of Morganville, Kansas, who is over 77 years of age, and whopermits the use of his name and address. One of the most curiousfeatures of his case is that when he came for the operation his hair, white as snow, was thin on the scalp, the color of the skin of the scalpshowing through the hair, as it frequently does in the aged. That wasalmost a year ago. Mr. Ernst's hair is now turning black all over thehead, the scalp shows a thickening in the growth, or an increase in thequantity of hair, and you cannot now see the scalp through the hair. Mr. Ernst wrote an excellent letter to Dr. Brinkley two months ago, andstates that he has no objection at all to its reproduction. When apersonal story of this kind is offered for use it is as well to use itin its original form, but this so rarely happens in this work that forits uniqueness alone it would be worth while to put it before you. Withsome notable exceptions, the men patients who have been operated upon byDr. Brinkley feel ashamed of the fact. Not for anything would they lettheir friends or acquaintances know anything about it. The veil ofsecrecy is, of course, never lifted by the doctor. The women patientshave none of this false shame, apparently, but enjoy discussing theresults of the operation with their friends. It is, perhaps, naturalthat a United States Senator, two of whom have been operated on withmuch advantage to themselves, should shrink from the jocose remarks offriend or foe and the curiosity of acquaintances. There is good reason, in the case of a public man, for avoidance of notice in the matter, andthat is one of the advantages of having the hospital located in the tinyvillage of Milford. If freedom from observation is the wish it iscertainly gratified there. Agreeing, therefore, on the whole, with thereticence of the public man in this matter, we yet feel a certainsatisfaction in the robust avowals of Mr. Ernst. Follows his letter ofJanuary, 1921:

"I am 77 years old, employed as commercial salesman by one of thelargest manufacturing companies of its kind in the world, and command agood salary and the confidence of my employers. Since my operation atDr. Brinkley's hospital I am now their free lance salesman, opening upnew territory and making good money. Any doubting Thomas may send me aself-addressed envelope if he questions the genuineness of what I sayhere about myself, and I will take time to answer him. First, theoperation is absolutely painless. For a number of years I was a martyrto Sciatica and Muscular Rheumatism. I used every Patent Medicine Icould hear of, besides Osteopathy and Chiropractic, and innumerableprescriptions from physicians, and received no benefit at all. Thesciatic trouble was bad enough, but to this you must add loss of memory, hydrocele, kidney trouble, constipation, no appetite, and insomnia. Mostnights two hours sleep was the most I could get, for the pains wereincessant. I read in . . . The +Kansas City Post+ last Spring about Dr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland operation, and decided to try it right away. I wasin such misery I would have tried +anything+. Now I want to tell you, inthe fewest words, that the amazing truth is that I have not had a twingeof pain of any kind at all since the operation, and have only a memoryof my former suffering. This is a marvelous thing. I have the feeling ofa youth. Whenever you want to hear from me I will write again and tellyou what changes have taken place in me as the result of this operation. If I was asked to put a cash value upon the operation in my own case Icould not do it, but I can say that all I possess in cash would be apoor equivalent for the difference the operation has made in my life. What is the difference in cash value between a life that is worth livingand one that is constant misery? I don't know how you would fix thatvalue, but that is the difference the operation has made in me. 

 S. H. ERNST. "

Dr. Brinkley has kept in close touch with Mr. Ernst, and received otherletters, not for publication, in which the old gentleman went franklyinto details of the change that had been wrought in him by the operationin the matter of astonishing sexual vigor. For obvious reasons suchdetails, while of the greatest scientific interest, cannot be more thanhinted at in a book, and we must content ourselves with the acceptanceof the fact as a fact of interest to science, to Dr. Brinkley, to theworld of aged men at our doors, and to Mr. Ernst particularly, rejoicingin his new-found vigor. 

Apart from the genuinely happy tone of his letters to Dr. Brinkley, thephenomenon of the darkening of the hair strikes most sharply on theattention. Perhaps our satisfaction in this particular piece of evidenceof rejuvenation is due to the fact that it is an objective proof;something visible to the eye, tangible; something for which we are notrequired to take anybody's opinion, but can trust our eyesight for thefact of it. It is something in which the psychic factor, the feelings, the imagination, the auto-suggestion, does not enter at all, and that iswhy it is exceedingly well worthy of note. Looking back over the years, and casting up in your minds all the people of sixty and seventy yearsof age whom you have known, can you put your finger on a single onewhose hair turned in color from white to dark and at the same time fromthin to thick? You probably cannot. Nor can the writer. It is reasonableto conclude, therefore, that the goat-glands alone have done this thingin the case of Mr. Ernst. 

CHAPTER VI

THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS

We must go to the pages of +The Chicago Evening American+ of date August18, 1920, for the story of Chancellor Tobias, written by Lloyd Lehrbas, of the American staff, with a brief introductory note, as follows:

(Here is one of the most remarkable news stories ever published in anyChicago newspaper. So startling is its detail that +The Chicago EveningAmerican+ in the interest of absolute accuracy submitted it to theperson most concerned for his approval, so there can be no questionconcerning the facts, scientific or otherwise. Other men and womeninvolved are not mentioned because the facts being established in themost important case, it is not considered necessary. )

Goat interstitial gland operations have been successfully performed onJ. J. Tobias, Chancellor of the Chicago Law School, and thirty-fiveother Chicago men and women by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of Milford, Kansas, who has been in Chicago for the past six weeks, performing theoperations every day. 

[Illustration: THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL, MILFORD, KANSAS, U. S. A. ]

An alderman, a well-known political figure, living on the Gold Coast, a judge, a prominent real estate man, a newspaper man, three women, oneof whom is well known on the North Shore, and other Chicagoans, havefound the lost Fountain of Youth as a result of the miracle-surgeon'stransplanting the revivifying interstitial glands of a goat into theirhuman bodies. 

The story of Dr. Brinkley's knife magic is the story of a surgeon'sstudy and experimenting for nine years, ending with the successfulaccomplishment of the gland operation performed on thirty-sixChicagoans, who are alive and healthy today. 

The complete story, with laboratory data, the name of one of theprominent patients, and an authorized interview with Dr. Brinkley istold for the first time in +The Evening American+ today. 

+Successful on Women. + Proof that the operation has been successful onwomen as well as men makes the story of increased interest. Until now ithas been the general conception that the operation was successful on menonly. A Chicago woman is now supremely happy because, after years ofhoping, the operation has made it possible for her to become a mother. 

Five months ago, Chancellor Tobias was, in his own words, played out. His years of teaching in the Chicago Law School had reduced hisvitality. 

Chancellor Tobias went to Dr. Brinkley's hospital and submitted to theoperation in order to relieve arterial congestion in the brain, causedby two attacks of influenza, a year apart. So serious had become hiscondition and so severe the attacks of vertigo and high blood pressure, that his attending physician informed him he was in imminent danger ofdeath. The planting of the interstitial glands in Chancellor Tobias'body relieved the congestion and fully eliminated the cause. 

+Purged of All Ills. + Today he has dropped the years from his shoulders, purged his body and brain of ills, and stands revivified. 

"I feel like a youth again, " the aged chancellor said today. "I'm a newman. "

The stories of the other Chicagoans who have been benefited by theoperation read like fiction. They were ill, they were old, theyapparently were beyond the skill of the surgeon's knife, or spiritualhope. Now from their own lips come paeans of glorification for restoredvitality and youth, all due to the humble goat and the surgical skill ofa country surgeon. 

+Tobias' Own Story. + Today I called at the law school in the MonadnockBuilding to see Chancellor Tobias and get the story from his own lips. The reports seemed too rosy. The facts seemed overstated. The resultsappeared to me unduly magnified. But here was a prominent lawyer who hadthe operation performed. Here was assurance there would be no buncombefrom him. 

An alert, peppy, gray-haired man sprang up to greet me, his eyes, theeyes of youth, his step firm and sprightly, his handclasp steady andstrong. And yet he was 71 years old!

"Do you really feel younger?"

+Twenty-five Years Younger. + Chancellor Tobias threw out his chest, squared his shoulders, --and smiled. "I feel twenty-five years younger. I'm a new man, strong, and good for twenty years of work, " he replied. "I was ill, old, and played out, but the operation has completelyrevivified me. "

"How does it feel to have been old, and then become young again?"

"Glorious!"

+Was "Played Out. "+ And here is Chancellor Tobias' story of the fountainof youth. 

"After teaching for twenty-five years in the Chicago Law School, " hesaid. "I was played out. I suffered intense headaches. My eyesight beganfailing. There was a constant ringing in my ears. Dizziness came withincreasing regularity. Mentally and physically I was an old man. Then Iheard of Dr. Brinkley. "

Chancellor Tobias went to Milford, Kansas, as a last hope in March ofthis year. 

On March 26 Dr. Brinkley selected a two months' old goat and removed theinterstitial glands. They were placed in a solution at body heat andtaken to the operating room. Dr. Tobias was given an anesthetic. Dr. Brinkley leaned over the operating table, made a quick, accurateincision, planted the goat gland, and fifteen minutes later theoperation was over. 

+Eyesight Improves. + "Four days after the operation, " the Chancellorcontinued, "the headaches had disappeared, and my eyesight was greatlyimproved. And seven days afterwards, I left the hospital a new man. "

One month after the operation Chancellor Tobias wrote to Dr. Brinkley:"I really feel twenty years younger. My health has improved wonderfully. I have regained my lost vigor and vitality. I'm a recreated youth. "

And today even Chancellor Tobias' fellow faculty members, many of themnationally famous attorneys, admit that Dr. Tobias has improved 100 percent. 

+"Almost Unbelievable. "+ "I hesitate to speak of this, " ChancellorTobias said. "It is so wonderful it is almost unbelievable. The publiccannot appreciate what the operation means. There has been some levityover the news of the gland operations, but it should be treated with thegreatest respect and admiration. The operation has been a success on meso I am in a position to speak authoritatively. It is one of thegreatest things of the century. "

Among the other thirty-five patients who have been successfully operatedon are many well-known to thousands of people in Chicago. Here are sometypical Chicago cases omitting names:

Policeman ----, aged 60, suffering from chronic diabetes and a generalbreakdown, which was about to compel his retirement from the force. Operated on August 9. Left the hospital yesterday feeling like "a newman. "

Alderman ----, aged 55, chronic asthma sufferer. Operated on April 26. Asthma had disappeared by the time he left the hospital. Declared hefelt years younger and is now completely revivified. 

Mr. G----, newspaperman, aged 39. Suffered from complete nervousbreakdown from overwork. Operated on April 25. Resumed work almostimmediately, full of pep, and today is the picture of health. 

Judge ----, aged 58. Premature old age from hardening of the arteries. Operated on April 28. Because of his wonderful improvement in health haschanged his mind about retiring from the bench. 

+Operation Painless. + "Ignorance about the gland transplanting is almostuniversal, " I told Dr. Brinkley. "I know nothing of it. Tell me how itis done, why you use goat-glands, all the whys and wherefores, so thereaders of +The American+ will have some authentic information. Is theoperation painful?"

"No, " Dr. Brinkley replied. "It is a simple incision with very littleactual pain. In practically all cases a local anesthetic is used. A general anesthetic is used only in exceptional cases. "

"How long does the operation take?"

"Fifteen to twenty minutes. It is as simple as grafting new shoots on afruit tree. No part of the human gland is removed. The goat-gland issimply planted to take the place of the old gland. "

"And the hospital confinement?"

"One week, to rest the patient and allow the gland to begin functioningwithout undue exertion. "

"Any danger?"

"None whatever. It's like grafting on a piece of skin. There isabsolutely no danger. "

+Eliminates Disorders. + Lost youth is regained, according to Dr. Brinkley, as a result of the revivifying fluid secreted by thetransplanted gland, leading to the elimination of organic disorders thatare hastening old age. 

Dr. Brinkley explained in detail:

"I began my experiments nine years ago, and began using goat-glandsthree years ago in the interstitial gland operation because thegoat-glands resemble to a large degree the human glands in theirhistological make-up. The interstitial glands and the blood, of a goat, are a very close approach in their constituents to those of a humanbeing. 

"Old people are simply broken down. The goat-gland secretes the fluidthat builds up the brokendown parts of the human body. Eyesight improves50 per cent. If a man is underweight he will gain to normal, and if heis overweight he will reduce to normal, showing that the goat glandsactually function. "

+Chronic Diseases Cured. + "Chronic skin diseases are cleared up. Stomachtrouble disappears under the new gland's guardianship of the body. I have the laboratory data, the scientific records, and the actualrevivified patients to prove it. The only unsuccessful cases are certainpeople whose blood lacks necessary essentials, and they are few. "

Dr. Brinkley gives Dr. G. Frank Lydston of Chicago credit for performingthe first gland transplanting operations. 

+Lydston Is Pioneer. + "Dr. Lydston is the pioneer, " Dr. Brinkley said. "He was the first man to transplant glands from a human to a human. I have never transplanted anthropoid ape glands, as Dr. Voronoff ofParis, and only in three cases human glands, as Dr. Lydston, and I wasnot pleased with the results in those three cases. I was the first totransplant goat glands. Dr. Serge Voronoff has performed the operationon only two human beings. He failed to give Dr. Lydston credit, althoughit is obvious he followed Dr. Lydston's book. "

 * * * *

This completes Mr. Lehrbas' interview. In the same paper, +The ChicagoEvening American+, a month later, date of September 15, appeared thefollowing account of another visit to Chancellor Tobias, written byEdward M. Thierry:

J. J. Tobias, chancellor of the Chicago Law School, told me it was noneof my business how old he is. He's got a goat-gland sewed into hisinnards and I was trying to get some personal Ponce de Leon statistics. 

"I'm over 50, " Tobias conceded. "How much I won't say. But I will say myclock has been turned back from ten to twenty years! Just look at me!"

He jumped out of his chair--er--friskily. That's the only expressiveword. Tobias is little, thin and wiry. His face wrinkles up and histeeth flash when he smiles. He has grey hair and talks with quickjerks--as if his energy is running a race with his tongue. 

"I'm rejuvenated, " Tobias said. "Time will tell whether my goat-glandwill make me live longer. I had that operation on last March 26, and I'mstill living. I'm no decrepit old man, either. "

Tobias was operated on by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, who has caused a furor inmedical circles through his many successful goat-gland operations. 

Critics of Dr. Brinkley make Tobias tired. Get his goat, so to speak. Hesays he knows what he's talking about, for he was formerly lecturer in aChicago medical college. 

"Seventy-five years ago my father had a little German machine, " Tobiassaid, "called the 'life waker. ' It was a disk as big as a dollar with alot of needles in it. You jabbed it into the small of the back and wakedlife that way. We can laugh at that archaic system, for it was crude. Now we're more scientific. Witness the transplantation of goat-glands. "

Tobias said he went to see Dr. Brinkley at Milford, Kansas, toinvestigate his goat-gland discovery because of long suffering fromcongestion of the brain arteries. Doctors had told him he was in dangerof death because of severe attacks of vertigo and a high blood pressure. 

"The operation, " Tobias said, "occupied about 20 minutes. Within threehours after the operation the goat-gland began to function, thecongestion was relieved, and within three days the cause was eliminated. 

"I am a new man physically, with new mental vigor, and a new power ofsustained effort. I can distinctly sense the function of a new gland inmy body. "

It must have functioned muscularly, for when I left Tobias gave me aknuckle-crushing grip which made it necessary to write this story withmy left hand. 

These newspaper articles are printed here without change, in spite ofevident repetitions, because of their evidential value. It is an oldtrick of the public press in the United States, and probably in Europealso, to start a sensation with a blazing front page story, and in thecourse of a few weeks follow it with a complete and sarcastic expose ofthe whole matter as a baseless fabrication, piling facts on facts toshow that the first story was an ingenious piece of deception got up bythe subject with the purpose of making capital out of the credulity ofthe public. There are no better detectives in the world than newspapermen. They work for the love of it. An expose is dearer to thedetective-instinct in them than a laudatory article, and they leave nostone unturned to get at the facts. When, therefore, after the lapse ofmonths, the newspapers of the United States repeat and confirm theirfirst stories about Dr. Brinkley's work it means something to one whoknows their methods of working. Money cannot buy this sort of publicity. There must be facts, and facts of value, and facts verified again andagain, before stories of this kind appear and reappear in the greatorgans of publicity in all the big cities of the United States. How farthey carry, and how wide-reaching is the interest, will be understood bythe statement that the announcement of Dr. Brinkley's work, printedfirst in American newspapers, and copied in the English papers, hasbrought him urgent requests to visit South Africa, Australia, Sweden, Scotland, and many other countries. From England in particular comerequests from women that he do not fail to make a journey to some partof Europe in the summer of 1921, in order that they may take theoperation with a view to bearing children. This he has arranged to doabout June of this year, expecting to find in England a climate duringthe months of June, July and August, which will not be too hot toprevent him from transplanting the goat-glands. He does not operate athis hospital in Kansas during June, July and August, on account of theheat, having found that when the outdoor temperature is high the glandswill certainly slough. The high temperature without seems to create ahigh temperature for the patient, and the result is a wasted pair ofgood goat glands, with loss of time and money to all concerned. InEngland in the summer it should be necessary to wait a few days only forright climatic conditions to present themselves, and be sure that theywill do so. There are the further matters of a supply of goats of theright Toggenburg breed, a place to keep them, in close proximity to theoperating hospital, and the hospital itself, to be dealt with suitablyin the shortest possible space of time after arrival. The supply ofgoats can probably be best procured direct from Switzerland through someLondon importer, and the other matters will no doubt fall easily intoplace. The goats must not come from a high altitude, or their glandswill not contain a right amount of iodine. This is curiously important. Dr. Brinkley cannot use goats from Colorado for that reason. If thedoctor's reception in England is cordial he will probably make his visitthere an annual summer affair of three months' duration for some yearsto come, which would give him an opportunity of keeping in continuedtouch with his English and European patients. The English are apractical people, and less sensitive than we to, or more careless of, ridicule, and they are likely to grasp the importance of Dr. Brinkley'swork on the instant of his arrival, compelling a long visit. 

CHAPTER VII

PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT

Writing with vivacity and humor, Mr. Clarence Day, Jr. , speculates withso much whimsicality upon the possible effects of surgical rejuvenationof men that one might overlook the keenness of his observation in ahurried perusal of his article. For the sake of preserving it for moreleisurely study, and because the points raised are really worthy ofattention, the article is reproduced here in full, with acknowledgmentsto +The Literary Review+, in which it first appeared, of date November20, 1920. Says Mr. Day:

Biologists really seem to be discovering ways of making men young again. So far, it is like making men drunk; the state that is produced does notlast. But it looks as though they might succeed in adding a chapter tolife. I wish it could be added to the other end: to youth instead of tothe last flickers. But if we can renew and re-live middle-age, that willbe better still. 

A man named Steinach, in Vienna, has been experimenting for ten yearswith rats. Full accounts of his work were published last summer in thegreat biological journal founded by Roux, and these were summarized anddiscussed by the London +Athenaeum+, which is now the most interestingof all English weeklies. It is from the +Athenaeum's+ account that I amtaking these facts. 

Steinach has been studying the interstitial cells that fill in thespaces between the tubules of the testes, in males, and between thefollicles of the ovaries in females. His reason for choosing these cellsfor his experiments is that they are a well-spring of life. Furthermore, since all our vital functions are interrelated, to make these cellsactive gives the whole organism new life and strength. This is not theonly way of stimulating the organism, but it seems the most powerful. 

An old rat is like a senile old man; he is bald and emaciated, his eyesare clouded, his breathing is labored. He stays in one place, with bentback, and has small interest in anything. If you cut one of his genitalducts, however, which is a comparatively slight operation, it has theeffect of making the interstitial cells multiply actively. Waves of lifeflood his being. Within a few weeks he is transformed. These currentsrestore and rebuild him; skin, muscle and mind. Both in looks andbehavior he is indistinguishable from other strong rats. 

He has cast off old age. Senility, which sets in with men when they arefrom sixty to eighty years old, begins after twenty to thirty months ina rat. He is then about through. But when an operation is performed on asenile rat he gets from six to eight months' new life. In other words, the addition to his normal span is 20 to 30 per cent. That would be alarge fraction of life for a man to live over again. The rat lives itvigorously, eagerly, back in his prime. 

When senility again comes upon him it is in a modified form. Hisorganism as a whole is in better shape. It is his mind now that tires. As Steinach has already cut one or both of his genital ducts, thatmethod of stimulating his cells cannot, of course, be repeated. Butanother operation is ready. Some unfortunate young male is deprived ofhis testes by Steinach, and these are implanted forthwith in this hoaryold rat. 

A second spell of active life follows, not so long as the first. It endsin acute psychic senility. The rat goes all to pieces. It is as if thebrain, twice restimulated to emotion, curiosity, keenness, hadapproached the very limit of its running, and was completely exhausted. 

Steinach has not yet tried whether a third rejuvenation is possible. That remains to be seen. He lives in Vienna, and everything there hascome to a stop. He has no assistants, no funds, with which to conductfurther experiments. "May happier lands or cities carry the work on, " hewrites at the end. 

It seems as though some rich American ought to stake the old boy. 

 * * * *

Steinach has naturally found it more difficult to give new youth tofemales. But here, too, he has in a measure succeeded. X-ray treatmentand ovarian transplantation are the methods employed. 

As to human experiments, there is a colleague of Steinach's namedLichtenstern, who has operated on numerous men and women with apparentsuccess. There has not been time yet to measure how long their new leaseof life is to be; but they have regained the joy of life they hadlost--strength and powers of work. Still, all this needs confirming. 

In a rat it is the sexual impulses that are directly reanimated. Heagain knows the fevers of courtship, the conflicts of marriage; andwhether he is glad to repeat these commotions depends on the rat. Inman, however, the sexual impulses are more or less sublimated, so thatthe new energy may appear in any of the other forms of psychic activity. Whatever such faculties he has in him once more grow strong. 

 * * * *

How wonderful it would be if we could at least prolong certainlives--great writers like H. G. Wells and Conrad, great artists, greatdoctors. But in practice, the men who would get hold of this would beJohn D. Rockefeller and W. J. Bryan. The rich uncle would walk in andtell his hopeless heirs he had been to see Steinach. Senators would liveforever. The world would grow harder for youth. 

Even were we able to control all this, and reserve the boon for thebest, would it work? Say we did choose the right men--is it not toointimate a suggestion that we should set a man of science upon them, prepared with a little knife to slice one of their genital ducts? Menhave fought all these years for the right to live. Have they no right todie? Must an old man who is needed by the public be condemned to liveon, his aged cells stirred and restirred while we glean his brains bare?Some Socrates of the future may yet envy that other his hemlock. 

 * * * *

This, we say it regretfully, is the end of Mr. Day's article. It isadmirable fooling. We will not pay his wit the poor compliment of takinghim seriously at the last and pointing out to him that it was Heine whosaid, "Nobody loves life like an old man!" There will be no need ofinsistence to urge the old men, useful or useless, to submit to anoperation to renew their youth. But it is to be hoped that they willnever be asked to submit to the cutting of the genital duct. It seems tothe writer that +The Athenaeum+ must have misconstrued Dr. Steinach'sexperiments in some degree, inasmuch as it is difficult to conceive ofthe operation of severing a genital duct as conducive to cell-formation. However, probably ligating is meant instead of severing. But this is notthe point really brought out by Mr. Day's clever article. The real pointis, Is it likely that if Mr. John Jones takes Dr. Brinkley's goat-glandoperation for the renewal of his youth, and thereby adds thirty years tohis life, and at the end of this thirty years of friskiness undergoes asecond transplantation of glands, thereby gaining twenty years more, andat the end of this twenty years takes the operation a third time, securing a further lease of gaiety for ten years, will the final yearsof Mr. John Jones be years of acute psychic senility, as observed by Dr. Steinach in his rat? To the writer it seems a +non sequitur+. The casesare not parallel. The rejuvenated rat appears to regard his acquiredvitality as impelling toward revelry and excess. It is necessary toemphasize the point that the pith and marrow of Dr. Brinkley's discoveryis that since it is clearly shown that rejuvenation is accomplished bythe restoration of activity to the sex-glands, therefore thepreservation of this rejuvenation MUST depend upon the CONSERVATION ofthe seminal fluids, and cannot depend upon any other single factorwhatever. It has been already explained that Dr. Brinkley puts it out ofthe power of the rejuvenated man to destroy the good that has come intohis life, and protects him against the danger of yielding too freely topassionate impulse, by preventing the escape of the rejuvenating agent. The means of nourishing the body and brain being therefore insured as tosupply, it is not reasonable to suppose that the nerve-cells of therejuvenated man can fail to receive their proper nourishment for manysucceeding years, and, passing by the rat as a fallacious parallel, wecannot see any good reason why the human body and brain, either underthe guidance of self-control, or surgically safeguarded against thewaste of excess, should not function at their best for fifty years ofadded life, with very possibly another fifty added to that. The realcrux of the matter is the resistive quality of tissue, which isapproximately 200 years for such organs as kidneys and heart, and, say, 150 for nerve-substance. 

[Illustration: THE OPERATING ROOM AT THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL]

CHAPTER VIII

A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY'S HOSPITAL

The writer, approaching the age of 54, and finding himself infirst-class physical and mental condition, except for a high bloodpressure, which was certainly the prelude to a later arterio-sclerosis, decided that he would be doing himself a service, and put himself in abetter position to write with some authority upon the effects of thegoat-glands, if he took the operation. 

On Saturday, April 16. 1921, Dr. Brinkley operated on him at thehospital, Milford, Kansas, transplanting the glands of a three-weeks oldmale goat. He remained in bed Saturday and Sunday, got up and went foran auto drive on Monday, and passed an uneventful week at the hospital, returning to Chicago on Saturday. He experienced a marked increase inmental energy, which might have shown itself also as increased physicalenergy if it had been put to the test. This feeling of added pep, snap, energy, or what you please to call it, could be psychological in itsorigin if it were not for the fact that it is continuous, with noset-backs. Every student of psychology is aware that auto-suggestion hasthe power to bring out latent energy, raise the drooping spirits, andgenerate a feeling of well-being. But the student, if he is a reasonablyclose observer, is also aware that these improved states of feeling havean annoying habit of being offset by corresponding periods ofdepression, and though he may persist in his effort to lift himself outof the black moods with such success that he finally arrives at a highertone-level mentally, with a corresponding physical improvement, there isindubitably a strong sense of effort needed for this good result. When, therefore, the writer finds himself working long hours day after daywith no sense of mental fatigue, but a certain unusual gaiety of heartaccompanying the successive days, as if life were on the whole rather alark, he, being accurately introspective, and not easily deceived intooptimistic conclusions, is forced to give the whole credit for thischange of spirit to the functioning of the new glands, and he isconfirmed in this conclusion by the fact that the high blood pressure, which was noticeable enough before the operation, cannot now, ten daysafter the operation, be detected by him at all. Ten days is all tooshort a time in which to write of details in a matter of thisimportance. He expects to be able to confirm improvement in eyesight bythe middle of May, and will be in a position to speak at greater lengthon the matter after the summer has passed. The intent of this chapter isto give a brief account of something he saw at Dr. Brinkley's hospitalduring the week of his treatment. 

Two weeks before his arrival a man suffering from locomotor ataxia hadbeen carried in, unable to help himself at all. When the writer saw thisman and talked with him he was up and dressed and walking about, withouta cane, and he left for home after a total stay of something less thanthree weeks. In parting from him the doctor said, "You are on thehigh-road to complete recovery. I expect to hear that you are gettingstronger every day. Practice in walking will bring back to you the oldconfidence and banish the helpless feeling that you are sure to fall. You see that you can control the motions of your feet and legs now asyou could not before. Sensation has returned to the soles of your feet, and you can now turn yourself over in bed, which you could not do beforewithout assistance. This means that the brain, spinal cord, muscles andwill are co-ordinating again. This means that the goat-glands areactively working, dissolving scar-tissue, and bringing you back tohealth. But it is asking a good deal of a pair of goat-glands to do asmuch as they must do in your case to bring about complete recovery. I would rather give them some extra assistance. If you will come back tome, therefore, next Fall, to this hospital, I will put two newgoat-glands into you; and I believe that with this extra help you willgo right through to a complete cure without any trouble. The operationwill not cost you a cent. I am anxious only to complete the good work. I may be wrong at that, and it is possible that the glands you have nowwill be enough to do the work, but if they do not, come back here fortwo more next Fall. Don't forget. "

This man had been everywhere for relief, and had taken every treatmentknown for his disease, with no results whatever, as he told the writer. "This is the first time for twelve years, " he said, "that I have had anyfeeling in my feet. I am surely going to get well at last. "

In another case of the same disease the patient, when he came to thehospital, was taking morphine daily to relieve the lightning-pains. Hecould not stand upright with his eyes shut without falling, and ifspoken to suddenly was likely to lose his balance and fall. He had notwalked without a cane for several years. Twenty-four hours after thegoat-gland operation he said that the pains had left him, andvoluntarily stopped the morphine. In two weeks he was walking five milesbefore breakfast, without a cane to help him. He left the hospital acured man. There has never been a case of true locomotor ataxia cured byany means whatever, in the history of man, until this Kansas surgeon, Dr. Brinkley, found the cure for it in this transplantation ofgoat-glands. Ataxia is an after-math of syphilis, in ninety-nine casesout of a hundred, and it is a question, which no layman can solve, whether the cause of the ataxia is in the disease, or in the mercurialtreatment used to combat the disease. Another age, following this, maydecide that the disease, syphilis, is less destructive of human tissuethan the cure, Mercury. However that may be, the fact remains thatgoat-glands will cure Locomotor Ataxia, and they are apparently the onlymeans of cure hitherto discovered. 

The writer talked with some of the townspeople of Milford regarding Dr. Brinkley's work. Their attitude was detached, but on the wholeaffirmative. They could not, as they put it, doubt their own eyesight, implying that they would do so if they could. They had seen case aftercase carried into the hospital, and they had seen those same people walkout and go their way to their homes. It was queer, they said, and waggeda critical head. So true is it in all parts of the earth that a prophethath honor save in his own country! Here and there, however, the writerfound a townsman who had nothing but words of praise and admiration forDr. Brinkley's work. These always proved to be people who had had somerelative under Dr. Brinkley's care at the hospital, and they wereintelligent men who could give their reasons for their conclusions. Theywere proud of the lustre which Dr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland work wasshedding upon the name of their village. Most of the townspeople, however, seemed to think that Dr. Brinkley should be proud of the town. Their engaging surliness of demeanor with regard to the miracles beingperformed in their village was a fascinating study to a city man, whosaw here at its best the typical small-town attitude towards the biglocal thing. It is not peculiar to Milford. It is universal. It is astrue in England and France and Belgium and Germany as in any little townin the United States. What do you suppose the country villagers thoughtof Fabre, the great French naturalist, probably to be hailed by the nextgeneration as the greatest figure since Darwin? Without doubt theythought him mad, and if kindly, pitied him, or if savage, despised him. Meanwhile it is quite certain that the work of Dr. Brinkley has put thetown of Milford, Kansas, on the map, and, if you do not find it on therailroad map you may some day consult, it will help a little to say herethat you go from Kansas City, Missouri, by the Union Pacific Railroad toJunction City, Kansas, and from that point change to a little branchline which carries you to Milford. The depot at Milford is about a milefrom the village itself. You will find an auto at the depot which willcarry you to the hospital, where you will be met by Dr. Or Mrs. Brinkley, or Miss Lewis, the Head Nurse, and where you will be verycomfortable if you decide to make a stay of a week or so for personalreasons. The food is good, and the Kansas air fresh and bracing andplentiful. Winds are indeed common, but the village is safely out of thetrack of the Kansas cyclones, and the storm cellar is unknown. Thehospital is spotlessly clean and a marvel of completeness in equipment. The preparations for the gland transplantation are simple but thorough;a test of spermatic fluid, a blood test, a test for blood pressure, a blood count, and a purgative the night before the operation, with nobreakfast on the morning of the operation. You will eat a good lunch inbed, however, on that day, and miss no meals afterwards. Briefly, thewriter can say honestly that the pain of the operation is no more thanthe twinge of a toothache. 

CHAPTER IX

SUMMARY

Dr. Brinkley's employment of the goat-glands for the past three years ofcontinuous operating, therefore, has proved to his satisfaction and tothat of his patients that the testes in men and the ovaries in womenfurnish a secretion which has the property of a revivifying fluid whenrestored to the system by the currents of blood and lymph. In thatcommonly fatal condition of the arteries which follows rapidly upon thestate of blood pressure known as hardening of the arteries, orarterio-sclerosis, a practically incurable condition hitherto, theresults obtained by the goat-gland transplantation are miraculouslyswift. When the arteries are, as the doctor puts it, "as hard aspipe-stems, " they grow in a few weeks, sometimes in a week, soft andpliable. The change, according to Dr. Brinkley, is brought about in thewalls of the arteries themselves, and is not a process of dissolving theaccumulations or deposits of calcareous material within the arteries. The change is in the material of the walls of the arteries, producing areturn of the condition of elasticity, permitting expansion andcontraction as in youth. 

It is a favorite theory with some modern writers that the physicalchange from youth to age is accompanied in the body, and in a sensecaused by, the deterioration in the quality of the cells of the body, and they call this change a breaking-down process by which the finer andmore highly differentiated cells, such, for example, as the nerve-cells, and others which have high and complicated duties to perform, aredisplaced by cells of an inferior type, which they name conjunctivecells, much as the common sparrow drives away the songbirds from thehome garden and, usurping the place of the songbird, substitutes awretched twitter for the golden notes of the warblers which oncedelighted our ears. The common cells, also, on usurping the place of thenobler cells, are unable to perform the difficult duties of the latter, and the result upon human organism is disorder, decay, disease, etc. , contributing to, if not causing, the condition of old age. This is aningenious but not convincing theory. Our knowledge of histologicalprocesses is too incomplete at this stage to permit its acceptance asfact. It assumes too much to be known which is quite unknown. Moreover, it refutes itself upon examination in this particular, and in severalothers, that if it were true that these inferior cells are on thelookout to invade instantly any part of the human organism in whichthere was a breaking down of nerve-tissue, for example, then it would beimpossible to build new nerve-tissue to take the place of that which wasdestroyed, because its place, according to this theory, has been alreadytaken by an intruder who cannot be dislodged. But new nerve-cells areconstantly being rebuilt, and constantly being put to use in theorganism. If this theory were true, then a brain in middle age would beunable to function because of the impossibility of renewing its cells. 

A much more reasonable and probably true explanation of the cause of oldage is the gradual disappearance of animal matter in the bones andtissues, and the corresponding increase of the mineral matter in thebones and tissues, amounting to ossification of cartilage, whereby thesupple cartilage, losing its animal content, becomes practically bone bydeposit of lime particles. This would also account in a common-sensemanner for the fragility of the bones of the aged, the brittleness beingdue to calcareous deposits in the substance of the bone itself, inexcess of the normal mineral contents of the bones in youth. Thefunction of the seminal fluids, therefore, appears to be to restore tothe aging tissues this property, this animal matter, which when in itsright ratio and proportion in the cells of the organism produces thecondition of youth. The action of these seminal fluids, therefore, seemsto be two-fold, a dissolving and a nourishing. The distinction should beclearly made that the action is NOT merely stimulating. The stimulationof a nerve-cell is a temporary excitement. We speak of the stimulationof alcohol, and this illustration gives a clearer view of the differencebetween the nourishing action of the seminal fluids and a stimulatingaction than we could obtain by the employment of many words. It isinteresting to remember that while it is possible to increase themineral particles of soda, potash, lime, iron, silica and magnesia inthe blood and lymph, it is practically impossible for us to increase theanimal contents of the cells by any method of medication or dietingknown to us. Only Life can produce this change in the cells, and onlythis method of gland-transplantation has furnished a means of impressingLife into service to work for us in this matter. To produce the effectswhich are needed to rejuvenate a body that has increased its mineralmatter at the expense of its animal matter we require the co-operationof glands made active, because only the glands, in the marvelouschemistry of the body, are able to compound the animal substancesrequired to nourish the cells, tissues and organs of the body, and todissolve and remove those injurious substances of a mineral nature whichhave accumulated in excess in cells and tissues, usurping the place ofthe animal matter in the cells because of the inactivity of functiongenerally, and the poor elimination of waste matter, as the years pass. This is the re-creative and rejuvenating work of the gland secretions. It is beyond us to say exactly what these secretions consist of. We knowthe importance of their presence in blood and lymph only by thedisasters that follow their absence. The thyroid gland and parathyroids, for instance, seem to be connected by some close sympathy with theactivity or non-activity of the interstitial glands, and the atrophy ofone is often accompanied by the atrophy of the other. The subject isstill hidden in darkness to the extent of insufficient knowledge on ourpart of the exact constituents of the active agents in the secretions ofthe testes, thyroids, suprarenals, pituitary and other glands. Time andfurther opportunity for experiment are needed to show to what extent thegoat-gland transplantation can be used to remedy goitre, epilepsy andthe graver lesions of paralysis. The use of the goat-glands is toorecent to admit of anything but speculation on these points. There wouldseem to be no good reason to doubt that if the male organs of a younggoat do rejuvenate the atrophied testes of a man, which Dr. Brinkley hasabundantly proved they do, the thyroid gland of a young goat might beexpected to restore the atrophied thyroid of a human being. This againis only conjecture, Dr. Brinkley's work up to the present having beenconfined to the transplantation of testes and ovaries. But he expects tofind time during the present year to satisfy himself of the results ofsuch important experimental work as is here indicated. It is possiblethat his visit to Europe this summer may be the means of enlarging hisfield considerably, although it would appear that if he had six pairs ofhands and could keep all employed in continuous service he couldscarcely cope with the demands upon his time which any and all countriesof the earth may be expected to make when his work is known. In tenyears, no doubt, gland-transplantation, particularly goat-glandtransplantation, for the renewal of youth in man and woman will be sousual as to occasion neither wonder nor hilarity. But we are not livingten years from now, but at this present moment, and Dr. Brinkley'soperation to-day is a marvel, a wonder and a joy. There is asatisfaction in being in the van. It is fine to be the first to do a bigthing, especially if that big thing is something of the most practicalvalue to humanity. Mankind has always crowned its great generals, itsgreat destroyers of life. Here is a man who comes forward to preservelife. That is his mission, if you like. Certainly it is his life work. It is a noble work. The question in the writer's mind is, What will theydo to him? How will they take him in England? Will they applaud, orcrucify, or neglect? Probably they will show him something of thegenerous hospitality of England, and leaven this with a plentifulsprinkling of ridicule, because the subject of the goat lends itself tohumor of the obvious kind. But it is our belief that the hard, practicalcommon sense of the Anglo-Saxon will lead them to make the utmost use ofthis opportunity of his visit, and, having got him, it is to be expectedthat they will know enough to keep him. This is quite as much theiropportunity as his. While they sharpen their wit upon the sacrificialgoat and make merry, they are pretty sure to make full use of hisknowledge and skill while they have him with them, and might make thingsso pleasant for him that he might say, when the summer is over and helooks back upon the white cliffs of Dover, returning to his own country, "This is a good land. I have enjoyed the trip. I like the people. I willreturn next summer, and for many summers thereafter. "

CHAPTER X

THE SPARK OF LIFE

 +By J. R. Brinkley, M. D. , C. M. , Ph. D. , Sc. D. +

 Chief Surgeon, Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training School for Nurses, Milford, Kansas

 (Written October, 1920)

For many years scientists have believed that a part, or all of theglands of the human body influenced longevity. They believed our glandscontained the "life spark. " Men for hundreds of years have been seekingthe "fountain of youth. " Ponce de Leon when he landed in Florida and sawthe beautiful springs and flowers thought he had found it, and soannounced to the world. Long ago we learned that the pituitary glandinfluenced growth and development. For instance if the pituitary glandover-functioned we had Giantism. If it under-functioned the opposite wasthe result--a dwarf. If the thyroid gland was at fault we would haveeither the low mentality commonly spoken of as cretinism, or myxedema. We found that by feeding children the fresh gland substance a markedimprovement would be obtained and sometimes a cure. Some years ago therewas a surgical craze which called for the removal of the women'sovaries. It was thought that many nervous troubles, including epilepsy, etc. , were due to diseased ovaries, so the surgeons removed ovaries justabout as promiscuously as tonsils and teeth are now taken out. After awhile they found a woman without ovaries was about ruined, so somethinghad to be done, and ovarian extracts and substances were fed to theunfortunates. Good results were obtained so long as the feeding processkept up, but if the feeding was stopped, the miserable symptomsreturned. One factor was always in evidence, that a woman who had noovaries never menstruated again. Premature change of life (menopause)resulted. Ageing took place early. A loss of interest in the pleasantthings of life existed. As a wife or companion for the home the womanwas worse than useless. Her life was so miserable that all who came incontact with her were made miserable, also. She was unsexed, and one ofthe "sparks of life" had been taken away. She assumed characteristics ofthe male. If the testes of a man are removed he will assume thecharacteristics of a woman. Many changes will take place. His mind is nolonger clear, he tires easily, cannot concentrate upon any subject, andhas marked loss of memory and of physical well being. The things thatonce appealed to him are now undesirable. The opposite sex are repulsiveand he shuns their society. A man or woman who suffers the prematureloss of their glands of regeneration will become more or less defectivementally and their life will be materially shortened. 

At one time a favorite expression was, "A man is as old as hisarteries. " We know better than this now. A man is just as old as hefeels, when said feeling is directed to his sex organs. The first signof old age is impotency, and more men are reaching a premature impotencythan ever before in the history of the world. Their glands are burningup, as it were. After impotency is well on its way arterio-sclerosis orhardening of the arteries is noticed, then the mental inefficiency, aswell as physical weakness. Right on the heels of impotency comesprostatitis. I was taught in medical school that nearly all men sufferedfrom an enlarged prostate and prostatitis: that it was one of thediseases of "old age"; that we were heir to it and might expect it toshow up after the age of 45. I was also taught that arterio-sclerosiswas another disease of old age, and all men were heir to it. However, weare beginning to awaken to a few things. We are approaching the dawn ofa new day. We are beginning to understand the whys and wherefores. WhileI have been criticized and called everything under the sun, except anangel, I expected as much, and I am ready to face the world with myfacts; not theories. I have a long and hard fight before me yet. 

[Illustration: THE TOGGENBURG GOATS]

The cures that I have effected by gland transplantation up to thepresent time are enough to justify me for all of my work and effortsalong this new line of science. Should I never operate again, I feeljustly repaid and know that I have started something that will go on andon and live forever. Gland transplantation for the cure of diseasewithin the next ten years will be as common as the removal of a diseasedappendix is now. You can hardly pick up a daily paper without reading anaccount of some surgeon performing a wonderful operation oftransplanting bone or tissue from some animal to replace that which wasdiseased in the human. Why not borrow what we need from the animal? Weuse their flesh for food. We also use their gland substances in thefresh or dried form to supply our bodies with whatever we may notpossess. 

My first efforts in gland transplantation were directed towards the cureof sterility. A man came to me who had been impotent for sixteen years. Every known means had been used in his case. My experiments in the useof glands from animal to animal, led me to believe that if the glandfrom a goat could be transplanted into the human body this impotency andsterility could be overcome. This man was willing to try anything as hewas 46 and his wife was 42. They were very anxious for a male child. Twelve months after the transplantation I delivered his wife of a10-pound baby boy, who is alive and well today. In appreciation of whatthe goat glands had done for them they named the baby "Billy. " He liveswithin four miles of me now. This first case being a wonderful successencouraged me to experiment with humans on a larger scale. Willingsubjects were not easy to obtain. After obtaining, it was difficult tooperate. The operation or experiment could not be performed in any ofthe general hospitals. Ethics as well as country and little town gossipforbid such work. It was necessary for me to build a hospital of my ownso that my experiments could be carried on without the public orprofession knowing anything about them. If good results were obtained Icould announce to the world; if none were obtained the matter could bedropped. After four male children had been born, due directly to glandtransplantation, the news leaked out, and has swept the world likewildfire. While I was transplanting glands for sterility, otherbeneficial effects were noted by me as well as my patients. Now, since Ihave transplanted glands into more than 600 men and women it is an easymatter to give some comprehensive statistics. A complete record is keptof each case and follow-up letters are used so that we are in a prettyfair way to estimate just what we are doing. Five cases of insanity havebeen cured to date. The great difficulty in obtaining insane people foroperation is, they are confined in a state institution, and theauthorities will not permit their removal, especially when their lovedones tell the "higher ups" they wish Dr. Brinkley, "the gland man, " totransplant goat glands. "Oh, no, it's all rot and will never do!"However, we have operated upon five cases and have cured five cases. After awhile we will break down this great wall of prejudice, and insanepeople will be ordered out for this operation. At present when habeascorpus proceedings are all that will obtain the release, and glandtransplantation is the object, not much of a chance exists. I am goingto mention one of our very interesting cases, as the man lives onlyabout 15 or 20 miles from me in Dickinson County, Kansas. His name isLon Jones, and his case is known far and wide within the state ofKansas. My writing about Mr. Jones will not be the betrayal of aprofessional secret. He is anxious for the world to know about it. Somesix weeks or two months before I was called to see him he was strickensuddenly, insane. He had mounted his horse and was driving his cattlehome for the night when it was noticed by others that he acted "queer. "He began to whip and fight his steed as well as the cattle unmercifully. He dismounted or fell off his horse and at first was thoughtunconscious. A physician was called, another, and another, and his casewas diagnosed as Dementia Praecox. Violent in character. He wanted tokill his doctor, or commit some rash act. One of the first acts was totry and give away all of his land and stock as well as corn and feed. 

It was unsafe for his wife and children to be near him. Men remainedwith him, day and night. Finally his guards had to tie him in bed. Hisarms and feet were securely fastened, as well as his body, to a heavyiron bed. Application for his entry into the state institution had beenmade when I was called. With the assistance of neighbor men he wasconducted into my hospital here. Immediate gland transplantation wasperformed, and three days after said operation he asked me to remove hisirons so that he could rest comfortably. He informed me that he was inhis right mind and we need have no further fear of him. Soon afterwardshe was permitted to roam around the building and over town. He went homemore than a year ago and is transacting his business as a sane manshould. No evidence of his former trouble has occurred. He did not knowuntil the day that we discharged him what my line of treatment had been. Another notable case was that of a man who had spent 11 years of hislife in three state institutions for the insane in New York. He lefthere entirely cured and is now holding an important position in New YorkCity. Another case was that of a young man who became insane suddenly. His first act was to try and murder his father and mother, his greatestbitterness being directed towards his mother. He attempted to kill mewhen I approached him, and it was necessary to open a bottle ofchloroform and stand at a safe distance and throw the anesthetic in hisface and eyes. Less than a week after the operation he was in his rightmind, and has been so since. Another case of a young man who becameinsane and was violent. He secured a number of rifles and shotguns andbarricaded himself in a corn field. When he learned I had been sent forhe was worse than ever, and if it had not been for his mother I wouldhave been killed. I operated upon him immediately, and for one weekafter the operation I could not visit him. However, he soon was in hisright mind, and when it was told to him what he had done he went toIndianapolis, Ind. , and secured a position. His shame was so great thathe could not remain where he was known. After two years he returned homeand resumed work where he had left off. The fifth case was just asinteresting as the above. 

I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of locomotor-ataxia. It is almostimpossible for me to get cases of locomotor-ataxia. When a man writes mehe also asks his family physician, who very quickly informs him "thereis nothing to it; it's all bunk!"

My cases have ranged in age from 18 to 75 years. My patients that arefrom 60 to 75 years of age write me they feel as they did when they wereboys 18 years of age. I have transplanted glands for almost everyconceivable disease and have received splendid results in almost everycase. All cannot be cured, but all of them can be greatly benefited. Atthis writing I have with me as a patient a noted United States Senatorfrom Washington, D. C. He has been treated by Dr. Cary T. Grayson, thepresident's personal physician, as well as taking 3 years of treatmentat Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is depressed and discouraged. He speaks ofsuicide. He has been operated on only two days and I venture to say thatbefore his week is passed he will be a different man. 

My greatest number of men come for impotency, next for prostatitis, andmany for a general improvement in health. Many come with but onepurpose--to prolong their lives. I believe that those who receive glandtransplantation will live much longer than without it. Possibly as muchas from 10 to 25 years can be added. Then successive transplants can bemade, and we have no idea how long they will live. Their skin takes onthe appearance of youth. I know that after the ovaries have beentransplanted into women who have none their menses return on a 4-dayperiod regularly. Women who had passed the menopause have a return flow. Hardening of the arteries as well as high blood pressure are returned tonormal in 100 per cent of the cases. Eyesight is improved from 50 to 100per cent. A well-known judge was operated upon by me a short time ago, and his eyesight was so much improved that he could no longer wearglasses of any kind. Men who had not heard for 16 years write me thatsince gland transplantation they can hear the tick of a watch. In womena development of the bust is noted and the wrinkles disappear from theircheeks. Chronic constipation is cured as well as old chronic skindiseases, such as psoriasis, eczema, etc. 

With the best will in the world I am unable to describe on paper justhow my fellow practitioners should perform this operation, because Inever meet with precisely similar conditions in any two cases. I can saypositively that I do not know just what I shall do until the case itselfis under my hands in the operating room. The operation is simple initself, but in my early days of operating I made a number of mistakesbecause I was on new ground, and there was no authority from whom Icould learn the technique. Now, after my six hundred operations havetaught me what to do and how to do I am able to avoid these earliermistakes, and as a consequence I hardly ever have an operation that isnot a success. Not very many months ago I was called to San Francisco tore-operate on a number of cases which had gone wrong in the hands of afellow practitioner. I re-operated on these cases successfully. Thesurgeon who had performed the operation in the first place is skilfuland experienced in all lines of surgical work, but in this particularline of transplanting of goat-glands into human bodies in such wise thatthe tissue of the goat will blend with and nourish the human tissue noliving man except myself has had the necessary experience to teach himthrough his successes and failures, what to do and how to do it. Norshould I be successful if today, in spite of all the work I have donewith the Goat-Glands, I should relinguish the goat-gland in favor of thehuman-gland or the monkey-gland. Results have taught me that I made awise choice in pinning my faith to the young goat as the healthiestpossible animal from which tissue could be used for transplanting intohuman bodies. The goat is immune to practically all diseases. The humanbeing and the monkey, on the other hand, are liable to tuberculous orsome tropical disease. For his splendid work with human glands I givefull credit to Dr. Frank Lydston of Chicago, who was not only thepioneer in this use of human glands, but actually made his firsttransplantation upon himself. This is but another instance of that fineconfidence in our beliefs and convictions which is typical of themedical profession as a whole. In the use of the human-gland Dr. Lydstonis as supreme as I am in the use of the goat-gland, and you mustunderstand that in saying this I am not throwing bouquets at myself inidle vanity. I have a clear cold reason for saying this. I have devotedmy life to this particular work, and have brought it to a point where Ican speak with authority upon it. I foresee that because of themarvelous results obtained by the transplanting of the goat-glands at myhospital there will be a great awakening of interest in this operationon the part of the public and the medical profession. A great manyoperations of a similar character will be performed not alone in thiscountry, but all over the world. A great many of these operations willbe unsuccessful because the experience of the operator will not havetaught him what to do under certain unusual conditions, or rather, whatto do under any and all conditions. In the face of an unsuccessfuloperation this work will be blamed, and the theory upon which I work, namely, that the sex-energy is the basis of all human energy, physicaland mental, will be given a setback, and scouted as untrue. But I amconstantly proving its truth by the results I get, and find itsconfirmation in the effect of successful goat-gland transplantation inboth men and women. Therefore I am urgent in saying that the work mustbe rightly done in the first place to obtain right results. 

Briefly, the operation for men means that the glands of a three weeks'old male goat are laid upon the non-functioning glands of a man, withintwenty minutes of the time they are removed from the goat. In some casesI open the human gland and lay the tissue of the goat within the humangland. The scrotum of the man is opened by incision on both sides underlocal anesthetic. Conditions of the case may show that there areadhesions of tissue which must also be broken down before the new glandcan function. I find that after being properly connected thesegoat-glands do actually feed, grow into, and become absorbed by thehuman glands, and the man is renewed in his physical and mental vigor. 

The operation upon women means that the ovaries of a female goat notmore than twelve months of age are removed and inserted into the woman. If the woman's organs are sound and merely inert and atrophied, the newovary will find its way to its proper position and begin the work ofrestoring the arrested functions, so that the act of menstruation, forexample, which has ceased because of the atrophic condition of thewoman's ovaries, begins again and continues on a normal twenty-eight dayperiod. The effect of the new glands upon women is even more noticeable, if such a thing were possible, than upon men, since in their case therejuvenation is more striking in the changed appearance. But though Iclaim much, and with good reason, for this operation, I warn againstundue expectations. In many cases I advise against the operation as asure waste of time and money. In many cases I explain that the resultswill be experimental only, there being nothing in my experience towarrant assurance of success. For instance, in blindness and deafness Ihave no faith that this operation will remove the disease in spite ofthe fact that in almost every case operated upon there is greatimprovement in the sight and hearing. But I have no certain knowledgewhy this improvement followed. It partakes, therefore, of the nature ofan accident. In the case of very fat people the operation trims themdown to normal weight. Very thin people are built up to normal weight byit. Barren women and impotent men become mothers and fathers. But in nocase do I permit a grandfather or grandmother to entertain the hope thatthey may be rejuvenated to such an extent that they can procreate againif they wish. This is mere romance, with which I have nothing to do. Nordo I advise a young woman of forty who has not reached the menopausestage to take the operation if she is in good health, in spite of herbelief that the goat-glands will enable her to remain indefinitelyyoung. This is experimental work, and is not in the same class as thecase of the same woman who has just passed through her menopause andceased to menstruate. By all means I advise the latter to take theoperation because I feel that it will rejuvenate her. If a woman has hadboth ovaries removed by surgical operation, will this operation grow newovaries for her, and enable her to become a mother? At this stage of myknowledge my answer is, "Certainly not. " If a man has lost both glandsby surgical removal will this operation grow new glands for him? Ninetimes out of ten, "No. " The tenth time, "Yes. " I do not know why. 

I can use only a certain breed of goat, a Swiss milk goat, and onlyanimals of a certain youth. My goats cost me about $75 each on anaverage, and that is one reason why it would be impossible to conductthis work as a free surgical clinic might be conducted, unless theundertaking were specially endowed with funds to meet the expense. 

Some time in the month of June I expect to make a trip to London, England, and will be away possibly until the end of August. Even themonth of May in Kansas is sometimes too hot for this operation to besuccessfully performed, and I make it a rule to suspend operationsentirely throughout June, July and August. Experience has taught me thatwhen the outdoor temperature is high the operation will almost certainlybe unsuccessful, and on account of the cost involved, as well as for thesaving of time and trouble for the patient, it is in the highest degreeunwise to go contrary to this rule. If the glands are transplantedduring very hot weather they will almost certainly slough, which meansre-operating later. 

In many cases that are brought to me I do not operate or even advisethat the goat-glands be transplanted later. I cannot go into details ofsuch cases in these pages, but might cite the case of a man, syphilitic, who was sent to me. Certainly I have never made the statement anywhere, at any time, that this operation would cure syhpilis. The man is beingtreated now for syphilis, and should not have been sent to me at all. 

I quote the case of a woman of forty, who is normal in every way, andthe picture of health at the present time. Her desire is that she maynever grow to look any older than she does at this moment, and she asksme if this gland-operation will hold her at the point she has nowreached. Frankly, this is pure experiment. I do not know. After anotherten years of work in this gland-surgery I might be able to give her adefinite opinion, but not at this stage, seeing that my oldest cases goback only three years. On one point only I can speak with positiveness, namely, if I cannot answer this question there is no man living who cananswer it, because I am the only man alive who can give an opinion onthis work that is founded on first-hand knowledge. We learn in this workonly by experience, and we draw just conclusions only from +quantity+ ofexperience. No other man alive has had this experience in sufficientquantity to justify him in forming a conclusion derived from his facts. This is my answer not only to those who listen to encouraging adviceregarding the effects of this operation tendered by surgeons who areembarking in this goat-gland operation, but also to those generalpractitioners who inform patients asking their opinion in the matterthat the operation is useless because the glands are certain to slough, I hold that they are not qualified to speak on the subject because theyhave no knowledge. I have the most positive knowledge that when theoperation is rightly performed the glands do NOT slough, and myknowledge is founded upon the hard facts of much experience. In anotherten years I shall know more than I know today because I shall have addedto my facts, and among those facts there may be some which confirm thehope of the woman of forty alluded to above that this glandtransplantation may hold the condition of youth steady as somethingstatic, which will not be suffered to pass. At present I do not know, and if I offer an opinion it is to be understood that it is only aguess. My guess, then, would be that in this case the operation would bea waste, producing no effect whatever, neither adding to nor detractingfrom the condition of health and normal function which is present today. 

 * * * * * * * * *

The One Best Way Series of New Thought Books. Each 96 pages and cover, green silk cloth bound, printed on heavy egg-shell paper, size 5x7. Written by Sydney B. Flower. Price each, $1 postpaid to any part of theworld; four shillings and twopence in Great Britain. 

No. I. Will-Power, Personal Magnetism, Memory-Training and Success(illustrated). 

No. II. The Biochemistry of Schuessler. 

No. III. The New Thought System of Physical Culture and Beauty Culture(illustrated). 

No. IV. The New Thought System of Dietetics. 

No. V. The Goat-Gland Transplantation, originated by Dr. J. R. Brinkleyof Milford, Kas. , U. S. A. 

Address New Thought Book Department, 722-732 Sherman St. , Chicago, Ill. , U. S. A. 

NOTE--The Chicago New Thought office closes from March 31st to September1st, each year. 

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VOLUME II OF NEW THOUGHT

Beginning October, 1921, ending March, 1922, comprising six numbers, each 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. Flower, will beissued monthly at a markedly REDUCED SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, namely, SingleCopies in the U. S. A. And Possessions, 10 cents a copy; 50 cents a yearof six numbers; Canada and Foreign, 12 cents a copy; 60 cents a year. Great Britain, sixpence a copy; 2/6 a year. 

Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to September1st, each year. 

Volume II of NEW THOUGHT will maintain the high level attained in VolumeI. The same contributors. Dr. Brinkley, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, WilliamWalker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, Alberta Jean Rowell, NateCollier, Charles H. Ingersoll, Athene Rondell, Charles Edmund DeLand andothers will continue their valuable series throughout the year. 

The cartoons of Nate Collier and the articles of Arthur Brisbane willcontinue as special features. 

Many new writers will be added. 

The editor will contribute a series of six articles upon the effects ofDr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland Transplantation, speaking from first-handknowledge and inviting question, comment and discussion. 

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Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St. , Chicago, Ill. , U. S. A. 

VOLUME I OF NEW THOUGHT

A monthly magazine, 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. Flower, comprising 196 pages of reading matter in seven issues, viz. , Oct. , Nov. , Dec, 1920, and Jan. , Feb. , March, April-May, 1921. 

Price, bound in cloth, $2. 50, or Ten Shillings, postpaid to any part ofthe world. 

Volume I of NEW THOUGHT contains: Seven articles written by J. R. Brinkley, M. D. , on his wonderful goat-gland transplantation work;a series of articles on New Thought by such famous writers as EllaWheeler Wilcox, William Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, AlbertaJean Rowell, Veni Cooper-Mathieson, of Australia, and Nate Collier ofNew York; a series of articles on Astrology by Athene Rondell; a seriesof articles on Spirit-Phenomena by Charles Edmund DeLand; and begins aseries by Charles H. Ingersoll on the Single Tax. The volume includesfive regular monthly cartoons by Nate Collier; with special articles byArthur Brisbane, most highly paid writer in the United States, statingthe case against spiritualism; and a number of special articles by theeditor and others on Health, Psychology, etc. 

The brightest and most vital and most fascinating magazine published. Volume I is to be had only in its bound form, and the number of copiesis limited. No plates were made and the type is destroyed. The book istherefore a unique and limited first edition. 

Orders for this book will be accepted now, to be filled not later thanSeptember 15, 1921, in the order of their receipt, cash to accompanyorder. 

Cash will be returned immediately to unsuccessful applicants. We shallnot reprint this book, after this bound edition is exhausted, in theoriginal and complete form in which you may now procure it. 

Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St. , Chicago, Ill. , U. S. A. 

Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to September1st, each year. 

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Typographical Errors Noted by Transcriber

_Unless otherwise noted, errors were left as printed. Some variationssuch as hyphenization may be carried over from quoted material. _

 phemonena familiar to all of us [phenomena] has sometimes made a laporotomy necessary [laparotomy] the belief now general among genetists and anatomists [_form "genetists" may be correct for 1921_] incision in the acrotum [scrotum] On the other hand, in Locomoter Ataxia [Locomotor] his cures of Locomoter Ataxia by the goat-gland operation [Locomotor] [_these two misprints are on the same page_] and thirty-five other Chicago men and women by Dr. J. R. Brinkley [_invisible period in Dr. Supplied by transcriber_] Dr. Brinkley's operation to-day is a marvel [_anomalous hyphen at mid-line_] Ageing took place early. [Aging] I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of locomotor-ataxia. It is almost impossible for me to get cases of locomotor-ataxia. [_anomalous hyphens unchanged_] I should relinguish the goat-gland [relinquish] that this operation would cure syhpilis [syphilis]