THE FORME OF CURY, A ROLL OF ANCIENT ENGLISH COOKERY. 

Compiled, about A. D. 1390, by the Master-Cooks of King RICHARD II, Presented afterwards to Queen ELIZABETH, by EDWARD Lord STAFFORD, And now in the Possession of GUSTAVUS BRANDER, Esq. 

Illustrated with NOTES, And a copious INDEX, or GLOSSARY. 

A MANUSCRIPT of the EDITOR, of the same Age and Subject, with othercongruous Matters, are subjoined. 

"--ingeniosa gula est. " MARTIAL. 

TO GUSTAVUS BRANDER, Esq. F. R. S. F. S. A. And Cur. Brit. Mus. 

SIR, I return your very curious Roll of Cookery, and I trust with someInterest, not full I confess nor legal, but the utmost which yourDebtor, from the scantiness of his ability, can at present afford. Indeed, considering your respectable situation in life, and thatdiffusive sphere of knowledge and science in which you are acting, itmust be exceedingly difficult for any one, how well furnished soever, completely to answer your just, or even most moderate demands. Iintreat the favour of you, however, to accept for once this shortpayment in lieu of better, or at least as a public testimony of that profound regard wherewith Iam, SIR, Your affectionate friend, and most obliged servant, St. George's day, 1780. 

S. PEGGE. 

PREFACE

TO THE

CURIOUS ANTIQUARIAN READER. 

Without beginning _ab ovo_ on a subject so light (a matter ofimportance, however, to many a modern Catius or Amasinius), byinvestigating the origin of the Art of Cookery, and the nature of itas practised by the Antediluvians [1]; without dilating on theseveral particulars concerning it afterwards amongst the Patriarchs, as found in the Bible [2], I shall turn myself immediately, andwithout further preamble, to a few cursory observations respectingthe Greeks, Romans, Britons, and those other nations, Saxons, Danes, and Normans, with whom the people of this nation are more closelyconnected. 

The Greeks probably derived something of their skill from the East, (from the Lydians principally, whose cooks are much celebrated, [3])and something from Egypt. A few hints concerning Cookery may becollected from Homer, Aristophanes, Aristotle, &c. But afterwardsthey possessed many authors on the subject, as may be seen inAthenæus [4]. And as Diætetics were esteemed a branch of the study ofmedicine, as also they were afterwards [5], so many of those authorswere Physicians; and _the Cook_ was undoubtedly a character of highreputation at Athens [6]. 

As to the Romans; they would of course borrow much of their culinaryarts from the Greeks, though the Cook with them, we are told, was oneof the lowest of their slaves [7]. In the latter times, however, theyhad many authors on the subject as well as the Greeks, and thepractitioners were men of some Science [8], but, unhappily for us, their compositions are all lost except that which goes under the nameof Apicius; concerning which work and its author, the prevailingopinion now seems to be, that it was written about the time of_Heliogabalus_ [9], by one _Cælius_, (whether _Aurelianus_ is not socertain) and that _Apicius_ is only the title of it [10]. However, the compilation, though not in any great repute, has been severaltimes published by learned men. 

The Aborigines of Britain, to come nearer home, could have no greatexpertness in Cookery, as they had no oil, and we hear nothing oftheir butter, they used only sheep and oxen, eating neither hares, though so greatly esteemed at Rome, nor hens, nor geese, from anotion of superstition. Nor did they eat fish. There was little cornin the interior part of the island, but they lived on milk and flesh[11]; though it is expressly asserted by Strabo that they had nocheese [12]. The later Britons, however, well knew how to make thebest use of the cow, since, as appears from the laws of _Hoel Dda_, A. D. 943, this animal was a creature so essential, so common anduseful in Wales, as to be the standard in rating fines, &c. [13]. 

Hengist, leader of the Saxons, made grand entertainments for kingVortigern [14], but no particulars have come down to us; andcertainly little exquisite can be expected from a people then soextremely barbarous as not to be able either to read or write. 'Barbari homines a septentrione, (they are the words of Dr. Lister)caseo et ferina subcruda victitantes, omnia condimenta adjectivarespuerunt' [15]. 

Some have fancied, that as the Danes imported the custom of hard anddeep drinking, so they likewise introduced the practice ofgormandizing, and that this word itself is derived from _Gormund_, the name of that Danish king whom Ælfred the Great persuaded to bechristened, and called Æthelstane [16], Now 'tis certain thatHardicnut stands on record as an egregious glutton [17], but he isnot particularly famous for being a _curious Viander_; 'tis trueagain, that the Danes in general indulged excessively in feasts andentertainments [18], but we have no reason to imagine any eleganceof Cookery to have flourished amongst them. And though Guthrum, theDanish prince, is in some authors named _Gormundus_ [19]; yet this isnot the right etymology of our English word _Gormandize_, since it israther the French _Gourmand_, or the British _Gormod_ [20]. So that

we have little to say as to the Danes. 

I shall take the later English and the Normans together, on accountof the intermixture of the two nations after the Conquest, since, aslord Lyttelton observes, the English accommodated them elves to theNorman manners, except in point of temperance in eating and drinking, and communicated to them their own habits of drunkenness andimmoderate feasting [21]. Erasmus also remarks, that the English inhis time were attached to _plentiful and splendid tables_; and thesame is observed by Harrison [22]. As to the Normans, both William I. And Rufus made grand entertainments [23]; the former was remarkablefor an immense paunch, and withal was so exact, so nice and curiousin his repasts [24], that when his prime favourite William Fitz-Osberne, who as steward of the household had the charge of the Cury, served him with the flesh of a crane scarcely half-roasted, he was sohighly exasperated, that he lifted up his fist, and would havestrucken him, had not Eudo, appointed _Dapiser_ immediately after, warded off the blow [25]. 

_Dapiser_, by which is usually understood _steward of the king'shousehold_ [26], was a high officer amongst the Normans; and_Larderarius_ was another, clergymen then often occupying this post, and sometimes made bishops from it [27]. He was under the _Dapiser_, as was likewise the _Cocus Dominicæ Coquinæ_, concerning whom, hisassistants and allowances, the _Liber Niger_ may be consulted [28]. It appears further from _Fleta_, that the chief cooks were oftenproviders, as well as dressers, of victuals [29]. But _MagisterCoquinæ_, who was an esquire by office, seems to have had the care ofpourveyance, A. D. 1340 [30], and to have nearly corresponded withour _clerk of the kitchen_, having authority over the cooks [31]. However, the _Magnus Coquus_, _Coquorum Præpositus_, _Coquus Regius_, and _Grans Queux_, were officers of considerable dignity in thepalaces of princes; and the officers under them, according to DuFresne, were in the French court A. D. 1385, much about the time thatour Roll was made, 'Queus, Aideurs, Asteurs, Paiges, Souffleurs, Enfans, Saussiers de Commun, Saussiers devers le Roy, Sommiers, Poulliers, Huissiers' [32]. 

In regard to religious houses, the Cooks of the greater foundationswere officers of consequence, though under the Cellarer [33], and ifhe were not a monk, he nevertheless was to enjoy the portion of amonk [34]. But it appears from Somner, that at Christ Church, Canterbury, the _Lardyrer_ was the first or chief cook [35]; and thisofficer, as we have seen, was often an ecclesiastic. However, thegreat Houses had Cooks of different ranks [36]; and manors andchurches [37] were often given _ad cibum_ and _ad victum monachorum_

[38]. A fishing at Lambeth was allotted to that purpose [39]. 

But whether the Cooks were Monks or not, the _Magistri Coquinæ_, Kitcheners, of the monasteries, we may depend upon it, were alwaysmonks; and I think they were mostly ecclesiastics elsewhere: thuswhen Cardinal Otto, the Pope's legate, was at Oxford, A. 1238, andthat memorable fray happened between his retinue and the students, the _Magister Coquorum_ was the Legate's brother, and was therekilled [40]. The reason given in the author, why a person so nearlyallied to the Great Man was assigned to the office, is this, 'Neprocuraretur aliquid venenorum, quod nimis [i. E. Valde] timebatlegatus;' and it is certain that poisoning was but too much in voguein these times, both amongst the Italians and the good people of thisisland [41]; so that this was a post of signal trust and confidence. And indeed afterwards, a person was employed to _taste_, or _takethe assaie_, as it was called [42], both of the messes and the waterin the ewer [43], at great tables; but it may be doubted whether aparticular person was appointed to this service, or it was a branchof the _Sewer's_ and cup-bearer's duty, for I observe, the _Sewer_ issometimes called _Prægustator_ [44], and the cup-bearer tastes thewater elsewhere [45]. The religious houses, and their presidents, theabbots and priors, had their days of _Gala_, as likewise their hallsfor strangers, whom, when persons of rank, they often entertainedwith splendour and magnificence. And as for the secular clergy, archbishops and bishops, their feasts, of which we have some uponrecord [46], were so superb, that they might vie either with theregal entertainments, or the pontifical suppers of ancient Rome(which became even proverbial [47]), and certainly could not bedressed and set out without a large number of Cooks [48]. In short, the satirists of the times before, and about the time of, theReformation, are continually inveighing against the high-living ofthe bishops and clergy; indeed luxury was then carried to such anextravagant pitch amongst them, that archbishop Cranmer, A. 1541, found it necessary to bring the secular clergy under some reasonableregulation in regard to the furnishing of their tables, not exceptingeven his own [49]. 

After this historical deduction of the _Ars coquinaria_, which Ihave endeavoured to make as short as possible, it is time to saysomething of the Roll which is here given to the public, and themethods which the Editor has pursued in bringing it to light. 

This vellum Roll contains 196 _formulæ_, or recipes, and belongedonce to the earl of Oxford [50]. The late James West esquire boughtit at the Earl's sale, when a part of his MSS were disposed of; andon the death of the gentleman last mentioned it came into the handsof my highly-esteemed friend, the present liberal and mostcommunicative possessor. It is presumed to be one of the most ancientremains of the kind now in being, rising as high as the reign of king

Richard II. [51]. However, it is far the largest and most copiouscollection of any we have; I speak as to those times. To establishits authenticity, and even to stamp an additional value upon it, itis the identical Roll which was presented to queen Elizabeth, in the28th year of her reign, by lord Stafford's heir, as appears from thefollowing address, or inscription, at the end of it, in his ownhand writing:

 'Antiquum hoc monumentum oblatum et missum est majestati vestræ vicesimo septimo die mensis Julij, anno regni vestri fælicissimi vicesimo viij ab humilimo vestro subdito, vestræq majestati fidelissimo E. Stafford, Hæres domus subversæ Buckinghamiens. ' [52]

The general observations I have to make upon it are these: manyarticles, it seems, were in vogue in the fourteenth century, whichare now in a manner obsolete, as cranes, curlews, herons, seals [53], porpoises, &c. And, on the contrary, we feed on sundry fowls whichare not named either in the Roll, or the Editor's MS. [54] as quails, rails, teal, woodcocks, snipes, &c. Which can scarcely be numberedamong the _small birds_ mentioned 19. 62. 154. [55]. So as to fish, many species appear at our tables which are not found in the Roll, trouts, flounders, herrings, &c. [56]. It were easy and obvious todilate here on the variations of taste at different periods of time, and the reader would probably not dislike it; but so many otherparticulars demand our attention, that I shall content myself withobserving in general, that whereas a very able _Italian_ critic, _Latinus Latinius_, passed a sinister and unfavourable censure oncertain seemingly strange medlies, disgusting and preposterous messes, which we meet with in _Apicius_; Dr. _Lister_ very sensibly repliesto his strictures on that head, 'That these messes are notimmediately to be rejected, because they may be displeasing to some. _Plutarch_ testifies, that the ancients disliked _pepper_ and thesour juice of lemons, insomuch that for a long time they only usedthese in their wardrobes for the sake of their agreeable scent, andyet they are the most wholesome of all fruits. The natives of the_West Indies_ were no less averse to _salt_; and who would believethat _hops_ should ever have a place in our common beverage [57], andthat we should ever think of qualifying the sweetness of malt, through good housewifry, by mixing with it a substance so egregiouslybitter? Most of the _American_ fruits are exceedingly odoriferous, and therefore are very disgusting at first to us _Europeans_: on thecontrary, our fruits appear insipid to them, for want of odour. Thereare a thousand instances of things, would we recollect them all, which though disagreeable to taste are commonly assumed into ourviands; indeed, _custom_ alone reconciles and adopts sauces which areeven nauseous to the palate. _Latinus Latinius_ therefore veryrashly and absurdly blames _Apicius_, on account of certainpreparations which to him, forsooth, were disrelishing. ' [58] Inshort it is a known maxim, that _de gustibus non est disputandum_;

And so Horace to the same purpose:

 'Tres mihi convivæ prope dissentire videntur, Poscentes vario multum diversa palato. Quid dem? quid non dem? renuis tu quod jubet alter. Quod petis, id sane est invisum acidumque duobus. ' Hor. II. Epist. Ii. 

And our Roll sufficiently verifies the old observation ofMartial--_ingeniosa gula est_. 

[Addenda: after _ingeniosa gula est_, add, 'The _Italians_ now eatmany things which we think perfect carrion. _Ray_, Trav. P. 362. 406. The _French_ eat frogs and snails. The _Tartars_ feast on horse-flesh, the _Chinese_ on dogs, and meer _Savages_ eat every thing. _Goldsmith_, Hist. Of the Earth, &c. II. P. 347, 348. 395. III. P. 297. IV. P. 112. 121, &c. ']

Our Cooks again had great regard to the eye, as well as the taste, in their compositions; _flourishing_ and _strewing_ are not onlycommon, but even leaves of trees gilded, or silvered, are used forornamenting messes, see No. 175 [59]. As to colours, which perhapswould chiefly take place in suttleties, blood boiled and fried (whichseems to be something singular) was used for dying black, 13. 141. Saffron for yellow, and sanders for red [60]. Alkenet is also usedfor colouring [61], and mulberries [62]; amydon makes white, 68; andturnesole [63] _pownas_ there, but what this colour is the Editorprofesses not to know, unless it be intended for another kind ofyellow, and we should read _jownas_, for _jaulnas_, orange-tawney. Itwas for the purpose of gratifying the sight that _sotiltees_ wereintroduced at the more solemn feasts. Rabelais has comfits of anhundred colours. 

Cury, as was remarked above, was ever reckoned a branch of the ArtMedical; and here I add, that the verb _curare_ signifies equally todress victuals [64], as to cure a distemper; that every body hasheard of _Doctor Diet, kitchen physick_, &c. While a numerous band ofmedical authors have written _de cibis et alimentis_, and have alwaysclassed diet among the _non-naturals_; so they call them, but withwhat propriety they best know. Hence Junius '[Greek: Diaita] Græcisest victus, ac speciatim certa victus ratio, qualis a _Medicis_ adtuendam valetudinem præscribitur [65]. ' Our Cooks expressly tell us, in their proem, that their work was compiled 'by assent and avysementof maisters of phisik and of philosophie that dwelliid in his [theKing's] court' where _physik_ is used in the sense of medecine, _physicus_ being applied to persons prosessing the Art of Healinglong before the 14th century [66], as implying _such_ knowledge andskill in all kinds of natural substances, constituting the _materiamedica_, as was necessiary for them in practice. At the end of theEditor's MS. Is written this rhyme, Explicit coquina que est optima medicina [67]. 

There is much relative to eatables in the _Schola Salernitana_; andwe find it ordered, that a physcian should over-see the youngprince's wet-nurse at every meal, to inspect her meat and drink [68]. 

But after all the avysement of physicians and philosophers, ourprocesses do not appear by any means to be well calculated for thebenefit of recipients, but rather inimical to them. Many of them areso highly seasoned, are such strange and heterogeneous compositions, meer olios and gallimawfreys, that they seem removed as far aspossible from the intention of contributing to health; indeed themesses are so redundant and complex, that in regard to herbs, in No. 6, no less than ten are used, where we should now be content with twoor three: and so the sallad, No. 76, consists of no less than 14ingredients. The physicians appear only to have taken care thatnothing directly noxious was suffered to enter the forms. However, inthe Editor's MS. No. 11, there is a prescription for making a _colys_, I presume a _cullis_, or Invigorating broth; for which see Dodsley'sOld Plays, vol. II. 124. Vol. V. 148. Vol. VI. 355. And the severalplays mentioned in a note to the first mentioned passage in the Edit. 1780 [69]. 

I observe further, in regard to this point, that the quantities ofthings are seldom specified [70], but are too much left to the tasteand judgement of the cook, if he should happen to be rash andinconsiderate, or of a bad and undistinguishing taste, was capable ofdoing much harm to the guests, to invalids especially. 

Though the cooks at Rome, as has been already noted, were amongst thelowest slaves, yet it was not so more anciently; Sarah and Rebeccacook, and so do Patroclus and Automedon in the ninth Iliad. It wereto be wished indeed, that the Reader could be made acquainted withthe names of our _master-cooks_, but it is not in the power of theEditor to gratify him in that; this, however, he may be assured of, that as the Art was of consequence in the reign of Richard, a princerenowned and celebrated in the Roll [71], for the splendor andelegance of his table, they must have been persons of noinconsiderable rank: the king's first and second cooks are nowesquires by their office, and there is all the reason in the world tobelieve they were of equal dignity heretofore [72]. To say a word ofking _Richard_: he is said in the proeme to have been 'acounted thebest and ryallest vyaund [curioso in eating] of all esten kynges. 'This, however, must rest upon the testimony of our cooks, since itdoes not appear otherwise by the suffrage of history, that he wasparticularly remarkable for his niceness and delicacy in eating, likeHeliogabalus, whose favourite dishes are said to have been thetongues of peacocks and nightingales, and the brains of parrots andpheasants [73]; or like Sept. Geta, who, according to Jul. Capitolinus [74], was so curious, so whimsical, as to order thedishes at his dinners to consist of things which all began with thesame letters. Sardanapalus again as we have it in Athenæus [75], gavea _præmium_ to any one that invented and served him with some novelcate; and Sergius Orata built a house at the entrance of the Lucrinelake, purposely for the pleasure and convenience of eating theoysters perfectly fresh. Richard II is certainly not represented instory as resembling any such epicures, or capriccioso's, as these[76]. It may, however, be fairly presumed, that good living was notwanting among the luxuries of that effeminate and dissipated reign. 

[Addenda: after _ninth Iliad_, add, 'And Dr. _Shaw_ writes, p. 301, that even now in the East, the greatest prince is not ashamed tofetch a lamb from his herd and kill it, whilst the princess isimpatient till she hath prepared her fire and her kettle to dressit. ']

[Addenda: after _heretofore_ add, 'we have some good families inEngland of the name of _Cook_ or _Coke_. I know not what they maythink; but we may depend upon it, they all originally sprang fromreal and professional cooks; and they need not be ashamed of theirextraction, any more than the _Butlers_, _Parkers_, _Spencers_, &c. ']

My next observation is, that the messes both in the roll and theEditor's MS, are chiefly soups, potages, ragouts, hashes, and thelike hotche-potches; entire joints of meat being never _served_, andanimals, whether fish or fowl, seldom brought to table whole, buthacked and hewed, and cut in pieces or gobbets [77]; the mortar alsowas in great request, some messes being actually denominated from it, as _mortrews_, or _morterelys_ as in the Editor's MS. Now in thisstate of things, the general mode of eating must either have beenwith the spoon or the fingers; and this perhaps may have been thereason that spoons became an usual present from gossips to theirgod-children at christenings [78]; and that the bason and ewer, forwashing before and after dinner, was introduced, whence the _ewerer_was a great officer [79], and the _ewery_ is retained at Court tothis day [80]; we meet with _damaske water_ after dinner [81], Ipresume, perfumed; and the words _ewer_ &c. Plainly come from theSaxon eþe or French eau, _water_. 

Thus, to return, in that little anecdote relative to the Conquerorand William Fitz-Osbern, mentioned above, not the crane, but _theflesh of the crane_ is said to have been under-roasted. Table, orcase-knives, would be of little use at this time [82], and the art ofcarving so perfectly useless, as to be almost unknown. In about acentury afterwards, however, as appears from archbishop Neville'sentertainment, many articles were served whole, and lord Wylloughbywas the carver [83]. So that carving began now to be practised, andthe proper terms devised. Wynken de Worde printed a _Book ofKervinge_, A. 1508, wherein the said terms are registered [84]. 'Theuse of _forks_ at table, says Dr. Percy, did not prevail in Englandland till the reign of James I. As we learn from a remarkable passagein _Coryat_ [85]'; the passage is indeed curious, but too long to behere transcribed, where brevity is so much in view; wherefore I shallonly add, that forks are not now used in some parts of Spain [86]. But then it may be said, what becomes of the old English hospitalityin this case, the _roast-beef of Old England_, so much talked of? Ianswer, these bulky and magnificent dishes must have been the productof later reigns, perhaps of queen Elizabeth's time, since it is plainthat in the days of Rich. II. Our ancestors lived much after theFrench fashion. As to hospitality, the households of our Nobles wereimmense, officers, retainers, and servants, being entertained almostwithout number; but then, as appears from the Northumberland Book, and afterwards from the household establisliment of the prince ofWales, A. 1610, the individuals, or at least small parties, had their_quantum_, or ordinary, served out, where any good oeconomy was kept, apart to themselves [87]. Again, we find in our Roll, that greatquantities of the respective viands of the hashes, were often made atonce, as No. 17, _Take hennes or conynges_. 24, _Take hares_. 29, _Take pygges_. And 31, _Take gees_, &c. So that hospitality andplentiful housekeeping could just as well be maintained this way, asby the other of cumbrous unwieldy messes, as much as a man couldcarry. 

As the messes and sauces are so complex, and the ingredientsconsequently so various, it seems necessary that a word should bespoken concerning the principal of them, and such as are morefrequently employed, before we pass to our method of proceeding inthe publication. 

Butter is little used. 'Tis first mentioned No. 81, and occurs butrarely after [88]; 'tis found but once in the Editor's MS, where itis written _boter_. The usual substitutes for it are oil-olive andlard; the latter is frequently called _grees_, or _grece_, or_whitegrece_, as No. 18. 193. _Capons in Grease_ occur in Birch'sLife of Henry prince of Wales, p. 459, 460. And see Lye in Jun. Etym. V. _Greasie_. Bishop Patrick has a remarkable passage concerningthis article: 'Though we read of cheese in _Homer_, _Euripides_, _Theocritus_, and others, yet they never mention _butter_: nor hathAristotle a word of it, though he hath sundry observations aboutcheese; for butter was not a thing then known among the _Greeks_;though we see by this and many other places, it was an ancient foodamong the eastern people [89]. ' The Greeks, I presume, used oilinstead of it, and butter in some places of scripture is thought tomean only cream. [90]

Cheese. See the last article, and what is said of the old Britonsabove; as likewise our Glossary. 

Ale is applied, No. 113, et alibi; and often in the Ediitor's MS. As6, 7, &c. It is used instead of wine, No. 22, and sometimes alongwith bread in the Editor's MS. [91] Indeed it is a current opinionthat brewing with hops was not introduced here till the reign of kingHenry VIII. [92] _Bere_, however, is mentioned A. 1504. [93]

Wine is common, both red, and white, No. 21. 53. 37. This articlethey partly had of their own growth, [94] and partly by importationfrom France [95] and Greece [96]. They had also Rhenish [97], andprobably several other sorts. The _vynegreke_ is among the sweetwines in a MS of Mr. Astle. 

Rice. As this grain was but little, if at all, cultivated in England, it must have been brought from abroad. Whole or ground-rice entersinto a large number of our compositions, and _resmolle_, No. 96, is adirect preparation of it. 

Alkenet. _Anchusa_ is not only used for colouring, but also fried andyfoundred, 62. Yfondyt, 162. I. E. Dissolved, or ground. 'Tis thoughtto be a species of the _buglos_. 

Saffron. Saffrwm, Brit. Whence it appears, that this name ran throughmost languages. Mr. Weever informs us, that this excellent drug wasbrought hither in the time of Edward III. [98] and it may be true;but still no such quantity could be produced here in the next reignas to supply that very large consumption which we see made of it inour Roll, where it occurs not only as an ingredient in the processes, but also is used for colouring, for flourishing, or garnishing. Itmakes a yellow, No. 68, and was imported from Egypt, or Cilicia, orother parts of the Levant, where the Turks call it Safran, from theArabic Zapheran, whence the English, Italians, French, and Germans, have apparently borrowed their respective names of it. The Romanswere well acquainted with the drug, but did not use it much in thekitchen [99]. Pere Calmet says, the Hebrews were acquainted withanise, ginger, saffron, but no other spices [100]. 

Pynes. There is some difficulty in enucleating the meaning of thisword, though it occurs so often. It is joined with dates, No. 20. 52. With honey clarified, 63. With powder-fort, saffron, and salt, 161. With ground dates, raisins, good powder, and salt, 186. And lastlythey are fried, 38. Now the dish here is _morree_, which in theEditor's MS. 37, is made of mulberries (and no doubt has its namefrom them), and yet there are no mulberries in our dish, but pynes, and therefore I suspect, that mulberries and pynes are the same, andindeed this fruit has some resemblance to a pynecone. I conceive_pynnonade_, the dish, No. 51, to be so named from the pynes thereinemployed; and quære whether _pyner_ mentioned along with powder-fort, saffron, and salt, No. 155, as above in No. 161, should not be read_pynes_. But, after all, we have cones brought hither from Italy fullof nuts, or kernels, which upon roasting come out of their _capsulæ_, and are much eaten by the common people, and these perhaps may be thething intended. 

[Addenda: after _intended_. Add, 'See _Ray_, Trav. P. 283. 407. And_Wright's_ Trav. P. 112. ']

Honey was the great and universal sweetner in remote antiquity, andparticularly in this island, where it was the chief constituent of_mead_ and _metheglin_. It is said, that at this day in _Palestine_they use honey in the greatest part of their ragouts [101]. Our cookshad a method of clarifying it, No. 18. 41. Which was done by puttingit in a pot with whites of eggs and water, beating them well together;then setting it over the fire, and boiling it; and when it was readyto boil over to take it and cool it, No. 59. This I presume is called_clere honey_, No. 151. And, when honey was so much in use, itappears from Barnes that _refining_ it was a trade of itself [102]. 

Sugar, or Sugur [103], was now beginning here to take place of honey;however, they are used together, No. 67. Sugar came from the Indies, by way of Damascus and Aleppo, to Venice, Genoa, and Pisa, and fromthese last places to us [104]. It is here not only frequently used, but was of various sorts, as _cypre_, No. 41. 99. 120. Named probablyfrom the isle of Cyprus, whence it might either come directly to us, or where it had received some improvement by way of refining. Thereis mention of _blanch-powder or white sugar_, 132. They, however, were not the same, for see No. 193. Sugar was clarified sometimeswith wine [105]. 

Spices. _Species_. They are mentioned in general No. 133, and _wholespices_, 167, 168. But they are more commonly specified, and areindeed greatly used, though being imported from abroad, and from sofar as Italy or the Levant (and even there must be dear), some maywonder at this: but it shouid be considered, that our Roll waschiefly compiled for the use of noble and princely tables; and thesame may be said of the Editor's MS. The spices came from the samepart of the world, and by the same route, as sugar did. The _spicery_was an ancient department at court, and had its proper officers. 

As to the particular sorts, these are, Cinamon. _Canell_. 14. 191. _Canel_, Editor's MS. 10. _Kanell_, ibid. 32. Is the Italian _Canella_. See Chaucer. We have the flour orpowder, No. 20. 62. See Wiclif. It is not once mentioned in Apicius. 

Macys, 14. 121. Editor's MS. 10. _Maces_, 134. Editor's MS. 27. Theyare used whole, No. 158. And are always expressed plurally, though wenow use the singular, _mace_. See Junii Etym. 

Cloves. No. 20. Dishes are flourished with them, 22. 158. Editor's MS. 10. 27. Where we have _clowys gylofres_, as in our Roll, No. 104. _Powdour gylofre_ occurs 65. 191. Chaucer has _clowe_ in the singular, and see him v. Clove-gelofer. 

Galyngal, 30. And elsewhere. Galangal, the long rooted cyperus [106], is a warm cardiac and cephalic. It is used in powder, 30. 47. And wasthe chief ingredient in _galentine_, which, I think, took its namefrom it. 

Pepper. It appears from Pliny that this pungent, warm seasoning, somuch in esteem at Rome [107], came from the East Indies [108], and, as we may suppose, by way of Alexandria. We obtained it no doubt, inthe 14th century, from the same quarter, though not exactly by thesame route, but by Venice or Genoa. It is used both whole, No. 35, and in powder, No. 83. And long-pepper occurs, if we read the placerightly, in No. 191. 

Ginger, gyngyn. 64. 136. Alibi. Powder is used, 17. 20. Alibi. AndRabelais IV. C. 59. The white powder, 131. And it is the name of amess, 139. Quære whether _gyngyn_ is not misread for _gyngyr_, forsee Junii Etym. The Romans had their ginger from Troglodytica [109]. 

Cubebs, 64. 121. Are a warm spicy grain from the east. 

Grains of Paradice, or _de parys_, 137. [110] are the greatercardamoms. 

Noix muscadez, 191. Nutmegs. 

The caraway is once mentioned, No. 53. And was an exotic from _Caria_, whence, according to Mr. Lye, it took its name: 'sunt semina, inquit, _carri_ vel _carrei_, sic dicti a Caria, ubi copiosissimè nascitur[111]. '

Powder-douce, which occurs so often, has been thought by some, whohave just peeped into our Roll, to be the same as sugar, and only adifferent name for it; but they are plainly mistaken, as is evidentfrom 47. 51. 164. 165. Where they are mentioned together as differentthings. In short, I take powder-douce to be either powder ofgalyngal, for see Editor's MS II. 20. 24, or a compound made ofsundry aromatic spices ground or beaten small, and kept always readyat hand in some proper receptacle. It is otherwise termed _goodpowders_, 83. 130. And in Editor's MS 17. 37. 38 [112]. Or _powder_simply, No. 169, 170. _White powder-douce_ occurs No. 51, which seemsto be the same as blanch-powder, 132. 193. Called _blaynshe powder_, and bought ready prepared, in Northumb. Book, p. 19. It is sometimesused with powder-fort, 38. 156. For which see the next and lastarticle. 

Powder-fort, 10. 11. Seems to be a mixture likewise of the warmerspices, pepper, ginger, &c. Pulverized: hence we have _powder-fort ofgynger, other of canel_, 14. It is called _strong powder_, 22. Andperhaps may sometimes be intended by _good powders_. If you willsuppose it to be kept ready prepared by the vender, it may be the_powder-marchant_, 113. 118. Found joined in two places with powder-douce. This Speght says is what gingerbread is made of; but Skinnerdisapproves this explanation, yet, says Mr. Urry, gives none of hisown. 

After thus travelling through the most material and most usedingredients, the _spykenard de spayn_ occurring only once, I shallbeg leave to offer a few words on the nature, and in favour of thepresent publication, and the method employed in the prosecution of it. 

[Illustration: Take þe chese and of flessh of capouns, or of hennes& hakke smal and grynde hem smale inn a morter, take mylke ofalmandes with þe broth of freysh beef. Oþer freysh flessh, & put theflessh in þe mylke oþer in the broth and set hem to þe fyre, & alyehem with flour of ryse, or gastbon, or amydoun as chargeaunt as þeblank desire, & with zolks of ayren and safroun for to make hit zelow, and when it is dressit in dysshes with blank desires; styk aboueclowes de gilofre, & strawe powdour of galyugale above, and serue itforth. ]

The common language of the _formulæ_, though old and obsolete, asnaturally may be expected from the age of the MS, has no otherdifficulty in it but what may easily be overcome by a small degree ofpractice and application [113]: however, for the further illustrationof this matter, and the satisfaction of the curious, a _fac simile_of one of the recipes is represented in the annexed plate. If hereand there a hard and uncouth term or expression may occur, so as tostop or embarrass the less expert, pains have been taken to explainthem, either in the annotations under the text, or in the Index andGlossary, for we have given it both titles, as intending it shouldanswer the purpose of both [114]. Now in forming this alphabet, asit would have been an endless thing to have recourse to all ourglossaries, now so numerous, we have confined ourselves, exceptperhaps in some few instances, in which the authorities are alwaysmentioned, to certain contemporary writers, such as the Editor's MS, of which we shall speak more particularly hereafter, Chaucer, andWiclif; with whom we have associated Junius' Etymologicon Anglicanum. 

As the abbreviations of the Roll are here retained, in order toestablish and confirm the age of it, it has been thought proper toadopt the types which our printer had projected for Domesday-Book, with which we find that our characters very nearly coincide. 

The names of the dishes and sauces have occasioned the greatestperplexity. These are not only many in number, but are often sohorrid and barbarous, to our ears at least, as to be inveloped inseveral instances in almost impenetrable obscurity. Bishop Godwincomplains of this so long ago as 1616 [115]. The _Contents_ prefixedwill exhibit at once a most formidable list of these hideous namesand titles, so that there is no need to report them here. A few ofthese terms the Editor humbly hopes he has happily enucleated, butstill, notwithstanding all his labour and pains, the argument is initself so abstruse at this distance of time, the helps so few, andhis abilities in this line of knowledge and science so slender andconfined, that he fears he has left the far greater part of the taskfor the more sagacious reader to supply: indeed, he has not the leastdoubt, but other gentlemen of curiosity in such matters (and thispublication is intended for them alone) will be so happy as to clearup several difficulties, which appear now to him insuperable. It mustbe confessed again, that the Editor may probably have often failed inthose very points, which he fancies and flatters himself to haveelucidated, but this he is willing to leave to the candour of thepublic. 

Now in regard to the helps I mentioned; there is not much to belearnt from the Great Inthronization-feast of archbishop RobertWinchelsea, A. 1295, even if it were his; but I rather think itbelongs to archbishop William Warham, A. 1504 [116]. Some use, however, has been made of it. 

Ralph Bourne was installed abbot of St. Augustine's, near Canterbury, A. 1309; and William Thorne has inserted a list of provisions boughtfor the feast, with their prices, in his Chronicle [117]. 

The Great Feast at the Inthronization of George Nevile archbishop ofYork, 6 Edward IV. Is printed by Mr. Hearne [118], and has been ofgood service. 

Elizabeth, queen of king Henry VII. Was crowned A. 1487, and themesses at the dinner, in two courses, are registered in the lateedition of Leland's Collectenea, A. 1770 [119], and we have profitedthereby. 

The Lenten Inthronization-feast of archbishop William Warham, A. 1504[120], given us at large by Mr. Hearne [121], has been also consulted. 

There is a large catalogue of viands in Rabelais, lib. Iv. Cap. 59. 60. And the English translation of Mr. Ozell affording littleinformation, I had recourse to the French original, but not to muchmore advantage. 

There is also a Royal Feast at the wedding of the earl of Devonshire, in the Harleian Misc. No. 279, and it has not been neglected. 

Randle Holme, in his multifarious _Academy of Armory_, has analphabet of terms and dishes [122]; but though I have pressed himinto the service, he has not contributed much as to the moredifficult points. 

The Antiquarian Repertory, vol. II. P. 211, exhibits anentertainment of the mayor of Rochester, A. 1460; but there is littleto be learned from thence. The present work was printed before No. 31of the Antiquarian Repertory, wherein some ancient recipes in Cookeryare published, came to the Editor's hand. 

I must not omit my acknowledgments to my learned friend the presentdean of Carlisle, to whom I stand indebted for his useful notes onthe Northumberland-Household Book, as also for the book itself. 

Our chief assistance, however, has been drawn from a MS belonging tothe Editor, denoted, when cited, by the signature _MS. Ed. _ It is avellum miscellany in small quarto, and the part respecting thissubject consists of ninety-one English recipes (or _nyms_) in cookery. These are disposed into two parts, and are intituled, 'Hic incipiuntuniversa servicia tam de carnibus quam de pissibus. ' [123] The secondpart, relates to the dressing of fish, and other lenten fare, thoughforms are also there intermixed which properly belong to flesh-days. This leads me to observe, that both here, and in the Roll, messes aresometimes accommodated, by making the necessary alterations, both toflesh and fish-days. [124] Now, though the subjects of the MS arevarious, yet the hand-writing is uniform; and at the end of one ofthe tracts is added, 'Explicit massa Compoti, Anno Dñi M'lo CCC'mooctogesimo primo ipso die Felicis et Audacti. ' [125], i. E. 30 Aug. 1381, in the reign of Rich. II. The language and orthography accordperfectly well with this date, and the collection is consequentlycontemporary with our Roll, and was made chiefly, though notaltogether, for the use of great tables, as appears from the_sturgeon_, and the great quantity of venison therein prescribed for. 

As this MS is so often referred to in the annotations, glossary, and

evenin this preface, and is a compilation of the same date, on thesame subject, and in the same language, it has been thoughtadviseable to print it, and subjoin it to the Roll; and the rather, because it really furnishes a considerable enlargement on thesubject, and exhibits many forms unnoticed in the Roll. 

To conclude this tedious preliminary detail, though unquestionably amost necessary part of his duty, the Editor can scarcely forbearlaughing at himself, when he reflects on his past labours, and recollectsthose lines of the poet Martial;

 Turpe est difficiles habere nugas, Et stultus labor est ineptiarum. II. 86. 

and that possibly mesdames _Carter_ and _Raffald_, with twenty others, might have far better acquitted themselves in the administration ofthis province, than he has done. He has this comfort and satisfaction, however, that he has done his best; and that some considerablenames amongst the learned, Humelbergius, Torinus, Barthius, ourcountryman Dr. Lister, Almeloveen, and others, have bestowed no lesspains in illustrating an author on the same subject, and scarcely ofmore importance, the _Pseudo-Apicius_. 

[1] If, according to Petavius and Le Clerc, the world was created in autumn, when the fruits of the earth were both plentiful and in the highest perfection, the first man had little occasion for much culinary knowledge; roasting or boiling the cruder productions, with modes of preserving those which were better ripened, seem to be all that was necessary for him in the way of _Cury_, And even after he was displaced from Paradise, I conceive, as many others do, he was not permitted the use of animal food [Gen. I. 29. ]; but that this was indulged to us, by an enlargement of our charter, after the Flood, Gen. Ix, 3. But, without wading any further in the argument here, the reader is referred to Gen. Ii. 8. Seq. Iii. 17, seq. 23. 

 [Addenda: add 'vi. 22. Where _Noah_ and the beasts are to live on the same food. '][2] Genesis xviii. Xxvii. Though their best repasts, from the politeness of the times, were called by the simple names of _Bread_, or a _Morsel of bread_, yet they were not unacquainted with modes of dressing flesh, boiling, roasting, baking; nor with sauce, or seasoning, as salt and oil, and perhaps some aromatic herbs. Calmet v. Meats and Eating, and qu. Of honey and cream, ibid. [3] Athenæus, lib. Xii. Cap. 3. [4] Athenæus, lib. Xii. Cap. 3. Et Cafaubon. See also Lister ad Apicium, præf. P. Ix. Jungerm. Ad Jul. Polluccm, lib. Vi. C. 10. [5] See below. 'Tamen uterque [Torinus et Humelbergius] hæc scripta [i, e. Apicii] ad medicinam vendicarunt. ' Lister, præf. P. Iv. Viii. Ix. [6] Athenaæus, p. 519. 660. [7] Priv. Life of the Romans, p. 171. Lister's Præs, p. Iii, but Ter. An, i. 1. Casaub. Ad Jul. Capitolin. Cap. 5. [8] Casaub. Ad Capitolin. L. C. [9] Lister's Præs. P. Ii. Vi. Xii. [10] Fabric. Bibl. Lat. Tom. II. P. 794. Hence Dr. Bentley ad Hor. Ii. Ferm. 8. 29. Stiles it _Pseudapicius_. Vide Listerum, p. Iv. [11] Cæsar de B. G. V. § 10. [12] Strabo, lib. Iv. P. 200. Pegge's Essay on Coins of Cunob, p. 95. [13] Archæologia, iv. P. 61. Godwin, de Præsul. P. 596, seq. [14] Malmsb. P. 9. Galfr. Mon. Vi. 12. [15] Lister. Ad Apic. P. Xi. Where see more to the same purpose. [16] Spelm. Life of Ælfred, p. 66. Drake, Eboracum. Append, p. Civ. [17] Speed's History. [18] Mons. Mallet, cap. 12. [19] Wilkins, Concil. I. P. 204. Drake, Ebor. P. 316. Append, p. Civ. Cv. [20] Menage, Orig. V. Gourmand. [21] Lord Lyttelton, Hist. Of H. II. Vol. Iii. P. 49. [22] Harrison, Descript. Of Britain, p. 165, 166. [23] Stow, p. 102. 128. [24] Lord Lyttelton observes, that the Normans were delicate in their food, but without excess. Life of Hen. II. Vol. III. P. 47. [25] Dugd. Bar. I. P. 109. Henry II. Served to his son. Lord Lyttelton, IV. P. 298. [26] Godwin de Præsul. P. 695, renders _Carver_ by _Dapiser_, but this I cannot approve. See Thoroton. P. 23. 28. Dugd. Bar. I. P. 441. 620. 109. Lib. Nig. P. 342. Kennet, Par. Ant. P. 119. And, to name no more, Spelm. In voce. The _Carver_ was an officer inferior to the _Dapiser_, or _Steward_, and even under his control. Vide Lel. Collect. VI. P. 2. And yet I find Sir Walter Manny when young was carver to Philippa queen of king Edward III. Barnes Hist. Of E. III. P. 111. The _Steward_ had the name of _Dapiser_, I apprehend, from serving up the first dish. V. Supra. [27] Sim. Dunelm. Col. 227. Hoveden, p. 469. Malms. De Pont. P. 286. [28] Lib. Nig. Scaccarii, p. 347. [29] Fleta, II. Cap. 75. [30] Du Fresne, v. Magister. [31] Du Fresne, ibid. [32] Du Fresne, v. Coquus. The curious may compare this List with Lib. Nig. P. 347. [33] In Somner, Ant. Cant. Append. P. 36. They are under the _Magister Coquinæ_, whose office it was to purvey; and there again the chief cooks are proveditors; different usages might prevail at different times and places. But what is remarkable, the _Coquinarius_, or Kitchener, which seems to answer to _Magister Coquinæ_, is placed before the Cellarer in Tanner's Notitia, p. Xxx. But this may be accidental. [34] Du Fresne, v. Coquus. [35] Somner, Append. P. 36. [36] Somner, Ant. Cant. Append. P. 36. [37] Somner, p. 41. [38] Somner, p. 36, 37, 39, sæpius. [39] Somner, l. C. [40] M. Paris, p4. 69. [41] Dugd. Bar. I. P. 45. Stow, p. 184. M. Paris, p. 377. 517. M. 

 Westm. P. 364. [42] Lel. Collectan. VI. P. 7. Seq. [43] Ibid. P. 9. 13. [44] Compare Leland, p. 3. With Godwin de Præsul. P. 695. And so Junius in Etymol. V. Sewer. [45] Leland, p. 8, 9. There are now _two yeomen of the mouth_ in the king's household. [46] That of George Neville, archbishop of York, 6 Edw. IV. And that of William Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, A. D. 1504. These were both of them inthronization feasts. Leland, Collectan. VI. P. 2 and 16 of Appendix. They were wont _minuere sanguinem_ after these superb entertainments, p. 32. [47] Hor. II. Od. Xiv. 28. Where see Mons. Dacier. [48] Sixty-two were employed by archbishop Neville. And the hire of cooks at archbishop Warham's feast came to 23 l. 6 s. 8 d. [49] Strype, Life of Cranmer, p. 451, or Lel. Coll. Ut supra, p. 38. Sumptuary laws in regard to eating were not unknown in ancient Rome. Erasm. Colloq. P. 81. Ed. Schrev. Nor here formerly, see Lel. Coll. VI. P. 36. For 5 Ed. II. [50] I presume it may be the same Roll which Mr. Hearne mentions in his Lib. Nig. Scaccarii, I. P. 346. See also three different letters of his to the earl of Oxford, in the Brit. Mus. In the second of which he stiles the Roll _a piece of antiquity, and a very great rarity indeed_. Harl. MSS. No. 7523. [51] See the Proem. [52] This lord was grandson of Edward duke of Bucks, beheaded A. 1521, whose son Henry was restored in blood; and this Edward, the grandson, born about 1571, might be 14 or 15 years old when he presented the Roll to the Queen. [53] Mr. Topham's MS. Has _socas_ among the fish; and see archbishop Nevil's Feast, 6 E. IV. To be mentioned below. [54] Of which see an account below. [55] See Northumb. Book, p. 107, and Notes. [56] As to carps, they were unknown in England t. R. II. Fulier, Worth. In Sussex, p. 98. 113. Stow, Hist. 1038. [57] The Italians still call the hop _cattiva erba_. There was a petition against them t. H. VI. Fuller, Worth. P. 317, &c. Evelyn, Sylva, p. 201. 469. Ed. Hunter. [58] Lister, Præf. Ad Apicium, p. Xi. [59] So we have _lozengs of golde_. Lel. Collect. IV. P. 227. And a wild boar's head _gylt_, p. 294. A peacock with _gylt neb_. VI. P. 6. _Leche Lambart gylt_, ibid. [60] No. 68. 20. 58. See my friend Dr. Percy on the Northumberland- Book, p. 415. And MS Ed. 34. [61] No. 47. 51. 84. 

[62] No. 93. 132. MS Ed. 37. [63] Perhaps Turmerick. See ad loc. [64] Ter. Andr. I. 1. Where Donatus and Mad. Dacier explain it of Cooking. Mr. Hearne, in describing our Roll, see above, p. Xi, by an unaccountable mistake, read _Fary_ instead of _Cury_, the plain reading of the MS. [65] Junii Etym. V. Diet. [66] Reginaldus Phisicus. M. Paris, p. 410. 412. 573. 764. Et in Vit. P. 94. 103. Chaucer's _Medicus_ is a doctor of phisick, p. 4. V. Junii Etym. Voce Physician. For later times, v. J. Rossus, p. 93. [67] That of Donatus is modest 'Culina medicinæ famulacrix est. '[68] Lel. Collect. IV. P. 183. 'Diod. Siculus refert primos Ægypti Reges victum quotidianum omnino sumpsisse ex medicorum præscripto. ' Lister ad Apic. P. Ix. [69] See also Lylie's Euphues, p. 282. Cavendish, Life of Wolsey, p. 151, where we have _callis_, malè; Cole's and Lyttleton's Dict. And Junii Etymolog. V. Collice. [70] See however, No. 191, and Editor's MS II. 7. [71] Vide the proeme. [72] See above. [73] Univ. Hist. XV. P. 352. 'Æsopus pater linguas avium humana vocales lingua cænavit; filius margaritas. ' Lister ad Apicium, p. Vii. [74] Jul. Capitolinus, c. 5. [75] Athenæus, lib. Xii. C. 7. Something of the same kind is related of Heliogabalus, Lister Præf. Ad Apic. P. Vii. [76] To omit the paps of a pregnant sow, Hor. I. Ep. Xv. 40. Where see Mons. Dacier; Dr. Fuller relates, that the tongue of carps were accounted by the ancient Roman palate-men most delicious meat. Worth. In Sussex. See other instances of extravagant Roman luxury in Lister's Præf. To Apicius, p. Vii. [77] See, however, No. 33, 34, 35, 146. 

 [Addenda: add 'reflect on the Spanish _Olio_ or _Olla podrida_, and the French fricassée. '][78] The king, in Shakespeare, Hen. VIII. Act iv. Sc. 2. And 3. Calls the gifts of the sponsors, _spoons_. These were usually gilt, and, the figures of the apostles being in general carved on them, were called _apostle spoons_. See Mr. Steevens's note in Ed. 1778, vol. VII. P. 312, also Gent. Mag. 1768, p. 426. [79] Lel. Collect. IV. P. 328. VI. P. 2. [80] See Dr. Percy's curious notes on the Northumb. Book, p. 417. [81] Ibid. VI. P. 5. 18. [82] They were not very common at table among the Greeks. Casaub. Ad Athenæum, col. 278. But see Lel. Coll. VI. P. 7. [83] Leland, Collectan. VI. P. 2. Archbishop Warham also had his carver, ibid. P. 18. See also, IV. P. 236. 240. He was a great officer. Northumb. Book, p. 445. [84] Ames, Typ. Ant. P. 90. The terms may also be seen in Rand. Holme III. P. 78. [85] Dr. Percy, 1. C. [86] Thicknesse, Travels, p. , 260. [87] Dr. Birch, Life of Henry prince of Wales, p. 457. Seq. [88] No. 91, 92. 160. [89] Bishop Patrick on Genesis xviii. 8. [90] Calmer, v. Butter. So Judges iv, 19. Compared with v. 25. [91] Ib. No. 13, 14, 15. [92] Stow, Hist. P. 1038. [93] Lel. Coll. VI. P. 30. And see Dr. Percy on Northumb. Book, p. 414. [94] Archæologia, I. P. 319. Ill, p. 53. [95] Barrington's Observ. On Statutes, p. 209. 252. Edit. 3d. Archæolog. I. P. 330. Fitz-Stephen, p. 33. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 14. Northumb. Book, p. 6. And notes. [96] No. 20. 64. 99. [97] No. 99. [98] Fun. Mon. P. 624[99] Dr. Lister, Præf. Ad Apicium, p. Xii. [100] Calmet. Dict. V. Eating. [101] Calmet. Dict. V. Meats. [102] Barnes, Hist. Of E. III. P. 111. [103] No. 70, Editor's MS. 17. Alibi. [104] Moll, Geogr. II. P. 130. Harris, Coll. Of Voyages, I. P. 874. Ed. Campbell. [105] No. 20. 148. [106] Glossary to Chaucer. See the Northumb. Book, p. 415 and 19. Also Quincy's Dispens. And Brookes's Nat. Hist. Of Vegetables. [107] Lister, Præf. Ad Apicium, p. Xii. [108] Plinius, Nat. Hist. XII. Cap. 7. [109] Bochart. III. Col. 332. [110] See our Gloss. Voce Greynes. [111] Lye, in Junii Etymolog. [112] But see the next article. [113] Doing, hewing, hacking, grinding, kerving, &c. Are easily understood. [114] By combining the Index and Glossary together, we have had an opportunity of elucidating some terms more at large than could conveniently be done in the notes. We have also cast the Index to the Roll, and that to the Editor's MS, into one alphabet; distinguishing, however, the latter from the former. [115] Godwin de Præsul. P. 684. [116] In Dr. Drake's edition of archbishop Parker, p. Lxiii. It is given to archbishop Winchelsea: but see Mr. Battely's Append. To _Cantuaria Sacra_, p. 27. Or the Archæologia, I. P. 330. And Leland's Collectanea, VI. P. 30. Where it is again printed, and more at large, and ascribed to Warham. [117] Thorne, Chron. Inter X Script. Col. 2010. Or Lel. Collect. VI. P. 34. Ed. 1770. [118] Leland, Collect. VI. P. 2. See also Randle Holme, III. P. 77. Bishop Godwin de Præsul. P. 695. Ed. Richardson; where there are some considerable variations in the messes or services, and he and the Roll in Leland will correct one another. [119] Vol. IV. P. 226. [120] See first paragraph before. [121] Leland's Collect. VI. P. 16. [122] Holme, Acad. Of Armory, III. P. 81. [123] It is _pissibus_ again in the title to the Second Part. [124] No. 7. 84. Here No. 17. 35. 97. [125] In the common calendars of our missals and breviaries, the latter saint is called _Adauctus_, but in the Kalend. Roman. Of Joh. Fronto, Paris. 1652, p. 126, he is written _Audactus_, as here; and see Martyrolog. Bedæ, p. 414. 

THE

FORME OF CURY. 

. .. Fome [1] of cury [2] was compiled of the chef Maister Cokes ofkyng Richard the Secunde kyng of . Nglond [3] aftir the Conquest. Thewhich was acounted þe [4] best and ryallest vyand [5] of allecsten . Ynges [6] and it was compiled by assent and avysement ofMaisters and [7] phisik [8] and of philosophie þat dwellid in hiscourt. First it techiþ a man for to make commune potages and communemeetis for howshold as þey shold be made craftly and holsomly. Aftirward it techiþ for to make curious potages & meetes andsotiltees [9] for alle maner of States bothe hye and lowe. And thetechyng of the forme of making of potages & of meetes bothe of flesshand of fissh. Buth [10] y sette here by noumbre and by ordre. Sso þislittle table here sewyng [11] wole teche a man with oute taryyng: tofynde what meete þat hym lust for to have. 

 or [12] to make gronnden benes . . . . . I. For to make drawen benes. . . . . . . . . II. For to make grewel forced. . . . . . . . . III. Caboches in potage. . . . . . . . . . . . IIII. Rapes in potage . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Eowtes of Flessh. . . . . . . . . . . . . VI. Hebolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII. Gowrdes in potage . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII. Ryse of Flessh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX. Funges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X. Bursen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI. Corat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XII. Noumbles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII. Roobroth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIIII. Tredure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV. Mounchelet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVI. Bukkenade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVII. Connat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVIII. Drepee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIX. Mawmenee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. Egurdouce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI. Capouns in Conney . . . . . . . . . . . . XXII. Haares in talbotes. . . . . . . . . . . . XXIII. Haares in papdele . . . . . . . . . . . . XXIIII. Connynges in Cynee. . . . . . . . . . . . XXV. Connynges in gravey . . . . . . . . . . . XXVI. Chykens in gravey . . . . . . . . . . . . XXVII. Filetes in galyntyne. . . . . . . . . . . XXVIII. Pigges in sawse sawge . . . . . . . . . . XXIX. Sawse madame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXX. Gees in hoggepot. . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXI. Carnel of pork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXII. Chikens in Caudell. . . . . . . . . . . . XXXIII. Chikens in hocchee. . . . . . . . . . . . XXXIII. For to boyle Fesauntes, Partyches Capons and Curlewes . . . . . . . . . . . XXX. V. Blank manng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXVI. Blank Dessorre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXVII. Morree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXVIII. Charlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXIX. Charlot y forced. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. Cawdel ferry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. I. Iusshell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. III. [13] Iusshell enforced . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. IIII. Mortrews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. V. Blank mortrews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. VI. Brewet of almony. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. VII. Peions y stewed . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. VIII. Loseyns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. IX. Tartletes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. X. Pynnonade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XI. Rosee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XII. Cormarye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XIII. New noumbles of Deer. . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XIIII. Nota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XV. Nota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XVI. Ipynee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XVII. Chyryse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XVIII. Payn Foundewe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. II. XIX. Crotoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. Vyne grace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. I. Fonnell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. II. Douce ame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. III. Connynges in Cirypp . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. IIII. Leche lumbard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. V. Connynges in clere broth. . . . . . . . . XX. III. VI. Payn Ragoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. VII. Lete lardes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. VIII. Furmente with porpeys . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. IX. Perrey of Pesoun. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. X. Pesoun of Almayn. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XI. Chiches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XII. Frenche owtes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XIII. Makke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XIIII. Aquapates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XV. Salat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XVI. Fenkel in soppes. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XVII. Clat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XVIII. Appulmoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. III. XIX. Slete soppes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. Letelorye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. I. Sowpes Dorry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. II. Rapey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. III. Sause Sarzyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. IIII. Creme of almanndes. . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. V. Grewel of almandes. . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. VI. Cawdel of almandes mylk . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. VII. Iowtes of almannd mylk. . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. VIII. Fygey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. IX. Pochee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. X. Brewet of ayrenn. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XI. Macrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XII. Tostee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XIII. Gyndawdry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XIIII. Erbowle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XV. Resmolle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XVI. Vyannde Cipre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XVII. Vyannde Cipre of Samon. . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. XVIII. Vyannde Ryal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IIII. IX. Compost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Gelee of Fyssh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. I. Gelee of flessh . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. II. Chysanne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. III. Congur in sawce . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. IIII. Rygh in sawce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. V. Makerel in sawce. . . . . . . . . . . . . C. VI. Pykes in brasey . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. VII. Porpeys in broth. . . . . . . . . . . . . C. VIII. Ballok broth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. IX. Eles in brewet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. X Cawdel of Samoun. . . . . . . . . . . . . C. XI. Plays in Cynee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. XII. For to make Flaumpeyns. . . . . . . . . . C. XIII. For to make noumbles in lent. . . . . . . C. XIIII. For to make Chawdoun for lent . . . . . . C. XV. Furmente with porpays . . . . . . . . . . C. XVI. Fylettes in galyntyne . . . . . . . . . . C. XVII. Veel in buknade . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. XVIII. Sooles in Cyney . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. IX. Tenches in Cyney. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. Oysters in gravey . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. I muskels in brewet . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. II Oysters in Cyney. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. III. Cawdel of muskels . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. IIII. Mortrews of Fyssh . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. V laumpreys in galyntyne. . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. VI. Laumprouns in galyntyne . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. VII. Losyns in Fysshe day. . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. VIII. Sowpes in galyntyne . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. IX. Sobre sawse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. X. Colde Brewet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. XI. Peeres in confyt. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. XII. Egur douce of Fyssh . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. XIII. Cold Brewet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. XIIII. Pevorat for Veel and Venysoun . . . . . . XX. VI. XV. Sawce blaunche for Capouns y sode . . . . XX. VI. XVI. Sawce Noyre for Capons y rosted . . . . . XX. VI. XVII. Galentyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. XVIII. Gyngeuer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VI. XIX. Verde sawse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. Sawce Noyre for mallard . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. I. Cawdel for Gees . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. II. Chawdon for Swannes . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. III. Sawce Camelyne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. IIII. Lumbard Mustard . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. V. Nota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. VI. Nota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. VII. Frytour blaunched . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. VIII. Frytour of pasturnakes. . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. IX. 

 frytour of mylke. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. X. Frytour of Erbes. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XI. Raisiowls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XII. Whyte milates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XIII. Crustardes of flessh. . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XIIII. Mylates of Pork . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XV. Crustardes of Fyssh . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XVI. Crustardes of erbis on fyssh day. . . . . XX. VII. XVII. Lesshes fryed in lentoun. . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XVIII. Wastels y farced. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VII. XIX. Sawge y farced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. Sawgeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. I. Cryspes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. II. Cryspels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. III. Tartee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. IIII. Tart in Ymbre day . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. V. Tart de Bry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. VI. Tart de Brymlent. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. VII. Tartes of Flessh. . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. VIII. Tartletes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. IX. Tartes of Fyssh . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. X. Sambocade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XI. Erbolat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XII. Nysebek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XIII. For to make Pom Dorryes. & oþer þynges. . XX. VIII. XIIII. Cotagres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XV. Hart rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XVI. Potews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XVII. Sachus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XVIII. Bursews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. VIII. XIX. Spynoches y fryed . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. Benes y fryed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. I. Russhewses of Fruyt . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. II. Daryols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. III. Flaumpens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. IIII. Chewetes on flessh day. . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. V. Chewetes on fyssh day . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. VI. Hastletes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. XI. VII. Comadore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. VIII. Chastletes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. IX. For to make twey pecys of Flesshe to fasten to gydre. . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. X. Pur fait y pocras . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. XI. For to make blank maunnger. . . . . . . . XX. IX. XII. For to make Blank Desire. . . . . . . . . XX. IX. XIII. For to make mawmoune. . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. XIIII. The pety peruaunt . . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. XV. And the pete puant. . . . . . . . . . . . XX. IX. XVI. 

XPLICIT TABULA. 

[1] This is a kind of Preamble to the Roll. A space is left for the initial word, intended to be afterwards written in red ink, and presumed to be Ðis. _Fome_, the _lineola_ over it being either casually omitted, or since obliterated, means _form_, written Foume below, and in No. 195. [2] Cury. Cookery. We have adopted it in the Title. V. Preface. [3] ynglond. _E_ was intended to be prefixed in red ink. Vide Note [1] and [6]. [4] þ. This Saxon letter with the power of _th_, is used almost perpetually in our Roll and the Editor's Ms. Every one may not have adverted to it; but this character is the ground of our present abbreviations y'e the, y't that, y's this, &c. The y in these cases being evidently only an altered and more modern way of writing þ. [5] vyaund. This word is to be understood in the concrete, _quasi_ vyander, a curious epicure, an _Apicius_. V. Preface. [6] csten ynges. Christian kings. _K_ being to be inserted afterwards (v. Note [1] and [3]) in red ink. Chaucer, v. Christen. [7] and. Read _of_. [8] Phisik. V. Preface. [9] Sotiltees. Devices in paste, wax, and confectionary ware; reviving now, in some measure, in our grander deserts. V. Index. [10] buth. _Be_, or _are_. V. Index. [11] sewing. Following; from the French. Hence our _ensue_ written formerly _ensew_. Skelton, p. 144; and _ensiew_, Ames Typ. Ant. P. 9. [12] F is omitted for the reason given in note 1. [13] No. XX. II. II. Is omitted. 

FOR TO MAKE GRONDEN BENES [1]. I. 

Take benes and dry hem in a nost [2] or in an Ovene and hulle hemwele and wyndewe [3] out þe hulk and wayshe hem clene an do hem toseeþ in gode broth [4] an ete hem with Bacon. 

[1] Gronden Benes. Beans ground (y ground, as No. 27. 53. 105. ) stript of their hulls. This was a dish of the poorer householder, as also is 4 and 5, and some others. [2] a nost. An ost, or kiln. Vide Gloss. _voce_ Ost. [3] wyndewe. Winnow. [4] gode broth. Prepared beforehand. 

FOR TO MAKE DRAWEN BENES. II. 

Take benes and seeþ hem and grynde hem in a morter [1] and drawe hemup [2] with gode broth an do Oynouns in the broth grete mynced [3] ando þerto and colour it with Safroun and serve it forth. 

[1] morter. Mortar. [2] Footnote f: drawen hem up. Mix them. [3] Footnote g: grete mynced. Grossly, not too small. 

FOR TO MAKE GREWEL FORCED [1]. III. 

Take grewel and do to the fyre with gode flessh and seeþ it wel. Takethe lire [2] of Pork and grynd it smal [3] and drawe the grewelthurgh a Straynour [4] and colour it wiþ Safroun and serue [5] forth. 

[1] forced, farced, enriched with flesh. Vide Gloss. [2] lire. Flesh. [3] grynd it smal. Bruise or beat in a mortar. [4] stryno'. Strainer. [5] serue. Serve. Vide Gloss. 

CABOCHES [1] IN POTAGE. IIII. 

Take Caboches and quarter hem and seeth hem in gode broth withOynouns y mynced and the whyte of Lekes y slyt and corue smale [2]and do þer to safroun an salt and force it with powdour douce [3]. 

[1] Caboches. Probably cabbages. [2] corue smale. Cut small. V. _i corue_ in Gloss. [3] powdour douce. Sweet aromatic powder. V. Pref. 

RAPES [1] IN POTAGE. V. 

Take rapus and make hem clene and waissh hem clene. Quare hem [2]. Parboile hem. Take hem up. Cast hem in a gode broth and seeþ hem. Mynce Oynouns and cast þerto Safroun and salt and messe it forthwith powdour douce. The wise [3] make of Pasturnakes [4] andskyrwates. [5]

[1] Rapes, or rapus. Turneps. [2] quare hem. Cut them in _squares_, or small pieces. V. Gloss. [3] in the wise, _i. E. _ in the same manner. _Self_ or _same_, seems to be casually omitted. Vide No. 11 and 122. [4] Pasturnakes, for parsnips or carrots. V. Gloss. [5] skyrwates, for skirrits or skirwicks. 

EOWTES [1] OF FLESSH. VI. 

Take Borage, cool [2]. Langdebef [3]. Persel [4]. Betes. Orage [5]. Auance [6]. Violet [7]. Saueray [8]. And fenkel [9]. And whane þeybuth sode; presse hem wel smale. Cast hem in gode broth an seeþ hem. And serue hem forth. 

[1] Eowtes. _Lowtes_, No. 88, where, in the process, it is _Rowtes_. Quære the meaning, as Roots does not apply to the matter of the Recipe. In No. 73 it is written _owtes_. [2] Cole, or colewort. [3] Langdebef. Bugloss, buglossum sylvestre. These names all arise from a similitude to an ox's tongue. V. Ms. Ed. No. 43. [4] Persel. Parsley. [5] orage. Orach, _Atriplex_. Miller, Gard. Dict. [6] auance. Fortè Avens. V. Avens, in Gloss. [7] The leaves probably, and not the flower. [8] Savory. [9] Fenkel. Fennil. 

HEBOLACE [1]. VII. 

Take Oynouns and erbes and hewe hem small and do þes to gode broth. And aray [2] it as þou didest caboches. If þey be in fyssh day. Make[3] on the same maner [4] with water and oyle. And if it be not inLent alye [5] it with zolkes of Eyren [6]. And dresse it forth andcast þer to powdour douce. 

[1] Hebolace. Contents, Hebolas; for _Herbolas_, from the herbs used; or, if the first letter be omitted (see the Contents), _Chebolas_, from the Chibols employed. [2] aray. Dress, set it out. [3] make. Dress. Vide Gloss. [4] maner. Manner. [5] alye. Mix. V. Gloss. [6] Eyren. Eggs. V. Gloss. 

GOURDES IN POTAGE. VIII. 

Take young Gowrdes pare hem and kerue [1] hem on pecys. Cast hem ingode broth, and do þer to a gode pertye [2] of Oynouns mynced. TakePork soden. Grynd it and alye it þer with and wiþ zolkes of ayrenn. Do þer to safroun and salt, and messe it forth with powdour douce. 

[1] kerve. Cut. [2] partye. Party, i. E. Quantity. 

RYSE [1] OF FLESH. IX. 

Take Ryse and waishe hem clene. And do hem in erthen pot with gode

broth and lat hem seeþ wel. Afterward take Almaund mylke [2] and doþer to. And colour it wiþ safroun an salt, an messe forth. 

[1] Ryse. Rice. V. Gloss. [2] Almand mylke. V. Gloss. 

FUNGES [1]. X. 

Take Funges and pare hem clere and dyce hem [2]. Take leke and shredhym small and do hym to seeþ in gode broth. Colour it with safron anddo þer inne powdour fort [3]. 

[1] Funges. Mushrooms. [2] dyce hem. Cut them in squares. Vide _quare_ in Gloss. [3] Powdour fort. Vide Preface. 

BURSEN [1]. XI. 

Take the whyte of Lekes. Slype hem and shrede hem small. TakeNoumbles [2] of swyne and boyle hem in broth and wyne. Take hym upand dresse hem and do the Leke in the broth. Seeþ and do the Noumblesþer to make a Lyour [3] of brode blode and vynegre and do þer toPowdour fort seeþ Oynouns mynce hem and do þer to. The self wise makeof Pigges. 

[1] Bursen. Qu. The etymon. [2] Noumbles. Entrails. V. Gloss. [3] Lyo', Lyour. A mixture. Vide _alye_ in Gloss. 

CORAT [1]. XII. 

Take the Noumbles of Calf. Swyne. Or of Shepe. Parboile hem andskerne hem to dyce [2] cast hem in gode broth and do þer to erbes. Grynde chyballes [3]. Smale y hewe. Seeþ it tendre and lye it withzolkes of eyrenn. Do þer to verious [4] safroun powdour douce andsalt, and serue it forth. 

[1] Corat. Qu. [2] kerve hem to dyce. V. _quare_ in Gloss. [3] Chyballes. Chibols, young onions. V. Gloss. [4] verious. Verjuice. 

NOUMBLES. XIII. 

Take noumbles of Deer oþer [1] of oþer beest parboile hem kerf hem todyce. Take the self broth or better. Take brede and grynde with thebroth. And temper it [2] up with a gode quantite of vyneger and wyne. Take the oynouns and parboyle hem. And mynce hem smale and do þer to. Colour it with blode and do þer to powdour fort and salt and boyle itwele and serue it fort [3]. 

[1] oþer. Other, i. E. Or. [2] temper it. Temper it, i. E. Mix it. [3] fort. Miswritten for _forth_. So again No. 31. 127. 

ROO [1] BROTH. XIIII. 

Take the lire of the Deer oþer of the Roo parboile it on smale peces. Seeþ it wel half in water and half in wyne. Take brede and bray itwiþ the self broth and drawe blode þer to and lat it seeth to gedrewith powdour fort of gynger oþer of canell [2]. And macys [3]. With agrete porcioun of vineger with Raysouns of Coraunte [4]. 

[1] Roo. Roe. The Recipe in Ms. Ed. No. 53. Is very different. [2] Canell. Cinnamon. [3] macys. Mace. V. Preface and Gloss. [4] Raysouns of Coraunte. Currants. V. Gloss. 

TREDURE [1]. XV. 

Take Brede and grate it. Make a lyre [2] of rawe ayrenn and do þertoSafroun and powdour douce. And lye it up [3] with gode broth. Andmake it as a Cawdel. And do þerto a lytel verious. 

[1] Tredure. A Cawdle; but quære the etymon. The French _tres dure_ does not seem to answer. [2] lyre. Mixture. [3] lye it up. Mix it. 

MONCHELET [1]. XVI. 

Take Veel oþer Moton and smite it to gobettes seeþ it in gode broth. Cast þerto erbes yhewe [2] gode wyne. And a quantite of Oynounsmynced. Powdour fort and Safroun. And alye it with ayren and verious. But lat not seeþ after. 

[1] Monchelet. _Mounchelet_, Contents. [2] y hewe. Shred. 

BUKKENADE [1]. XVII. 

Take Hennes [2] oþer Conynges [3] oþer Veel oþer oþer Flessh an hewehem to gobettes waische it and hit well [4]. Grynde Almandesunblaunched. And drawe hem up with þe broth cast þer inne raysons ofCorance. Sugur. Powdour gyngur erbes ystewed in grees [5]. Oynounsand Salt. If it is to to [6] thynne. Alye it up with flour of ryseoþer with oþer thyng and colour it with Safroun. 

[1] Bukkenade. Vide No. 118. Qu. [2] Hennes; including, I suppose, chicken and pullets. [3] Conynges. Coneys, Rabbits. [4] hit well. This makes no sense, unless _hit_ signifies smite or beat. [5] Grees. Fat, lard, _grece_. No. 19. [6] to to. So again, No. 124. To is _too_, v. Gloss. And _too_ is found doubled in this manner in _Mirrour for Magistrates_, p. 277. 371, and other authors. 

CONNATES [1]. XVIII. 

Take Connes and pare hem. Pyke out the best and do hem in a pot oferthe. Do þerto whyte grece þat he stewe þer inne. And lye hem upwith hony clarified and with rawe zolkes [2] and with a lytellalmaund mylke and do þerinne powdour fort and Safron. And loke þat itbe yleesshed [3], [1] Connat seems to be a kind of marmalade of connes, or quinces, from Fr. _Coing_. Chaucer, v. Coines. Written quinces No. 30. [2] Yolkes, i. E. Of Eggs. [3] yleesshed. V. Gloss. 

DREPEE [1]. XIX. 

Take blanched Almandes grynde hem and temper hem up with gode brothtake Oynouns a grete quantite parboyle hem and frye hem and do þerto. Take smale bryddes [2] parboyle hem and do þerto Pellydore [3] andsalt. And a lytel grece. 

[1] Drepee. Qu. [2] bryddes. Birds. _Per metathesin; v. R. In Indice_. [3] Pellydore. Perhaps _pellitory_. _Peletour_, 104. 

Mawmenee [1]. XX. 

Take a pottel of wyne greke. And ii. Pounde of sugur take andclarifye the sugur with a qantite of wyne an drawe it thurgh astraynour in to a pot of erthe take flour of Canell [2]. And medle [3]with sum of the wyne an cast to gydre. Take pynes [4] with Dates andfrye hem a litell in grece oþer in oyle and cast hem to gydre. Takeclowes [5] an flour of canel hool [6] and cast þerto. Take powdourgyngur. Canel. Clower, colour it with saundres a lytel yf hit be nedecast salt þerto. And lat it seeþ; warly [7] with a slowe fyre and notto thyk [8], take brawn [9] of Capouns yteysed [10]. Oþer ofFesauntes teysed small and cast þerto. 

[1] Vide No. 194, where it is called _Mawmenny_. [2] Flour of Canell. Powder of Cinamon. [3] medle. Mix. [4] pynes. A nut, or fruit. Vide Gloss. [5] clowes. Cloves. [6] hool. Whole. How can it be the flour, or powder, if whole? Quære, _flower_ of cand for _mace_. [7] warly. Warily, gently. [8] not to thyk. So as to be too thick; or perhaps, _not to thicken_. [9] brawn. Fleshy part. Few Capons are cut now except about Darking in Surry; they have been excluded by the turkey, a more magnificent, but perhaps not a better fowl. 

[10] yteysed, or _teysed_, as afterwards. Pulled in pieces by the fingers, called _teezing_ No. 36. This is done now with flesh of turkeys, and thought better than mincing. Vide Junius, voce _Tease_. 

EGURDOUCE [1]. XXI. 

Take Conynges or Kydde and smyte hem on pecys rawe. And frye hem inwhite grece. Take raysouns of Coraunce and fry hem take oynounsparboile hem and hewe hem small and fry hem. Take rede wyne sugerwith powdour of peper. Of gynger of canel. Salt. And cast þerto. Andlat it seeþ with a gode quantite of white grece an serue it forth. 

[1] Egurdouce. The term expresses _piccante dolce_, a mixture of sour and sweet; but there is nothing of the former in the composition. Vide Gloss. 

CAPOUNS IN COUNCYS [1]. XXII. 

Take Capons and rost hem right hoot þat þey be not half y nouhz andhewe hem to gobettes and cast hem in a pot, do þerto clene broth, seeþ hem þat þey be tendre. Take brede and þe self broth and drawe itup yferer [2], take strong Powdour and Safroun and Salt and cast þerto. Take ayrenn and seeþ hem harde. Take out the zolkes and hewe thewhyte þerinne, take the Pot fro þe fyre and cast the whyte þerinne. Messe the disshes þerwith and lay the zolkes hool and flour it withclowes. 

[1] Concys seems to be a kind of known sauce. V. Gloss. [2] yfere. Together. 

HARES [1] IN TALBOTES [2]. XXIII. 

Take Hares and hewe hem to gobettes and seeþ hem with þe blodeunwaisshed in broth. And whan þey buth y nowh: cast hem in coldewater. Pyke and waisshe hem clene. Cole [3] the broth and drawe itthurgh a straynour. Take oþer blode and cast in boylyng water seeþ itand drawe it thurgh a straynour. Take Almaundes unblaunched. Waisshehem and grynde hem and temper it up with the self broth. Cast al in apot. Tak oynouns and parboile hem smyte hem small and cast hem in toþis Pot. Cast þerinne Powdour fort. Vynegur an salt. 

[1] Haares, Contents. So again, No. 24. [2] Talbotes. Ms. Ed. No. 9, _Talbotays_. [3] Cole. Cool. 

HARES IN PAPDELE [1]. XXIIII. 

Take Hares parboile hem in gode broth. Cole the broth and waisshe thefleyssh. Cast azeyn [2] to gydre. Take obleys [3] oþer wafrouns [4]in stede of lozeyns [5]. And cowche [6] in dysshes. Take powdourdouce and lay on salt the broth and lay onoward [7] an messe forth. 

[1] Papdele. Qu. [2] azeyn. Again. [3] obleys, called _oblatæ_; for which see Hearne ad Lib. Nig. I. P. 344. A kind of Wafer, otherwise called _Nebulæ_; and is the French _oublie, oble_. Leland, Collect. IV. P. 190. 327. [4] wafrouns. Wafers. [5] loseyns. Vide Gloss. [6] cowche. Lay. [7] onoward. Upon it. 

CONNYNGES IN CYNEE [1]. XXV. 

Take Connynges and smyte hem on peces. And seeþ hem in gode broth, mynce Oynouns and seeþ hem in grece and in gode broth do þerto. Drawea lyre of brede. Blode. Vynegur and broth do þerto with powdour fort. 

[1] Cynee. Vide Gloss. 

CONNYNGES IN GRAUEY. XXVI. 

Take Connynges smyte hem to pecys. Parboile hem and drawe hem with agode broth with almandes blanched and brayed. Do þerinne sugur andpowdour gynger and boyle it and the flessh þerwith. Flour it withsugur and with powdour gynger an serue forth. 

CHYKENS IN GRAVEY. XXVII. 

Take Chykens and serue hem the same manere and serue forth. 

FYLETTES [1] OF GALYNTYNE [2]. XXVIII. 

Take fylettes of Pork and rost hem half ynowh smyte hem on pecys. Drawe a lyour of brede and blode. And broth and Vineger. And doþerinne. Seeþ it wele. And do þerinne powdour an salt an messe itforth. 

[1] Fylettes. Fillets. [2] of Galyntyne. In Galyntyne. Contents, _rectlus_. As for _Galentine_, see the Gloss. 

PYGGES IN SAWSE SAWGE [1]. XXIX. 

Take Pigges yskaldid and quarter hem and seeþ hem in water and salt, take hem and lat hem kele [2]. Take persel sawge. And grynde it withbrede and zolkes of ayrenn harde ysode. Temper it up with vyneger sumwhat thyk. And, lay the Pygges in a vessell. And the sewe onoward andserue it forth. 

[1] Sawge. Sage. As several of them are to be used, these pigs must have been small. [2] kele. Cool. 

SAWSE MADAME. XXX. 

Take sawge. Persel. Ysope. And saueray. Quinces. And peeres [1], garlek and Grapes. And fylle the gees þerwith. And sowe the hole þatno grece come out. And roost hem wel. And kepe the grece þat fallithþerof. Take galytyne and grece and do in a possynet, whan the geesbuth rosted ynowh; take an smyte hem on pecys. And þat tat [2] iswithinne and do it in a possynet and put þerinne wyne if it be tothyk. Do þerto powdour of galyngale. Powdour douce and salt and boylethe sawse and dresse þe Gees in disshes and lay þe sowe onoward. 

[1] Peares. Pears. [2] that tat, i. E. That that. Vide Gloss. 

GEES IN HOGGEPOT [1]. XXXI. 

Take Gees and smyte hem on pecys. Cast hem in a Pot do þerto halfwyne and half water. And do þerto a gode quantite of Oynouns anderbest. Set it ouere the fyre and couere [2] it fast. Make a layourof brede and blode an lay it þerwith. Do þerto powdour fort and serueit fort. 

[1] Hoggepot. Hodge-podge. _Ochepot_. Ms. Ed. No. 22. French, _Hochepot_. Cotgrave. See Junii Enym. V. _Hotch-potch_. [2] couere. Cover. 

CARNEL [1] OF PORK. XXXII. 

Take the brawnn of Swyne. Parboile it and grynde it smale and alay itup with zolkes of ayren. Set it ouere [2] the fyre with white Greceand lat it not seeþ to fast. Do þerinne Safroun an powdour fort andmesse it forth. And cast þerinne powdour douce, and serue it forth. 

[1] Carnel, perhaps _Charnel_, from Fr. _Chaire_. [2] ouere. Over. So again, No. 33. 

CHYKENNS [1] IN CAWDEL. XXXIII. 

Take Chikenns and boile hem in gode broth and ramme [2] hem up. þennetake zolkes of ayrenn an þe broth and alye it togedre. Do þertopowdour of gynger and sugur ynowh safroun and salt. And set it ouerethe fyre withoute boyllyng. And serue the Chykenns hole [3] oþerybroke and lay þe sowe onoward. 

[1] Chikens. Contents. So again in the next Recipe. [2] ramme. Qu. Press them close together. [3] hole. Whole. 

CHYKENS IN HOCCHEE [1]. XXXIIII. 

Take Chykenns and scald hem. Take parsel and sawge withoute eny oþereerbes. Take garlec an grapes and stoppe the Chikenns ful and seeþ hemin gode broth. So þat þey may esely be boyled þerinne. Messe hem ancast þerto powdour dowce. 

[1] Hochee. This does not at all answer to the French _Hachis_, or our _Hash_; therefore qu. 

FOR TO BOILE FESAUNTES. PARTRUCHES. CAPONS AND CURLEWES. XXXV. 

Take gode broth and do þerto the Fowle. And do þerto hool peper andflour of canel a gode quantite and lat hem seeþ þwith. And messe itforth. And þer cast þeron Podour dowce. 

BLANK MAUNGER [1]. XXXVI. 

Take Capouns and seeþ hem, þenne take hem up. Take Almandes blaunched. Grynd hem and alay hem up with the same broth. Cast the mylk in a pot. Waisshe rys and do þerto and lat it seeþ. þanne take brawn of Capounsteere it small and do þerto. Take white grece sugur and salt and castþerinne. Lat it seeþ. þenne messe it forth and florissh it with aneysin confyt rede oþer whyt. And with Almaundes fryed in oyle. And serueit forth. 

[1] Blank Maunger. Very different from ours. Vide Gloss. 

BLANK DESSORRE [1]. XXXVII. 

Take Almandes blaunched, grynde hem and temper hem up with whyte wyne, on fleissh day with broth. And cast þerinne flour of Rys. Oþeramydoun [2], and lye it þerwith. Take brawn of Capouns yground. Takesugur and salt and cast þerto and florissh it with aneys whyte. Takea vessel yholes [3] and put in safroun. And serue it forth. 

[1] Blank Dessorre. V. Gloss. [2] Amydoun. "Fine wheat flour steeped in water, strained and let stand to settle, then drained and dried in the sun; used for bread or in broths. " Cotgrave. Used in No. 68 for colouring white. [3] yholes. Quære. 

MORREE [1]. XXXVIII. 

Take Almandes blaunched, waisshe hem. Grynde hem. And temper hem upwith rede wyne, and alye hem with flour of Rys. Do þerto Pynes yfryed. And colour it with saundres. Do þerto powdour fort and powdour douce

and salt, messe it forth and flour it [2] with aneys confyt whyte. 

[1] Morree. Ms. Ed. 37. _murrey_. Ibid. II. 26. _morrey_; probably from the mulberries used therein. [2] flour it. Flourish it. 

CHARLET [1]. XXXIX. 

Take Pork and seeþ it wel. Hewe it smale. Cast it in a panne. Brekeayrenn and do þerto and swyng [2] it wel togyder. Do þerto Cowe mylkeand Safroun and boile it togyder. Salt it & messe it forth. 

[1] Charlet; probably from the French, _chair_. Qu. Minced Meat, and the next article, Forced Meat. [2] swyng. Shake, mix. 

CHARLET YFORCED. XX. II. 

Take mylke and seeþ it, and swyng þerwith zolkes of Ayrenn and doþerto. And powdour of gynger suger. And Safroun and cast þerto. Takethe Charlet out of the broth and messe it in dysshes, lay the seweonoward. Flour it with powdour douce. And serue it forth. 

CAWDEL FERRY [1]. XX. II. I. 

Take flour of Payndemayn [2] and gode wyne. And drawe it togydre. Doþerto a grete quantite of Sugur cypre. Or hony clarified, and doþerto safroun. Boile it. And whan it is boiled, alye it up withzolkes of ayrenn. And do þerto salt and messe it forth. And lay þeronsugur and powdour gyngur. 

[1] ferry. Quære. We have _Carpe in Ferry_, Lel. Coll. VI. P. 21. [2] Payndemayn. White bread. Chaucer. 

JUSSHELL [1]. XX. II. III. 

Take brede ygrated and ayrenn and swyng it togydre. Do þerto safroun, sawge. And salt. & cast broth. þerto. Boile it & messe it forth. 

[1] Jusshell. See also next number. _Jussell_, Ms. Ed. 21, where the Recipe is much the same. Lat. _Juscellam_, which occurs in the old scholiast on Juvenal iv. 23; and in Apicius, v. 3. Vide Du Fresne, v. _Jusselium_ and _Juscellum_, where the composition consists of _vinum_, _ova_, and _sagmea_, very different from this. Faber in Thesauro cites _Juscellum Gallinæ_ from Theod. Priscianus. 

N. B. No. XX. II. II. Is omitted both here and in the Contents. 

JUSSHELL ENFORCED [1]. XX. II. IIII. 

Take and do þerto as to charlet yforced. And serue it forth. 

[1] Jusshell enforced. As the _Charlet yforced_ here referred to was made of pork, compare No. 40 with No. 39. So in Theod. Priscian we have _Jussetlum Gallinæ_. 

MORTREWS [1]. XX. II. V. 

Take hennes and Pork and seeþ hem togyder. Take the lyre of Hennesand of the Pork, and hewe it small and grinde it all to doust [2]. Take brede ygrated and do þerto, and temper it with the self brothand alye it with zolkes of ayrenn, and cast þeron powdour fort, boileit and do þerin powdour of gyngur sugur. Safroun and salt. And lokeþer it be stondyng [3], and flour it with powdour gynger. 

[1] Mortrews. Vide Gloss. [2] doust. Dust, powder. [3] stondyng. Stiff, thick. 

MORTREWS BLANK. XX. II. VI. 

Take Pork and Hennes and seeþ hem as to fore. Bray almandes blaunched, and temper hem up with the self broth. And alye the fleissh with themylke and white flour of Rys. And boile it. & do þerin powdour ofgyngur sugar and look þat it be stondyng. 

BREWET OF ALMONY [1]. XX. II. VII. 

Take Conynges or kiddes and hewe hem small on moscels [2] oþer onpecys. Parboile hem with the same broth, drawe an almaunde mylke anddo the fleissh þerwith, cast þerto powdour galyngale & of gynger withflour of Rys. And colour it wiþ alkenet. Boile it, salt it. & messeit forth with sugur and powdour douce. 

[1] Almony. Almaine, or Germany. _Almany_. Fox, part I. P. 239. _Alamanie_. Chron. Sax. P. 242. V. Ad No. 71. [2] moscels. Morsels. 

PEIOUNS [1] YSTEWED. XX. II. VIII. 

Take peions and stop hem with garlec ypylled and with gode erbesihewe. And do hem in an erthen pot. Cast þerto gode broth and whytegrece. Powdour fort. Safroun verious & salt. 

[1] Peiouns, Pejons, i. E. Pigeons, _j_ is never written here in the middle of a word. 

LOSEYNS [1]. XX. II. IX. 

Take gode broth and do in an erthen pot, take flour of payndemayn andmake þerof past with water. And make þerof thynne foyles as paper [2]with a roller, drye it harde and seeþ it in broth take Chese ruayn [3]grated and lay it in disshes with powdour douce. And lay þeronloseyns isode as hoole as þou mizt [4]. And above powdour and chese, and so twyse or thryse, & serue it forth. 

[1] Loseyns. Vide in Gloss. [2] foyles as paper. _Leaves_ of paste as thin as _paper_. [3] Chese ruyan. 166. Vide Gloss. [4] mizt. Might, i. E. Can. 

TARTLETTES [1]. XX. II. X. 

Take pork ysode and grynde it small with safroun, medle it withayrenn and raisons of coraunce and powdour fort and salt, and make afoile of dowhz [2] and close the fars [3] þerinne. Cast þe Tartletesin a Panne with faire water boillyng and salt, take of the cleneFlessh withoute ayren & bolle it in gode broth. Cast þerto powdourdouce and salt, and messe the tartletes in disshes & helde [4] thesewe þeronne. 

[1] Tarlettes. _Tartletes_ in the process. [2] foile of dowhz, or dowght. A leaf of paste. [3] fars. Forced-meat. [4] helde. Cast. 

PYNNONADE [1]. XX. II. XI. 

Take Almandes iblaunched and drawe hem sumdell thicke [2] with godebroth oþer with water and set on the fire and seeþ it, cast þertozolkes of ayrenn ydrawe. Take Pynes yfryed in oyle oþer in grece andþerto white Powdour douce, sugur and salt. & colour it wiþ alkenet alytel. 

[1] Pynnonade. So named from the _Pynes_ therein used. [2] sumdell thicke. Somewhat thick, thickish. 

ROSEE [1]. XX. II. XII. 

Take thyk mylke as to fore welled [2]. Cast þerto sugur a godeporcioun pynes. Dates ymynced. Canel. & powdour gynger and seeþ it, and alye it with flores of white Rosis, and flour of rys, cole it, salt it & messe it forth. If þou wilt in stede of Almaunde mylke, take swete cremes of kyne. 

[1] Rosee. From the white roles therein mentioned. See No. 41. In Mi. Ed. But No. 47 there is totally different. [2] welled, f. _willed_; directed. 

CORMARYE [1]. XX. II. XIII. 

Take Colyandre [2], Caraway smale grounden, Powdour of Peper andgarlec ygrounde in rede wyne, medle alle þise [3] togyder and salt it, take loynes of Pork rawe and fle of the skyn, and pryk it wel with aknyf and lay it in the sawse, roost þerof what þou wilt, & kepe þatþat fallith þerfro in the rosting and seeþ it in a possynet withfaire broth, & serue it forth witþ þe roost anoon [4]. 

[1] Cormarye. Quære. [2] Golyandre. Coriander. [3] þise. These. [4] anoon. Immediately. 

NEWE NOUMBLES OF DEER. XX. II. XIIII. 

Take noumbles and waisshe hem clene with water and salt and perboilehem in water. Take hem up an dyce hem. Do with hem as with ooþernoumbles. 

NOTA. XX. II. XV. 

The Loyne of the Pork, is fro the hippe boon to the hede. 

NOTA. XX. II. XVI. 

The fyletes buth two, that buth take oute of the Pestels [1]. 

[1] Pestels. Legs. 

SPYNEE [1]. XX. II. XVII. 

Take and make gode thik Almaund mylke as tofore. And do þerin offlour of hawthorn [2]. And make it as a rose. & serue it forth. 

[1] Spynee. As made of Haws, the berries of Spines, or Hawthorns. [2] Hawthern. Hawthorn. 

CHYRYSE [1] XX. II. XVIII. 

Take Almandes unblanched, waisshe hem, grynde hem, drawe hem up withgode broth. Do þerto thridde part of chiryse. þe stones. Take outeand grynde hem smale, make a layour of gode brede an powdour and saltand do þerto. Colour it with sandres so that it may be stondyng, andflorish it with aneys and with cheweryes, and strawe þeruppon andserue it forth. 

[1] Chyryse. _Chiryse_ in the process. _Cheriseye. _ Ms. Ed. II. 18. _Chiryes_ there are cherries. And this dish is evidently made of Cherries, which probably were chiefly imported at this time from Flanders, though they have a Saxon name, [Anglo-Saxon: cyrre]. 

PAYN FONDEW [1]. XX. II. XIX. 

Take brede and frye it in grece oþer in oyle, take it and lay it inrede wyne. Grynde it with raisouns take hony and do it in a pot andcast þerinne gleyres [2] of ayrenn wiþ a litel water and bete it weletogider with a sklyse [3]. Set it ouer the fires and boile it. Andwhan the hatte [4] arisith to goon [5] ouer, take it adoun and keleit, and whan it is þer clarified; do it to the oþere with sugur andspices. Salt it and loke it be stondyng, florish it with whitecoliaundre in confyt. 

[1] foundewe. Contents. It seems to mean _dissolved_. V. _found_ in Gloss. [2] gleyres. Whites. [3] Sklyse. Slice. [4] hatte. Seems to mean _bubling_ or _wallop_. [5] goon. Go. 

CROTOUN [1]. XX. III. 

Take the offal of Capouns oþer of oþere briddes. Make hem clene andparboile hem. Take hem up and dyce hem. Take swete cowe mylke andcast þerinne. And lat it boile. Take Payndemayn [2] and of þe selfmylke and drawe thurgh a cloth and cast it in a pot and lat it seeþ, take ayren ysode. Hewe the white and cast þerto, and alye the sewewith zolkes of ayren rawe. Colour it with safron. Take the zolkes andfry hem and florish hem þerwith and with powdour douce. 

[1] Crotoun. Ms. Ed. 24. Has _Craytoun_, but a different dish. [2] Payndemayn. Whitebread. V. Ad No. 41. 

VYNE GRACE [1]. XX. III. I. 

Take smale fylettes of Pork and rost hem half and smyte hem togobettes and do hem in wyne an Vynegur and Oynouns ymynced and steweit yfere do þerto gode poudours an salt, an serue it forth. 

[1] Vyne Grace. Named probably from _grees_, wild swine, and the mode of dressing in _wine_. V. Gloss. Voce _Vyne grace_. 

FONNELL [1]. XX. III. II. 

Take Almandes unblaunched. Grynde hem and drawe hem up with godebroth, take a lombe [2] or a kidde and half rost hym. Or the þridde[3] part, smyte hym in gobetes and cast hym to the mylke. Take smalebriddes yfasted and ystyned [4]. And do þerto sugur, powdour ofcanell and salt, take zolkes of ayrenn harde ysode and cleeue [5] atwo and ypaunced [6] with flour of canell and florish þe sewe above. Take alkenet fryed and yfoundred [7] and droppe above with a feþur [8]and messe it forth. 

[1] Fonnell. Nothing in the recipe leads to the etymon of this multifarious dish. [2] Lombe. Lamb. [3] thridde. Third, per metathesin. [4] yfasted and ystyned. [5] cleeue. Cloven. [6] ypaunced. Pounced. [7] yfoundred. Melted, dissolved. [8] feþ'. Feather. 

DOUCE AME [1]. XX. III. III. 

Take gode Cowe mylke and do it in a pot. Take parsel. Sawge. Ysope. Saueray and ooþer gode herbes. Hewe hem and do hem in the mylke andseeþ hem. Take capouns half yrosted and smyte hem on pecys and doþerto pynes and hony clarified. Salt it and colour it with safroun anserue it forth. 

[1] Douce Ame. _Quasi_, a delicious dish. V. Blank Desire in Gloss. Titles of this tissue occur in Apicius. See Humelberg. P. 2. 

CONNYNGES IN CYRIP [1]. XX. III. IIII. 

Take Connynges and seeþ hem wel in good broth. Take wyne greke and doþerto with a porcioun of vyneger and flour of canel, hoole clowesquybibes hoole, and ooþer gode spices with raisouns coraunce andgyngyner ypared and ymynced. Take up the conynges and smyte hem onpecys and cast hem into the Siryppe and seeþ hem a litel on the fyreand sue it forth. 

[1] Cyrip. In the process _Siryppe. Cirypp_, Contents. _Sirop_ or _Sirup_, as 133. _Syryp_, 132. 

LECHE LUMBARD [1]. XX. III. V. 

Take rawe Pork and pulle of the skyn. And pyke out þe skyn synewesand bray the Pork in a morter with ayrenn rawe do þerto suger, salt, raysouns coraunce, dates mynced, and powdour of Peper powdour gylofre. An do it in a bladder, and lat it seeþ til it be ynowhz. And whan itis ynowh, kerf if leshe it [2] in likenesse of a peskodde [3], andtake grete raysouns and grynde hem in a morter, drawe hem Up wiþ redewyne, do þerto mylke of almaundes colour it with saunders an safroun. 

and do þerto powdour of peper an of gilofre and boile it. And whan itis iboiled; take powdour of canel and gynger, and temper it up withwyne. And do alle þise thynges togyder. And loke þat it be rennyns[4], and lat it not seeþ after that it is cast togyder, an serue itforth. 

[1] Leche Lumbard. So called from the country. Randle Home says, _Leach_ is "a kind of jelly made of cream, ising-glass, sugar and almonds, with other compounds. "[2] Leshe it. Vide Gloss. [3] Peskodde. Hull or pod of a pea. [4] rennyns. Perhaps _thin_, from the old _renne_, to run. Vide Gloss. 

CONNYNGES IN CLERE BROTH. XX. III. VI. 

Take Connynges and smyte hem in gobetes and waissh hem and do hem infeyre water and wyne, and seeþ hem and skym hem. And whan þey buthisode pyke hem clene, and drawe the broth thurgh a straynour and dothe flessh þerwith in a Possynet and styne it [1]. And do þertovynegur and powdour or gynger and a grete quantite and salt after thelast boillyng and serue it forth. 

[1] styne it. Close it. V. Gloss. 

PAYN RAGOUN [1]. XX. III. VII. 

Take hony suger and clarifie it togydre. And boile it with esy fyre, and kepe it wel fro brennyng and whan it hath yboiled a while; takeup a drope [2] þerof wiþ þy fyngur and do it in a litel water andloke if it hong [3] togydre. And take it fro the fyre and do þertothe thriddendele [4] an powdour gyngener and stere [5] it togydertil it bigynne to thik and cast it on a wete [6] table. Lesh it andserue it forth with fryed mete on flessh dayes or on fysshe dayes. 

[1] Payn ragoun. It is not at all explained in the Recipe. [2] Drope. Drop. [3] hong. Hing, or hang. [4] thriddendele. Third part, perhaps, _of brede_, i. E. Of bread, may be casually omitted here. V. Gloss. [5] stere. Stir. [6] wete. Wet. 

LETE LARDES [1]. XX. III. VIII. 

Take parsel and grynde with a Cowe mylk, medle it with ayrenn and

lard ydyced take mylke after þat þou hast to done [2] and myng [3]þerwith. And make þerof dyuerse colours. If þou wolt have zelow, doþerto safroun and no parsel. If þou wolt have it white; nonþer parselne safroun but do þerto amydoun. If þou wilt have rede do þertosandres. If þou wilt have pownas [4] do þerto turnesole [5]. If þouwilt have blak do þerto blode ysode and fryed. And set on the fyre inas many vessels as þou hast colours þerto and seeþ it wel and layþise colours in a cloth first oon. And sithen anoþer upon him. Andsithen the þridde and the ferthe. And presse it harde til it be allout clene. And whan it is al colde, lesh it thynne, put it in a panneand fry it wel. And serue it forth. 

[1] Lete Lardes. _Lards_ in form of Dice are noticed in the process. See Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. _Lete_ is the Fr. _Lait_, milk. V. No. 81. Or Brit. _Llaeth_. Hence, perhaps, _Lethe Cpyrus_ and _Lethe Rube_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. But VI. P. 5, it is _Leche_. [2] to done, i. E. Done. [3] myng. Mix. [4] pownas. Qu. [5] turnesole. Not the flower _Heliotrope_, but a drug. Northumb. Book, p. 3. 19. I suppose it to be _Turmeric_. V. Brooke's Nat. Hist. Of Vegetables, p. 9. Where it is used both in victuals and for dying. 

FURMENTE WITH PORPAYS [1]. XX. III. IX. 

Take Almandes blanched. Bray hem and drawe hem up with faire water, make furmente as before [2] and cast þer furmente þerto. & messe itwith Porpays. 

[1] Porpays. _Porpeys_, Contents, and so No. 116. Porpus. [2] as before. This is the first mention of it. 

PERREY OF PESOUN [1]. XX. III. X. 

Take pesoun and seeþ hem fast and covere hem til þei berst. þennetake up hem and cole hem thurgh a cloth. Take oynouns and mynce hemand seeþ hem in the same sewe and oile þerwith, cast þerto sugur, salt and safroun, and seeþ hem wel þeratt þerafter and serue hemforth. 

[1] Perrey of Pesoun, i. E. Peas. _Perrey_ seems to mean pulp: vide No. 73. Mr. Ozell in Rabelais, IV. C. 60. Renders _Puree de pois_ by _Peas soup_. 

PESON OF ALMAYNE [1]. XX. III. XI

Take white pesoun, waisshe hem seeþ hem a grete while, take hem andcole hem thurgh a cloth, waisshe hem in colde water til the hulles gooff, cast hem in a pot and couere þat no breth [2] go out. And boilehem right wel. And cast þerinne gode mylke of allmandes and a pertyeof flour of Rys wiþ powdour gynger safroun. And salt. 

[1] Almayne. Germany; called Almony No. 47. [2] breth. Breath, air, steam. Ms. Ed. No. 2. 

CHYCHES [1]. XX. III. XII. 

Take chiches and wry hem [2] in ashes all nyzt, oþer lay hem in hootaymers [3], at morrowe [4], waisshe hem in clene water and do hemouer the fire with clene water. Seeþ hem up and do þerto oyle, garlec, hole safroun. Powdour fort and salt, seeþ it and messe itforth. 

[1] Chyches. _Viciæ_, vetches. In Fr. _Chiches_. [2] Wry hem. _Dry hem_, or _cover hem_. Chaucer, v. Wrey. [3] Aymers. Embers; of which it is evidently a corruption. [4] at morrowe. Next Morning. 

FRENCHE [1]. XX. III. XIII. 

Take and seeþ white peson and take oute þe perrey [2] & parboileerbis & hewe hem grete & caft hem in a pot with the perrey pulleoynouns & seeþ hem hole wel in water & do hem to þe Perrey with oile& salt, colour it with safroun & messe it and cast þeron powdour douce. 

[1] Frenche. Contents have it more fully, _Frenche Owtes_. V. Ad No. 6. [2] Perrey. Pulp. V. Ad No. 70. 

MAKKE [1]. XX. III. XIIII. 

Take drawen benes and seeþ hem wel. Take hem up of the water and casthem in a morter grynde hem al to doust til þei be white as eny mylk, chawf [2] a litell rede wyne, cast þeramong in þe gryndyng, do þertosalt, leshe it in disshes. þanne take Oynouns and mynce hem smale andseeþ hem in oile til þey be al broun [3]. And florissh the disshestherwith. And serue it forth. 

[1] Makke. _Ignotum_. [2] Chawf. Warm. [3] broun. Brown. 

AQUAPATYS [1]. XX. III. XV. 

Pill garlec and cast it in a pot with water and oile. And seeþ it, doþerto safroun, salt, and powdour fort and dresse it forth hool. 

[1] Aquapatys. _Aquapates_, Contents. Perhaps named from the water used in it. 

SALAT. XX. III. XVI. 

Take persel, sawge, garlec, chibolles, oynouns, leek, borage, myntes, porrectes [1], fenel and ton tressis [2], rew, rosemarye, purslarye[3], laue and waische hem clene, pike hem, pluk hem small wiþ þyn [4]honde and myng hem wel with rawe oile. Lay on vynegur and salt, andserue it forth. 

[1] Porrectes. Fr. _Porrette_. [2] Ton tressis. Cresses. V. Gloss. [3] Purslarye. Purslain. [4] þyn. Thine. 

FENKEL IN SOPPES. XX. III. XVII. 

Take blades of Fenkel. Shrede hem not to smale, do hem to seeþ inwater and oile and oynouns mynced þerwith. Do þerto safroun and saltand powdour douce, serue it forth, take brede ytosted and lay thesewe onoward. 

CLAT [1]. XX. III. XVIII. 

Take elena campana and seeþ it water [2]. Take it up and grynde itwel in a morter. Temper it up with ayrenn safroun and salt and do itouer the fire and lat it not boile. Cast above powdour douce andserue it forth. 

[1] Clat. Qu. [2] water; r. _in water_, as in No. 79. 

APPULMOY [1]. XX. III. XIX. 

Take Apples and seeþ hem in water, drawe hem thurgh a straynour. Take almaunde mylke & hony and flour of Rys, safroun and powdour fortand salt. And seeþ it stondyng [2]. 

[1] Appulmoy. _Appulmos_. Ms. Ed. No. 17. Named from the apples employed. V. No. 149. [2] stondyng. Thick. 

SLETE [1] SOPPES. XX. IIII. 

Take white of Lekes and slyt hem, and do hem to seeþ in wyne, oileand salt, rost brede and lay in dysshes and the sewe above and serueit forth. 

[1] Slete. Slit. 

LETELORYE [1]. XX. IIII. I. 

Take Ayrenn and wryng hem thurgh a styunour and do þerto cowe mylkewith butter and safroun and salt and seeþ it wel. Leshe it. And lokeþat it be stondyng. And serue it forth. 

[1] Letelorye. The latter part of the compound is unknown, the first is Fr. _Lait_, milk. Vide No. 68. 

SOWPES DORRY [1]. XX. IIII. II. 

Take Almaundes brayed, drawe hem up with wyne. Ooile it, castþeruppon safroun and salt, take brede itosted in wyne. Lay þerof aleyne [2] and anoþer of þe sewe and alle togydre. Florish it withsugur powdour gyngur and serue it forth. 

[1] Sowpes Dorry. Sops endorsed. V. _Dorry_ in Gloss. [2] A leyne. A layer. 

RAPE [1]. XX. IIII. III. 

Take half fyges and half raisouns pike hem and waisshe

hem in water skalde hem in wyne. Bray hem in a morter, and drawe hemthurgh a straynour. Cast hem in a pot and þerwiþ powdour of peper andooþer good powdours. Alay it up with flour of Rys. And colour it withsaundres. Salt it. & messe it forth. 

[1] Rape. A dissyllable, as appears from _Rapey_ in the Contents. _Rapy_, Ms. Ed. No. 49. _Rapee_, ibid. II. 28. 

SAWSE SARZYNE [1]. XX. IIII. IIII. 

Take heppes and make hem clene. Take Almaundes blaunched, frye hem inoile and bray hem in a morter with heppes. Drawe it up with rede wyne, and do þerin sugur ynowhz with Powdour sort, lat it be stondyng, andalay it with flour of Rys. And colour it with alkenet and messe itforth. And florish it with Pomme garnet. If þou wilt in flesshe day. Seeþ Capouns and take the brawnn and tese hem smal and do þerto. Andmake the lico [2] of þis broth. 

[1] Sawse Sarzyne. _Sause_. Contents. _Saracen_, we prefume, from the nation or people. There is a Recipe in Ms. Ed. No. 54 for a Bruet of _Sarcynesse_, but there are no pomgranates concerned. [2] lico. Liquor. 

CRÈME OF ALMAUNDES. XX. IIII. V. 

Take Almaundes blaunched, grynde hem and drawe hem up thykke, set hemouer the fyre & boile hem. Set hem adoun and spryng [1] hem wiciiVyneger, cast hem abrode uppon a cloth and cast uppon hem sugur. Whanit is colde gadre it togydre and leshe it in dysshes. 

[1] spryng. Sprinkle. 

GREWEL OF ALMAUNDES. XX. IIII. VI. 

Take Almaundes blaunched, bray hem with oot meel [1]. And draw hem upwith water. Cast þeron Safroun & salt &c. 

[1] oot meel. Oat-meal. 

CAWDEL OF ALMAUND MYLK. XX. IIII. VII. 

Take Almaundes blaunched and drawe hem up with wyne, do þerto powdourof gyngur and sugur and colour it with Safroun. Boile it and serue itforth. 

JOWTES [1] OF ALMAUND MYLKE. XX. IIII. VIII. 

Take erbes, boile hem, hewe hem and grynde hem smale. And drawe hemup with water. Set hem on the fire and seeþ the rowtes with the mylke. And cast þeron sugur & salt. & serue it forth. 

[1] Jowtes. V. Ad No. 60. 

FYGEY [1]. XX. IIII. IX. 

Take Almaundes blanched, grynde hem and drawe hem up with water andwyne: quarter fygur hole raisouns. Cast þerto powdour gyngur and honyclarified. Seeþ it wel & salt it, and serue forth. 

[1] Fygey. So named from the figs therein used. A different Recipe, Ms. Ed. No. 3, has no figs. 

POCHEE [1]. XX. IIII. X. 

Take Ayrenn and breke hem in scaldyng hoot water. And whan þei benesode ynowh. Take hem up and take zolkes of ayren and rawe mylke andswyng hem togydre, and do þerto powdour gyngur safroun and salt, setit ouere the fire, and lat it not boile, and take ayrenn isode & castþe sew onoward. & serue it forth. 

[1] Pochee. Poached eggs. Very different from the present way. 

BREWET OF AYRENN. XX. IIII. XI. 

Take ayrenn, water and butter, and seeþ hem yfere with safroun andgobettes of chese. Wryng ayrenn thurgh a straynour. Whan the waterhath soden awhile: take þenne the ayrenn and swyng hem with verious. And cast þerto. Set it ouere the fire and lat it not boile. And serueit forth. 

MACROWS [1]. XX. IIII. XII. 

Take and make a thynne foyle of dowh. And kerve it on peces, and casthem on boillyng water & seeþ it wele. Take chese and grate it andbutter cast bynethen and above as losyns. And serue forth. 

[1] Macrows. _Maccherone_, according to the Recipe in _Altieri_, corresponds nearly enough with our process; so that this title seems to want mending, and yet I know not how to do it to satisfaction. 

TOSTEE [1]. XX. IIII. XIII. 

Take wyne and hony and found it [2] togyder and skym it clene. Andseeþ it long, do þerto powdour of gyngur. Peper and salt, tost bredeand lay the sew þerto. Kerue pecys of gyngur and flour it þerwith andmesse it forth. 

[1] Tostee. So called from the toasted bread. [2] found it. Mix it. 

GYNGAWDRY [1]. XX. IIII. XIIII. 

Take the Powche [2] and the Lyuour [3] of haddok, codlyng and hake [4]and of ooþer fisshe, parboile hem, take hem and dyce hem small, takeof the self broth and wyne, a layour of brede of galyntyne with godepowdours and salt, cast þat fysshe þerinne and boile it. & do þertoamydoun. & colour it grene. 

[1] Gyngawdry. Qu. [2] Powche. Crop or stomach. [3] Lyuour. Liver. V. No. 137. [4] Hake. "Asellus alter, sive Merlucius, Aldrov. " So Mr. Ray. See Pennant, III. P. 156. 

ERBOWLE [1]. XX. IIII. XV. 

Take bolas and scald hem with wyne and drawe hem with [2] a straynourdo hem in a pot, clarify hony and do þerto with powdour fort. Andflour of Rys. Salt it & florish it with whyte aneys. & serue it forth. 

[1] Erbowle. Perhaps from the _Belas_, or Bullace employed. [2] with, i. E. Thurgh or thorough. 

RESMOLLE [1]. XX. IIII. XVI. 

Take Almaundes blaunched and drawe hem up with water and alye it withflour of Rys and do þerto powdour of gyngur sugur and salt, and lokeit be not stondyng [2], messe it and serue it forth. 

[1] Resmolle. From the Rice there used; for Ms. Ed. II. No. 5. Has _Rysmoyle_, where _moyle_ seems to be Fr. _moile_, as written also in the Roll. _Rice molens potage_. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 26. [2] Not stondyng. Thin, diluted. V. No. 98. Not to [too] stondyng, 121. 

VYAUNDE CYPRE [1]. XX. IIII. XVII. 

Take oot mele and pike out the stones and grynde hem smal, and drawehem thurgh a straynour. Take mede oþer wyne ifonded in sugur and doþise þerinne. Do þerto powdour and salt, and alay it with flour ofRys and do þat it be stondyng. If thou wilt on flesh day; take hennesand pork ysode & grynde hem smale and do þerto. & messe it forth. 

[1] Cypre. _Cipre_, Contents here and No. 98. 

VYANDE CYPRE OF SAMOUN [1]. XX. IIII. XVIII. 

Take Almandes and bray hem unblaunched. Take calwar [2] Samoun andseeþ it in lewe water [3] drawe up þyn Almandes with the broth. Pykeout the bones out of the fyssh clene & grynde it small & cast þy mylk& þat togyder & alye it with flour of Rys, do þerto powdour fort, sugur & salt & colour it with alkenet & loke þat hit be not stondyngand messe it forth. 

[1] Samoun. Salmon. [2] calwar. Salwar, No. 167. R. Holme says, "_Calver_ is a term used to a Flounder when to be boiled in oil, vinegar, and spices and to be kept in it. " But in Lancashire Salmon newly taken and immediately dressed is called _Calver Salmon_: and in Littleton _Salar_ is a young salmon. [3] lewe water. Warm. V. Gloss. 

VYANND RYAL. XX. IIII. XIX. 

Take wyne greke, oþer rynysshe wyne and hony clarified þerwith. Takeflour of rys powdour of Gyngur oþ of peper & canel. Oþer flour ofcanel. Powdour of clowes, safroun. Sugur cypre. Mylberyes, oþersaundres. & medle alle þise togider. Boile it and salt it. And lokeþat it be stondyng. 

COMPOST [1]. C. 

Take rote of parsel. Pasternak of rasenns [2]. Scrape hem waisthe hemclene. Take rapes & caboches ypared and icorne [3]. Take an erthenpanne with clene water & set it on the fire. Cast all þise þerinne. Whan þey buth boiled cast þerto peeres & parboile hem wel. Take þisethynges up & lat it kele on a fair cloth, do þerto salt whan it iscolde in a vessel take vineger & powdour & safroun & do þerto. & latalle þise thinges lye þerin al nyzt oþer al day, take wyne greke andhony clarified togider lumbarde mustard & raisouns corance al hool. & grynde powdour of canel powdour douce. & aneys hole. & fenell seed. Take alle þise thynges & cast togyder in a pot of erthe. And takeþerof whan þou wilt & serue forth. 

[1] Compost. A composition to be always ready at hand. Holme, III. P. 78. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. [2] Pasternak of rasenns. Qu. [3] ypared and icorne. The first relates to the Rapes, the second to the Caboches, and means carved or cut in pieces. 

GELE [1] OF FYSSH. C. I. 

Take Tenches, pykes [2], eelys, turbut and plays [3], kerue hem topecys. Scalde hem & waische hem clene. Drye hem with a cloth do hemin a panne do þerto half vyneger & half wyne & seeþ it wel. & takethe Fysshe and pike it clene, cole the broth thurgh a cloth into aerthen panne. Do þerto powdour of pep and safroun ynowh. Lat itseeþ and skym it wel whan it is ysode dof [4] grees clene, cowchefisshes on chargeours & cole the sewe thorow a cloth onoward& serue it forth. 

[1] Gele. Jelly. _Gelee_, Contents here and in the next Recipe. _Gely_, Ms. Ed. No. 55, which presents us with much the same prescription. [2] It is commonly thought this fish was not extant in England till the reign of H. VIII. ; but see No. 107. 109. 114. So Lucys, or Tenchis, Ms. Ed. II 1. 3. Pygus or Tenchis, II. 2. Pikys, 33 Chaucer, v. Luce; and Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. VI. P. 1. 5. _Luce salt_. Ibid. P. 6. Mr. Topham's Ms. Written about 1230, mentions _Lupos aquaticos five Luceas_ amongst the fish which the fishmonger was to have in his shop. They were the arms of the Lucy family so early as Edw. I. See also Pennant's Zool. III. P. 280, 410. [3] Plays. Plaise, the fish. [4] Dof, i. E. Do of. 

GELE OF FLESSH. C. II. 

Take swyner feet & snowter and the eerys [1]. Capouns. Connynges caluesfete. & wiasche hem clene. & do hem to seeþ in the þriddel [2] ofwyne & vyneger and water and make forth as bifore. 

[1] Eerys. Ears. [2] Thriddel. V. Ad No. 67. 

CHYSANNE [1]. C. III. 

Take Roches. Hole Tenches and plays & sinyte hem to gobettes. Fry hemin oyle blaunche almaundes. Fry hem & cast wyne & of vyneger þerpridde part þerwith fyges drawen & do þerto powdour fort and salt. Boile it. Lay the Fisshe in an erthen panne cast the sewe þerto. Seeþoynouns ymynced & cast þerinne. Kepe hit and ete it colde. 

[1] Chysanne. Qu. 

CONGUR [1] IN SAWSE. C. IIII. 

Take the Conger and scald hym. And smyte hym in pecys & seeþ hym. Take parsel. Mynt. Peleter. Rosmarye. & a litul sawge. Brede and salt, powdour fort and a litel garlec, clower a lite, take and grynd it wel, drawe it up with vyneger thurgh a clot. Cast the fyssh in a vesseland do þe sewe onoward & serue it forth. 

[1] Congur. The Eel called _Congre_. _Sawce_, Contents here, and No. 105, 106. 

RYGH [1] IN SAWSE. C. V. 

Take Ryghzes and make hem clene and do hem to seeþ, pyke hem cleneand frye hem in oile. Take Almandes and grynde hem in water or wyne, do þerto almandes blaunched hole fryed in oile. & coraunce seeþ thelyour grynde it smale & do þerto garlec ygronde & litel salt &verious powdour fort & safroun & boile it yfere, lay the Fysshe in avessel and cast the fewe þerto. And messe it forth colde. 

[1] Rygh. A Fish, and probably the _Ruffe_. 

MAKEREL IN SAWSE. C. VI. 

Take Makerels and smyte hem on pecys. Cast hem on water and various. Seeþ hem with mynter and wiþ oother erbes, colour it grene or zelow, and messe it forth. 

PYKES IN BRASEY [1]. C. VII. 

Take Pykes and undo hem on þe wombes [2] and waisshe hem clene andlay hem on a roost Irne [3] þenne take gode wyne and powdour gynger &sugur good wone [4] & salt, and boile it in an erthen panne & messeforth þe pyke & lay the sewe onoward. 

[1] Brasey. Qu. [2] Wombs. Bellies. [3] roost Irene. A roasting iron. [4] good wone. A good deal. V. Gloss. 

PORPEYS IN BROTH. C. VIII. 

Make as þou madest Noumbles of Flesh with oynouns. 

BALLOC [1] BROTH. C. IX. 

Take Eelys and hilde [2] hem and kerue hem to pecys and do hem toseeþ in water and wyne so þat it be a litel ouer stepid [3]. Do þertosawge and ooþer erbis with few [4] oynouns ymynced, whan the Eelisbuth soden ynowz do hem in a vessel, take a pyke and kerue it togobettes and seeþ hym in the same broth do þerto powdour gyngergalyngale canel and peper, salt it and cast the Eelys þerto & messeit forth. 

[1] Balloc. _Ballok_, Contents. [2] hilde. Skin. [3] on stepid. Steeped therein. V. No. 110. [4] few, i. E. A few. 

ELES IN BREWET. C. X. 

Take Crustes of brede and wyne and make a lyour, do þerto oynounsymynced, powdour. & canel. & a litel water and wyne. Loke þat it bestepid, do þerto salt, kerue þin Eelis & seeþ hem wel and serue hemforth. 

CAWDEL OF SAMOUN C. XI. 

Take the guttes of Samoun and make hem clene. Perboile hem a lytell. Take hem up and dyce hem. Slyt the white of Lekes and kerue hem smale. Cole the broth and do the lekes þerinne with oile and lat it boiletogyd yfere [1]. Do the Samoun icorne þerin, make a lyour ofAlmaundes mylke & of brede & cast þerto spices, safroun and salt, seeþ it wel. And loke þat it be not stondyng. 

[1] togyd yfere. One of these should be struck out. 

PLAYS IN CYEE. C. XII. 

Take Plays and smyte hem [1] to pecys and fry hem in oyle. Drawe alyour of brede & gode broth & vyneger. And do þerto powdour gynger. Canel. Peper and salt and loke þat it be not stondyng. 

[1] Vide No. 104. Qu. 

FOR TO MAKE FLAUMPEYNS. C. XIII. 

Take clene pork and boile it tendre. þenne hewe it small and bray itsmal in a morter. Take fyges and boile hem tendre in smale ale. Andbray hem and tendre chese þerwith. þenne waisthe hem in water & þenelyes [1] hem alle togider wit Ayrenn, þenne take powdour of pepper. Or els powdour marchannt & ayrenn and a porcioun of safroun and salt. þenne take blank sugur. Eyrenn & flour & make a past wit a roller, þene make þerof smale pelettes [2]. & fry hem broun in clene grece &set hem asyde. þenne make of þat ooþer deel [3] of þat past longcoffyns [4] & do þat comade [5] þerin. And close hem faire with acountoer [6], & pynche hem smale about. þanne kyt aboue foure oþersex wayes, þanne take euy [7] of þat kuttyng up, & þenne colour itwit zolkes of Ayrenn, and plannt hem thick, into the flaumpeyns aboveþat þou kuttest hem & set hem in an ovene and lat hem bake eselich[8]. And þanne serue hem forth. 

[1] lyer. Mix. [2] Pelettes. _Pelotys_ Ms. Ed. No. 16. Balls, pellets, from Fr. _pelote_. [3] deel. Deal, i. E. Part, half. [4] Coffyns. Pies without lids. [5] comade. Qu. [6] coutour. Coverture, a lid. [7] euy. Every. [8] eselich. Easily, gently. 

FOR TO MAKE NOUMBLES IN LENT. C. XIIII. 

Take the blode of pykes oþer of conger and nyme [1] the paunches ofpykes. Of conger and of grete code lyng [2], & boile hem tendre &mynce hem smale & do hem in þat blode. Take crustes of white brede &strayne it thurgh a cloth. þenne take oynouns iboiled and mynced. Take peper and safroun. Wyne. Vynegur aysell [3] oþer alegur & doþerto & serue forth. 

[1] nyme. Take. Perpetually used in Ms. Ed. From Sax. Niman. [2] code lyng. If a Codling be a _small cod_, as we now understand it, _great codling_ seems a contradiction in terms. [3] Aysell. Eisel, vinegar. Littleton. 

FOR TO MAKE CHAWDON [1] FOR LENT. C. XV. 

Take blode of gurnardes and congur & þe paunch of gurnardes andboile hem tendre & mynce hem smale, and make a lyre of white Crustesand oynouns ymynced, bray it in a morter & þanne boile it togyder tilit be stondyng. þenne take vynegur oþ aysell & safroun & put it þertoand serue it forth. 

[1] Chawdoun. V. Gloss. 

FURMENTE WITH PORPEYS. C. XVI. 

Take clene whete and bete it small in a morter and fanne out clenethe doust, þenne waisthe it clene and boile it tyl it be tendre andbroun. þanne take the secunde mylk of Almaundes & do þerto. Boile hemtogidur til it be stondyng, and take þe first mylke & alye it up wiþa penne [1]. Take up the porpays out of the Furmente & leshe hem ina dishe with hoot water. & do safroun to þe furmente. And if theporpays be salt. Seeþ it by hym self, and serue it forth. 

[1] Penne. Feather, or pin. Ms. Ed. 28. 

FYLETTES IN GALYTYNE. C. XVII. 

Take Pork, and rost it tyl the blode be tryed out & þe broth [1]. Take crustes of brede and bray hem in a morter, an drawe hem thurgh acloth with þe broth, þenne take oynouns an leshe hem on brede an doto the broth. þanne take pork, and leshe it clene with a dressyngknyf and cast it into þe pot broth, & lat it boile til it be moretendre. þanne take þat lyour þerto. þanne take a porcion of peper andsaundres & do þerto. þanne take parsel & ysope & mynce it smale & doþerto. þanne take rede wyne oþer white grece & raysouns & do þerto. &lat it boile a lytel. 

[1] the broth. Supposed to be prepared beforehand. 

VEEL IN BUKNADE [1]. C. XVIII. 

Take fayr Veel and kyt it in smale pecys and boile it tendre in fynebroth oþer in water. þanne take white brede oþer wastel [2], anddrawe þerof a white . .. Lyour wiþ fyne broth, and do þe lyour to theVeel, & do safroun þerto, þanne take parsel & bray it in a morter &the Juys [3] þerof do þerto, and þanne is þis half zelow & half grene. þanne take a porcioun of wyne & powdour marchant & do þerto and latit boile wele, and do þerto a litel of [4] vynegur. & serue forth. 

[1] Buknade. V. No. 17. [2] Wastel. V. Gloss. [3] Juys. Juice. [4] litel of vynegur. We say, _a little vinegar_, omitting _of_. So 152, _a lytull of lard_. 

SOOLES IN CYNEE [1]. C. XIX. 

Take Sooles and hylde hem, seeþ hem in water, smyte hem on pecys and

take away the fynnes. Take oynouns iboiled & grynde the fynnesþerwith and brede. Drawe it up with the self broth. Do þerto powdourfort, safroun & hony clarified with salt, seeþ it alle yfere. Broilethe sooles & messe it in dysshes & lay the sewe above. & serue forth. 

[1] Cynee. _Cyney_, Contents, both here and No. 120. 123. See before, No. 25. 

TENCHES IN CYNEE. XX. VI. 

Take Tenches and smyte hem to pecys, fry hem, drawe a lyour ofRaysouns coraunce witþ wyne and water, do þerto hool raisouns &powdour of gyngur of clowes of canel of peper do the Tenches þerto &seeþ hem with sugur cypre & salt. & messe forth. 

OYSTERS IN GRAVEY. XX. VI. I. 

Schyl [1] Oysters and seeþ hem in wyne and in hare [2] own broth. Cole the broth thurgh a cloth. Take almandes blaunched, gryndehem and drawe hem up with the self broth. & alye it wiþ flour ofRys. And do the oysters þerinne, cast in powdour of gyngur, sugur, macys. Seeþ it not to stondyng and serue forth. 

[1] shell, take of the shells. [2] hare. Their. _her_. No. 123. Chaucer. 

MUSKELS [1] IN BREWET. XX. VI. II. 

Take muskels, pyke hem, seeþ hem with the owne broth, make a lyour ofcrustes [2] & vynegur do in oynouns mynced. & cast the muskels þerto& seeþ it. & do þerto powdour with a lytel salt & safron the samewisemake of oysters. 

[1] Muskles. _muskels_ below, and the Contents. Muscles. [2] crustes. I. E. Of bread. 

OYSTERS IN CYNEE. XX. VI. III. 

Take Oysters parboile hem in her owne broth, make a lyour of crustes

of brede & drawe it up wiþ the broth and vynegur mynce oynouns & doþerto with erbes. & cast the oysters þerinne. Boile it. & do þertopowdour fort & salt. & messe it forth. 

CAWDEL OF MUSKELS. XX. VI. IIII. 

Take and seeþ muskels, pyke hem clene, and waisshe hem clene in wyne. Take almandes & bray hem. Take somme of the muskels and grynde hem. &some hewe smale, drawe the muskels yground with the self broth. Wryngthe almaundes with faire water. Do alle þise togider. Do þertoverious and vyneger. Take whyte of lekes & parboile hem wel. Wryngoute the water and hewe hem smale. Cast oile þerto with oynounsparboiled & mynced smale do þerto powdour fort, safroun and salt. Alytel seeþ it not to to [1] stondyng & messe it forth. 

[1] to to, i. E. Too too. Vide No. 17. 

MORTREWS OF FYSSH. XX. VI. V. 

Take codlyng, haddok, oþ hake and lynours with the rawnes [1] andseeþ it wel in water. Pyke out þe bones, grynde smale the Fysshe, drawe a lyour of almaundes & brede with the self broth. And do theFysshe grounden þerto. And seeþ it and do þerto powdour fort, safrounand salt, and make it stondyng. 

[1] rawnes. Roes. 

LAUMPREYS IN GALYNTYNE. XX. VI. VI. 

Take Laumpreys and sle [1] hem with vynegur oþer with white wyne &salt, scalde hem in water. Slyt hem a litel at þer nauel. .. . & rest alitel at the nauel. Take out the guttes at the ende. Kepe wele theblode. Put the Laumprey on a spyt. Roost hym & kepe wel the grece. Grynde raysouns of coraunce. Hym up [2] with vyneger. Wyne. Andcrustes of brede. Do þerto powdour of gyngur. Of galyngale [3]. Flourof canel. Powdour of clowes, and do þerto raisouns of coraunce hoole. With þe blode & þe grece. Seeþ it & salt it, boile it not to stondyng, take up the Laumprey do hym in a chargeour [4], & lay þe sewe onoward, & serue hym forth. 

[1] sle. Slay, kill. [2] hym up. A word seems omitted; _drawe_ or _lye_. [3] of galyngale, i. E. Powder. V. No. 101. [4] Chargeour. Charger or dish. V. No. 127. 

LAUMPROUNS IN GALYNTYNE. XX. VI. VII. 

Take Lamprouns and scalde hem. Seeþ hem, meng powdour galyngale andsome of the broth togyder & boile it & do þerto powdour of gyngur &salt. Take the Laumprouns & boile hem & lay hem in dysshes. & lay thesewe above. & serue fort. 

LOSEYNS [1] IN FYSSH DAY. XX. VI. VIII. 

Take Almandes unblaunched and waisthe hem clene, drawe hem up withwater. Seeþ þe mylke & alye it up with loseyns. Cast þerto safroun. Sugur. & salt & messe it forth with colyandre in confyt rede, & serueit forth. 

[1] Loseyns. _Losyns_, Contents. 

SOWPER OF GALYNTYNE [1]. XX. VI. IX. 

Take powdour of galyngale with sugur and salt and boile it yfere. Take brede ytosted. And lay the sewe onoward. And serue it forth. 

[1] Sowpes of Galyntyne. Contents has _in_, recte. _Sowpes_ means Sops. 

SOBRE SAWSE. XX. VI. X. 

Take Raysouns, grynde hem with crustes of brede; and drawe it up withwyne. Do þerto gode powdours and salt. And seeþ it. Fry roches, looches, sool, oþer ooþer gode Fyssh, cast þe sewe above, & serue itforth. 

COLD BREWET. XX. VI. XI. 

Take crome [1] of almaundes. Dry it in a cloth. And whan it is dryeddo it in a vessel, do þerto salt, sugur, and white powdour of gyngurand Juys of Fenel and wyne. And lat it wel stonde. Lay full & messe &dresse it forth. 

[1] crome. Crumb, pulp. 

PEERES [1] IN CONFYT. XX. VI. XII. 

Take peeres and pare hem clene. Take gode rede wyne & mulberes [2]oþer saundres and seeþ þe peeres þerin & whan þei buth ysode, takehem up, make a syryp of wyne greke. Oþer vernage [3] with blaunchepowdour oþer white sugur and powdour gyngur & do the peres þerin. Seeþ it a lytel & messe it forth. 

[1] Peeres. Pears. [2] mulberes. Mulberries, for colouring. [3] Vernage. Vernaccia, a sort of Italian white wine. V. Gloss. 

EGURDOUCE [1] OF FYSSHE. XX. VI. XIII. 

Take Loches oþer Tenches oþer Solys smyte hem on pecys. Fry hem inoyle. Take half wyne half vynegur and sugur & make a siryp. Do þertooynouns icorue [2] raisouns coraunce. And grete raysouns. Do þertohole spices. Gode powdours and salt. Messe þe fyssh & lay þe seweaboue and serue forth. 

[1] Egurdouce. Vide Gloss. [2] icorue, icorven. Cut. V. Gloss. 

COLDE BREWET. XX. VI. XIIII. 

Take Almaundes and grynde hem. Take the tweydel [1] of wyne oþer theþriddell of vynegur. Drawe up the Almaundes þerwith. Take anys sugur& branches of fenel grene a fewe. & drawe hem up togyder with þermylke take poudour of canell. Of gyngur. Clowes. & maces hoole. Takekydde oþer chikenns oþer flessh. & choppe hem small and seeþ hem. Take all þis flessh whan it is sodenn & lay it in a clene vessel &boile þer sewe & cast þerto salt. þenne cast al þis in þe pot withflesh. &ter. [2]

[1] Tweydel. Two parts. [2] &ter. I. E. Serue forth. 

PEVORAT [1] FOR VEEL AND VENYSOUN. XX. VI. XV. 

Take Brede & fry it in grece. Drawe it up with broth and vynegur, take þerto powdour of peper & salt and sette it on the fyre. Boile itand messe it forth. 

[1] Pevorat. Peverade, from the pepper of which it is principallycomposed. 

SAWSE [2] BLAUNCHE FOR CAPOUNS YSODE. XX. VI. XVI. 

Take Almandes blaunched and grynd hem al to doust. Temper it up withverions and powdour or gyngyner and messe it forth. 

[2] Sawse. _Sawce_, Contents. As No. 137. 

SAWSE NOYRE FOR CAPOUNS YROSTED. XX. VI. XVII. 

Take the lyuer of Capons and roost it wel. Take anyse and greynes deParys [1]. Gyngur. Canel. & a lytill crust of brede and grinde itsmale. And grynde it up with verions. And witþ grece of Capouns. Boyle it and serue it forth. 

[1] de Parys. Of Paradise. V. Pref. 

GALYNTYNE [1]. XX. VI. XVIII. 

Take crustes of Brede and grynde hem smale, do þerto powdour ofgalyngale, of canel, of gyngyner and salt it, tempre it with vynegurand drawe it up þurgh a straynour & messe it forth. 

[1] Galyntyne. Galentyne, Contents. 

GYNGENER [1]. XX. VI. XIX. 

Take payndemayn and pare it clene and funde it in Vinegur, grynde itand temper it wiþ Vynegur, and with powdour gyngur and salt, drawe itthurgh a straynour. And serue forth. 

[1] Gyngener. From the powder of Ginger therein used. 

VERDE [1] SAWSE. XX. VII. 

Take parsel. Mynt. Garlek. A litul serpell [2] and sawge, a litulcanel. Gyngur. Piper. Wyne. Brede. Vynegur & salt grynde it smal with

safroun & messe it forth. 

[1] Verde. It has the sound of _Green-sauce_, but as there is no Sorel in it, it is so named from the other herbs. [2] a litul serpell. Wild thyme. 

SAWSE NOYRE FOR MALARD. XX. VII. I. 

Take brede and blode iboiled. And grynde it and drawe it thurgh acloth with Vynegur, do þerto powdour of gyngur ad of peper. & þegrece of the Maulard. Salt it. Boile it wel and serue it forth. 

CAWDEL FOR GEES. XX. VII. II. 

Take garlec and grynde it smale. Safroun and flour þerwith & salt. And temper it up with Cowe Mylke. And seeþ it wel and serue it forth. 

CHAWDOUN [1] FOR SWANNES XX. VII. III. 

Take þe lyuer and þe offall [2] of the Swannes & do it to seeþ ingode broth. Take it up. Take out þe bonys. Take & hewe the flesshsmale. Make a Lyour of crustes of brede & of þe blode of þe Swanysoden. & do þerto powdour of clowes & of piper & of wyne & salt, &seeþ it & cast þe flessh þerto ihewed. And messe it forth with þeSwan. 

[1] Chawdoun. V. Gloss. [2] offall. _Exta_, Gibles. 

SAWSE CAMELYNE [1]. XX. VII. IIII. 

Take Raysouns of Coraunce. & kyrnels of notys. & crustes of brede &powdour of gyngur clowes flour of canel. Bray it [2] wel togyder anddo it þerto. Salt it, temper it up with vynegur. And serue it forth. 

[1] Camelyne. Qu. If _Canelyne_ from the _Fluor of Canel_?[2] bray. Bray. 

LUMBARD MUSTARD. XX. VII. V. 

Take Mustard seed and waishe it & drye it in an ovene, grynde it drye. Farse it thurgh a farse. Clarifie hony with wyne & vynegur & stere itwel togedrer and make it thikke ynowz. & whan þou wilt spende þerofmake it tnynne with wyne. 

NOTA. XX. VII. VI. 

Cranes [1] and Herouns shul be armed [2] with lardes of Swyne. Andeten with gyngur. 

[1] Cranes. A dish frequent formerly at great tables. Archæologia, II. P. 171. Mentioned with Herons, as here, Ms. Ed. 3. Where the same Recipe occurs. Et v. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. VI. P. 38. Rabelais, IV. C. 59. E. Of Devon's Feast. [2] armed. Ms. Ed. No. 3. Has _enarmed_, as may be read there. _Enarmed_, however, in Lel. Collect. IV. P. 225. Means, decorated with coate of arms. Sheldes of Brawn are there _in armor_, p. 226. However, there is such a word as _enorned_. Leland, p. 280. 285. 297. Which approaches nearer. 

NOTA. XX. VII. VII. 

Pokok and Partruch shul be parboiled. Lardid and rosted. And etenwith gyngeuer. 

FRY BLAUNCHED. XX. VII. VIII. 

Take Almandes blaunched and grynde hem al to doust, do þise in athynne foile. Close it þerinnne fast. And fry it in Oile. Clarifiehony with Wyne. & bake it þerwith. 

FRYTOUR OF PASTERNAKES OF APPLES [1]. XX. VII. IX. 

Take skyrwater and pasternakes and apples, & parboile hem, make abatour of flour and ayrenn, cast þerto ale. Safroun & salt. Wete hemin þe batour and frye hem in oile or in grece. Do þerto Almaund Mylk. & serue it forth. 

[1] Frytour, &c. Contents has only, _Frytours of Pasternakes_. N. B. _Frytour_ is _Fritter_. 

FRYTOUR OF MYLKE. XX. VII. X. 

Take of cruddes [1] and presse out þe wheyze [2]. Do þerto sum whyteof ayrenn. Fry hem. Do þerto. & lay on sugur and messe forth. 

[1] Cruddes. Curds, per metathesin. [2] wheyze. Whey. 

FRYTOUR OF ERBES. XX. VII. XI. 

Take gode erbys. Grynde hem and medle [1] hem with flour and water &a lytel zest and salt, and frye hem in oyle. And ete hem with clerehony. 

[1] medle. Mix. 

RASYOLS [1]. XX. VII. XII. 

Take swyne lyuoers and seeþ hem wel. Take brede & grate it. And takezolkes of ayrenn. & make hit sowple [2] and do þerto a lytull of lardcarnoun lyche a dee [3]. Chese gratyd [4] & whyte grece. Powdourdouce & of gyngur & wynde it to balles [5] as grete as apples. Takeþe calle of þe swyne & cast euere [6] by hym self þerin. Make a Crustin a trape [7]. And lay þe ball þerin & bake it. And whan þey buthynowz: put þerin a layour of ayrenn with powdour fort and Safroun. And serue it forth. 

[1] Rasyols. Rasiowls, Contents. Qu. The etymen. [2] sowple. Supple. [3] carnoun lyche a dee. Cut like dice, diced. Fr. _De_; singular of _Dice_. [4] gratyd. Grated. _igrated_, No. 153. [5] wynde it to balles, make it into Balls. [6] euere. Each. [7] trape. Pan, or dish. French. 

WHYTE MYLATES [1]. XX. VII. XIII. 

Take Ayrenn and wryng hem thurgh a cloth. Take powdour fort, bredeigrated, & safroun, & cast þerto a gode quantite of vynegur with alitull salt, medle all yfere. Make a foile in a trape & bake it welþerinne. And serue it forth. 

[1] Mylates. Contents, _Milates_; but 155 as here. Qu. 

CRUSTARDES [1] OF FLESSH. XX. VII. XIIII. 

Take peiouns [2], chykens, and smale briddes smyte hem in gobettes. & seeþ hem alle ifere in god broþ wiþ veriaws [3] do þerto safroun, make a crust in a trape. And pynche it. & cowche þe flessh þerinne. &cast þerinne Raisouns coraunce. Powdour douce and salt. Breke ayrennand wryng hem thurgh a cloth & swyng þe sewe of þe stewe þerwithand helde it [4] uppon the flessh. Couere it & bake it wel. And serueit forth. 

[1] Crustards. Pies. [2] peiouns. Pigeons. V. Ad No. 48. [3] veriaws. Verjuice. [4] helde it. Pour, cast. 

MYLATES OF PORK. XX. VII. XV. 

Hewe Pork al to pecys and medle it with ayrenn & chese igrated. Doþerto powdour fort safroun & pyneres [1] with salt, make a crust in atrape, bake it wel þerinne, and serue it forth. 

[1] pyneres. Vide Pref. 

CRUSTARDES OF FYSSHE. XX. VII. XVI. 

Take loches, laumprouns, and Eelis. Smyte hem on pecys, and stewe hemwiþ Almaund Mylke and verions, frye the loches in oile as tofore. Andlay þe fissh þerinne. Cast þeron powdour fort powdour douce. Withraysons coraunce & prunes damysyns. Take galyntyn and þe sewe þerinne, and swyng it togyder and cast in the trape. & bake it and serue itforth. 

CRUSTARDES OF EERBIS [1] ON FYSSH DAY. XX. VII. XVII. 

Take gode Eerbys and grynde hem smale with wallenotes pyked clene. Agrete portioun. Lye it up almost wiþ as myche verions as water. Seeþit wel with powdour and Safroun withoute Salt. Make a crust in atrape and do þe fyssh þerinne unstewed wiþ a litel oile & godePowdour. Whan it is half ybake do þe sewe þerto & bake it up. If þouwilt make it clere of Fyssh seeþ ayrenn harde. & take out þe zolkes &grinde hem with gode powdours. And alye it up with gode stewes [2]and serue it forth. 

[1] Erbis. Rather _Erbis and Fissh_. [2] stewes. V. No. 170. 

LESSHES [1] FRYED IN LENTON [2]. XX. VII. XVIII. 

Drawe a thick almaunde Mylke wiþ water. Take dates and pyke hem clenewith apples and peeres & mynce hem with prunes damysyns. Take out þestones out of þe prunes. & kerue the prunes a two. Do þerto Raisounssugur. Flour of canel. Hoole macys and clowes. Gode powdours & salt. Colour hem up with saundres. Meng þise with oile, make a coffyn asþou didest bifore & do þis Fars [3] þerin. And bake it wel and serueit forth. 

[1] Leshes. V. Leche Lumbard in Gloss. [2] lenton. Lentoun, Contents, i. E. Lent. [3] Fars. Vide Gloss. 

WASTELS YFARCED. XX. VII. XIX. 

Take a Wastel and hewe out þe crummes. Take ayrenn & shepis talow &þe crummes of þe same Wastell powdour fort & salt with Safroun andRaisouns coraunce. & medle alle þise yfere & do it in þe Wastel. Close it & bynde it fast togidre. And seeþ it wel. 

SAWGE YFARCED. XX. VIII. 

Take sawge. Grynde it and temper it up with ayrenn. A saweyster [1] &kerf hym to gobettes and cast it in a possynet. And do þerwiþ grece &frye it. Whan it is fryed ynowz cast þerto sawge with ayren make itnot to harde. Cast þerto powdour douce, messe it forth. If it be inYmber day; take sauge butter & ayrenn. And lat it stonde wel by þesause [2], & serue it forth. 

[1] saweyster. Qu. [2] stonde wel by the sause. Become thick with the sawce. 

SAWGEAT [1]. XX. VIII. I. 

Take Pork and seeþ it wel and grinde it smale and medle it wiþ ayren& brede. Ygrated. Do þerto powdour fort and safroun with pyner & salt. Take & close litull Balles in foiles [2] of sawge. Wete it with abatour of ayren & fry it. & serue it forth. 

[1] Sawgeat. So named from the Sage, or _Sawge_[2] foiles. Leaves. 

CRYSPES [1]. XX. VIII. II. 

Take flour of pandemayn and medle it with white grece ouer the fyrerin a chawfour [2] and do the batour þerto queyntlich [3] þurgh þyfyngours. Or thurgh a skymour. And lat it a litul [4] quayle [5] alitell so þe þer be hool þerinne. And if þer wilt colour it wiþalkenet yfoundyt. Take hem up & cast þerinne sugur, and serue hemforth. 

[1] Cryspes. Ms. Ed. No. 26. _Cryppys_, meaning _Crisps_, Chaucer having _crips_, by transposition, for _crisp_. In Kent _p_ is commonly put before the _s_, as _haps_ is _hasp_, _waps_ is _wasp_. V. Junius. V. _Happs_, and _Haspe_, and _Wasp_. [2] chawfour. Chaffing dish. [3] quentlich'. Nicely. [4] a litul. Dele. [5] quayle. An cool?

CRYSPELS. XX. VIII. III. 

Take and make a foile of gode Past as thynne as Paper. Kerue it out &fry it in oile. Oþer in þe [1] grece and þe remnaunt [2], take honyclarified and flaunne [3] þerwith, alye hem up and serue hem forth. 

[1] þe grece. Dele _the_. [2] þe remnant, i. E. As for the remnant. [3] flaunne. French _flau_, custard. 

TARTEE. XX. VIII. IIII. 

Take pork ysode. Hewe it & bray it. Do þerto ayrenn. Raisouns sugurand powdour of gyngur. Powdour douce. And smale briddes þeramong &white grece. Take prunes, safroun. & salt, and make a crust in atrape & do þer Fars [1] þerin. & bake it wel & serue it forth. 

[1] þer Fars, r. þe Fars. 

TART IN YMBRE [1] DAY. XX. VIII. V. 

Take and parboile Oynouns presse out þe water & hewe hem smale. Takebrede & bray it in a morter. And temper it up with Ayren. Do þertobutter, safroun and salt. & raisouns corauns. & a litel sugur withpowdour douce. And bake it in a trape. & serue it forth. 

[1] Ymbre. Ember. 

TART DE BRY [1]. XX. VIII. VI. 

Take a Crust ynche depe in a trape. Take zolkes of Ayren rawe & cheseruayn [2]. & medle it & þe zolkes togyder. And do þerto powdourgyngur. Sugur. Safroun. And salt. Do it in a trape, bake it and serueit forth. 

[1] de Bry. Qu. _Brie_, the country. [2] Chese ruayn. Qu. Of Roisen. V. Ad 49. 

TART DE BRYMLENT [1]. XX. VIII. VII. 

Take Fyges & Raysouns. & waisshe hem in Wyne. And grinde hem smalewith apples & peres clene ypiked. Take hem up and cast hem in a potwiþ wyne and sugur. Take salwar Salmoun [2] ysode. Oþer codlyng, oþerhaddok, & bray hem smal. & do þerto white powdours & hool spices. &salt. And seeþ it. And whanne it is sode ynowz. Take it up and do itin a vessel and lat it kele. Make a Coffyn an ynche depe & do þe farsþerin. Plaunt it boue [3] with prunes and damysyns. Take þe stonesout, and wiþ dates quarte rede [4] dand piked clene. And couere thecoffyn, and bake it wel, and serue it forth. 

[1] Brymlent. Perhaps Midlent or High Lent. _Bryme_, in Cotgrave, is

 the _midst_ of Winter. The fare is certainly lenten. A. S. [Anglo- Saxon: bryme]. Solennis, or beginning of Lent, from A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: brymm], ora, margo. Yet, after all, it may be a mistake for _Prymlent_. [2] salwar Samoun. V. Ad No. 98. [3] plaunt it above. Stick it _above_, or on the top. [4] quarte red. Quartered. 

TARTES OF FLESH [1]. XX. VIII. VIII. 

Take Pork ysode and grynde it smale. Tarde [2] harde eyrenn isode &ygrounde and do þerto with Chese ygronde. Take gode powdour and hoolspices, sugur, safroun, and salt & do þerto. Make a coffyn as to feelsayde [3] & do þis þerinne, & plaunt it with smale briddes istyned &counyng. & hewe hem to smale gobettes & bake it as tofore. & serue itforth. 

[1] Tartes of Flesh. So we have _Tarte Poleyn_, Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. I. E. Of Pullen, or Poultry. [2] tarde, r. _take_. For see No. 169. [3] to feel sayde. Perhaps, _to hold the same_. 

TARTLETES. XX. VIII. IX. 

Take Veel ysode and grinde it smale. Take harde Eyrenn isode andyground & do þerto with prunes hoole [1]. Dates. Icorue. Pynes andRaisouns coraunce. Hool spices & powdour. Sugur. Salt, and make alitell coffyn and do þis fars þerinne. & bake it & serue it forth. 

[1] hoole, whole. 

TARTES OF FYSSHE. XX. VIII. X. 

Take Eelys and Samoun and smyte hem on pecys. & stewe it [1] inalmaund mylke and verious. Drawe up on almaund mylk wiþ þe stewe. Pyke out the bones clene of þe fyssh. And save þe myddell pece hooleof þe Eelys & grinde þat ooþer fissh smale. And do þerto powdour, sugur, & salt and grated brede. & fors þe Eelys þerwith þerer as [2]þe bonys were medle þe ooþer dele of the fars & þe mylk togider. Andcolour it with saundres. Make a crust in a trape as before. And bakeit þerin and serue it forth. 

[1] it. Rather hem, i. E. Them. [2] þereras. Where. V. No. 177. 

SAMBOCADE [1]. XX. VIII. XI. 

Take and make a Crust in a trape. & take a cruddes and wryng out þewheyze. And drawe hem þurgh a straynour and put in þe straynourcrustes. Do þerto sugur the þridde part & somdel [2] whyte of Ayrenn. & shake þerin blomes of elren [3]. & bake it up with curose [4] &messe it forth. 

[1] Sambucade. As made of the _Sambucus_, or Elder. [2] Somdel. Some. [3] Blom of Elren. Elder flowers. [4] curose. 

ERBOLATES [1]. XX. VIII. XII. 

Take parsel, myntes [2], sauerey, & sauge, tansey, veruayn, clarry, rewe, ditayn, fenel, southrenwode, hewe hem & grinde hem smale, medlehem up with Ayrenn. Do butter in a trape. & do þe fars þerto. & bakeit & messe it forth. 

[1] Erbolat, i. E. Herbolade, a confection of herbs. [2] myntes, mint. 

NYSEBEK [1]. XX. VIII. XIII. 

Take þere þridde part of sowre Dokkes and flour þerto. & bete ittogeder tyl it be as towh as eny lyme. Cast þerto salt. & do it in adisshe holke [2] in þe bothom, and let it out wiþ þy fingerqueynchche [3] in a chowfer [4] wiþ oile. & frye it wel. And whan itis ynowhz: take it out and cast þerto suger &c. 

[1] Nysebek. Qu. [2] holke. Qu. Hollow. [3] queynchche. An _queyntlich'_, as No. 162. [4] Chowfer. Chaffing dish, as No. 162. 

FOR TO MAKE POMME DORRYLE [1] AND OÞER ÞNGES. XX. VIII. XIIII. 

Take þe lire of Pork rawe. And grynde it smale. Medle it up wiþpowdre fort, safroun, and salt, and do þerto Raisouns of Coraunce, make balles þerof. And wete it wele in white of ayrenn. & do it toseeþ in boillyng water. Take hem up and put hem on a spyt. Rost hemwel and take parsel ygronde and wryng it up with ayren & a party offlour. And lat erne [2] aboute þe spyt. And if þou wilt, take forparsel safroun, and serue it forth. 

[1] Pomme dorryle. Contents, _pom dorryes_, rectè, for MS. Ed. 42, has _Pommedorry_; and see No. 177. So named from the _balls_ and _the gilding_. "Pommes dorées, golden apples. " Cotgrave. _Poundorroye_. MS. Ed. 58; but vide _Dorry_ in Gloss. 

[2] erne. Qu. 

COTAGRES [1]. XX. VIII. XV. 

Take and make þe self fars [2]. But do þerto pynes and sugur. Take anhole rowsted cok, pulle hym [3] & hylde [4] hym al togyder saue þelegges. Take a pigg and hilde [5] hym fro þe myddes dounward, fyllehim ful of þe fars & sowe hym fast togider. Do hym in a panne & seeþhym wel. And whan þei bene isode: do hem on a spyt & rost it wele. Colour it with zolkes of ayren and safroun, lay þeron foyles [6] ofgold and of siluer. And serue hit forth. 

[1] Cotagres. This is a sumptuous dish. Perhaps we should read _Cokagres_, from the _cock_ and _grees_, or wild pig, therein used. V. _vyne grace_ in Gloss. [2] self fars. Same as preceding Recipe. [3] pulle hym, i. E. In pieces. [4] hylde. Cast. [5] hilde. Skin. [6] foyles. Leaves; of Laurel or Bay, suppose; gilt and silvered for ornament. 

HERT ROWEE [1]. XX. VIII. XVI. 

Take þer mawe of þe grete Swyne. And fyfe oþer sex of pigges mawe. Fyll hem full of þe self fars. & sowe hem fast, perboile hem. Takehem up & make smale prews [2] of gode past and frye hem. Take þeseprews yfryed & seeþ [3] hem þicke in þe mawes on þe fars made after[4] an urchoun withoute legges. Put hem on a spyt & roost hem &colour hem with safroun & messe hem forth. 

[1] Hert rowee. Contents, _Hart rows_; perhaps from _heart_. [2] prews. Qu. V. In Gloss. [3] seeþ. There is a fault here; it means stick. [4] after, i. E. Like. 

POTEWS [1]. XX. VIII. XVII. 

Take Pottes of Erþe lytell of half a quart and fyll hemfull of fars of pomme dorryes [2]. Oþer make with þyn honde. Oþer ina moolde pottes of þe self fars. Put hem in water & seeþ hem up wel. And whan þey buth ynowz. Breke þe pottes of erþe & do þe fars on þespyt & rost hem wel. And whan þei buth yrosted. Colour hem as pommedorryes. Make of litull prewes [3] gode past, frye hem oþer rost hemwel in grece. & make þerof Eerys [4] to pottes & colour it. And makerosys [5] of gode past, & frye hem, & put þe steles [6] in þe holeþer [7] þe spyt was. & colour it with whyte. Oþer rede. & serue itforth. 

[1] Potews. Probably from the _pots_ employed. [2] pomme dorryes. Vide ad No. 174. [3] prewes. V. Ad 176. [4] eerys. Ears _for_ the pots. V. 185. [5] rosys. Roses. [6] sleles. Stalks. [7] þer. There, i. E. Where. V. 170. 

SACHUS [1]. XX. VIII. XVIII. 

Take smale Sachellis of canuas and fille hem full of þe same fars [2]& seeþ hem. And whan þey buth ynowz take of the canvas, rost hem &colour hem &c. 

[1] Sachus. I suppose _sacks_. [2] same fars. Viz. As 174. 

BURSEWS [1]. XX. VIII. XIX. 

Take Pork, seeþ it and grynde it smalewiþ sodden ayren. Do þerto gode powdours and hole spices and saltwith sugur. Make þerof smale balles, and cast hem in a batour [2] ofayren. & wete hem in flour. And frye hem in grece as frytours [3]. And serue hem forth. 

[1] Bursews. Different from _Bursen_ in No. 11; therefore qu. Etymon. [2] Batour. Batter. [3] frytours. Fritters. 

SPYNOCHES [1] YFRYED. XX. IX. 

Take Spynoches. Perboile hem in seþyng water. Take hem up andpresse . . . Out of þe water [2] and hem [3] in two. Frye hem in oileclene. & do þerro powdour. & serue forth. 

[1] Spynoches. Spinage, which we use in the singular. [2] out of the water. Dele _of_; or it may mean, _when out of the water_. [3] hem r. _hewe_. 

BENES YFRYED. XX. IX. I. 

Take benes and seeþ hem almost til þey bersten. Take and wryng outþer water clene. Do þerto Oynouns ysode and ymynced. And garlecþerwith. Frye hem in oile. Oþer in grece. & do þerto powdour douce. &serue it forth. 

RYSSHEWS [1] OF FRUYT. XX. IX. II. 

Take Fyges and raisouns. Pyke hem and waisshe hem in Wyne. Grynde hemwiþ apples and peeres. Ypared and ypiked clene. Do þerto godepowdours. And hole spices. Make bailes þerof. Fryen in oile and seruehem forth. 

[1] Rysshews. _russhewses_, Contents. Qu. 

DARYOLS [1]. XX. IX. III. 

Take Creme of Cowe mylke. Oþer of Almandes. Do þerto ayren with sugur, safroun, and salt, medle it yfere. Do it in a coffyn. Of II. Ynchedepe. Bake it wel and serue it forth, [1] Daryols. Qu. 

FLAUMPENS [1]. XX. IX. IIII. 

Take fat Pork ysode. Pyke it clene. Grynde it smale. Grynde Chese &do þerto. Wiþ sugur and gode powdours. Make a coffyn of an ynche depe. And do þis fars þerin. Make a thynne foile of gode past & kerue outþeroff smale poyntes [2]. Frye hem in fars [3]. & bake it up &c. 

[1] Flaumpeyns. _Flaumpens_, Contents. V. No. 113. [2] Points, seems the same as _Prews_, No. 176. [3] in fars, f. _in the fars_; and yet the Fars is disposed of before; ergo quære. 

CHEWETES [1] ON FLESSHE DAY. XX. IX. V. 

Take þer lire of Pork and kerue it al to pecys. And hennes þerwithand do it in a panne and frye it & make a Coffyn as to [2] a pyesmale & do þerinne. & do þeruppon zolkes of ayrenn. Harde. Powdour ofgyngur and salt, couere it & fry it in grece. Oþer bake it wel andserue it forth. 

[1] Chewets. V. 186. [2] as to, as for. V. No. 177. 

CHEWETES ON FYSSH DAY. XX. IX. VI. 

Take Turbut. Haddok. Codlyng. And hake. And seeþ it. Grynde it smale. And do þerto Dates. Ygrounden. Raysouns pynes. Gode powdoer and salt. Make a Coffyn as tofore saide. Close þis þerin. And frye it in oile. Oþer stue it in gyngur. Sugur. Oþer in wyne. Oþer bake it. & serueforth. 

HASTLETES [1] OF FRUYT. XX. IX. VII. 

Take Fyges iquarterid [2]. Raysouns hool dates and Almandes hoole. And ryne [3] hem on a spyt and roost hem. And endore [4] hem as pommedorryes & serue hem forth. 

[1] Hastletes. _Hasteletes_, Contents. [2] iquarterid. Iquartered. [3] ryne. Run. [4] endore. Endorse, MS. Ed. 42. II. 6. V. Ad 147. 

COMADORE [1]. XX. IX. VII. 

Take Fyges and Raisouns. Pyke hem and waisshe hem clene, skalde hemin wyne. Grynde hem right smale, cast sugur in þe self wyne. Andfounde it togyder. Drawe it up thurgh a straynour. & alye up þe fruytþerwith. Take gode peerys and Apples. Pare hem and take þe best, grynde hem smale and cast þerto. Set a pot on þe fuyrer [2] wiþ oyleand cast alle þise þynges þerinne. And stere it warliche, and kepe itwel fro brennyng. And whan it is fyned cast þerto powdours of gyngerof canel. Of galyngale. Hool clowes flour of canel. & macys hoole. Cast þerto pynes a litel fryed in oile & salt, and whan it is ynowzfyned: take it up and do it in a vessel & lat it kele. And whan it iscolde: kerue out with a knyf smale pecys of þe gretnesse & of þelength of a litel fyngur. & close it fast in gode past. & frye hen inoile. & serue forth. 

[1] Comadore. Qu. [2] Fuyr. Fire. 

CHASTLETES [1], XX. IX. IX. 

Take and make a foyle of gode past with a roller of a foot brode. &lyngur[2] by cumpas. Make iiii Coffyns of þe self past uppon þerolleres þe gretnesse of þe smale of þyn Arme. Of vi ynche depnesse. Make þe gretust [3] in þe myddell. Fasten þe foile in þe mouthupwarde. & fasten þee [4] oþere foure in euery syde. Kerue outkeyntlich kyrnels [5] above in þe manere of bataiwyng [6] and dryehem harde in an Ovene. Oþer in þe Sunne. In þe myddel Coffyn do afars of Pork with gode Pork & ayrenn rawe wiþ salt. & colour it wiþsafroun and do in anoþer Creme of Almandes. And helde [7] it inanoþer [8] creme of Cowe mylke with ayrenn. Colour it with saundres. 

anoþur manur. Fars of Fygur. Of raysouns. Of Apples. Of Peeres. &holde it in broun [9]. 

anoþer manere. Do fars as to frytours blanched. And colour it withgrene. Put þis to þe ovene & bake it wel. & serue it forth with ewardaunt [10]. 

[1] Chastelets. Litlle castles, as is evident from the kernelling and the battlements mentioned. _Castles of jelly templewise made. _ Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. [2] lynger. Longer. [3] gretust. Greatest. [4] þee, i. E. Thou. [5] kyrnels. Battlements. V. Gloss. Keyntlich, quaintly, curiously. V. Gloss. [6] bataiwyng. Embatteling. [7] helde. Put, cast. [8] another. As the middle one and only two more are provided for, the two remaining were to be filled, I presume, in the same manner alternately. [9] holde it broun. Make it brown. [10] ew ardaunt. Hot water. _Eau_, water; anciently written _eue_. 

FOR TO MAKE II. [1] PECYS OF FLESSH TO FASTEN TOGYDER. XX. IX. X. 

Take a pece of fressh Flesh and do it in a pot for to seeþ. Or take apece of fressh Flessh and kerue it al to gobetes. Do it in a pot toseeþ. & take þe wose [2] of comfery & put it in þe pot to þe flessh &it shal fasten anon, & so serue it forth. 

[1] II. _Twey_, Contents. [2] wose. Roots of comfrey are of a very glutinous nature. Quincy. Dispens. P. 100. _Wose_ is A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: paer], _humour_, juice. See Junius. V. _Wos_, and Mr. Strype's Life of Stow, p. VIII. 

PUR FAIT YPOCRAS [1]. XX. IX. XI. Treys Unces de canett. & iii unces

de gyngeuer. Spykenard de Spayn le pays dun denerer [2], garyngale[3]. Clowes, gylofre. Poeurer long [4], noiez mugadez [5]. Maziozame[6] cardemonij [7] de chescun i. Quart' douce [8] grayne & [9] deparadys stour de queynel [10] de chescun dim [11] unce de toutes, soit fait powdour &c. 

[1] Pur fait Ypocras. Id est, _Pour faire Ypocras_; a whole pipe of which was provided for archbishop Nevill's feast about A. D. 1466, So that it was in vast request formerly. [2] le pays d'un denerer, i. E. _le pays d'un Denier_. [3] garyngale, i. E. _galyngale_. [4] poeurer long, r. Poiurer long, i. E. _poivre long_. [5] mugadez, r. Muscadez; but q. As the French is _muguette_. Nutmegs. [6] maziozame, r. _marjorame_. [7] Cardemonij, r. _Cardamones_. [8] quartdouce, r. _d'once. _. Five penny weights. [9] &. Dele. [10] queynel. Perhaps _Canell_; but qu. As that is named before. [11] dim. Dimid. 

FOR TO MAKE BLANK MAUNGER [1]. XX. IX. XII. 

Put Rys in water al a nyzt and at morowe waisshe hem clene, afterwardput hem to þe fyre fort [2] þey berst & not to myche. Ssithen [3]take brawn of Capouns, or of hennes. Soden & drawe [4] it smale. After take mylke of Almandes. And put in to þe Ryys & boile it. Andwhan it is yboiled put in þe brawn & alye it þerwith. þat it be welchargeaunt [5] and mung it fynelich' [6] wel þat it sit not [7] to þepot. And whan it is ynowz & chargeaunt. Do þerto sugur gode part, put þerin almandes. Fryed in white grece. & dresse it forth. 

[1] blank maunger. Very different from that we make now. V. 36. [2] fyre fort. Strong fire. [3] ssithen. Then. [4] drawe. Make. [5] chargeaunt. Stiff. So below, _ynowhz & chargeaunt_. V. 193, 194. V. Gloss. [6] mung it fynelich' wel. Stir it very well. [7] sit not. Adheres not, and thereby burns not. Used now in the North. 

FOR TO MAKE BLANK DESNE [1]. XX. IX. XIII. 

Take Brawn of Hennes or of Capouns ysoden withoute þe skyn. & hewehem as smale as þou may. & grinde hem in a morter. After take godemylke of Almandes & put þe brawn þerin. & stere it wel togyder & dohem to seeþ. & take flour of Rys & amydoun & alay it. So þat it bechargeant. & do þerto sugur a gode party. & a party of white grece. And when it is put in disshes strewe uppon it blaunche powdour, andþenne put in blank desire and mawmenye [2] in disshes togider. Andserue forth. 

[1] blank _Desne_. _Desire_, Contents; rectè. V. Gloss. The Recipe in MS. Ed. 29 is much the same with this. [2] Mawmenye. See No. 194. 

FOR TO MAKE MAWMENNY [1]. XX. IX. XIIII. Take þe chese and of Flessh of Capouns or of Hennes. & hakke smale ina morter. Take mylke of Almandes with þe broth of freissh Beef, oþerfreissh flessh. & put the flessh in þe mylke oþer in the broth and sethem to þe frye [2]. & alye hem up with flour of Ryse. Or gastbon [3]. Or amydoun. As chargeant as with blanke desire. & with zolkes of ayren andsafroun for to make it zelow. And when it is dressit in disshes withblank desire styk above clowes de gilofre. & strewe Powdour ofgalyngale above. And serue it forth. 

[1] Mawmenny. _Mawmoune_, Contents. _Maumene_ MS. Ed. 29. 30. Vide No. 193. See Preface for a _fac-simile_ of this Recipe. [2] þe frye. An fyre?[3] gastbon. Qu. 

THE PETY PERUAUNT [1]. XX. IX. XV. Take male Marow [2]. Hole parade[3] and kerue it rawe. Powdour of Gynger. Zolkes of Ayrenn, datesmynced. Raisouns of coraunce. Salt a lytel. & loke þat þou make þypast with zolkes of Ayren. & þat no water come þerto. And forme þycoffyn. And make up þy past. 

[1] pety peruaunt. A paste; therefore, perhaps, _paty_; but qu. The latter word. [2] male Marow. Qu. [3] parade. Qu. 

PAYN PUFF [1]. XX. IX. XVI. Eodem modo fait payn puff. But make itmore tendre þe past. And loke þe past be rounde of þe payn puf as acoffyn & a pye. 

[1] Payn puff. Contents has, _And the pete puant_. 

[1]XPLICIT. 

[1] A blank was left in the original for a large _E_. 

THE FOLLOWING MEMORANDUM AT THE END OF THE ROLL. 

 "Antiquum hoc monumentum oblatum et missum est majestati vestræ vicesimo septimo die mensis Julij, anno regno vestri fælicissimi vicesimo viij ab humilimo vestro subdito, vestræque, majestati fidelissimo

 EDWARD STAFFORD, Hæres domus subversæ Buckinghamiens. "

N. B. He was Lord Stafford and called Edward. 

Edw. D. Of Bucks beheaded 1521. 13 H. VIII. |Henry, restored in blood by H. VIII. ; and again | [1 Ed. VI. Edw. Aged 21, 1592; born 1592. 21. Ob. 1525. | 21 [f. 1625. Edw. B. 1600. ---- 1571 born. 

ANCIENT COOKERY. A. D. 1381. 

_Hic incipiunt universa servicia tam de carnibus quam de pissibus_[1]. 

I. FOR TO MAKE FURMENTY [1]. 

Nym clene Wete and bray it in a morter wel that the holys [2] gon alof and seyt [3] yt til it breste and nym yt up. And lat it kele [4]and nym fayre fresch broth and swete mylk of Almandys or swete mylkof kyne and temper yt al. And nym the yolkys of eyryn [5]. Boyle it alityl and set yt adoun and messe yt forthe wyth fat venyson and freshmoton. 

[1] See again, No. I. Of the second part of this treatise. [2] Hulls. [3] Miswritten for _seyth_ or _sethe_, i. E. Seeth. [4] cool. [5] eggs. 

II. FOR TO MAKE PISE of ALMAYNE. 

Nym wyte Pisyn and wasch hem and seth hem a good wyle sithsyn waschhem in golde [1] watyr unto the holys gon of alle in a pot and keverit wel that no breth passe owt and boyle hem ryzt wel and do thertogod mylk of Almandys and a party of flowr of ris and salt and safronand messe yt forthe. 

[1] cold. 

III. 

Cranys and Herons schulle be euarund [1] wyth Lardons of swyne androstyd and etyn wyth gyngynyr. 

[1] Perhaps _enarmed_, or _enorned_. See Mr. Brander's Roll, No. 146. 

IV. 

Pecokys and Partrigchis schul ben yparboyld and lardyd and etyn wythgyngenyr. 

V. MORTERELYS [1]. 

Nym hennyn and porke and seth hem togedere nym the lyre [2] of thehennyn and the porke and hakkyth finale and grynd hit al to dust andwyte bred therwyth and temper it wyth the selve broth and wyth heyrynand colure it with safroun and boyle it and disch it and cast theronpowder of peper and of gyngynyr and serve it forthe. 

[1] V. Mortrews in Gloss. [2] Flesh. 

VI. CAPONYS INC ONEYS. 

Schal be sodyn. Nym the lyre and brek it smal In a morter and peperand wyte bred therwyth and temper it wyth ale and ley it wyth thecapoun. Nym hard sodyn eyryn and hewe the wyte smal and kaste theretoand nym the zolkys al hole and do hem in a dysch and boyle the capounand colowre it wyth safroun and salt it and messe it forthe. 

VII. HENNYS [1] IN BRUET. 

Schullyn be scaldyd and sodyn wyth porke and grynd pepyr and comynbred and ale and temper it wyth the selve broth and boyle and colowreit wyth safroun and salt it and messe it forthe. 

[1] Hens. 

VIII. HARYS [1] IN CMEE [2]. 

Schul be parboylyd and lardyd and rostid and nym onyons and myce hemrizt smal and fry hem in wyte gres and grynd peper bred and ale andthe onions therto and coloure it wyth safroun and salt it and serveit forth. 

[1] Hares. [1] Perhaps _Cinee_; for see No. 51. 

IX. HARIS IN TALBOTAYS. 

Schul be hewe in gobbettys and sodyn with al the blod Nym bred piperand ale and grynd togedere and temper it with the selve broth andboyle it and salt it and serve it forthe. 

X. CONYNGGYS [1] IN GRAVEY. 

Schul be sodyn and hakkyd in gobbettys and grynd gyngynyr galyngaleand canel. And temper it up with god almand mylk and boyle it and nymmacys and clowys and kest [2] therin and the conynggis also and salthym [3] and serve it forthe. 

[1] Rabbits. [2] Cast. [3] _it_, or perhaps _hem_. 

XI. FOR TO MAKE A COLYS [1]. 

Nym hennys and schald hem wel. And seth hem after and nym the lyreand hak yt smal and bray it with otyn grotys in a morter and withwyte bred and temper it up wyth the broth Nym the grete bonys andgrynd hem al to dust and kest hem al in the broth and mak it thorw aclothe and boyle it and serve it forthe. 

[1] Cullis. V. Preface. 

XII. FOR TO MAKE NOMBLES [1]. 

Nym the nomblys of the venysoun and wasch hem clene in water and salthem and seth hem in tweye waterys grynd pepyr bred and ale and temperit wyth the secunde brothe and boyle it and hak the nomblys and dotheryn and serve it forthe. 

[1] Umbles. 

XIII. FOR TO MAKE BLANCHE BREWET DE ALYNGYN. 

Nym kedys [1] and chekenys and hew hem in morsellys and seth hem inalmand mylk or in kyne mylke grynd gyngyner galingale and cast thertoand boyle it and serve it forthe. 

[1] Kids. 

XIV. FOR TO MAKE BLOMANGER [1]. 

Nym rys and lese hem and wasch hem clene and do thereto god almandemylk and seth hem tyl they al to brest and than lat hem kele and nymthe lyre of the hennyn or of capouns and grynd hem smal kest thertowite grese and boyle it Nym blanchyd almandys and safroun and sethem above in the dysche and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Blanc-manger. See again, No. 33, 34. II. No. 7. Chaucer writes it _Blankmanger_. 

XV. FOR TO MAKE AFRONCHEMOYLE [1]. 

Nym eyren wyth al the wyte and myse bred and schepys [2] talwe asgret as dyses [3] grynd peper and safroun and cast therto and do hitin the schepis wombe seth it wel and dresse it forthe of brode lechesthynne. 

[1] Frenchemulle d'un mouton. A sheeps call, or kell. Cotgrave. Junius, v. _Moil_, says, "a French moile Chaucero est cibus delicatior, a dish made of marrow and grated bread. "[2] Sheep's fat. [3] dice; square bits, or bits as big as dice. 

XVI. FOR TO MAKE BRYMEUS. 

Nym the tharmys [1] of a pygge and wasch hem clene in water and saltand seth hem wel and than hak hem smale and grynd pepyr and safrounbred and ale and boyle togedere Nym wytys of eyrynn and knede itwyth flour and mak smal pelotys [2] and fry hem with wyte grees anddo hem in disches above that othere mete and serve it forthe. 

[1] Rops, guts, puddings[2] Balls, pellets, from the French _pelote. _

XVII. FOR TO MAKE APPULMOS [1]. 

Nym appelyn and seth hem and lat hem kele and make hem thorw a clotheand on flesch dayes kast therto god fat breyt [2] of Bef and god wytegrees and sugar and safroun and almande mylk on fysch dayes oyle deolyve and gode powdres [3] and serve it forthe. 

[1] See No. 35. [2] Breth, i. E. Broth. See No. 58. [3] Spices ground small. See No. 27, 28. 35. 58. II. No. 4. 17. Or perhaps of Galingale. II. 20. 24. 

XVIII. FOR TO MAKE A FROYS [1]. 

Nym Veel and seth it wel and hak it smal and grynd bred peper andsafroun and do thereto and frye yt and presse it wel upon a bord anddresse yt forthe. 

[1] a Fraise

XIX. FOR TO MAKE FRUTURS [1]. 

Nym flowre and eyryn and grynd peper and safroun and mak therto abatour and par aplyn and kyt hem to brode penys [2] and kest hemtheryn and fry hem in the batour wyth fresch grees and serve itforthe. 

[1] Fritters. [2] Pieces as broad as pennies, or perhaps pecys. 

XX. FOR TO MAKE CHANKE [1]. 

Nym Porke and seth it wel and hak yt smal nym eyryn wyth al the wytysand swyng hem wel al togedere and kast god swete mylke thereto andboyle yt and messe it forthe. 

[1] Quære. 

XXI. FOR TO MAKE JUSSEL. 

Nym eyryn wyth al the wytys and mice bred grynd pepyr and safroun anddo therto and temper yt wyth god fresch broth of porke and boyle itwel and messe yt forthe. 

XXII. FOR TO MAKE GEES [1] IN OCHEPOT [2]. 

Nym and schald hem wel and hew hem wel in gobettys al rawe and sethhem in her owyn grees and cast therto wyn or ale a cuppe ful and myceonyons smal and do therto and boyle yt and salt yt and messe ytforthe. 

[1] Gese. [2] Hochepot. Vide Gloss. 

XXIII. FOR TO MAKE EYRYN IN BRUET. 

Nym water and welle [1] yt and brek eyryn and kast theryn and gryndpeper and safroun and temper up wyth swete mylk and boyle it andhakke chese smal and cast theryn and messe yt forthe. 

[1] Quære the meaning. 

XXIV. FOR TO MAKE CRAYTOUN [1]. 

Tak checonys and schald hem and seth hem and grvnd gyngen' otherpepyr and comyn and temper it up wyth god mylk and do the checonystheryn and boyle hem and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Vide ad No. 60 of the Roll. 

XXV. FOR TO MAKE MYLK ROST. 

Nym swete mylk and do yt in a panne nyn [1] eyryn wyth al the wyteand swyng hem wel and cast therto and colowre yt wyth safroun andboyl it tyl yt wexe thikke and thanne seth [2] yt thorw a culdore [3]and nym that, leyyth [4] and presse yt up on a bord and wan yt yscold larde it and scher yt on schyverys and roste yt on a grydernand serve yt forthe. 

[1] Read _nym_. [2] strain. See No. 27. [3] Cuilinder. [4] That which is left in the cullinder. 

XXVI. FOR TO MAKE CRYPPYS [1]. 

Nym flour and wytys of eyryn sugur other hony and sweyng togedere andmak a batour nym wyte grees and do yt in a posnet and cast the baturthereyn and stury to thou have many [2] and tak hem up and messe hemwyth the frutours and serve forthe. 

[1] Meaning, _crisps_. V. Gloss. [2] It will run into lumps, I suppose. 

XXVII. FOR TO MAKE BERANDYLES [1]. 

Nym Hennys and seth hem wyth god Buf and wan hi ben sodyn nym theHennyn and do awey the bonys and bray smal yn a mortar and temper ytwyth the broth and seth yt thorw a culdore and cast therto powder ofgyngenyr and sugur and graynys of powmis gernatys [2] and boyle ytand dresse yt in dysches and cast above clowys gylofres [3] and macesand god powder [4] serve yt forthe. 

[1] Quære the meaning. [2] Pomegranates. V. No. 39. [3] Not clove-gilliflowers, but _cloves_. See No. 30, 31, 40. [4] See No. 17, note [3]. 

XXVIII. FOR TO MAKE CAPONS IN CASSELYS. 

Nym caponys and schald hem nym a penne and opyn the skyn at the hevyd[1] and blowe hem tyl the skyn ryse from the flesshe and do of theskyn al hole and seth the lyre of Hennyn and zolkys of heyryn and godpowder and make a Farsure [2] and fil ful the skyn and parboyle ytand do yt on a spete and rost yt and droppe [3] yt wyth zolkys ofeyryn and god powder rostyng and nym the caponys body and larde ytand roste it and nym almaunde mylk and amydoun [4] and mak a baturand droppe the body rostyng and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Head. Sax. [Anglo-Saxon: heofod] and [Anglo-Saxon: hevod], hence our _Head_. [2] stuffing. [3] baste. [4] Vide Gloss. 

XXIX. FOR TO MAKE THE BLANK SURRY [1]. 

Tak brann [2] of caponys other of hennys and the thyes [3] wythowtethe skyn and kerf hem smal als thou mayst and grynd hem smal in amorter and tak mylk of Almaundys and do yn the branne and grynd hemthanne togedere and and seth hem togeder' and tak flour of rys otheramydoun and lye it that yt be charchant and do therto sugur a godparti and a party of wyt grees and boyle yt and wan yt ys don indyschis straw upon blank poudere and do togedere blank de sury andmanmene [4] in a dysch and serve it forthe. 

[1] Vide _Blank Desire_ in Gloss. [2] Perhaps _brawn_, the brawny part. See No. 33, and the Gloss. [3] Thighs. [4] See the next number. Quære _Mawmeny_. 

XXX. FOR TO MAKE MANMENE [1]. 

Tak the thyys [2] other the flesch of the caponys fede [3] hem andkerf hem smal into a morter and tak mylk of Almandys wyth broth offresch Buf and do the flesch in the mylk or in the broth and do yt tothe fyre and myng yt togedere wyth flour of Rys othere of wastelysals charchaut als the blank de sure and wyth the zolkys of eyryn forto make it zelow and safroun and wan yt ys dressyd in dysches wythblank de sure straw upon clowys of gelofre [4] and straw upon powdreof galentyn and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Vide Number 29, and the Gloss. [2] Thighs. [3] Quære. [4] See No. 27, note [3]. 

XXXI. FOR TO MAKE BRUET OF ALMAYNE. 

Tak Partrichys rostyd and checonys and qualys rostyd and larkys ywoland demembre the other and mak a god cawdel and dresse the flesch ina dysch and strawe powder of galentyn therupon. Styk upon clowys ofgelofre and serve yt forthe. 

XXXII. FOR TO MAKE BRUET OF LOMBARDYE. 

Tak chekenys or hennys or othere flesch and mak the colowre als redas any blod and tak peper and kanel and gyngyner bred [1] and gryndhem in a morter and a porcion of bred and mak that bruer thenne anddo that flesch in that broth and mak hem boyle togedere and stury itwel and tak eggys and temper hem wyth Jus of Parcyle and wryng hemthorwe a cloth and wan that bruet is boylyd do that therto and mengtham togedere wyth fayr grees so that yt be fat ynow and serve ytforthe. 

[1] This is still in use, and, it seems, is an old compound. 

XXXIII. FOR TO MAKE BLOMANGER [1]. 

Do Ris in water al nyzt and upon the morwe wasch hem wel and do hemupon the fyre for to [2] they breke and nozt for to muche and takBrann [3] of Caponis sodyn and wel ydraw [4] and smal and tak almaundmylk and boyle it wel wyth ris and wan it is yboylyd do the fleschtherin so that it be charghaunt and do therto a god party of sugureand wan it ys dressyd forth in dischis straw theron blaunche Pouderand strik [5] theron Almaundys fryed wyt wyte grece [6] and serve ytforthe. 

[1] See No. 14. [2] till. _for_, however, abounds. [3] See No. 29. Note d. [4] Perhaps, _strained_. See No. 49; and Part II. No. 33. [5] Perhaps, _stik_, i. E. Stick; but see 34. [6] Grese. Fat, or lard. 

XXXIV. FOR TO MAKE SANDALE THAT PARTY TO BLOMANGER. 

Tak Flesch of Caponys and of Pork sodyn kerf yt smal into a mortertogedere and bray that wel. And temper it up wyth broth of Caponysand of Pork that yt be wel charchaunt also the crem of Almaundys andgrynd egges and safroun or sandres togedere that it be coloured andstraw upon Powder of Galentyn and strik thereon clowys and maces andserve it forthe. 

XXXV. FOR TO MAKE APULMOS [1]. 

Tak Applys and seth hem and let hem kele and after mak hem thorwe acloth and do hem im a pot and kast to that mylk of Almaundys wyth godbroth of Buf in Flesch dayes do bred ymyed [2] therto. And the fischdayes do therto oyle of olyve and do therto sugur and colour it wythsafroun and strew theron Powder and serve it forthe. 

[1] See No. 17. [2] ymyced, i. E. _minced_. 

XXXVI. FOR TO MAKE METE GELEE [1] THAT IT BE WEL CHARIAUNT. 

Tak wyte wyn and a party of water and safroun and gode spicis andflesch of Piggys or of Hennys or fresch Fisch and boyle them togedereand after wan yt ys boylyd and cold dres yt in dischis and serve ytforthe. 

[1] meat jelly. 

XXXVII. FOR TO MAKE MURREY [1]. 

Tak mulbery [2] and bray hem in a morter and wryng [3] hem thorth acloth and do hem in a pot over the fyre and do thereto fat bred andwyte gresse and let it nazt boyle no ofter than onys and do thereto agod party of sugur and zif yt be nozt ynowe colowrd brey mulburus andserve yt forthe. 

[1] Morrey. Part II. No. 26. [2] This is to be understood pluraly, _quasi_ mulberries. [2] Read _wryng_. For see part II. No. 17. 2B. Chaucer, v. _wronge_ and _ywrong_. 

XXXVIII. FOR TO MAKE A PENCHE OF EGGES. 

Tak water and do it in a panne to the fyre and lat yt sethe and aftertak eggs and brek hem and cast hem in the water and after tak a cheseand kerf yt on fowr partins and cast in the water and wanne the cheseand the eggys ben wel sodyn tak hem owt of the water and wasch hem inclene water and tak wastel breed and temper yt wyth mylk of a kow. And after do yt over the fyre and after forsy yt wyth gyngener andwyth cornyn and colowr yt wyth safroun and lye yt wyth eggys and oylethe sewe wyth Boter and kep wel the chese owt and dresse the sewe anddymo [1] eggys thereon al ful and kerf thy chese in lytyl schyms anddo hem in the sewe wyth eggys and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Perhaps, _do mo_, i. E. Put more. 

XXXIX. FOR TO MAKE COMYN. 

Tak god Almaunde mylk and lat yt boyle and do ther'in amydoun wythflowr of Rys and colowr yt wyth safroun and after dresse yt wythgraynis of Poungarnetts [1] other wyth reysens zyf thow hast nonother and tak sugur and do theryn and serve it forthe. 

[1] Vide No. 27. 

XIV. For to make Fruturs [1]. 

Tak crommys [2] of wyte bred and the flowris of the swete Appyltreand zolkys of Eggys and bray hem togedere in a morter and temper ytup wyth wyte wyn and mak yt to sethe and wan yt is thykke do theretogod spicis of gyngener galyngale canel and clowys gelosre and serveyt forth;

[1] Fritters. [2] Crumbs. 

XLI. For to make Rosee [1]. 

Tak the flowris of Rosys and wasch hem wel in water and after brayhem wel in a morter and than tak Almondys and temper hem and seth hemand after tak flesch of capons or of hennys and hac yt smale and thanbray hem wel in a morter and than do yt in the Rose [2] so that theflesch acorde wyth the mylk and so that the mete be charchaunt andafter do yt to the fyre to boyle and do thereto sugur and safrounthat yt be wel ycolowrd and rosy of levys and of the forseyde flowrysand serve yt forth. 

[1] Vide No. 47. [2] i. E. Rosee. 

XLII. FOR TO MAKE POMMEDORRY [1]. 

Tak Buff and hewe yt smal al raw and cast yt in a morter and grynd ytnozt to smal tak safroun and grynd therewyth wan yt ys grounde takthe wyte of the eyryn zyf yt be nozt styf. Cast into the Buf pouderof Pepyr olde resyns and of coronse set over a panne wyth fayr waterand mak pelotys of the Buf and wan the water and the pelots ys welyboylyd and [2] set yt adoun and kele yt and put yt on a broche androst yt and endorre yt wyth zolkys of eyryn and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Vide No. 58. [2] dele _and_. 

XLIII. FOR TO MAKE LONGE DE BUF [1]. 

Nym the tonge of the rether [2] and schalde and schawe [3] yt wel andrizt clene and seth yt and sethe nym a broche [4] and larde yt wythlardons and wyth clowys and gelofre and do it rostyng and drop yt welyt rostyd [5] wyth zolkys of eyrin and dresse it forthe. 

[1] Neat's Tongue. _Make_ signifies _to dress_, as II. 12. [2] The ox or cow. Lye in Jun. Etymolog. V. _Rother_. [3] Shave, scrape. [4] A larding-pin. [5] Pehaps, _wyle it rostyth_. 

XLIV. FOR TO MAKE REW DE RUMSY. 

Nym swynys fet and eyr [1] and make hem clene and seth hem alf wythwyn and half wyth water cast mycyd onyons thereto and god spicis andwan they be ysodyn nym and rosty hem in a grydere wan it is yrostydkest thereto of the selve broth hy lyed wyth amydoun and anyeydonyons [2] and serve yt forth. 

[1] To be understood plurally, _Ears_. [2] Miswritten for _mycyd_, i. E. Minced onyons. 

XLV. FOR TO MAKE BUKKENADE [1]. 

Nym god fresch flesch wat maner so yt be and hew yt in smale morselysand seth yt wyth gode fresch buf and cast thereto gode mynced onyonsand gode spicerye and alyth [2] wyth eyryn and boyle and dresse ytforth. 

[1] Vide No. 52. [2] Stiffen, thicken it. See No. 44. Where _lyed_ has that sense. See also 46. 

XLVI. FOR TO MAKE SPINE [1]. 

Nym the flowrys of the haw thorn clene gaderyd and bray hem al todust and temper hem wyth Almaunde mylk and aly yt wyth amydoun andwyth eyryn wel rykke [2] and boyle it and messe yt forth and flowrysand levys abovyn on [3]. 

[1] This dish, no doubt, takes its name from _Spina_, of which it is made. [2] Read, þykke, _thykke_. [3] It means _laid upon it_. 

XLVII. FOR TO MAKE ROSEE [1] AND FRESEE AND SWAN SCHAL BE YMAD IN THESELVE MANER. 

Nym pyggus and hennys and other maner fresch flesch and hew yt inmorselys and seth yt in wyth wyn and [2] gyngyner and galyngale andgelofre and canel [3] and bray yt wel and kest thereto and alye ytwyth amydoun other wyth flowr of rys. 

[1] Vide No. 41. [2] Perhaps, _in wyn with_. [3] Cinamon. Vide Gloss. 

XLVIII. FOR TO MAKE AN AMENDEMENT FORMETE THAT YS TO [1] SALT ANDOVER MYCHYL. 

Nym etemele and bynd yt in a fayr lynnen clowt and lat yt honge inthe pot so that yt thowche nozt the bottym and lat it hongy thereynnea god wyle and seþh [2] set yt fro the fyre and let yt kele and ytschal be fresch ynow wythoute any other maner licowr ydo thereto. 

[1] id est, _too_. [2] Read, seth, i. E. Then. 

XLIX. FOR TO MAKE RAPY [1]. 

Tak Fygys and reysyns and wyn and grynd hem togeder tak and draw hemthorw a cloth and do thereto powder of Alkenet other of rys and dothereto a god quantite of pepir and vyneger and boyle it togeder andmesse yt and serve yt forth. 

[1] Vide Part II. No. 1. 28. 

L. FOR TO MAKE AN EGGE DOWS [1]. 

Tak Almaundys and mak god mylk and temper wyth god wyneger clene takreysynys and boyle hem in clene water and tak the reysynis and takhem owt of the water and boyle hem wyth mylk and zyf thow wyl colowryt wyth safron and serve yt forth. 

[1] Vide ad Part II. No. 21. There are no eggs concerned, so no doubt it should be _Eger Dows_. Vide Gloss. 

LI. FOR TO MAKE A MALLARD IN CYNEY [1]. 

Tak a mallard and pul hym drye and swyng over the fyre draw hym butlat hym touche no water and hew hym in gobettys and do hym in a potof clene water boyle hem wel and tak onyons and boyle and bred andpepyr and grynd togedere and draw thorw a cloth temper wyth wyn andboyle yt and serve yt forth. 

[1] See No. 8. 

LII. FOR TO MAKE A BUKKENADE [1]. 

Tak veel and boyle it tak zolkys of eggys and mak hem thykke takmacis and powdre of gyngyner and powder of peper and boyle yt togederand messe yt forth. 

[1] Vide No. 45. 

LIII. FOR TO MAKE A ROO BROTH [1]. 

Tak Parsile and Ysop and Sauge and hak yt smal boil it in wyn and in

water and a lytyl powdre of peper and messe yt forth. 

[1] _Deer_ or _Roes_ are not mentioned, as in Mr. Brander's Roll, No. 14, ergo quære. It is a meager business. Can it mean _Rue-Broth_ for penitents?

LIV. FOR TO MAK A BRUET OF SARCYNESSE. 

Tak the lyre of the fresch Buf and bet it al in pecis and bred andfry yt in fresch gres tak it up and and drye it and do yt in a vesselwyth wyn and sugur and powdre of clowys boyle yt togedere tyl theflesch have drong the liycoure and take the almande mylk and quibibzmacis and clowys and boyle hem togedere tak the flesch and do theretoand messe it forth. 

LV. FOR TO MAKE A GELY [1]. 

Tak hoggys fet other pyggys other erys other partrichys otherchiconys and do hem togedere and serh [2] hem in a pot and do hem inflowre of canel and clowys other or grounde [3] do thereto vinegerand tak and do the broth in a clene vessel of al thys and tak theFlesch and kerf yt in smal morselys and do yt therein tak powder ofgalyngale and cast above and lat yt kels tak bronches of the lorertre and styk over it and kep yt al so longe as thou wilt and serve ytforth. 

[1] Jelly. [2] seþ, i. E. _seeth_. [3] Not clearly expressed. It means either Cinamon or Cloves, and either in flour or ground. 

LVI. FOR TO KEPE VENISON FRO RESTYNG. 

Tak venisoun wan yt ys newe and cuver it hastely wyth Fern that nowynd may come thereto and wan thou hast ycuver yt wel led yt hom anddo yt in a soler that fonne ne wynd may come thereto and dimembre itand do yt in a clene water and lef yt there half a day and after doyt up on herdeles for to drie and wan yt ys drye tak salt and doafter thy venisoun axit [1] and do yt boyle in water that yt be other[2] so salt als water of the see and moche more and after lat thewater be cold that it be thynne and thanne do thy Venisoun in thewater and lat yt be therein thre daies and thre nyzt [3] and aftertak yt owt of the water and salt it wyth drie salt ryzt wel in abarel and wan thy barel ys ful cuver it hastely that sunne ne wyndcome thereto. 

[1] as thy venison requires. See Gloss. To Chaucer for _axe_. [2] Dele. [3] A plural, as in No. 57. 

LVII. FOR TO DO AWAY RESTYN [1] OF VENISOUN. 

Tak the Venisoun that ys rest and do yt in cold water and after makan hole in the herthe and lat yt be thereyn thre dayes and thre nyztand after tak yt up and spot yt wel wyth gret salt of peite [2] therewere the restyng ys and after lat yt hange in reyn water al nyzt ormore. 

[1] Restiness. It should be rather _restyng_. See below. [2] Pierre, or Petre. 

LVIII. FOR TO MAKE POUNDORROGE [1]. 

Tak Partrichis wit [2] longe filettis of Pork al raw and hak hem welsmale and bray hem in a morter and wan they be wel brayed do theretogod plente of pouder and zolkys of eyryn and after mak thereof aFarsure formed of the gretnesse of a onyoun and after do it boyle ingod breth of Buf other of Pork after lat yt kele and after do it on abroche of Hasel and do them to the fere to roste and after mak godbature of floure and egge on bature wyt and another zelow and dothereto god plente of sugur and tak a fethere or a styk and tak ofthe bature and peynte thereon above the applyn so that on be wyt andthat other zelow wel colourd. 

[1] Vide No. 42. [2] with. 

EXPLICIT SERVICIUM DE CARNIBUS. 

Hic incipit Servicium de Pissibus_ [1]. 

[1] See p. 1

I. FOR TO MAKE EGARDUSE [1]. 

Tak Lucys [2] or Tenchis and hak hem smal in gobette and fry hem inoyle de olive and syth nym vineger and the thredde party of sugur andmyncyd onyons smal and boyle al togedere and cast thereyn clowysmacys and quibibz and serve yt forthe. 

[1] See No. 21 below, and part I. No. 50. [2] Lucy, I presume, means the _Pike_; so that this fish was known here long before the reign of H. VIII. Though it is commonly thought otherwise. V. Gloss. 

II. FOR TO MAKE RAPY [1]. 

Tak pyg' or Tenchis or other maner fresch fysch and fry yt wyth oylede olive and syth nym the crustys of wyt bred and canel and bray ytal wel in a mortere and temper yt up wyth god wyn and cole [2] ytthorw an hersyve and that yt be al cole [3] of canel and boyle yt andcast therein hole clowys and macys and quibibz and do the fysch indischis and rape [4] abovyn and dresse yt forthe. 

[1] Vide No. 49. [2] Strain, from Lat. _colo_. [3] Strained, or cleared. [4] This Rape is what the dish takes its name from. Perhaps means _grape_ from the French _raper_. Vide No. 28. 

III. FOR TO MAKE FYGEY. 

Nym Lucys or tenchis and hak hem in morsell' and fry hem tak vynegerand the thredde party of sugur myncy onyons smal and boyle al togedyrcast ther'yn macis clowys quibibz and serve yt forth. 

IIII. FOR TO MAKE POMMYS MORLES. 

Nym Rys and bray hem [1] wel and temper hem up wyth almaunde mylk andboyle yt nym applyn and par' hem and sher hem smal als dicis and casthem ther'yn after the boylyng and cast sugur wyth al and colowr ytwyth safroun and cast ther'to pouder and serve yt forthe. 

[1] Rice, as it consists of grains, is here considered as a plural. See also No. 5. 7, 8. 

V. FOR TO MAKE RYS MOYLE [1]. 

Nym rys and bray hem ryzt wel in a morter and cast ther'to godAlmaunde mylk and sugur and salt boyle yt and serve yt forth. 

[1] Vide Gloss. 

VI. FOR TO MAKE SOWPYS DORRY. 

Nym onyons and mynce hem smale and fry hem in oyl dolyf Nym wyn andboyle yt wyth the onyouns roste wyte bred and do yt in dischis andgod Almande mylk also and do ther'above and serve yt forthe. 

VII. FOR TO MAKE BLOMANGER [1] OF FYSCH. 

Tak a pound of rys les hem wel and wasch and seth tyl they breste andlat hem kele and do ther'to mylk of to pound of Almandys nym the

Perche or the Lopuster and boyle yt and kest sugur and salt alsother'to and serve yt forth. 

[1] See note on No. 14. Of Part I. 

VIII. FOR TO MAKE A POTAGE OF RYS. 

Tak Rys and les hem and wasch hem clene and seth hem tyl they bresteand than lat hem kele and seth cast ther'to Almand mylk and colour itwyth safroun and boyle it and messe yt forth. 

IX. FOR TO MAKE LAMPREY FRESCH IN GALENTYNE [1]. 

Schal be latyn blod atte Navel and schald yt and rost yt and ley ytal hole up on a Plater and zyf hym forth wyth Galentyn that be mad ofGalyngale gyngener and canel and dresse yt forth. 

[1] This is a made or compounded thing. See both here, and in the next Number, and v. Gloss. 

X. FOR TO MAKE SALT LAMPREY IN GALENTYNE [1]. 

Yt schal be stoppit [2] over nyzt in lews water and in braan andflowe and sodyn and pyl onyons and seth hem and ley hem al hol by theLomprey and zif hem forthe wyth galentyne makyth [3] wyth strongvyneger and wyth paryng of wyt bred and boyle it al togeder' andserve yt forthe. 

[1] See note [1] on the last Number. [2] Perhaps, _steppit_, i. E. Steeped. See No. 12. [3] Perhaps, _makyd_, i. E. Made. 

XI. FOR TO MAKE LAMPREYS IN BRUET. 

They schulle be schaldyd and ysode and ybrulyd upon a gredern andgrynd peper and safroun and do ther'to and boyle it and do theLomprey ther'yn and serve yt forth. 

XII. FOR TO MAKE A STORCHOUN. 

He schal be shorn in besys [1] and stepyd [2] over nyzt and sodynlonge as Flesch and he schal be etyn in venegar. 

[1] Perhaps, _pesys_, i. E. Pieces. [2] Qu. _steppit_, i. E. Steeped. 

XIII. FOR TO MAKE SOLYS IN BRUET. 

They schal be fleyn and sodyn and rostyd upon a gredern and gryndPeper and Safroun and ale boyle it wel and do the sole in a platerand the bruet above serve it forth. 

XIV. FOR TO MAKE OYSTRYN IN BRUET. 

They schul be schallyd [1] and ysod in clene water grynd pepersafroun bred and ale and temper it wyth Broth do the Oystrynther'ynne and boyle it and salt it and serve it forth. 

[1] Have shells taken off. 

XV. FOR TO MAKE ELYS IN BRUET. 

They schul be flayn and ket in gobett' and sodyn and grynd peper andsafroun other myntys and persele and bred and ale and temper it wyththe broth and boyle it and serve it forth. 

XVI. FOR TO MAKE A LOPISTER. 

He schal be rostyd in his scalys in a ovyn other by the Feer under apanne and etyn wyth Veneger. 

XVII. FOR TO MAKE PORREYNE. 

Tak Prunys fayrist wasch hem wel and clene and frot hem wel in syvefor the Jus be wel ywronge and do it in a pot and do ther'to wyt gresand a party of sugur other hony and mak hem to boyle togeder' and makyt thykke with flowr of rys other of wastel bred and wan it is sodyndresse it into dischis and strew ther'on powder and serve it forth. 

XVIII. FOR TO MAKE CHIRESEYE. 

Tak Chiryes at the Fest of Seynt John the Baptist and do away thestonys grynd hem in a morter and after frot hem wel in a seve so thatthe Jus be wel comyn owt and do than in a pot and do ther'in feyrgres or Boter and bred of wastrel ymyid [1] and of sugur a god partyand a porcioun of wyn and wan it is wel ysodyn and ydressyd inDyschis stik ther'in clowis of Gilofr' and strew ther'on sugur. 

[1] Perhaps, _ymycid_, i. E. Minced; or _mycd_, as in No. 19. 

XIX. FOR TO MAKE BLANK DE SUR' [1]. 

Tak the zolkys of Eggs sodyn and temper it wyth mylk of a kow and dother'to Comyn and Safroun and flowr' of ris or wastel bred mycd andgrynd in a morter and temper it up wyth the milk and mak it boyle anddo ther'to wit [2] of Egg' corvyn smale and tak fat chese and kerfther'to wan the licour is boylyd and serve it forth. 

[1] Vide Note [1] on No. 29. Of Part I. [2] white. So _wyt_ is _white_ in No. 21. Below. 

XX. FOR TO MAKE GRAVE ENFORSE. 

Tak tryd [1] gyngener and Safroun and grynd hem in a morter andtemper hem up wyth Almandys and do hem to the fir' and wan it boylythwel do ther'to zolkys of Egg' sodyn and fat chese corvyn in gobettisand wan it is dressid in dischis strawe up on Powder of Galyngale andserve it forth. 

[1] It appears to me to be _tryd_. Can it be _fryd_?

XXI. FOR TO MAKE HONY DOUSE [1]. 

Tak god mylk of Almandys and rys and wasch hem wel in a feyr' vesseland in fayr' hoth water and after do hem in a feyr towayl for to drieand wan that they be drye bray hem wel in a morter al to flowr' andafterward tak two partyis and do the half in a pot and that otherhalf in another pot and colowr that on wyth the safroun and lat thatother be wyt and lat yt boyle tyl it be thykke and do ther'to a godparty of sugur and after dresse yt in twe dischis and loke that thouhave Almandys boylid in water and in safroun and in wyn and afterfrie hem and set hem upon the fyre sethith mete [2] and strew ther'onsugur that yt be wel ycolouryt [3] and serve yt forth. 

[1] See Part II. No. I; and Part I. No. 50. [2] Seth it mete, i. E. Seeth it properly. [3] Coloured. See No. 28. Below. 

XXII. FOR TO MAKE A POTAGE FENEBOILES. 

Tak wite benes and seth hem in water and bray the benys in a morteral to nozt and lat them sethe in almande mylk and do ther'in wyn andhony and seth [1] reysons in wyn and do ther'to and after dresse ytforth. 

[1] i. E. Seeth. 

XXIII. FOR TO MAKE TARTYS IN APPLIS. 

Tak gode Applys and gode Spycis and Figys and reysons and Perys andwan they are wel ybrayed colourd [1] wyth Safroun wel and do yt in acofyn and do yt forth to bake wel. 

[1] Perhaps, _coloure_. 

XXIV. FOR TO MAKE RYS ALKER'. 

Tak Figys and Reysons and do awey the Kernelis and a god party ofApplys and do awey the paryng of the Applis and the Kernelis and brayhem wel in a morter and temper hem up with Almande mylk and menge hemwyth flowr of Rys that yt be wel chariaunt and strew ther'upon powderof Galyngale and serve yt forth. 

XXV. FOR TO MAKE TARTYS OF FYSCH OWT OF LENTE. 

Mak the Cowche of fat chese and gyngener and Canel and pur' crym ofmylk of a Kow and of Helys ysodyn and grynd hem wel wyth Safroun andmak the chowche of Canel and of Clowys and of Rys and of gode Spycysas other Tartys fallyth to be. 

XXVI. FOR TO MAKE MORREY [1]. 

Requir' de Carnibus ut supra [2]. 

[1] Vide Part I. No. 37. [2] Part I. No. 37. 

XXVII. FOR TO MAKE FLOWNYS [1] IN LENTE. 

Tak god Flowr and mak a Past and tak god mylk of Almandys and flowrof rys other amydoun and boyle hem togeder' that they be wel chariaudwan yt is boylid thykke take yt up and ley yt on a feyr' bord so thatyt be cold and wan the Cofyns ben makyd tak a party of and do uponthe coffyns and kerf hem in Schiveris and do hem in god mylk ofAlmandys and Figys and Datys and kerf yt in fowr partyis and do yt tobake and serve yt forth. 

[1] Perhaps, _Flawnes_, or Custards. Chaucer, vide _Slaunis_. Fr. _Flans_. 

XXVIII. FOR TO MAKE RAPEE [1]. 

Tak the Crustys of wyt bred and reysons and bray hem wel in a morterand after temper hem up wyth wyn and wryng hem thorw a cloth and dother'to Canel that yt be al colouryt of canel and do ther'to holeclowys macys and quibibz the fysch schal be Lucys other Tenchis fryidor other maner Fysch so that yt be fresch and wel yfryed and do yt inDischis and that rape up on and serve yt forth. 

[1] Vide Part I. No. 49. 

XXIX. FOR TO MAKE A PORREY CHAPELEYN. 

Tak an hundred onyons other an half and tak oyle de Olyf and boyletogeder' in a Pot and tak Almande mylk and boyle yt and do ther'to. Tak and make a thynne Paast of Dow and make therof as it were ryngistak and fry hem in oyle de Olyve or in wyte grees and boil altogedere. 

XXX. FOR TO MAKE FORMENTY ON A FICHSSDAY [1]. 

Tak the mylk of the Hasel Notis boyl the wete [2] wyth the aftermelktil it be dryyd and tak and coloured [3] yt wyth Safroun and theferst mylk cast ther'to and boyle wel and serve yt forth. 

[1] Fishday. [2] white. [3] Perhaps, _colour_. 

XXXI. FOR TO MAKE BLANK DE SYRY [1]. 

Tak Almande mylk and Flowre of Rys. Tak thereto sugur and boyle thystogedere and dische yt and tak Almandys and wet hem in water of Sugurand drye hem in a panne and plante hem in the mete and serve yt forth. 

[1] Vide ad No. 29. Of Part I. 

XXXII. FOR TO MAKE A PYNADE OR PYVADE. 

Take Hony and Rotys of Radich and grynd yt smal in a morter and do ytthereto that hony a quantite of broun sugur and do thereto. TakPowder of Peper and Safroun and Almandys and do al togedere boyl hemlong and hold [1] yt in a wet bord and let yt kele and messe yt anddo yt forth [2]. 

[1] i. E. _keep_, as in next Number. [2] This Recipe is ill expressed. 

XXXIII. FOR TO MAKE A BALOURGLY [1] BROTH. 

Tak Pikys and spred hem abord and Helys zif thou hast fle hem and kethem in gobettys and seth hem in alf wyn [2] and half in water. Tak upthe Pykys and Elys and hold hem hote and draw the Broth thorwe aClothe do Powder of Gyngener Peper and Galyngale and Canel into theBroth and boyle yt and do yt on the Pykys and on the Elys and serveyt forth. 

[1] This is so uncertain in the original, that I can only guess at it. [2] Perhaps, _alf in wyn_, or dele _in_ before _water_. 

EXPLICIT DE COQUINA QUE EST OPTIMA MEDICINA. 

INDEX AND GLOSSARY TO MR. BRANDER'S ROLL OF COOKERY. 

The Numbers relate to the order of the Recipes. 

N. B. Many words are now written as one, which formerly were divided, as al so, up on, &c. Of these little notice is taken in the Index, but I mention it here once for all. 

Our orthography was very fluctuating and uncertain at this time, asappears from the different modes of spelling the same words, v. Togedre; v. Wayshe; v. Ynowkz; v. Chargeant; v. Coraunte; &c. 

A. 

A. Abounds, a gode broth, 5. 26, al a nyzt, 192. _in_. A two, 62. 

an. And. Passim. 

Astir. Proem, like, 176, Wiclif. 

Aray. Dress, set forth, 7. Chaucer. 

Alf. MS. Ed. 45. II. 33. Half. 

Alye it. 7. 33. Mix, thicken, hence _alloy_ of metals. From French_allayer_. Alay, 22. Aly, MS. Ed. 46. See Junij Etymolog. V. Alaye. Lye. Here No. 15. Lyed. Thickened. MS. Ed. 44, 45. Randle Holmeinterprets lyth or lything by thickening. Hence lyour. A mixture, 11. Alith_ for alyed. MS. Editor. No. 45. 

Awey. MS. Ed. 27. II. 18. Away. 

Auance. 6. Forte Avens. _Caryophylla_, Miller, Gard. Dict. 

Axe. MS. Ed. No. 56. Chaucer. 

Ayren. V. Eyren. 

Al, Alle. 23. 53. Proem. All. Chaucer, _al to brest_. All burst. MS. Ed. No. 14. 

Als. MS. Editor. No. 29. Chaucer, in v. It means _as_. 

Almandes. 17. Very variously written at this time, Almaunde, Almandys, Almaundys, Almondes, all which occur in MS. Ed. And mean Almond orAlmonds. 

Almaund mylke. 9. Almonds blanched and drawn thickish with goodbroth or water, No. 51. Is called _thyk mylke_, 52. And is calledafter Almaunde mylke, first and second milk, 116. Almaundsunblaunched, ground, and drawn with good broth, is called mylke, 62. Cow's milk was sometimes used instead of it, as MS. Ed. I. 13. Cremeof Almands how made, 85. Of it, Lel. Coll. VI. P. 17. We hearelsewhere of Almond-butter, v. Butter. 

Azeyn. 24. Again. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 281. Alibi. Chaucer. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: Azen]. 

Aneys, Anyse, 36. 137. Aneys in confit rede other whyt, 36. 38. I. E. Anis or Aniseed confectioned red, or white, used for garnish, 58. 

Amydon. 37. V. Ad locum. 

Almony. 47. V. Ad locum. 

Almayne. 71. Germany, v. Ad loc. MS. Editor, No. 2. 31. 

Alkenet. 47. A species of Buglos. Quincey, Dispens. P. 51. 62. Usedfor colouring, 51. 84. Fryed and yfoundred, or yfondyt, 62. 162. 

Anoon. 53. Anon, immediately. Wiclif. 

Arn. MS. Ed. II. 23. Are. Chaucer, v. _arne_. 

Adoun. 59. 85. Down. V. Chaucer, voce _adoune_. MS. Edit. No. I. 

Avysement. Proem. Advice, Direction. Chaucer. French. 

Aymers. 72. Embers. Sax. [Anglo-Saxon: aemyrian], Cineres. Belg. _ameren_. 

Aquapatys. 75. A Mess or Dish. 

Alker. Rys Alker. MS. Ed. II. 24. 

Appulmoy. 79. A dish. V. Ad loc. Appelyn, Applys, Apples. MS. Ed. 17. 35. 

Abrode. 85. Abrod. MS. Ed. II. 33. Abroad. So _brode_. MS. Ed. 15. Broad. 

Alite. V. Lite. 

Ale. 113. V. Pref. 

Aside. 113. Apart. Wiclif. 

Aysell. 114, 115. A species of Vinegar. Wiclif. Chaucer, v. _Eisel_. 

Alegar. 114. 

Armed. 146. V. Ad loc. 

Alygyn. V. Brewet. 

B. 

Bacon. No. I. 

Benes. I. Alibi Beans. Chaucer, v. _bene_. 

Bef. 6. MS. Ed. 17. Beef, Buf, Buff. MS. Ed. 27. 42, 43. 

Buth. 6. 23. 30. Alibi, been, are. Chaucer has _beth_. 

Ben. MS. Ed. 4. 27. Be. Chaucer v. _bein_ and _ben_. 

Balles. 152. Balls or Pellets. 

Blank Defire. 193, 194. Bis. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. In No. 193, we meetwith _Blank desne_, but the Contents has _Desire_, which is right, as appears from the sequel. In MS. Ed. 29. It is _Blank-Surry_, and_Sury_, and _Sure_, and _de Sur_. II. 19. De Syry, 31. And here No. 37, it is Dessorre. And we have _Samon in Sorry_. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 17. Perches, ibid. Eels p. 28. 30. Where it is a Potage. Whence Iconceive it either means _de Surrey_, i. E. Syria, v. Chaucer. V. _Surrey_. Or it may mean _to be desired_, as we have _Horsys ofDesyr_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 272. See No. 63. And it is plainly written_Desire_ in Godwin de Præsul. P. 697. In this case, the others areall of them corruptions. 

Blank Dessorre. V. Blank Desire. 

Blank Desne. V. Blank Desire. 

Berandyles. MS. Ed. 27. 

Bred, Breed. MS. Ed. Passim. Bread. 

Bove. 167. Above. Chaucer. Belg. _Boven_. 

Blode. 11. Alibi. Blod. MS. Ed. 9. Blood. 

Batour. 149. Of eggs, 161. 179. Batur, 28. Batour. Ibid. 19. Batter. 

Boter. MS. Ed. 38. Butter. 

Borage. 6. 

Betes. 6. Beets. Fr. _Bete_. 

Bursen. N. Name of a dish. Bursews, No. 179, is a different dish. 

Brek. MS. Ed. 6. 23. Break, bruise. 

Brest, breste. MS. Ed. 1. 14. Burst. 

Bukkennade. 17. A dish. Buknade, 118. Where it means a mode ofdressing. Vide MS. Ed. 45. 52. 

Bryddes. 19. Briddes, 60. 62. Birds, per metathesin. Chaucer. 

Brawn of Capons. 20. 84. Flesh. Braun. MS. Ed. 29. V. Chaucer, we nowsay, _brawn of the arm_, meaning the flesh. Hence _brawn-fall'n_. Old Plays, XI. P. 85. Lylie's Euphues, p. 94. 142. Chaucer. Brawn isnow appropriated to these rolls which are made of Brawn or Boar, butit was not so anciently, since in No. 32 we have _Brawn of Swyne_, which shews the word was common to other kinds of flesh as well asthat of the Boar; and therefore I cannot agree with Dr. Wallis indeducing _Brawn _ from _Aprugna_. 

Blank maunger. 36. 192. Chaucer writes _Blank manger_. Blomanger. MS. Ed. 14. 33. 34. II. 7. N. B. A very different thing from what we makenow under that name, and see Holme, III. P. 81. 

Bronchis. MS. Ed. 55. Branches. 

Braan. MS. Ed. II. 10. Bran. 

Bet. MS. Ed. II. 21. Beaten. 

Broche. MS. Ed. 58. A Spit. 

Brewet of Almony. 47. V. Almony. Of Ayrenn, or eggs, 91. MS. Ed. 23. Eles in Brewet, 110. Where it seems to be composed of Bread and Wine. Muskles in Brewet, 122. Hens in Bruet, MS. Ed. 7. Cold, 131. 134. Bruet and Brewet are French _Brouet_, Pottage or Broth. Bruet riche, Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. _Beorwete_, p. 227, as I take it. _BlancheBrewet de Alyngyn_, MS. Ed. 13. 23. 

Boon. 55. Bone. Chaucer. 

Brennyng. 67. 188. Burning, per metathesin, from _bren_ or _brenne_, used by Skelton, in the Invective against Wolsey, and many oldauthors. Hence the disease called brenning or burning. Motte'sAbridgement of Phil. Trans. Part IV. P. 245. Reid's Abridgement, part III. P. 149. Wiclif has _brenne_ and _bryne_. Chaucer, v. _bren_, _Brinne_, &c. 

Blake. 68. Black. Chaucer. 

Berst. 70. 181. 192. Burst. Chaucer. A. S. Berstan. 

Breth. 71. Air, Steam. MS. Ed. N° 2. Hence _brether_, breather. Wiclif. 

Bronn. 74. Brown. A. S. Brun. 

Butter. 81. 91. 92. 160. Boter, MS. Ed. 38. And so _boutry_ isButtery. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 281. _Almonde Butter_. Lel. VI. P. 6. Rabelais, IV. C. 60. 

Bynethen. 92. Under, beneath. Chaucer, bineth. 

Bolas. 95. Bullace. Chaucer. 

Bifore. 102. Before. Wiclif. Matth. Xiv. Chaucer has _biforne_, andbyforne. 

Brasey. A compound sauce, 107. 

Ballac broth. 109. 

Brymlent. Tart de Brymlent. 167. V. Ad loc. 

Bloms. 171. Flowers, Blossoms. Chaucer. 

Bothom. 173. Bottom, pronounced _bothom_ now in the north. Chaucer, bottym, MS. Ed. 48. 

Brode. 189. Broad, v. Abrode. 

Bataiwyng. 189. Embatteling. Qu. If not misread for _bataillyng_. SeeChaucer, v. Batailed. 

Bord. MS. Ed. II. 27. Board. Chaucer. 

Breyt, breth. MS. Ed. 17. 58. Broth. 

Blank Surry. MS. Ed. 29. II. 19. V. Blank Desire. 

Bismeus. MS. Ed. 16. 

C. 

C. Omitted, v. Cok. V. Pluk. V. Pryk. V. Pekok. V. Phifik. V. Thyk. Onthe contrary it often abounds, hence, schulle, should; fresch, fresh;dische, dish; schepys, sheeps; flesch, flesh; fysch, fish; scher, cheer, &c. In MS. Ed. V. Gl. To Chaucer, v. Schal. 

Craftly. Proem. Properly, _secundum artem_. 

Caboches. 4. Alibi. Cabbages. F. Fr. Caboche, Head, Pate. 

Caraway. 53. V. Junij Etymolog. 

Carvon. 152. Carved, cut. Corvyn, MS. Ed. II. 19, 20. Cut. _Corue_, i. E. Corve, 4. Cut. V. Ycorve. V. Kerve. 

Canell. Passim. Cinamon. Wiclif. V. Pref. 

Cuver. MS. Ed. 56. Cover. 

Cumpas. By Cumpas, i. E. Compass, 189. By measure, or round. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 263. 

Cool. 6. Cole or Colwort. Belg. _kool_. 

Corat. 12. Name of a dish. 

Culdore. MS. Ed. 25. 27. A Cullender. Span. Coladers. 

Caffelys. MS. Ed. 28. 

Cranes. 146. _Grues_. V. Ad loc. 

Chyballes. 12. Chibolls, 76. Young Onions. Littleton. Ital _Cibolo_. Lat. Cæpula, according to Menage; and see Lye. 

Colys. MS. Ed. II. See the Pref. 

Cawdel. 15. 33. Caudell, Contents. See Junius. Of Muskels or Muscles, 124. Cawdel Ferry, 41. In E. Of Devon's feast it is _Feny_. 

Conynges. 17. Connynges, 2, 3. Coneys, Rabbets. 

Calle. 152. Cawl of a Swine. 

Connat. 18. A marmolade. V. Ad loc. 

Clowes. 20. Cloves. V. Pref. 

Canuas, or Canvass. 178. Fr, Canevas. Belg. Kanefas. 

Coraunte. Raysouns of Coraunte. 14. So _Rasyns of Corens_, Northumb. Book, p. 19. _Raisin de Corinthie_. Fr. I. E. Of Corinth, whence ourCurrants, which are small Raisins, came, and took their name. _Corance_, 17. 21. _Coraunce_. 50. _Coronse_, MS. Ed. 12. Raisins arecalled by way of contradistinction _grete_ Raysouns, 65. 133. SeeNorthumb. Book, p. 11. 

Coronse. V. Coraunte. 

Chargeant. 192. Stiff. V. Ad loc. MS. Ed. Writes _Charchant_, 29, 30_Charghaunt_, 33. _Charchaunt_, 34. _Chariaunt_. I. E. _Charjaunt_, 36. II. 24. _Chariand_. I. E. _Charjand_, 27. 

Comyn. MS. Ed. 39. 

Colure. MS. Ed. 5. To colour. 

Coneys. 22. Seems to be a kind of sauce. MS. Ed. 6. But the recipethere is different, v. Ad No. 25. 

Chanke. MS. Ed. 20. 

Col, Cole. 23. 52. Cool, also to strain, 70, 71. Alibi. MS. Ed. II. 22. Cleared. 

Comyn. MS. Ed. II. 18. Come. 

Cowche. 24. 154. Lay. MS. Ed. II. 25. Chaucer, v. Couche. 

Cynee. 25. A certain sauce. Perhaps the same with Coney. No. 22. Plays in Cynee, 112. Sooles, 119. Tenches, 120. Oysters, 123. Harys[Hares] in Cmee. MS. Ed. 8. Where doubtless we should read Cinee, since in No. 51 there it is _Cyney_. It is much the same as _bruet_, for _Sooles in Cynee_ here is much the same with _Solys in bruet_. MS. Ed. II. 13. 

Chykens. 27. 33. Chicken is a plural itself. But in MS. Ed. 13. It is_Chekenys_ also; and _Chyckyns_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 1. _Checonys_ MS. Ed. 

Carnel of Pork. 32. V. Ad loc. 

Corvyn. V. Carvon. 

Curlews. 35. Not eaten now at good tables; however they occur inarchb. Nevill's feast. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 1. And see Northumb. Book, p. 106. Rabelais iv. C. 59. And Earl of Devon's Feast. 

Confit, or Confyt. V. Aneys and Colyandre. 

Charlet. 39. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Chese ruayn. 49. 166. Perhaps of Rouen in Normandy, _rouen_ in Fr. Signifies the colour we call _roan_. 

Crems. 52. For singular Cream, written _Creme_, 85. 183. Crem and

Crym, in MS. Ed. 34. II. 24. Fr. _Cresme, Creme_. 

Cormarye. 53. A dish. Qu. 

Colyandre. 53. 128. Where it is _in Confyt rede_, or red. White isalso used for garnish, 59. [Anglo-Saxon: Celenðre], A. S. Ciliandro, Span. 

Chyryse. 58. A made dish of cherries, v. Ad loc. 

Cheweryes. 58. Cherries. V. Ad loc. And MS. Ed. II. 18. Ubi _Chiryes_. 

Crotoun, 60. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Crayton. V. Crotoun. 

Cleeve a two. 62. Cloven. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: cleopan]. 

Cyrip. 64. Sirrup. V. Ad loc. 

Chyches. 72. Vetches, v. Ad loc. 

Chawf. 74 warm. Fr. _Echauffer_, whence Chaucer has _Eschaufe_. 

Clat. 78. A dish. Qu. 

Chef. Proem, chief. Fr. 

Calwar Salmoun. 98. V. Ad loc. 

Compost. 100. A preparation supposed to be always at hand. V. Ad loc. 

Comfery. 190. Comfrey. V. Ad loc. 

Chargeours. 101. Dishes. V. Ad 126. 

Chysanne. 103. To be eaten cold. 

Congur. 104. 115. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 6. Bis. P. 16. _Cungeri_ areamong the fish in Mr. Topham's MS. For the Conger, little used now, see Pennant. III. P. 115. 

Coffyns. 113. Pies raised without their lids, 158. 167. 185. 196. MS. Ed. II. 23. 27. In Wiclif it denotes baskets. 

Comade. 113. Comadore. 188. 

Couertour. 113. Coverture, Lid of a Pye. 

Codlyng. 94. Grete Codelyng, 114. V. Ad loc. 

Chawdoun. 115. For Swans, 143. _Swan with Chawdron_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. Which I suppose may be true orthography. So _Swann withChaudron_. Earl of Devon's Feast. And it appears from a MS. Of Mr. Astle's, where we have among _Sawces Swanne is good with Chaldron_, that _Chaldron_ is a sauce. 

Crome. 131. Pulp, Kernel. Crummes. 159. Chaucer. The Crum is now thesoft part of a loaf, opposed to the crust. 

Cury. Proem. Cookery. We have assumed it in the title. 

Camelyne. 144. A sauce. An _Canelyne_, from the flour of Canel?

Crudds. 150. 171. Curds, per metathesin, as common in the north. 

Crustards. 154. Pies, from the _Crust_. Quære if our _Custard_ be nota corruption of Crustard; Junius gives a different etymon, butwhether a better, the Reader must judge. Crustard of fish, 156. Ofherbs, 157. And in the Earl of Devon's Feast we have _un PasteCrustade_. 

Cryspes. 162. Cryspels. 163. V. Ad loc. _Fritter Crispayne_, Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. Which in Godwin de Præsal p. 697. Is _FruterCrispin_. 

Chawfour. 162. Cowfer, 173. A Chafing dish. Chafer. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 302. V. Junius voce _Chafe_. 

Corose. 171. Curiously. Perhaps from _cure_, to cook, Chaucer has_corouse_, curious. 

Clarry. 172. Clary. 

Cotagres. 175. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Cok. 175. A Cock. Sic. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. 

Chewets. 185. 186. A dish. Rand. Holme, III. P. 78. 81, 82. Birch, Life of Prince Henry, p. 458. 

Comadore. V. Comade. 

Chastlet. 189. V. Ad loc. 

Christen. Proem. Christian. 

D. 

Do. 1, 2. Put, cause. MS. Ed. 2. 12. Chaucer. _make_. 56. Done, 48. So Chaucer has _do_ for _done_. 

Dof. Do off. 101. 

Draw. Drawen 2. Strained, hence 3. 20. 23. _drawe the grewel thurghstraynour_. To boil. 2. 17. As, _drawe hem up with gode brothe_. Also51. 74. To put, 14. 41. To make. 28. 47. As, _draw an Almand mylke_. 

Dee. 152. Singular of Dice, the Fr. Dè. V. Quare. 

Drepee. 19 a dish. Qu. 

Dates. 20. 52. 158. The fruit. 

Dyssh. 24. Dish. 

Dessorre. 37. V. Blank desire. 

Doust. 45. Alibi Dust. 

Dowhz. 50. Dowh. 92. Dow. MS. Ed. II. 29, Dough, Paste. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: dah]. 

Douce Ame. 63. Quast a delicious dish. V. Blank Desire. 

Drope. 67. Drop, to baste. MS. Ed. 28. 

Dorry. Sowpes dorry, 82. Sops endorsed. From _endore_, 187. MS. Ed. 42, II. 6. Vide ad 174. 

Deel. 113. 170. Part, some. V. Sum. Chaucer. 

Dicayn. 172. V. Ad loc. 

Dokks. As _Sowre Dokks_, 173. Docks. 

Dorryle. V. Pomme. 

Daryols. 183. A dish. A Custard baked in a Crust. Hear Junius, v. Dairie. 'G. _dariole_ dicitur libi genus, quod iisdem Gallis aliasnuncupatur _laicteron_ vel _stan de laict_. '

Desne. V. Blank Desire. 

Desire. V. Blank. 

Dressit. 194. Dressed. Dresse. MS. Ed. 15. Et passim. Chaucer in voce. Hence ydressy. MS. Ed. II. 18. 

Dysis. MS. Ed. 15. Dice. V. Quare. 

Demembre, dimembre. MS. Ed. 31. Dismember. 

Dows, douze. MS. Ed. 50. II. 21. 

Drong. MS. Ed. 54. Drunk. 

E. 

E. With _e_ final after the consonant, for _ea_, as brede, bread;benes, beans; bete, beat; breke, break; creme, cream; clere, clear;clene, clean; mede, mead; mete, meat; stede, stead; whete, wheat; &c. 

E with _e_ final after the consonant, for _ee_, as betes, beets;

chese, cheese; depe, deep; fete, feet; grene, green; nede, needful;swete, sweet. 

Endorre. MS. Ed. 42. Endorse. 

Ete. 103. Eat. _eten_, 146. Eaten. _etyn_. MS. Ed. 3. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: etan]. MS. Ed. 48. Oat. 

Enforse. MS. Ed. II. 20. Seasoned. 

Erbes. 7. Herbs; _herb's_, 63. _erbys_, 151. Eerbis, 157. 

Eyren, and Ayren. 7, 8. 15. Eyryn, S. Ed. 1. Eggs. 'a merchant at theN. Foreland in Kent asked for eggs, and the good wyf answerede, thatshe coude speak no Frenshe--another sayd, that he wolde have _eyren_, then the good wyf sayd that she understood hym wel. ' Caxton's Virgil, in Lewis' Life of Caxton, p. 61. Who notes 'See Sewel's 'Dictionary, v. _Ey_. ' add, Urry's Chaucer, v. Aye and Eye. Note here the oldplural _en_, that _eggs_ is sometimes used in our Roll, and that inWicht _eye_, or _ey_ is the singular, and in the _Germ_. See Chaucer. V. _Aie_, and _Ay_. 

Eowts. 6. V. Ad loc. 

Egurdouce. 21. V. Ad loc. Of Fysshe, 133. Egge dows, MS. Ed. 50. Malè. Egerduse. Ibid. II. 1. Our No. 58, is really an Eagerdouce, butdifferent from this here. A Seville Orange is Aigre-douce. Cotgrave. 

Esy. 67. Easy. Eselich, 113. Easily. Chaucer. 

Eny. 74. 173. Any. 

Elena Campana. 78. I. E. Enula Campana, _Elecampane_. 

Erbowle. 95. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Erbolat. 172. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Eerys, Eris. 177. 182. 55. Ears. _Eyr_. MS. Ed. 44. Chaucer has _Ere_and _Eris_. 

Elren. 171. Elder. _Eller_, in the north, without _d_. 

Erne. 174. Qu. 

Euarund. MS. Ed. 3. 

Eelys. 101. Eels. _Elys_, _Helys_. MS. Ed. II. 15. 24. _Elis_. Chaucer. 

F. 

Forced. 3. Farced, stuft. We now say, _forc'd-meat_, yfarced, 159, 160. _enforsed_. MS. Ed. II. 20. _fors_, 170. Called _fars_, 150. Itseems to mean _season_, No. 4. Mixt. 4 where potage is said to be_forced_ with powdour-douce. 

Fort. Passim. Strong. Chaucer. 

Fresee. MS. Ed. 47. 

Fenkel. 6. 77. _Fenel_, 76. 172. _Fenell_, 100. Fennel. Germ. Venikol. Belg. Venckel. 

Forme. Proem. 95. Forme. 

Funges. 10. Mushrooms, from the French. Cotgrave. Holme III. P. 82. The Romans were fond of them. 

Fesants. 20. 35. 

Fynelich wel. 192. Very wel, constantly. 

Fro. 22. MS. Ed. 50. Chaucer. From. So therfro. 53. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 266. Chaucer. 

Fleysch. 24. Fleissh, 37. Flesh, A. S. þlæþe. Germ. _Fleisc_. 

Feneboyles. MS. Ed. II. 22. 

Fyletts. 28. Fillets. 

Florish and Flour. 36. 38. 40. Garnish. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 17. 23. Chaucer, v. Floure. 

Foyles. 49. Rolled Paste. _Foyle of dowhz_, 50. 92. Et per se, 148. 53. _Foile of Paste_, 163. Leaves of Sage, 161. Chaucer. V. Ad 175. Hence Carpe in Foile. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. _a Dolphin in Foyle_, _asuttletie_. VI. P. 5. _Lyng in Foyle_, p. 16. _Cunger_. Ibid. _Samon_. Ibid. _Sturgen_. P. 17. Et v. P. 22. N. B. Foyle in these cases meansPaste. 

Fars. V. Forced. 

Fle. 53. Flea, flaw. MS. Ed. II. 33. Flawe, flein, flain, flawed. 10. 13. 15. 

Fonnell. 62. A dish. 

Frot. MS. Ed. II. 17. Rub, shake, _frote_, Chaucer. 

Feyre. 66. MS. Ed. II. 18. 22. _Feir_. Chaucer. Fair. 

Ferthe. 68. Fourth, hence Ferthing or Farthing. 

Furmente. 69. 116. _Furmenty_, MS. Ed. I. _Formete_. Ibid. 48. _Formenty_, Ib. II. 30. From Lat. _Frumentum_, per metathesin;whence called more plausibly _Frumity_ in the north, and Frumetye inLel. Collect. IV. P. 226. VI. P. 5. 17. 22. But see Junius, v. 

Formetie. 

Frenche. 73. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Fest. MS. II. 18. Feast. Chaucer. 

Fygey. 89. Because made of Figs. Fygs drawen. 103. MS. Ed. II. 3. 

Found. 93. Mix. Dissolve, 193. Fond. 188. V. Y fonded. Lye, in JuniiEtym. V. Founder. 

Fete. 102. Chaucer. Fet, MS. Ed. 44. Feet. 

Flaumpeyns. 113. 184. 

Ferst. MS. Ed. II. 30. First. 

Fanne. 116. To fan or winnow. A. S. Pann, Vannus. 

Frytour. 149, 150, 151. Fruturs. MS. Ed. 19. 40. Fritters. _Fruter_, Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. Frytor. VI. P. 17. 

Flaunne. 163. Flownys. MS. Ed. II. 27. Fr. Flans, Custards. Chaucer. V. Slaunnis. Et v. Junium voce _Flawn_. 

Feel. 168. Hold, contain, perhaps same as _feal_, occultare, abscondere, for which see Junii Etymol. 

Fuyre. 188. Fire. _Fyr fort_. 192. A strong Fire. _Fere_, Chaucer. _Fyer_, Lel. Coll. IV. P. 296. Belg. _Vuyn_, _Fere_. MS. Ed. 58. 

Ferry. V. Cawdel. 

Flowr, Flowre. MS. Ed. 2. 19. Flour. 

Fronchemoyle. MS. Ed. 15. 

Froys. MS. Ed. 18. Fraise. 

Farsure. MS. Ed. 28. Stuffing. 

Forsy. MS. Ed. 38. Season. 

G. 

Gronden. 1. 53. Ground or beaten. _to grynde_ is to cut or beat small. 3. 8. 13. For compare 14. Yground 37. 53. 105. To pound or beat in amortar. 3. MS. Ed. 5. 

Gode. No. 1. Alibi, good, strong. Chaucer. _god_, MS. Ed. Passim. 

Grete. Mynced. 2. Not too small. _gretust_, 189. Greatest. _gret_, MS. Ed. 15. And Chaucer. 

Gourdes. 8. Fr. Gouhourde. 

Gobettes. 16. 62. Gobbettys, Gobettis. MS. Ed. 9. Alibi. Chaucer. _Gobbins_, Holme III. P. 81, 82. Large pieces. Wiclif. Junii Etym. 

Grees. 17. 101. Grece, 18. Alibi. MS. Ed. 8. 14. 32. Alibi, whyteGrece, 18. Fat, Lard, Conys of high Grece. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. Qu. 

Gravey. 26, 27. _Grave_. MS. Ed. II. 20. _Gravy_. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 10. 

Galyntyne. 28. 117. A preparation seemingly made of

Galingale, &c. 129. And thence to take its name. See a recipe formaking it, 138. As also in MS. Ed. 9. Bread of Galyntyne, 94. Soupesof Galyntyne, 129. Lampervey in Galantine. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. VI. P. 22. Swanne, VI. P. 5. 

Garlete and Garlec. 30. 34. Garlick. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: garleac]. 

Grapes. 30. 34. 

Galyngale. 30. The Powder, 47. The long-rooted Cyperus. Gl. ToChaucer. See Northumberland Book, P. 415. 

Gleyre. Of Ayrenn. 59. The white, from Fr. Glaire. Chaucer. _Lear_ or_Leir_ of an Egg. Holme interprets it _the White beaten into a foam_. 

Goon. 59. MS. Ed. 1. Go. Belg. _gaen_. 

Gylofre. 65. Gelofre. MS. Ed. 27. Cloves; for see No. 30, 31. 40. There; from Gr. [Greek: charuophullon]. 

Gyngawdry. 94. A dish. 

Grave. MS. Ed. II. 20. Gravey. 

Gele. 101, 102. Jelly. Fr. Gelée. 

Gawdy Grene. 112. Perhaps, Light Green. 

Gurnards. 115. 

Greynes de Parys. 137. And so Chaucer, meaning _Greynes de paradys_, or greater Cardamoms. See Dr. Percy on Northumb. Book, p. 414. Chaucer has _Greines_ for _Grains_. And Belg. Greyn. 

Grate. 152. V. I or y grated. 

Gastbon. 194. F. _Gastbon_, quasi _Wastbon_, from _Wastel_ the finestBread, which see. Hence the Fr. Gasteau. 

Gyngynyr, Gyngenyr, Gyngyner, Gyngener. MS. Ed. 3, 4. 13. 24. Ginger. Gyngyner-bred, 32. 

Grotys. MS. Ed. II. Oat-meal Grotes, i. E. Grits. 

Grydern, Grydern, Gredern. MS. Ed. 25. 44. II. 11. 

H. 

H. For _th_, as hem, them; her, their; passim. _Hare_, 121. Chaucer. Wiclif. It is sometimes omitted; as _wyt_ and _wyte_, white. Sometimes abounds, as schaldyd. MS. Ed. 7. II. Scalded. V. _Thowehe_. 

Hye. Proem. High. _hy_, MS. Ed. 44. A. S. Heah. 

Hem. 1, 2. I. E. Hem; them. Lye in Junii Etym. 

Hulle. 1. A verb, to take off the husk or skin. Littleton. HenceHulkes, Husks or _Hulls_, as 71. _Holys_, MS. Ed. 1. Sax. Helan, tocover. V. Lye in Junii Etym. V. Hull. 

Hulkes. V. Hulle. 

Hewe. 7. Cut, mince. _yhewe_, 12. Minced, hewn. MS. Ed. 6. 9. _hewin_, Chaucer. A. S. Heþyan. 

Hakke. 194. MS. Ed. 23. Hack, bruise. Junii Etym. V. Hack. MS. Ed. Has also _hak_ and _hac_. 

Hebolace. 7. Name of a dish. 

Herdeles. MS. Ed. 56. Hurdles. 

Hennes. 17. 45. Including, I presume, the whole species, as _Malard_and _Pekok_ do below. 

Hool. 20. 22. Alibi. _hole_, 33. 175. _hoole_, 158. Whole. Chaucerhas hole, hool, and hoolich; and Wiclif, _hole_ and _hool_. MS. Ed. Has _hol_ and _hole_. 

Hooles. 162. Holes. 

Holsomly. Proem, wholesomely. 

Herthe. MS. Ed. 57. Earth. 

Hit. 20. 98. 152. It. Hytt. Northumb. Book, p. 440. _Hit_, Gloss. Wiclif. In Marg. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: hit]. 

Hoot. 21. Alibi. Hot. 

Hares. 23. 

Hoggepot. 31. V. Ad loc. 

Hochee. 34. Hachè, Fr. But there is nothing to intimate cutting themto pieces. 

Hersyve. MS. Ed. II. 2. Hair-sieve. _her_ is _hair_ in Chaucer. 

Helde. 50. 154. Throw, cast, put. V. 189. _Heelde_, poured, shed. Wiclif. And Lye in Junii Etym. V. Held. 

Holde. 189. Make, keep. MS. Ed. II. 32, 33. 

Hawtheen. 57. Hawthorn. Junius, v. Haw. 

Hatte. 59. Bubling, wallop. Quasi _the hot_, as in Chaucer. FromA. Sax. [Anglo-Saxon: hatt]. 

Hong. 67. Hing, or hang. Chaucer. MS. Ed. 48. 

Honde. 76. Hand. Chaucer. So in Derbyshire now. 

Heps. 84. Fruit of the Canker-rose. So now in Derbyshire, and v. Junius, voce _Hippes_. 

Hake. 94. 186. A Fish. V. Ad loc. 

Hilde. 109. To skin, from to hull, to scale a fish, 119. Vide 117. 119. Compared with MS. Ed. II. 13. 

Herons. 146. MS. Ed. 3. Holme, III. P. 77, 78. But little used now. Heronsew. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. _Heronshawe_. VI. P. I. Heronsews. Chaucer. The Poulterer was to have in his shop _Ardeas sive airones_, according to Mr. Topham's MS. Written about 1250. And _Heronns_appear at E. Of Devon's Feast. 

Holke. 173. Qu. Hollow. 

Hertrowee. 176. A dish. _Hert_ is _the Hart_ in Chaucer, A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: heort]. 

Hi. MS. Ed. 27. They. 

Hevyd. MS. Ed. 21. V. Ad loc. 

Hom. MS. Ed. 56. Home. 

I. 

I. 2. For e. Proem. So _ith_ for _eth_. Ibid. 

in. 30. Et sæpius. In. _inne_, 37. Alibi. 

Jushell. 43. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Is. Plur. For es. 52. 73. Proem. Nomblys. MS. Ed. 12. Nombles. V. Pees. Rosys, 177, Roses. 

I. For y. V. Y. 

Iowtes. V. Eowtes. 

Irne. 107. _Iren_, Chaucer. And the Saxon. Iron. 

Juys. 118. 131. _Jus_, MS. Ed. II. 17. The Fr. Word, _Ieuse_, Chaucer. 

K. 

Kerve. 8. Cut. _kerf_, 65. MS Ed. 29. V. Carvon, and Chaucer, voc. Carfe, karft, kerve, kerft. 

Kydde. 21. Flesh of a Kid. Kedys. MS. Ed. 13. Kids. 

Keel. 29. 167. 188. MS. Ed. 1. Gl. To Chaucer and Wiclif, to cool. 

Kyt. 118. Alibi. MS. Ed. 19. _ket_, Ibid. II. 15. To cut. _kyted_, cut. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 298. Chaucer, v. _Kitt_. 

Keintlick. V. Queintlick. 

Kyrnels. 189. A species of battlements, from _kernellare_; for whichsee Spelman, Du Fresne, and Chaucer. 

Kever. MS. Ed. 2. Cover. 

Kaste, kest. MS. Ed. 6. 10. Cast. V. Ad loc. 

Kow. MS. Ed. 38. Cow. 

L. 

L. For ll. MS. Ed. Sæpe. 

Lat. 9. 14. Alibi. MS. Ed. 1, 2. Let. Chaucer. Belg. _laten. Latyn_. MS. Ed, II. 5. _let_. 

Lire, and Lyre. 3. 14. 45. MS. Ed. Sæpe. The fleshy part of Meat. A. S. [Anglo-Sxon: lire]. See Lyre in Junii Etymol. Also a mixture, as _Dough ofBread and raw Eggs_, 15. Hence 'drawe a Lyre of Brede, Blode, Vyneg, and Broth, ' 25. So Lyour and Layour. II. 31. All from _lye_, whichsee. Lay seems to mean _mix_, 31. As _layour_ is mixture, 94. 

Lye it up. 15. To mix; as _alye_, which see. 

Leke. In sing. 10. 76. Leeks. 

Langdebef. 6. An herb. V. Ad loc. _Longdobeefe_ Northumberland Book. P. 384. Bugloss. 

Lytel. 19. Passim. _Litul_ and _litull_, 104. 152. 'a litel ofVynegar, ' 118. Of Lard, 152. 

Loseyns, Losyns. 24. 92. On fish-day, 128. A Lozenge is interpretedby Cotgrave, 'a little square Cake of preserved herbs, flowers, &c. 'but that seems to have no concern here. _Lozengs_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. 

Lyche. 152. Like. _lichi_. Wiclif. _lich_. Chaucer. _ylich_. Idem. 

Lombe. 62. Lamb. Hence Wiclif, _Lomberen_, Lambs. Chaucer, and Germ. 

Leche Lumbard. 65. From the country doubtless, as the mustard, No. 100. See also Lel. Coll. VI. P. 6. 26. _Leches_. MS. Ed. 15. AreCakes, or pieces. Rand. Holme makes _Leach_, p. 83. To be 'a kind ofJelly made of Cream, Ising-glass, Sugar, and Almonds, &c. ' The_Lessches_ are fried, 158. V. Yleeshyd. _Leyse Damask_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. _Leche baked_. VI. P. 5. _Partriche Leiche_. Ibid. _LecheDamaske_. Ibid. See also, p. 10. _Leche Florentine_, p. 17. _LecheComfort_. Ibid. _Leche Gramor_. Ibid. Leche Cypres, p. 26. Which inGodwin de Præsul. P. 697. Is _Sipers_, malè. 

Lete Lardes. 68. V. Ad loc. 

Lave. 76. Wash. 

Leyne. 82. A Layer. 

Lewe water. 98. Lews water, MS. Ed. II. 10. Warm; see Gloss. ToWiclif. And Junius. V. Lukewarm. 

Lumbard Mustard. 100. From the country. V. Leche. How made, No. 145. 

Lef. MS. Ed. 56. Leave. _Lefe_, Chaucer. 

Lite. 104. A few, _alite_, as they speak in the North. Chaucer, v. Lite, and Lyte, and Mr. Lye in his Junius. 

Laumpreys. 126. Lampreys, an Eel-like Sea Fish. Pennant, Brit. Zool. III. P. 68. 

Laumprons. 127. The _Pride_. Pennant, Ibid. P. 61. See Lel. Coll. VI. P. 6. 17. Bis 23. Mr. Topham's MS. Has _Murenulas sive Lampridulas_. 

Looches, Loches. 130. 133. The fish. 

Lardes of Swyne. 146. I. E. Of Bacon. Hence _lardid_, 147. And_Lardons_. MS. Ed. 3. 43. From the Fr. Which Cotgrave explains_Slices of Lard_, i. E. Bacon. Vide ad 68. 

Lorere tre. MS. Ed. 55. Laurel tree. Chaucer. 

Lyuours. 152. Livers. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: lyper]. 

Led. MS. Ed. 56. Carry. _lide_, Chaucer. 

Lenton. 158. Lent. 

Lynger. 159. Longer. Chaucer has _longer_ and _lengir_. V. Lange. 

Lopuster, Lopister. MS. Ed. II. 7. 16. V. Junii Etymolog. 

Lust. As, hym lust. Proem, he likes. Chaucer, v. Lest. 

Lewys. MS. Ed. 41. Leaves. Lefe, Chaucer. V. Lef. 

Lie. Liquor. Chaucer. MS. Ed. 48. 

Ley. MS. Ed. 6. Lay. 

Lese, les. MS. Ed, 14. II. 7, 8. Pick. To _lease_, in Kent, is toglean. 

M. 

Make. 7. MS. Ed. 12. 43. II. 12. To dress. _make forth_, 102. To do. MS. Ed. II. 35. 

Monchelet. 16. A dish. 

Mylk, Melk. MS. II. 30. Milk of Almonds, 1. 10. 13. Alibi. 

Moton. 16. MS. Ed. 1. Mutton, See Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226. Flemish. _Motoen_. 

Mawmenee. 20. 193. A dish. V. Ad loc. How made, 194. _Mamane_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. Mamonie. VI. P. 17. 22. Royal, 29. Manmene, MS. Ed. 29, 30. _Mamenge_. E. Of Devon's Feast. 

Morterelys. V. Mortrews. 

Medle. 20. 50. Alibi. To mix. Wiclif. Chaucer. 

Messe. To messe the dysshes, 22. Messe forth, 24. 

Morre. 38. MS. Ed. 37. II. 26. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Mortrews. 45. _Mortrews blank_, 46. Of fish, 125. _Morterelys_, MS. Ed. 5. Where the recipe is much the same. 'meat made of boiled hens, crummed bread, yolk of eggs, and safron, all boiled together, ' Speghtad Chaucer. So called, says Skinner, who Writes it _mortress_, because the ingredients are all pounded together in a mortar. 

Moscels. 47. Morsels. Chaucer has _Morcills_. Moscels is not amiss, as _Mossil_ in Chaucer is the muzle or mouth. 

Mete. 67. A. S. And Chaucer. Meat. _Meetis_, Proem. Meats. It meansalso _properly_, MS. Ed. II. 21. Chaucer. 

Myng. 68. MS. Ed. 30. _ming_, 76. Meng, 127. 158. MS. Ed. 32. Chaucer. To mix. So _mung_, 192. Is to stir. Wiclif. V. Mengyng. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: mengan]. 

Morow. At Morow. 72. In the Morning. MS. Ed. 33. A Morrow, Chaucer. On the Morow. Lei. Coll. IV. P. 234. 

Makke. 74. A dish. 

Meel, Mele. 86. 97. Meal. _Melis_, Meals. Chaucer. Belg. _Meel_. 

Macrows. 62. Maccharone. Vide ad locum. 

Makerel. 106. 

Muskles, Muskels. 122. Muscles. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: murcule]. 

Malard, Maulard. 141. Meaning, I presume, both sexes, as ducks arenot otherwise noticed. Holme, III. P. 77. And Mr. Topham's MS. 

Mylates, whyte. 153. A dish of pork, 155. 

Myddell. 170. Midle. _myddes_. 175. The same. 

Mawe. 176. Stomach of a Swine. Chaucer. Junii Etym. 

Moold. 177. Mould. 

Maziozame. 191. Marjoram. See the various orthographies in Junius, v. Majoram. 

Male Marrow. 195. Qu. 

Moyle. V. Ris. V. Fronchemoyle. 

Mulberries. 99. 132. V. Morree. 

Myce, myse. MS. Ed. 8. 15. Mince, myed. II. 19. Minced, ymyed, 35. For ymyced. Myney, II. 3. Myneyd, II. 1. 

Mo. MS. Ed. 38. More. Chaucer. 

Maner. _of_ omitted. MS. Ed. 45. 47, 48. II. 2. 28. 

Mad, ymad. MS. Ed. II. 9. Made. 

Mychil. MS. Ed. 48, much. Chaucer, v. Moche. Junius v. Mickel. 

Myntys. MS. Ed. II. 15. Mint. _Myntys_, Brit. 

N. 

A Nost, I. Crasis of _an Oste_, or Kiln; frequent in Kent, where_Hop-oste_ is the kiln for drying hops. 'Oost or East: the same thatkiln or kill, Somersetshire, and elsewhere in the west, ' Ray. So_Brykhost_ is a Brick-kiln in Old Parish-Book of _Wye_ in Kent, 34 H. VIII. 'We call _est_ or _oft_ the place in the house, where the smokeariseth; and in some manors _austrum_ or _ostrum_ is that, where afixed chimney or flew anciently hath been, ' Ley, in Hearne's Cur. Disc. P. 27. _Mannors_ here means, I suppose manor-houses, as iscommon in the north. Hence _Haister_, for which see Northumb. Book, p. 415. 417. And Chaucer, v. Estris. 

Noumbles. 11. 13. Entrails of any beast, but confined now to thoseof a deer. I suspect a crasis in the case, quasi _an Umble_, singularfor what is plural now, from Lat. _Umbilicus_. We at this day bothsay and write _Umbles_. _Nombles_, MS. Ed. 12. Where it is _Nomblysof the venyson_, as if there were other Nomblys beside. The Fr. WriteNombles. 

Non. 68. No. Chaucer. A. S. Nan. 

Nyme. 114. Take, _recipe_. Sax. Niman. Chaucer. Used in MS. Ed. Throughout. See Junius. V. Nim. 

Notys. 144. Wallenotes, 157. So _Not_, MS. Ed. II. 30. Chaucer. Belg. Note. 

Nysebek. 173. A dish. Quasi, nice for the _Bec_, or Mouth. 

Nazt, nozt. MS. Ed. 37. Not. 

O. 

Oynons. 2. 4. 7. Fr. Oignons. Onions. 

Orage. 6. Orache. 

Other, oother. 13, 14. 54. 63. MS Ed. Sæpe. Chaucer. Wiclif. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: oþer]. Or. 

On, oon. 14. 20. Alibi. In. As in the Saxon. _One_ MS. Ed 58. II. 21. Chaucer. 

Obleys. 24. A kind of Wafer, v. Ad loc. 

Onys. MS. Ed. 37. Once, _ones_, Chaucer, v. _Atones_, and _ones_. 

Onoward, onaward. 24. 29. 107. Onward, upon it. 

Of. Omitted, as powder Gynger, powder Gylofre, powder Galyngale. Abounds, v. Lytel. 

Oot. 26. Alibi. Oat. Otyn. MS. Ed. II. Oaten. 

Opyn. MS. Ed. 28. Open. 

Offall. 143. _Exta_, Giblets. 

Oystryn. MS. Ed. II. 14. Oysters. 

Of. Proem. By. 

Ochepot. V. Hochepot. 

Ovene. I. Oven. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: oren]. Belg. Oven. _0vyn_, MS. Ed. II. 16. 

Olyve, de Olyve, Olyf, Dolyf, MS. Ed. Olive. 

Owyn. MS. Ed. 22. Own. 

P. 

Plurals increase a syllable, Almandys, Yolkys, Cranys, Pecokys, &c. So now in Kent in words ending in _st_. This is Saxon, and so Chaucer. 

Plurals in _n_, Pisyn, Hennyn, Appelyn, Oystrin. 

Powdon douce. 4. Pref. 

Powdon fort. 10, ii. V. Pref. 

Pasturnakes. 5. Seems to mean _Parsnips_ or Carrots, from _Pastinaca_. _Pasternak of Rasens_, 100. Of Apples, 149. Means Pastes, or Paties. 

Persel. 6. 29. Alibi. _Persele_ MS. Ed. II. 15. Fr. _Persil_. Parsley. Parcyle. MS. Ed. 32. 

Pyke, pike. 18. 76. Pick. Chaucer, v. Pik. 

Pluk. 76. Pluck, pull. A. S. Pluccian. 

Pellydore. 19. V. Ad loc. 

Peletour. 104. V. Ad 19. 

Paast. MS. Ed. II. 29. Paste. 

Potell. 20. Pottle. 

Pyncs. 20. Alibi, v. Pref. 

Pecys. 21. Alibi. _Pece_, 190. _Pecis_, MS. Ed. 12. Chaucer. Pieces, Piece, i. 

Peper. 21. 132. MS. Ed. I6. Has _Pepyr_. Pip. 140. 143. MS. Ed. 9. _Pepper_. A. S. Peopor and pipor. 

Papdele. 24. A kind of sauce. Probably from _Papp_, a kind of_Panada_. 

Pise, Pisyn, MS. Ed. 2. Pease. 

Peers. 130. 138. _Pers_, 167. Perys, MS. Ed. II. 23. Pears. Pery, aPear tree, Chaucer. 

Possynet. 30. 160. A Posnet. 

Partruches. 35. 147. _Partyches_, Contents. Partridges. _Perteryche_, E. Of Devon's Feast. 

Panne. 39. 50. A Pan. A. S. Panna. 

Payndemayn. 60. 139. Where it is _pared_. Flour. 41. 162. 49, whiteBread. Chaucer. 

Par. MS. Ed. 19. Pare. 

Peions. 18. 154. Pigeons. If you take _i_ for _j_, it answers tomodern pronunciation, and in E. Of Devon's Feast it is writtenPejonns, and Pyjonns. 

Pynnonade. 51. From the Pynes of which it is made. V. Pynes. _Pynade_or _Pivade_. MS. Ed. II. 32. 

Pryk. 53. Prick. Pettels. 56. Legs. We now say _the Pestels of alark_. Of veneson, Lel. Collect. IV. P. 5. Qu. A corruption of_Pedestals_. 

Payn foindew. 59. _fondew_, Contents, v. Ad loc. 

Peskodde. 65. Hull or Pod of Pease, used still in the North. V. Coddis in Wiclif, and Coddes in Junii Etymolog. 

Payn Ragoun. 67. A dish. Qu. 

Payn puff, or puf. 196. _Payne puffe_. E. Of Devon's Feast. 

Pownas. 68. A colour. Qu. V. Preface. 

Porpays, Porpeys. 69. 108. Salted, 116. Roasted, 78. _Porpus_ orPorpoise. _Porpecia_, Spelm. Gl. V. Geaspecia, which he corrects_Seaspecia_. It is surprising he did not see it must be _Graspecia_or _Craspiscis_, i. E. _Gros_ or _Crassus Piscis_, any large fish; acommon term in charters, which allow to religious houses or othersthe produce of the sea on their coasts. See Du Cange in vocibus. Wedo not use the Porpoife now, but both these and Seals occur in Archb. Nevill's Feast. See Rabelais, IV. C. 60. And I conceive that the_Balænæ_ in Mr. Topham's MS. Means the Porpus. 

Perrey. 70. V. Ad loc. 

Pesoun. 70, 71. _ Pise, Pisyn. , _ MS. Ed. 2. Pease. Brit. _Pysen. _

Partye. 71. _a partye, _ i. E. Some. MS. Ed. 2. Chaucer. 

Porrectes. 76. An herb. V. Ad loc. 

Purslarye. 76. Purslain. 

Pochee. 90. A dish of poached Eggs, v. Junius, voce _Poach. _

Powche. 94. Crop or Stomach of a fish. _Paunches, _ 114, 115. 

Pyke. Ici. The fish. V. Ad loc. 

Plays. 101. 105. 112. Plaise; the fish. _Places, _ Lel. Coll. VI. P. 6. 

Pelettes. 11. Balls. Pellets. Pelotys. MS. Ed. 16. 

Paunch. V. Powche. 

Penne. 116. A Feather, or Pin. MS. Ed. 28. Wiclif. V. Pennes. 

Pekok. 147. Peacock. _Pekokys, _ MS. Ed. 4. Where same directionoccurs. Pekok. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. 

presse. 150. To press. Chaucer. 

Pyner. 155. Qu. V. Pref. 

Prunes. 164. Junius in v. _Prunes and Damysyns. _. 167. _PrunesDamysyns_. 156. 158. _Primes, _ 169. Should be corrected _Prunes. _Prunys, MS. Ed. II. 17. _Prognes. _ Lel. Coll. VI. P. 17. _ PruneOrendge, _ an Orange Plumb, p. 23. _Prones, _ Northumb. Book, p. 19. Plant it with Prunes, 167. Stick it, Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. 16 22. Asthe trade with Damascus is mentioned in the Preface, we need notwonder at finding the Plumbs here. 

Primes, v. Prunes. 

Prews of gode past. 176. Qu. 

Potews. 177. A dish named from the pots used. 

Pety peruant. 195. _Petypanel, a marchpayne. _ Lel. Coll. VI. P. 6. 

Parade. Hole parade. 195. Qu. 

Plater. MS. Ed. II. 9. Platter. 

Puff. V. Payn. 

Phitik. Proem. Physick. 

Poumegarnet. 84. Poungarnetts, MS. Ed. 39. Powmis gernatys. Ibid. 27. Pomgranates, per metathesin. 

Penche. MS. Ed. 36. 

Partyns. MS. Ed. 38. Parts. 

Pommedorry. MS. Ed. 42. Poundorroge, 58. _Pomes endoryd_. E. OfDevon's Feast. 

Pommys morles. MS. Ed. II. 3. 

Porreyne. MS. Ed. II. 17. Porrey Chapeleyn, 29. 

Q. 

Quare. 5. It seems to mean to quarter, or to square, to cut to pieceshowever, and may be the same as to _dyce_. 10. 60. Dice at this timewere very small: a large parcel of them were found under the floor ofthe hall of one of the Temples, about 1764, and were so minute as tohave dropt at times through the chinks or joints of the boards. Therewere near 100 pair of ivory, scarce more than two thirds as large asour modern ones. The hall was built in the reign of Elizabeth. To

_quare_ is from the Fr. Quarrer; and _quayre_ or _quaire_, subst. InChaucer, Skelton, p. 91. 103. Is a book or pamphlet, from the paperbeing in the quarto form. See Annal. Dunstap. P. 215, Ames, Typ. Antiq. P. 3. 9. Hence our quire of paper. The later French wrote_cahier_, _cayer_, for I presume this may be the same word. Hence, _kerve hem to dyce_, into small squares, 12. _Dysis_, MS. Ed. 15. 

Quybibes. 64. Quibibz. MS. Ed. 54. Alibi. Cubebs. 

Quentlich. 162. Keyntlich, 189. Nicely, curiously. Chaucer. V. _Queintlie_. 

Quayle. 162. Perhaps, cool. It seems to mean fail or miscarry. Lel. Coll. VI. P. II. Sink or be dejected, p. 41. See Junius, v. Quail. 

Queynchehe. 173. F. Queynch. But qu. 

R. 

R. And its vowel are often transposed. V. Bryddes, brennyng, Crudds, Poumegarnet, &c. 

Rapes. 5. Turneps. Lat. _Rapa_, or _Rapum_. Vide Junium in voce. 

Ryse. 9. 194. Rys, 36. Alibi. MS. Ed. 14. Ryys, 192. The Flower, 37. Rice. Fr. Ris. Belg. Riis. 

Roo. 14. Roe, the animal. 

Rede. 21. Alibi, red. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: read]. 

Roost. 30. Alibi, rowsted, 175. Substantive, 53. To rost. Belg. Roosten. 

Rether. Ms. Ed. 43. A beast of the horned kind. 

Ramme. 33. To squeeze. But qu. 

Rennyns. 65. Perhaps, _rennyng_, i. E. Thin, from _renne_, to run. Leland Itin. I. P. 5, 6. Alibi. Skelton, p. 96. 143. Alibi. Indeedmost of our old authors. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 287, 288. Chaucer. 

Ruayn. V. Chese. 

Rape. 83. A dish with no turneps in it. Quære if same as _Rapil_, Holme III. P. 78. Rapy, MS. Ed. 49. 

Resmolle. 96. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Ryal. 99. _ryallest_. Proem. Royal. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 250. 254. VI. P. 5. Bis. 22. Chaucer. V. Rial. 

Rote. 100. Root. _Rotys_, MS. Ed. 32. Chaucer. Junius, v. Root. 

Roo Broth. MS. Ed. 53. 

Roche. 103. The fish. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 6. 

Rygh. 105. A fish. Perhaps the Ruffe. 

Rawnes. 125. Roes of fish. _Lye_ in Junius. V. Roan. 

Rest. MS. Ed. Rustied, of meat. Restyn, restyng. No. 57. Rustiness. Junius. V. Restie. 

Rasyols. 152. A dish. _Ransoles_. Holme III. P. 84. 

Reyn. Ms. Ed. 57. Rain. Chaucer. 

Rysshews. 182. Name of a dish. Qu. 

Rew de Rumsey. MS. Ed. 44. 

Ryne hem on a Spyt. 187. Run them on a spit. 

Rosty. MS. Ed. 44. Rost. 

Rounde. 196. Round. French. 

Rosee. 52. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Resenns. 100. Raysons, 114. Raisins. Used of Currants, 14. V. Ad loc. _Reysons_, _Reysins_. MS. Ed. II. 23. 42. _Rassens_ Pottage, is inthe second course at archp. Nevill's Feast. 

S. 

Spine. V. Spynee. 

Sue forth. 3. Et passim. Serue. 6. 21. From this short way of writing, and perhaps speaking, we have our _Sewers_, officers of note, and_sewingeis_, serving, Lel. Coll. IV. P. 291. Unless mis-written ormis-printed for _shewinge_. 

Slype. II. Slip or take off the outer coat. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:slipan]. 

Skyrwates. 5. 149. Skirrits or Skirwicks. 

Savory. 6. Sauuay. 30. 63. Sawey. 172. 

Self. 13. Same, made of itself, as self-broth, 22. The owne broth, 122. MS. Ed. 5. 7. Chaucer. 

Seth. Passim. MS. Ed. I, 2. Chaucer, to seeth. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:seothan]. Seyt. MS. Ed. I. To strain. 25. 27. 

Smite and smyte. 16. 21. 62. Cut, hack. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: smitan]. 

Sode. V. Ysode. 

Storchion. MS. Ed. II. 12. V. Fitz-Stephen. P. 34. 

Sum. 20. Sumdell, 51. Somdel, 171. Some, a little, some part. Chaucerhas _sum_, and _somdele_. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: sum]. 

Saunders. 20. Used for colouring. MS. Ed. 34. V. Northumb. Book, p. 415. Sandall wood. The translators of that very modern book theArabian Nights Entertainments, frequently have _Sanders_ and Sandalwood, as a commodity of the East. 

Swyne. 146. Alibi. Pork or Bacon. MS. Ed. 3. Bacon, on the contrary, is sometimes used for the animal. Old Plays, II. P. 248. Gloss. Ad XScript. In v. 

See. MS. Ed. 56. Sea. Chaucer. 

Sawge. 29. _Sauge_, 160. MS. Ed. 53. Sage. _Pigge en Sage_. E. OfDevon's Feast. 

Shul. 146. Schul. MS. Ed. 4. Should, as No. 147. Schulle, schullyn. MS. Ed. 3. 7. 

Sawse Madame. 30. Qu. Sauce. 

Sandale. MS. Ed. 34. 

Sawse Sarzyne. 84. V. Ad loc. 

Serpell. 140. Wild Thyme. _Serpyllum_. 

Sawse blancke. 136. 

Sawse noyre. 137. 141. 

Sawse verde. 140. 

Sow. 30. To sew, _suere_. Also 175. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: siwian]. 

Stoppe. 34. 48. To stuff. 

Swyng. 39. 43. Alibi. MS. Ed. 20. 25. Alibi. To shake, mix. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: swengan]. 

Sewe. 20. 29. 40. Sowe. 30. 33. Alibi. MS. Ed. 38. Chaucer. Liquor, Broth, Sous. Wiclif. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: seaþ]. V. Lye in 2d alphabet. 

Schyms. MS. Ed. 38. Pieces. 

Stondyng. 45, 46. 7. Stiff, thick. 

Smale. 53. Alibi. Small. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 194. 

Spynee. 57. V. Ad loc. 

Straw. 58. Strew. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: streawian]. 

Sklyse. 59. A Slice, or flat Stick for beating any thing. Junius. V. Sclise. 

Siryppe. 64. V. Ad loc. 

Styne. 66. Perhaps to close. V. Ystyned. A. S. Tynan. 

Stere. 67. 145. To stir. Chaucer. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: styrian]. 

Sithen. 68. Ssithen, 192. Then. Chaucer. V. Seth and sithe. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: siððan]. Sithtyn, sethe, seth, syth. MS. Ed. _then_. 

Salat. 76 a Sallad. Saladis, Sallads. Chaucer. Junius, v. Salad. 

Slete Soppes. 80. Slit. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: slitan]. 

Spryng. 85. To sprinkle. Wiclif. V. Sprenge. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:sprengan]. 

Samoun. 98. Salmon. So Lel. Coll. VI. P. 16, 17. Fr. _Saumon_. 

Stepid. 109, 110. Steeped, _Frisiis_, stippen. 

Sex. 113. 176. Six. A. S. 

Sool. 119. _Solys_, 133. Soale, the fish. 

Schyl oysters. 121. To shell them. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: scyll], ashell. 

Sle. 126. To kill. _Scle_, Chaucer, and _slea_. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:slean]. 

Sobre Sawse. 130. 

Sowpes. 82. 129. Sops. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: sop]. Dorry. MS. Ed. II. 6. 

Spell. 140. Qu. 

Stary. MS. Ed. 32. Stir. 

Swannes. 143. Pye, 79. Cygnets. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. 

Sonne. MS. Ed. 56. Sun. Chaucer. 

Sarse, and _a Sarse_. 145. A Sieve or Searse. 

Souple. 152. Supple. _sople_, Chaucer; also _souple_. Fr. 

Stewes. 157. 170. Liquor. To stue, 186. A term well known at this day. 

Sars. 158. 164. Error perhaps for _Fars_. 167. 169. 172. 

Sawcyster. 160. Perhaps, a Saussage. From Fr. _Saucisse_. 

Soler. MS. Ed. 56. A solar or upper floor. Chaucer. 

Sawgeat. 161. V. Ad loc. 

Skymour. 162. A Skimmer. 

Salwar. 167. V. Calwar. 

Sarcyness. MS. Ed. 54. V. Sawse. 

Syve, Seve. MS. Ed. II. 17, 18. A Sieve, v. Hersyve. 

Southrenwode. 172. Southernwood. 

Sowre. 173. Sour. _souir_, Chaucer. 

Stale. 177. Stalk. Handle. Used now in the North, and elsewhere; as afork-stale; quære a crasis for a fork's tail. Hence, Shaft of anArrow. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 13. Chaucer. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: stele], or[Anglo-Saxon: stela]. 

Spot. MS. Ed. 57. Sprinkle. 

Sachus. 178. A dish. V. Ad loc. 

Sachellis. 178. Bags. Satchells. 

Spynoches. 180. Spinages. Fr. Espinars in plural. But we use it inthe singular. Ital. Spinacchia. 

Sit. 192. Adhere, and thereby to burn to it. It obtains this sensenow in the North, where, after the potage has acquired a mostdisagreeable taste by it, it is said to be _pot-sitten_, which inKent and elsewhere is expressed by being _burnt-to_. 

Sotiltees. Proem. Suttlety. Lel. Coll. VI. P. 5. Seq. See No. 189. There was no grand entertainment without these. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 226, 227. VI. 21. Seq. Made of sugar and wax. P. 31. And when they wereserved, or brought in, _at first_, they seem to have been called_warners_, Lel. Coll. VI. P. 21. 23. VI. P. 226, 227. As giving_warning_ of the approach of dinner. See Notes on Northumb. Book, p. 422, 423. And Mr. Pennant's Brit. Zool. P. 496. There are three_sotiltes_ at the E. Of Devon's Feast, a stag, a man, a tree. Quereif now succeeded by figures of birds, &c. Made in lard, and jelly, orin sugar, to decorate cakes. 

Sewyng. Proem. Following. Leland Coll. IV. P. 293. Chaucer. Fr. 

_Suivre_. 

Spete. MS. Ed. 28. Spit. Made of hazel, 58. As Virg. Georg. II. 396. 

States. Proem. Persons. 

Scher. MS. Ed. 25. Sheer, cut. Chaucer. V. Shere. 

Schyveris. MS. Ed. 25. II. 27. Shivers. Chaucer. V. Slivere. 

Schaw. MS. Ed. 43. Shave. 

T. 

Thurgh. 3. Alibi. Thorough. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: ðurh]. _thorw_. MS. Ed. II. 

Tansey. 172. Herb, vide Junii Etymol. 

Trape, Traup. 152. Alibi. Pan, platter, dish. From Fr. 

To gedre. 14. To gydre, 20. To gyder, 39. To geyder, 53. To gider, 59. To gyd, 111. To gedre, 145. So variously is the word _together_ herewritten. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: togaðere]. 

Tredure. 15. Name of Cawdel. V. Ad loc. 

To. 30. 17. MS. Ed. 33. 42. Too; and so the Saxon, Hence to to. 17. V. Ad loc. Also, Lel. Coll. IV. P. 181. 206. VI. P. 36. _To_ is _till_, MS. Ed. 26. 34. _two_. II. 7. V. Unto. 

Thyk. 20. A Verb, to grow thick, as No. 67. Thicken taken passively. Adjective, 29. 52. _thik_, 57. _thykke_, 85. _thike_, Chaucer. 

Teyse. 20. To pull to pieces with the fingers. V. Ad loc. Et Junius, voce Tease. Hence teasing for carding wool with teasels, a specics ofthistle or instrument. 

Talbotes. 23. Qu. V. Ad loc. 

Tat. 30. That. As in Derbysh. _who's tat?_ for, who is that? Belg. _dat_. 

Thenne. 36. Alibi. Then. Chaucer. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: ðanne]. 

Thanne. 36. MS. Ed. 25. Then. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: ðan]. Than. MS. Ed. 14. 

Teer. 36. Tear. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: teran]. 

To fore. 46. Alibi. Before. Hence our _heretofore_. Wiclif. Chaucer. 

A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: toforan]. 

Thynne. 49. MS. Ed. 15. Thin. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: ðinn]. 

Tarlettes. 50. Afterwards _Tartletes_, rectiùs; and so the Contents. _Tortelletti_. Holme. P. 85. V. Tartee. Godwin, de Præsul. P. 695. Renders _Streblitæ_; et v. Junius, voce Tart. 

Thise. 53. Alibi. These. 

Take. 56. Taken. Chaucer. 

Thridde. 58. 173. Alibi. Third, per metathesin. Chaucer. Thriddendele, 67. Thriddel, 102. 134. _Thredde_, MS. Ed. II. 1. V. Junius, voceThirdendeal. 

To done. 68. Done. _To_ seems to abound, vide Chaucer. V. _To_. 

Turnesole. 68. Colours _pownas_. Vide ad loc. 

Ther. 70. 74. They. Chaucer. 

Ton tressis. 76. An herb. I amend it to _Ton cressis_, and explain itCresses, being the Saxon [Anglo-Saxon: tunkerse], or [Anglo-Saxons:tuncærse]. See _Lye_, Dict. Sax. Cresses, so as to mean, _one of theCresses_. 

Turbut. 101. 

Tried out. 117. Drawn out by roasting. See Junius, v. Try. 

Tweydel. 134. Twey, MS. Ed. 12. Chaucer. _Twy_ for _twice_ runs nowin the North. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: twa], two. [Anglo-Saxon dæl], pars, portio. 

Talow. 159. Mutton Sewet. V. Junii Etym. 

Thyes, Thyys. MS. Ed. 29, 30. Thighs. 

Tartee. 164, 165. Alibi. Tart. De Bry, 166. De Brymlent, 117. Tartesof Flesh, 168. Of Fish, 170. V. Tarlettes. 

Towh. Tough, thick. 173. See Chaucer, v. Tought. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:toh]. 

Tharmys. MS. Ed. 16. Rops, Guts. 

There. 170. 177 where. Chaucer. 

Thowche. MS. Ed. 48. Touch. 

To. 185. For. Hence, _wherto_ is _wherefore_. Chaucer. 

Towayl. MS. Ed. II. 21. A Towel. 

Thee. 189. Thou, as often now in the North. 

Temper. MS. Ed. 1. Et sæpe. To mix. 

U. 

Uppon. 85. Alibi. Upon. 

Urchon. 176. Urchin, _Erinaceus_. 

Unto. MS. Ed. 2. Until. V. _To_. Chaucer. 

V. 

Violet. 6. V. Ad loc. 

Verjous. 12. 48. Veriaws. 154. Verious. 15. Verjuice, Fr. Verjus. V. Junium. 

Veel. 16. Alibi. MS. Ed. 18. Veal. 

Vessll. 29. A dish. 

Vyne Grace. 61. A mess or dish. _Grees_ is the wild Swine. Plott, Hist. Of Staff. P. 443. Gloss. To Douglas' Virgil, v. Grisis. And toChaucer. V. Grys. Thoroton, p. 258. Blount, Tenures. P. 101. _Gresse_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 243. _Gres_. 248. Both pork and wine enter into therecipe. 

Vyaunde Cypre. 97. From the Isle of Cyprus. 

Vernage. 132. Vernaccia. A sort of Italian white-wine. In Pref. To_Perlin_, p. Xix. Mis-written Vervage. See Chaucer. It is a sweetwine in a MS. Of Tho. Astle esq. P. 2. 

Venyson. 135. Often eaten with furmenty, E. Of Devon's Feast, _inbrothe_. Ibid. 

Verde Sawse. 140. It sounds _Green Sauce_, but there is no sorel;sharp, sour Sauce. See Junius, v. Verjuice. 

Vervayn. 172. 

W. 

Wele. 1. 28. Old pronunciation of _well_, now vulgarly used inDerbysh. _wel_, 3. Alibi. _wel smale_, 6. Very small. V. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 218. 220. Hearne, in Spelm. Life of Ælfred. P. 96. 

Wyndewe. 1. Winnow. This pronunciation is still retained inDerbyshire, and is not amiss, as the operation is performed by wind. V. Omnino, Junius. V. Winnow. 

Wayshe, waissh, waische. 1. 5. 17. To wash. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:wæscan]. 

Whane, whan. 6. 23. 41. When. So Sir Tho. Elliot. V. Britannia. Percy's Songs, I. 77. MS. Romance of Sir Degare vers. 134. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: hwænne]. Wan, wanne. MS. Ed. 25. 38. When. 

Wole. Proem. Will. _wolt_. 68. Wouldst. Chaucer, v. Wol. 

Warly, Warliche. 20. 188. Gently, warily. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: wære], wary, prudent. Chaucer. V. Ware. Junius, v. Warie. 

Wafrouns. 24. Wafers. Junius, v. Wafer. 

With inne. 30. Divisim, for within. So _with oute_, 33. 

Welled. 52. V. Ad loc. MS. Ed. 23. 

Wete. 67. 161. Wet, now in the North, and see Chaucer. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: wæt]. 

Wry. 72. To dry, or cover. Junius, v. Wrie. 

Wyn. MS. Ed. 22. Alibi. Wine. V. Wyneger. 

Wryng thurgh a Straynour. 81. 91. Thurgh a cloth, 153. Almandes withfair water, 124. Wryng out the water. Ibid. Wryng parsley up witheggs, 174. Chaucer, voce wrong, ywrong, and wrang. Junius, v. Wring. 

Womdes, Wombes. 107. Quære the former word? perhaps being falselywritten, it was intended to be obliterated, but forgotten, _Wombes_however means _bellies_, as MS. Ed. 15. See Junius, voce _Womb_. 

Wyneger. MS. Ed. 50. Vinegar. V. Wyn. 

Wone. 107. _a deal_ or _quantity_. Chaucer. It has a contrary sensethough in Junius, v. Whene. 

Whete. 116. Wete. MS. Ed. 1. II. 30. Wheat. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon:hwæte]. 

Wastel. 118. White Bread. _yfarced_, 159. Of it. MS. Ed. 30. II. 18. Gloss. Ad X Script. V. Simenellus. Chaucer; where we are referred toVerstegan V. But _Wassel_ is explained there, and not _Wastel_;however, see Stat. 51 Henry III. Hoveden, p. 738. And Junius' Etymol. 

Wheyze. 150. 171. Whey. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: hwæz]. Serum Lactis. Goften dissolving into y. V. Junium, in Y. 

Wynde it to balles. 152. Make it into balls, turn it. Chaucer. V. Wende. Junius, v. Winde. 

Wallenotes. 157. Walnuts. See Junius, in voce. 

Wose of Comfrey. 190. V. Ad loc. Juice. 

Wex. MS. Ed. 25. Wax. 

Were. MS. Ed. 57. Where. 

Y. 

Y. Is an usual prefix to adjectives and participles in our oldauthors. It came from the Saxons; hence ymynced, minced; yslyt, slit;&c. _I_ is often substituted for it. V. Gloss. To Chaucer, and Lyein Jun. Etym. V. I. It occurs perpetually for _i_, as ymynced, yslyt, &c. And so in MS. Editoris also. Written z. 7. 18. Alibi. Used for_gh_, 72. MS. Ed. 33. Chaucer. V. Z. Hence ynouhz, 22. Enough. So MS. Ed. Passim. Quere if _z_ is not meant in MSS for g or _t_ final. Dotted, [Anglo-Saxon: y(1)], after Saxon manner, in MS. Ed. As in Mr. Hearne's edition of Robt. Of Gloucester. 

Ycorve. 100, 101. Cut in pieces. Icorvin, 133. Gloss. To Chaucer. V. _Icorvin_, and _Throtycorve_. 

Zelow. 194. _yolow_. MS. Ed. 30. Yellow. A. S. [Anglo-Saxon: zealuwe]and [Anglo-Saxon: zelew]. 

Yolkes. 18. I. E. Of eggs. Junius, v. Yelk. 

Ygrond. V. Gronden. 

Yleesshed. 18. Cut it into slices. So, _lesh_ it, 65. 67. _leach_ isto slice, Holme III. P. 78. Or it may mean to _lay in the dish_, 74. 81. Or distribute, 85. 117. 

Ynouhz. 22. Ynowh, 23. 28. Ynowh, 65. Ynow. MS. Ed. 32. Enough. Chaucer has _inough_. 

Yfer. 22. 61. Id est _ifere_, together. _Feer_, a Companion. Wiclif, in _Feer_ and _Scukynge feer_. Chaucer. V. Fere, and Yfere. Junius, v. Yfere. 

Yfette. Proem. Put down, written. 

Yskaldid. 29. Scalded. 

Ysode. 29. _isode_, 90. _sodden_, 179. Boiled. MS. Ed. II. 11. Chaucer. All from to seeth. 

Ysope. 30. 63. Ysop. MS. Ed. 53. The herb Hyssop. Chaucer. V. Isope. Yforced. V. Forced. 

Yfasted. 62. Qu. 

Zif, zyf. MS. Ed. 37. 39. If. Also give, II. 9. 10. 

Ystyned, istyned. 162. 168. To _styne_, 66. Seems to mean to close. 

Yteysed. 20. Pulled in pieces. V. Ad loc. And v. Tease. 

Ypaunced. 62. Perhaps pounced, for which see Chaucer. 

Yfonndred. 62. _ifonded_, 97. 101. _yfondyt_, 102. Poured, mixed, dissolved. V. _found_. Fr. Fondu. 

Yholes. 37. Perhaps, hollow. 

Ypared. 64. Pared. 

Ytosted, itosted. 77. 82. Toasted. 

Iboiled. 114. Boiled. 

Yest. 151. Junius, v. Yeast. 

Igrated. 153. Grated. 

Ybake. 157. Baked. 

Ymbre. 160. 165. Ember. 

Ypocras. How made, 191. Hippocras. Wafers used with it. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 330. VI. P. 5, 6. 24. 28. 12. And dry toasts, Rabelais IV. C. 59. _Joly Ypocras_. Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. VI. P. 23. Bishop Godwinrenders it _Vinum aromaticum_. It was brought both at beginning ofsplendid entertainments, if Apicius is to be underslood of it. Lib. I. C. 1. See Lister, ad loc. And in the middle before the second course;Lel. Coll. IV. P. 227. And at the end. It was in use at St. John'sColl. Cambr. 50 years ago, and brought in at Christmas at the closeof dinner, as anciently most usually it was. It took its name from_Hippocrates' sleeve_, the bag or strainer, through which it waspassed. Skinner, v. Claret; and Chaucer. Or as Junius suggests, because strained _juxta doctrinam Hippocratis_. The Italians call it_hipocrasso_. It seems not to have differed much from _Piment_, orPigment (for which see Chaucer) a rich spiced wine which was sold byVintners about 1250. Mr. Topham's MS. Hippocras was both white andred. Rabelais, IV. C. 59. And I find it used for sauce to lampreys. Ibid. C. 60. 

There is the process at large for making ypocrasse in a MS. Of myrespectable Friend Thomas Astle, esq. P. 2. Which we have thoughtproper to transcribe, as follows:

'To make Ypocrasse for lords with gynger, synamon, and graynes sugour, and turefoll: and for comyn pepull gynger canell, longe peper, andclaryffyed hony. Loke ye have feyre pewter basens to kepe in your

pouders and your ypocrasse to ren ynne. And to vi basens ye mustehave vi renners on a perche as ye may here see. And loke your poudursand your gynger be redy and well paryd or hit be beton in to poudr. Gynger colombyne is the best gynger, mayken and balandyne be not sogood nor holsom. .. . Now thou knowist the propertees of Ypocras. Yourpoudurs must be made everyche by themselfe, and leid in a bledder instore, hange sure your perche with baggs, and that no bagge twoycheother, but basen twoyche basen. The fyrst bagge of a galon, every onof the other a potell. Fyrst do in to a basen a galon or ij ofredwyne, then put in your pouders, and do it in to the renners, andso in to the seconde bagge, then take a pece and assay it. And yefhit be eny thyng to stronge of gynger alay it withe synamon, and yefit be strong of synamon alay it withe sugour cute. And thus schall yemake perfyte Ypocras. And loke your bagges be of boltell clothe, andthe mouthes opyn, and let it ren in v or vi bagges on a perche, andunder every bagge a clene basen. The draftes of the spies is good forsewies. Put your Ypocrase in to a stanche wessell, and bynde opon themouthe a bleddur strongly, then serve forthe waffers and Ypocrasse. '

F I N I S.