REPERTORY OF THE COMEDIE HUMAINE

 TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE

"Work crowned by the French Academy" is a significant line borne bythe title-page of the original edition of Messieurs Cerfberr andChristophe's monumental work. The motto indicates the high esteem inwhich the French authorities hold this very necessary adjunct to thegreat Balzacian structure. And even without this word of approval, theintelligent reader needs but a glance within the pages of the_Repertory of the Comedie Humaine_ to convince him at once of itsutility. 

In brief, the purpose of the _Repertory_ is to give in alphabeticalsequence the names of all the characters forming this Balzaciansociety, together with the salient points in their lives. It is, ofcourse, well known that Balzac made his characters appear again andagain, thus creating out of his distinct novels a miniature world. Tocite a case in point, Rastignac, who comes as near being the hero ofthe _Comedie_ as any other single character, makes his firstappearance in _Father Goriot_, as a student of law; then appearing anddisappearing fitfully in a score of principal novels, he is finallymade a minister and peer of France. Without the aid of the _Repertory_it would be difficult for any save a reader of the entire _Comedie_ totrace out his career. But here it is arranged in temporal sequence, thus giving us a concrete view of the man and his relation to thissociety. 

In reading any separate story, when reference is made in passing to acharacter, the reader will find it helpful and interesting to turn tothe _Repertory_ and find what manner of man it is that is underadvisement. A little systematic reading of this nature will speedilyrender the reader a "confirmed Balzacian. "

A slight confusion may arise in the use of the _Repertory_ on accountof the subdivision of titles. This is the fault neither of MessieursCerfberr and Christophe nor of the translator, but of Balzac himself, who was continually changing titles, dividing and subdividing stories, and revamping and working other changes in his books. _Cousin Betty_and _Cousin Pons_ were placed together by him under the general titleof _Poor Relations_. Being separate stories, we have retained theseparate titles. Similarly, the three divisions of _Lost Illusions_were never published together until 1843--in the first completeedition of the _Comedie_; before assuming final shape its parts hadreceived several different titles. In the present text the editor hasdeemed it best to retain two of the parts under _Lost Illusions_, while the third, which presents a separate Rubempre episode, is givenas _A Distinguished Provincial at Paris_. The three parts of _TheThirteen_--_Ferragus_, _The Duchess of Langeais_, and _The Girl withthe Golden Eyes_--are given under the general title. The fourth partof _Scenes from a Courtesan's Life_, _Vautrin's Last Avatar_, whichuntil the Edition Definitive had been published separately, is heremerged into its final place. But the three parts of _The Celibates_--_Pierrette_, _The Vicar of Tours_ and _A Bachelor's Establishment_, being detached, are given separately. Other minor instances occur, butshould be readily cleared up by reference to the Indices, also to theGeneral Introduction given elsewhere. 

In the preparation of this English text, great care has been exercisedto gain accuracy--a quality not found in other versions now extant. Inone or two instances, errors have been discovered in the originalFrench, notably in dates--probably typographical errors--which havebeen corrected by means of foot-notes. A few unimportant elisions havebeen made for the sake of brevity and coherence. Many difficultiesconfront the translator in the preparation of material of this nature, involving names, dates and titles. Opportunities are constantlyafforded for error, and the work must necessarily be painstaking inorder to be successful. We desire here to express appreciation for thevaluable assistance of Mr. Norman Hinsdale Pitman. 

To Balzac, more than to any other author, a Repertory of charactersis applicable; for he it was who not only created an entire humansociety, but placed therein a multitude of personages so real, sodistinct with vitality, that biographies of them seem no more thansimple justice. We can do no more, then, than follow the advice ofBalzac--to quote again from the original title-page--and "give aparallel to the civil register. "

 J. WALKER McSPADDEN

 INTRODUCTION

Are you a confirmed _Balzacian_?--to employ a former expression ofGautier in _Jeune France_ on the morrow following the appearance ofthat mystic Rabelaisian epic, _The Magic Skin_. Have you experienced, while reading at school or clandestinely some stray volume of the_Comedie Humaine_, a sort of exaltation such as no other book hadaroused hitherto, and few have caused since? Have you dreamed at anage when one plucks in advance all the fruit from the tree of life--yet in blossom--I repeat, have you dreamed of being a Daniel d'Arthez, and of covering yourself with glory by the force of your achievements, in order to be requited, some day, for all the sufferings of yourpoverty-stricken youth, by the sublime Diane, Duchesse deMaufrigneuse, Princesse de Cadignan?

Or, perchance, being more ambitious and less literary, you havedesired to see--like a second Rastignac, the doors of high societyopened to your eager gaze by means of the golden key suspended fromDelphine de Nucingen's bracelet?

Romancist, have you sighed for the angelic tenderness of a Henriettede Mortsauf, and realized in your dreams the innocent emotions excitedby culling nosegays, by listening to tales of grief, by furtivehand-clasps on the banks of a narrow river, blue and placid, in avalley where your friendship flourishes like a fair, delicate lily, the ideal, the chaste flower?

Misanthrope, have you caressed the chimera, to ward off the dark hoursof advancing age, of a friendship equal to that with which the goodSchmucke enveloped even the whims of his poor Pons? Have youappreciated the sovereign power of secret societies, and deliberatedwith yourself as to which of your acquaintances would be most worthyto enter The Thirteen? In your mind's eye has the map of France everappeared to be divided into as many provinces as the _Comedie Humaine_has stories? Has Tours stood for Birotteau, La Gamard, for theformidable Abbe Troubert; Douai, Claes; Limoges, Madame Graslin;Besancon, Savarus and his misguided love; Angouleme, Rubempre;Sancerre, Madame de la Baudraye; Alencon, that touching, artless oldmaid to whom her uncle, the Abbe de Sponde, remarked with gentleirony: "You have too much wit. You don't need so much to be happy"?

Oh, sorcery of the most wonderful magician of letters the world hasseen since Shakespeare! If you have come under the spell of hisenchantments, be it only for an hour, here is a book that will delightyou, a book that would have pleased Balzac himself--Balzac, who wasmore the victim of his work than his most fanatical readers, and whosedream was to compete with the civil records. This volume of nearly sixhundred pages is really the civil record of all the characters in the_Comedie Humaine_, by which you may locate, detail by detail, thesmallest adventures of the heroes who pass and repass through thevarious novels, and by which you can recall at a moment's notice theemotions once awakened by the perusal of such and such a masterpiece. More modestly, it is a kind of table of contents, of a unique type; atable of living contents!

Many Balzacians have dreamed of compiling such a civil record. Imyself have known of five or six who attempted this singular task. Tocite only two names out of the many, the idea of this unusual Vapereauran through the head of that keen and delicate critic, M. HenriMeilhac, and of that detective in continued stories, Emile Gaboriau. Ibelieve that I also have among the papers of my eighteenth year somesheets covered with notes taken with the same intention. But the laborwas too exhaustive. It demanded an infinite patience, combined with aninextinguishable ardor and enthusiasm. The two faithful disciples ofthe master who have conjoined their efforts to uprear this monument, could not perhaps have overcome the difficulties of the undertaking ifthey had not supported each other, bringing to the common work, M. Christophe his painstaking method, M. Cerfberr his accurate memory, his passionate faith in the genius of the great Honore, a faith thatcarried unshakingly whole mountains of documents. 

A pleasing chapter of literary gossip might be written about thiscollaboration; a melancholy chapter, since it brings with it thememory of a charming man, who first brought Messieurs Cerfberr andChristophe together, and who has since died under mournfulcircumstances. His name was Albert Allenet, and he was chief editor ofa courageous little review, _La Jeune France_, which he maintained forsome years with a perseverance worthy of the Man of Business in the_Comedie Humaine_. I can see him yet, a feverish fellow, wan andhaggard, but with his face always lit up by enthusiasm, stopping me ina theatre lobby to tell me about a plan of M. Cerfberr's; and almostimmediately we discovered that the same plan had been conceived by M. Christophe. The latter had already prepared a cabinet of pigeon-holes, arranged and classified by the names of Balzacian characters. When twomen encounter in the same enterprise as compilers, they will eitherhate each other or unite their efforts. Thanks to the excellentAllenet, the two confirmed Balzacians took to each other wonderfully. 

Poor Allenet! It was not long afterwards that we accompanied his bodyto the grave, one gloomy afternoon towards the end of autumn--all ofus who had known and loved him. He is dead also, that other Balzacianwho was so much interested in this work, and for whom the _ComedieHumaine_ was an absorbing thought, Honore Granoux. He was a merchantof Marseilles, with a wan aspect and already an invalid when I methim. But he became animated when speaking of Balzac; and with what amysterious, conspiratorlike veneration did he pronounce these words:"The Vicomte"--meaning, of course, to the thirty-third degreeBalzacolatrites, that incomparable bibliophile to whom we owe thehistory of the novelist's works, M. De Spoelberch de Lovenjoul!--"TheVicomte will approve--or disapprove. " That was the unvarying formulafor Granoux, who had devoted himself to the enormous task ofcollecting all the articles, small or great, published about Balzacsince his entry as a writer. And just see what a fascination this_devil of a man_--as Theophile Gautier once called him--exercises overhis followers; I am fully convinced that these little details ofBalzacian mania will cause the reader to smile. As for me, I havefound them, and still find them, as natural as Balzac's own remark toJules Sandeau, who was telling him about a sick sister: "Let us goback to reality. Who is going to marry Eugenie Grandet?"

Fascination! That is the only word that quite characterizes the sortof influence wielded by Balzac over those who really enjoy him; and itis not to-day that the phenomenon began. Vallies pointed it out longago in an eloquent page of the _Refractaires_ concerning "bookvictims. " Saint Beuve, who can scarcely be suspected of fondnesstowards the editor-in-chief of the _Revue Parisienne_, tells a storystranger and more significant than every other. At one time an entiresocial set in Venice, and the most aristocratic, decided to give outamong its members different characters drawn from the _ComedieHumaine_; and some of these roles, the critic adds, mysteriously, wereartistically carried out to the very end;--a dangerous experiment, forwe are well aware that the heroes and heroines of Balzac often skirtthe most treacherous abysses of the social Hell. 

All this happened about 1840. The present year is 1887, and thereseems no prospect of the sorcery weakening. The work to which thesenotes serve as an introduction may be taken as proof. Indeed, somebodyhas said that the men of Balzac have appeared as much in literature asin life, especially since the death of the novelist. Balzac seems tohave observed the society of his day less than he contributed to forma new one. Such and such personages are truer to life in 1860 than in1835. When one considers a phenomenon of such range and intensity, itdoes not suffice to employ words like infatuation, fashion, mania. Theattraction of an author becomes a psychological fact of primeimportance and subject to analysis. I think I can see two reasons forthis particular strength of Balzac's genius. One dwells in the specialcharacter of his vision, the other in the philosophical trend which hesucceeded in giving to all his writing. 

As to the scope of his vision, this _Repertory_ alone will suffice toshow. Turn over the leaves at random and estimate the number offictitious deeds going to make up these two thousand biographies, eachindividual, each distinct, and most of them complete--that is to say, taking the character at his birth and leaving him only at his death. Balzac not only knows the date of birth or of death, he knows as wellthe local coloring of the time and the country and profession to whichthe man belongs. He is thoroughly conversant with questions oftaxation and income and the agricultural conditions. He is notignorant of the fact that Grandet cannot make his fortune by the samemethods employed by Gobseck, his rival in avarice; nor Ferdinand duTillet, that jackal, with the same magnitude of operations worked outby that elephant of a Nucingen. He has outlined and measured the exactrelation of each character to his environment in the same way he hasoutlined and measured the bonds uniting the various characters; sowell that each individual is defined separately as to his personal andhis social side, and in the same manner each family is defined. It isthe skeleton of these individuals and of these families that is laidbare for your contemplation in these notes of Messieurs Cerfberr andChristophe. But this structure of facts, dependent one upon another bya logic equal to that of life itself, is the smallest effort ofBalzac's genius. Does a birth-certificate, a marriage-contract or aninventory of wealth represent a person? Certainly not. There is stilllacking, for a bone covering, the flesh, the blood, the muscles andthe nerves. A glance from Balzac, and all these tabulated facts becomeimbued with life; to this circumstantial view of the conditions ofexistence with certain beings is added as full a view of the beingsthemselves. 

And first of all he knows them physiologically. The inner workings oftheir corporeal mechanism is no mystery for him. Whether it isBirotteau's gout, or Mortsauf's nervousness, or Fraisier's skintrouble, or the secret reason for Rouget's subjugation by Flore, orLouis Lambert's catalepsy, he is as conversant with the case as thoughhe were a physician; and he is as well informed, also, as a confessorconcerning the spiritual mechanism which this animal machine supports. The slightest frailties of conscience are perceptible to him. From theportress Cibot to the Marquise d'Espard, not one of his women has anevil thought that he does not fathom. With what art, comparable tothat of Stendhal, or Laclos, or the most subtle analysts, does he note--in _The Secrets of a Princess_--the transition from comedy tosincerity! He knows when a sentiment is simple and when it is complex, when the heart is a dupe of the mind and when of the senses. Andthrough it all he hears his characters speak, he distinguishes theirvoices, and we ourselves distinguish them in the dialogue. Thegrowling of Vautrin, the hissing of La Gamard, the melodious tones ofMadame de Mortsauf still linger in our ears. For such intensity ofevocation is as contagious as an enthusiasm or a panic. 

There is abundant testimony going to show that with Balzac thisevocation is accomplished, as in the mystic arts by releasing it, soto speak, from the ordinary laws of life. Pray note in what terms M. Le Docteur Fournier, the real mayor of Tours, relates incidents of thenovelist's method of work, according to the report of a servantemployed at the chateau of Sache: "Sometimes he would shut himself upin his room and stay there several days. Then it was that, plungedinto a sort of ecstasy and armed with a crow quill, he would writenight and day, abstaining from all food and merely contenting himselfwith decoctions of coffee which he himself prepared. " [Brochure of M. Le Docteur Fournier in regard to the statue of Balzac, that statue apiece of work to which M. Henry Renault--another devotee who hadestablished _Le Balzac_--had given himself so ardently. In thisbrochure is found a very curious portrait of Balzac, after a sepia byLouis Boulanger belonging to M. Le Baron Larrey. ]

In the opening pages of _Facino Cane_ this phenomenon is thusdescribed: "With me observation had become intuitive from early youth. It penetrated the soul without neglecting the body, or rather itseized so completely the external details that it went beyond them. Itgave me the faculty of living the life of the individual over whom itobtained control, and allowed me to substitute myself for him like thedervish in _Arabian Nights_ assumed the soul and the body of personsover whom he pronounced certain words. " And he adds, after describinghow he followed a workman and his wife along the street: "I couldespouse their very life, I felt their rags on my back. I trod in theirtattered shoes. Their desires, their needs, all passed into my soul, or my soul passed into them. It was the dream of a man awakened. " Oneday while he and a friend of his were watching a beggar pass by, thefriend was so astonished to see Balzac touch his own sleeve; he seemedto feel the rent which gaped at the elbow of the beggar. 

Am I wrong in connecting this sort of imagination with that which onewitnesses in fanatics of religious faith? With such a faculty Balzaccould not be, like Edgar Poe, merely a narrator of nightmares. He waspreserved from the fantastic by another gift which seems contradictoryto the first. This visionary was in reality a philosopher, that is tosay, an experimenter and a manipulator of general ideas. Proof of thismay be found in his biography, which shows him to us, during hiscollege days at Vendome, plunged into a whirl of abstract reading. Theentire theological and occult library which he discovered in the oldOratorian institution was absorbed by the child, till he had to quitschool sick, his brain benumbed by this strange opium. The story ofLouis Lambert is a monograph of his own mind. During his youth and inthe moments snatched from his profession, to what did he turn hisattention? Still to general ideas. We find him an interested onlookerat the quarrel of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Cuvier, troubling himselfabout the hypothesis of the unity of creation, and still dealing withmysticism; and, in fact, his romances abound in theories. There is notone of his works from which you cannot obtain abstract thoughts by thehundreds. If he describes, as in _The Vicar of Tours_, the woes of anold priest, he profits by the opportunity to exploit a theoryconcerning the development of sensibility, and a treatise on thefuture of Catholicism. If he describes, as in _The Firm of Nucingen_, a supper given to Parisian _blases_, he introduces a system of credit, reports of the Bank and Bureau of Finance, and--any number of otherthings! Speaking of Daniel d'Arthez, that one of his heroes who, withAlbert Savarus and Raphael, most nearly resembles himself, he writes:"Daniel would not admit the existence of talent without profoundmetaphysical knowledge. At this moment he was in the act of despoilingboth ancient and modern philosophy of all their wealth in order toassimilate it. He desired, like Moliere, to become a profoundphilosopher first of all, a writer of comedies afterwards. " Somereaders there are, indeed, who think that philosophy superabounds withBalzac, that the surplus of general hypotheses overflows at times, andthat the novels are too prone to digressions. Be that as it may, itseems incontestible that this was his master faculty, the virtue andvice of his thought. Let us see, however, by what singular detour thispower of generalization--the antithesis, one might say, of thecreative power--increased in him the faculty of the poetic visionary. 

It is important, first of all, to note that this power of thevisionary could not be put directly into play. Balzac had not longenough to live. The list of his works, year by year, prepared by hissister, shows that from the moment he achieved his reputation till theday of his death he never took time for rest or observation or thestudy of mankind by daily and close contact, like Moliere orSaint-Simon. He cut his life in two, writing by night, sleeping by day, and after sparing not a single hour for calling, promenades or sentiment. Indeed, he would not admit this troublesome factor of sentiment, except at a distance and through letters--"because it forms one'sstyle"! At any rate, that is the kind of love he most willinglyadmitted--unless an exception be made of the mysterious intimacies ofwhich his correspondence has left traces. During his youth he hadfollowed this same habit of heavy labor, and as a result theexperience of this master of exact literature was reduced to aminimum; but this minimum sufficed for him, precisely because of thephilosophical insight which he possessed to so high a degree. To thismeagre number of positive faculties furnished by observation, heapplied an analysis so intuitive that he discovered, behind the smallfacts amassed by him in no unusual quantity, the profound forces, thegenerative influences, so to speak. 

He himself describes--once more in connection with Daniel d'Arthez--the method pursued in this analytical and generalizing work. Hecalls it a "retrospective penetration. " Probably he lays hold of theelements of experience and casts them into a seeming retort ofreveries. Thanks to an alchemy somewhat analogous to that of Cuvier, he was enabled to reconstruct an entire temperament from the smallestdetail, and an entire class from a single individual; but that whichguided him in his work of reconstruction was always and everywhere thehabitual process of philosophers: the quest and investigation ofcauses. 

It is due to this analysis that this dreamer has defined almost allthe great principles of the psychological changes incident to ourtime. He saw clearly, while democracy was establishing itself with uson the ruins of the ancient regime, the novelty of the sentimentswhich these transfers from class to class were certain to produce. Hefathomed every complication of heart and mind in the modern woman byan intuition of the laws which control her development. He divined thetransformation in the lives of artists, keeping pace with the changein the national situation; and to this day the picture he has drawn ofjournalism in _Lost Illusions_ ("A Distinguished Provincial at Paris")remains strictly true. It seems to me that this same power of locatingcauses, which has brought about such a wealth of ideas in his work, has also brought about the magic of it all. While other novelistsdescribe humanity from the outside, he has shown man to us both fromwithin and without. The characters which crowd forth from his brainare sustained and impelled by the same social waves which sustain andimpel us. The generative facts which created them are the same whichare always in operation about us. If many young men have taken as amodel a Rastignac, for instance, it is because the passions by whichthis ambitious pauper was consumed are the same which our age ofunbridled greed multiplies around disinherited youth. Add to this thatBalzac was not content merely to display the fruitful sources of amodern intellect, but that he cast upon them the glare of the mostardent imagination the world has ever known. By a rare combinationthis philosopher was also a man, like the story-tellers of the Orient, to whom solitude and the over-excitement of night-work hadcommunicated a brilliant and unbroken hallucination. He was able toimpart this fever to his readers, and to plunge them into a sort of_Arabian Nights_ country, where all the passions, all the desires ofreal life appear, but expanded to the point of fantasy, like thedreams brought on by laudanum or hasheesh. Why, then, should we notunderstand the reason that, for certain readers, this world ofBalzac's is more real than the actual world, and that they devotedtheir energies to imitating it?

It is possible that to-day the phenomenon is becoming rarer, and thatBalzac, while no less admired, does not exercise the same fascinatinginfluence. The cause for this is that the great social forces which hedefined have almost ended their work. Other forces now shape theoncoming generations and prepare them for further sensitiveinfluences. It is none the less a fact that, to penetrate the centralportions of the nineteenth century in France, one must read and rereadthe _Comedie Humaine_. And we owe sincere thanks to Messieurs Cerfberrand Christophe for this _Repertory_. Thanks to them, we shall the moreeasily traverse the long galleries, painted and frescoed, of thisenormous palace, --a palace still unfinished, inasmuch as it lacksthose Scenes of Military Life whose titles awaken dreams within us:_Forced Marches_; _The Battle of Austerlitz_; _After Dresden_. Incontestably, Tolstoy's _War and Peace_ is an admirable book, but howcan we help regretting the loss of the painting of the Grand Army andof our Great Emperor, by Balzac, our Napoleon of letters?

 PAUL BOURGET. 

 REPERTORY OF THE COMEDIE HUMAINE

 A

ABRAMKO, Polish Jew of gigantic strength, thoroughly devoted to thebroker, Elie Magus, whose porter he was, and whose daughter andtreasures he guarded with the aid of three fierce dogs, in 1844, in aold house on the Minimes road hard by the Palais Royale, Paris. Abramko had allowed himself to be compromised in the Polishinsurrection and Magus was interested in saving him. [Cousin Pons. ]

ADELE, sturdy, good-hearted Briarde servant of Denis Rogron and hissister, Sylvie, from 1824 to 1827 at Provins. Contrary to heremployers, she displayed much sympathy and pity for their youthfulcousin, Pierrette Lorrain. [Pierrette. ]

ADELE, chambermaid of Madame du Val-Noble at the time when the latterwas maintained so magnificently by the stockbroker, Jacques Falleix, who failed in 1929. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

ADOLPHE, slight, blonde young man employed at the shop of the shawlmerchant, Fritot, in the Bourse quarter, Paris, at the time of thereign of Louis Philippe. [Gaudissart II. ]

ADOLPHUS, head of the banking firm of Adolphus & Company of Manheim, and father of the Baroness Wilhelmine d'Aldrigger. [The Firm ofNucingen. ]

AGATHE (Sister), nee Langeais, nun of the convent of Chelles, and, with her sister Martha and the Abbe de Marolles, a refugee under theTerror in a poor house of the Faubourg Saint-Martin, Paris. [AnEpisode Under the Terror. ]

AIGLEMONT (General, Marquis Victor d'), heir of the Marquisd'Aiglemont and nephew of the dowager Comtesse de Listomere-Landon;born in 1783. After having been the lover of the Marechale deCarigliano, he married, in the latter part of 1813 (at which time hewas one of the youngest and most dashing colonels of the Frenchcavalry), Mlle. Julie de Chatillonest, his cousin, with whom heresided successively at Touraine, Paris and Versailles. * He took partin the great struggle of the Empire; but the Restoration freed himfrom his oath to Napoleon, restored his titles, entrusted to him astation in the Body Guard, which gave him the rank of general, andlater made him a peer of France. Gradually he forsook his wife, whomhe deceived on account of Madame de Serizy. In 1817 the Marquisd'Aiglemont became the father of a daughter (See Helene d'Aiglemont)who was his image physically and morally; his last three children cameinto the world during a _liaison_ between the Marquise d'Aiglemont andthe brilliant diplomat, Charles de Vandenesse. In 1827 the general, aswell as his protege and cousin, Godefroid de Beaudenord, was hurt bythe fraudulent failure of the Baron de Nucingen. Moreover, he sank amillion in the Wortschin mines where he had been speculating withhypothecated securities of his wife's. This completed his ruin. Hewent to America, whence he returned, six years later, with a newfortune. The Marquis d'Aiglemont died, overcome by his exertions, in1833. ** [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. The Firm of Nucingen. AWoman of Thirty. ]

* It appears that the residence of the Marquis d'Aiglemont at Versailles was located at number 57, on the present Avenue de Paris; until recently it was occupied by one of the authors of this work. 

** Given erroneously in the original as 1835. 

AIGLEMONT (Generale, Marquise Julie d'), wife of the preceding; bornin 1792. Her father, M. De Chatillonest, advised her against, but gaveher in marriage to her cousin, the attractive Colonel Victord'Aiglemont, in 1813. Quickly disillusioned and attacked from anothersource by an "inflammation very often fatal, and which is spoken of bywomen only in confidence, " she sank into a profound melancholy. Thedeath of the Comtesse de Listomere-Landon, her aunt by marriage, deprived her of valuable protection and advice. Shortly thereafter shebecame a mother and found, in the realization of her new duties, strength to resist the mutual attachment between herself and the youngand romantic Englishman, Lord Arthur Ormond Grenville, a student ofmedicine who had nursed her and healed her bodily ailments, and whodied rather than compromise her. Heart-broken, the marquise withdrewto the solitude of an old chateau situated between Moret and Montereauin the midst of a neglected waste. She remained a recluse for almost ayear, given over utterly to her grief, refusing the consolations ofthe Church offered her by the old cure of the village of Saint-Lange. Then she re-entered society at Paris. There, at the age of aboutthirty, she yielded to the genuine passion of the Marquis deVandenesse. A child, christened Charles, was born of this union, buthe perished at an early age under very tragic circumstances. Two otherchildren, Moina and Abel, were also the result of this love union. They were favored by their mother above the two eldest children, Helene and Gustave, the only ones really belonging to the Marquisd'Aiglemont. Madame d'Aiglemont, when nearly fifty, a widow, andhaving none of her children remaining alive save her daughter Moina, sacrificed all her own fortune for a dower in order to marry thelatter to M. De Saint-Hereen, heir of one of the most famous familiesof France. She then went to live with her son-in-law in a magnificentmansion overlooking the Esplanade des Invalides. But her daughter gaveher slight return for her love. Ruffled one day by some remarks madeto her by Madame d'Aiglemont concerning the suspicious devotion of theMarquis de Vandenesse, Moina went so far as to fling back at hermother the remembrance of the latter's own guilty relations with theyoung man's father. Terribly overcome by this attack, the poor woman, who was a physical wreck, deaf and subject to heart disease, died in1844. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

AIGLEMONT (Helene d'), eldest daughter of the Marquis and MarquiseVictor d'Aiglemont; born in 1817. She and her brother Gustave wereneglected by her mother for Charles, Abel and Moina. On this accountHelene became jealous and defiant. When about eight years old, in aparoxysm of ferocious hate, she pushed her brother Charles into theBievre, where he was drowned. This childish crime always passed for aterrible accident. When a young woman--one Christmas night--Heleneeloped with a mysterious adventurer who was being tracked by justiceand who was, for the time being, in hiding at the home of the MarquisVictor d'Aiglemont, at Versailles. Her despairing father sought hervainly. He saw her no more till seven years later, and then only once, when on his return from America to France. The ship on which hereturned was captured by pirates, whose captain, "The Parisian, " theveritable abductor of Helene, protected the marquis and his fortune. The two lovers had four beautiful children and lived together in themost perfect happiness, sharing the same perils. Helene refused tofollow her father. In 1835, some months after the death of herhusband, Madame d'Aiglemont, while taking the youthful Moina to aPyrenees watering-place, was asked to aid a poor sufferer. It was herdaughter, Helene, who had just escaped shipwreck, saving only onechild. Both presently succumbed before the eyes of Madame d'Aiglemont. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

AIGLEMONT (Gustave d'), second child of the Marquis and MarquiseVictor d'Aiglemont, and born under the Restoration. His firstappearance is while still a child, about 1827 or 1828, when returningin company with his father and his sister Helene from the presentationof a gloomy melodrama at the Gaite theatre. He was obliged to fleehastily from a scene, which violently agitated Helene, because itrecalled the circumstances surrounding the death of his brother, sometwo or three years earlier. Gustave d'Aiglemont is next found in thedrawing-room at Versailles, where the family is assembled, on the sameevening of the abduction of Helene. He died at an early age ofcholera, leaving a widow and children for whom the Dowager Marquised'Aiglemont showed little love. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

AIGLEMONT (Charles d'), third child of the Marquis and the Marquised'Aiglemont, born at the time of the intimacy of Madame d'Aiglemontwith the Marquis de Vandenesse. He appears but a single time, onespring morning about 1824 or 1825, then being four years old. He wasout walking with his sister Helene, his mother and the Marquis deVandenesse. In a sudden outburst of jealous hate, Helene pushed thelittle Charles into the Bievre, where he was drowned. [A Woman ofThirty. ]

AIGLEMONT (Moina d'), fourth child and second daughter of the Marquisand Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont. (See Comtesse de Saint-Hereen. ) [AWoman of Thirty. ]

AIGLEMONT (Abel d'), fifth and last child of the Marquis and MarquiseVictor d'Aiglemont, born during the relations of his mother with M. DeVandenesse. Moina and he were the favorites of Madame d'Aiglemont. Killed in Africa before Constantine. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

AJUDA-PINTO (Marquis Miguel d'), Portuguese belonging to a very oldand wealthy family, the oldest branch of which was connected with theBragance and the Grandlieu houses. In 1819 he was enrolled among themost distinguished dandies who graced Parisian society. At this sameperiod he began to forsake Claire de Bourgogne, Vicomtesse deBeauseant, with whom he had been intimate for three years. Afterhaving caused her much uneasiness concerning his real intentions, hereturned her letters, on the intervention of Eugene de Rastignac, andmarried Mlle. Berthe de Rochefide. [Father Goriot. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ] In 1832 he was present at one of Madame d'Espard'sreceptions, where every one there joined in slandering the Princessede Cadignan before Daniel d'Arthez, then violently enamored of her. [The Secrets of a Princess. ] Towards 1840, the Marquis d'Ajuda-Pinto, then a widower, married again--this time Mlle. Josephine de Grandlieu, third daughter of the last duke of this name. Shortly thereafter, themarquis was accomplice in a plot hatched by the friends of theDuchesse de Grandlieu and Madame du Guenic to rescue Calyste du Guenicfrom the clutches of the Marquise de Rochefide. [Beatrix. ]

AJUDA-PINTO (Marquise Berthe d'), nee Rochefide. Married to theMarquis Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto in 1820. Died about 1849. [Beatrix. ]

AJUDA-PINTO (Marquise Josephine d'), daughter of the Duc and DuchesseFerdinand de Grandlieu; second wife of the Marquis Migueld'Ajuda-Pinto, her kinsman by marriage. Their marriage was celebratedabout 1840. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

ALAIN (Frederic), born about 1767. He was clerk in the office ofBordin, procureur of Chatelet. In 1798 he lent one hundred crowns ingold to Monegod his life-long friend. This sum not being repaid, M. Alain found himself almost insolvent, and was obliged to take aninsignificant position at the Mont-de-Piete. In addition to this hekept the books of Cesar Birotteau, the well-known perfumer. Monegodbecame wealthy in 1816, and he forced M. Alain to accept a hundred andfifty thousand francs in payment of the loan of the hundred crowns. The good man then devoted his unlooked-for fortune to philanthropiesin concert with Judge Popinot. Later, at the close of 1825, he becameone of the most active aides of Madame de la Chanterie and hercharitable association. It was M. Alain who introduced Godefroid intothe Brotherhood of the Consolation. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

ALBERTINE, Madame de Bargeton's chambermaid, between the years 1821and 1824. [Lost Illusions. ]

ALBON (Marquis d'), court councillor and ministerial deputy under theRestoration. Born in 1777. In September, 1819, he went hunting in theedge of the forest of l'Isle-Adam with his friend Philippe de Sucy, who suddenly fell senseless at the sight of a poor madwoman whom herecognized as a former mistress, Stephanie de Vandieres. The Marquisd'Albon, assisted by two passers by, M. And Mme. De Granville, resuscitated M. De Sucy. Then the marquis returned, at his friend'sentreaty, to the home of Stephanie, where he learned from the uncle ofthis unfortunate one the sad story of the love of his friend andMadame de Vandieres. [Farewell. ]

ALBRIZZI (Comtesse), a friend, in 1820, at Venice, of the celebratedmelomaniac, Capraja. [Massimilla Doni. ]

ALDRIGGER (Jean-Baptiste, Baron d'), born in Alsace in 1764. In 1800 abanker at Strasbourg, where he was at the apogee of a fortune madeduring the Revolution, he wedded, partly through ambition, partlythrough inclination, the heiress of the Adolphuses of Manheim. Theyoung daughter was idolized by every one in her family and naturallyinherited all their fortune after some ten years. Aldrigger, createdbaron by the Emperor, was passionately devoted to the great man whohad bestowed upon him his title, and he ruined himself, between 1814and 1815, by believing too deeply in "the sun of Austerlitz. " At thetime of the invasion, the trustworthy Alsatian continued to pay ondemand and closed up his bank, thus meriting the remark of Nucingen, his former head-clerk: "Honest, but stoobid. " The Baron d'Aldriggerwent at once to Paris. There still remained to him an income offorty-four thousand francs, reduced at his death, in 1823, by more thanhalf on account of the expenditures and carelessness of his wife. Thelatter was left a widow with two daughters, Malvina and Isaure. [TheFirm of Nucingen. ]

ALDRIGGER (Theodora-Marguerite-Wilhelmine, Baronne d'), nee Adolphus. Daughter of the banker Adolphus of Manheim, greatly spoiled by herparents. In 1800 she married the Strasbourg banker, Aldrigger, whospoiled her as badly as they had done and as later did the twodaughters whom she had by her husband. She was superficial, incapable, egotistic, coquettish and pretty. At forty years of age she stillpreserved almost all her freshness and could be called "the littleShepherdess of the Alps. " In 1823, when the baron died, she came nearfollowing him through her violent grief. The following morning atbreakfast she was served with small pease, of which she was very fond, and these small pease averted the crisis. She resided in the rueJoubert, Paris, where she held receptions until the marriage of heryounger daughter. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

ALDRIGGER (Malvina d'), elder daughter of the Baron and Baronessd'Aldrigger, born at Strasbourg in 1801, at the time when the familywas most wealthy. Dignified, slender, swarthy, sensuous, she was agood type of the woman "you have seen at Barcelona. " Intelligent, haughty, whole-souled, sentimental and sympathetic, she wasnevertheless smitten by the dry Ferdinand du Tillet, who sought herhand in marriage at one time, but forsook her when he learned of thebankruptcy of the Aldrigger family. The lawyer Desroches alsoconsidered asking the hand of Malvina, but he too gave up the idea. The young girl was counseled by Eugene de Rastignac, who took it uponhimself to see that she got married. Nevertheless, she ended by beingan old maid, withering day by day, giving piano lessons, living rathermeagrely with her mother in a modest flat on the third floor, in therue du Mont-Thabor. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

ALDRIGGER (Isaure d'), second daughter of the Baron and Baronned'Aldrigger, married to Godefroid de Beaudenord (See that name. ) [TheFirm of Nucingen. ]

ALINE, a young Auvergne chambermaid in the service of Madame VeroniqueGraslin, to whom she was devoted body and soul. She was probably theonly one to whom was confided all the terrible secrets pertaining tothe life of Madame Graslin. [The Country Parson. ]

ALLEGRAIN* (Christophe-Gabriel), French sculptor, born in 1710. WithLauterbourg and Vien, at Rome, in 1758, he assisted his friendSarrasine to abduct Zambinella, then a famous singer. The prima-donnawas a eunuch. [Sarrasine. ]

* To the sculptor Allegrain who died in 1795, the Louvre Museum is indebted for a "Narcisse, " a "Diana, " and a "Venus entering the Bath. "

ALPHONSE, a friend of the ruined orphan, Charles Grandet, tarryingtemporarily at Saumur. In 1819 he acquitted himself most creditably ofa mission entrusted to him by that young man. He wound up Charles'business at Paris, paying all his debts by a single little sale. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

AL-SARTCHILD, name of a German banking-house, where Gedeon Brunner wascompelled to deposit the funds belonging to his son Frederic andinherited from his mother. [Cousin Pons. ]

ALTHOR (Jacob), a Hambourg banker, who opened up a business at Havrein 1815. He had a son, whom in 1829 M. And Mme. Mignon desired for ason-in-law. [Modeste Mignon. ]

ALTHOR (Francisque), son of Jacob Althor. Francisque was the dandy ofHavre in 1829. He wished to marry Modeste Mignon but forsook herquickly enough when he found out that her family was bankrupt. Notlong afterwards he married Mlle. Vilquin the elder. [Modeste Mignon. ]

AMANDA, Parisian modiste at the time of Louis Philippe. Among hercustomers was Marguerite Turquet, known as Malaga, who was slow inpaying bills. [A Man of Business. ]

AMAURY (Madame), owner, in 1829, of a pavilion at Sauvic, nearIngouville, which Canalis leased when he went to Havre to see Mlle. Mignon [Modeste Mignon. ]

AMBERMESNIL (Comtesse de l') went in 1819, when about thirty-six yearsold, to board with the widow, Mme. Vauquer, rue Nueve Sainte-Genevieve, now Tournefort, Paris. Mme. De l'Ambermesnil gave it out that she wasawaiting the settlement of a pension which was due her on account ofbeing the widow of a general killed "on the battlefield. " Mme. Vauquergave her every attention, confiding all her own affairs to her. Thecomtesse vanished at the end of six months, leaving a board billunsettled. Mme. Vauquer sought her eagerly, but was never able toobtain a trace of this adventuress. [Father Goriot. ]

AMEDEE, nickname bestowed on Felix de Vandenesse by Lady Dudley whenshe thought she saw a rival in Madame de Mortsauf. [The Lily of theValley. ]

ANCHISE (Pere), a surname given by La Palferine to a little Savoyardof ten years who worked for him without pay. "I have never seen suchsilliness coupled with such intelligence, " the Prince of Bohemia saidof this child; "he would go through fire for me, he understandseverything, and yet he does not see that I cannot help him. " [A Princeof Bohemia. ]

ANGARD--At Paris, in 1840, the "professor" Angard was consulted, inconnection with the Doctors Bianchon and Larabit, on account of Mme. Hector Hulot, who it was feared was losing her reason. [Cousin Betty. ]

ANGELIQUE (Sister), nun of the Carmelite convent at Blois under LouisXVIII. Celebrated for her leanness. She was known by Renee del'Estorade (Mme. De Maucombe) and Louise de Chaulieu (Mme. MarieGaston), who went to school at the convent. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

ANICETTE, chambermaid of the Princesse de Cadignan in 1839. Theartful and pretty Champagne girl was sought by the sub-prefect ofArcis-sur-Aube, by Maxime de Trailles, and by Mme. Beauvisage, themayor's wife, each trying to bribe and enlist her on the side ofone of the various candidates for deputy. [The Member for Arcis. ]

ANNETTE, Christian name of a young woman of the Parisian world, underthe Restoration. She had been brought up at Ecouen, where she hadreceived the practical counsels of Mme. Campan. Mistress of CharlesGrandet before his father's death. Towards the close of 1819, a preyto suspicion, she must needs sacrifice her happiness for the timebeing, so she made a weary journey with her husband into Scotland. Shemade her lover effeminate and materialistic, advising with him abouteverything. He returned from the Indies in 1827, when she quicklybrought about his engagement with Mlle. D'Aubrion. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

ANNETTE, maid servant of Rigou at Blangy, Burgundy. She was nineteenyears old, in 1823, and had held this place for more than three years, although Gregoire Rigou never kept servants for a longer period thanthis, however much he might and did favor them. Annette, sweet, blonde, delicate, a true masterpiece of dainty, piquant loveliness, worthy to wear a duchess' coronet, earned nevertheless only thirtyfrancs a year. She kept company with Jean-Louis Tonsard withoutletting her master once suspect it; ambition had prompted this youngwoman to flatter her employer as a means of hoodwinking this lynx. [The Peasantry. ]

ANSELME, Jesuit, living in rue des Postes (now rue Lhomond). Celebrated mathematician. Had some dealings with Felix Phellion, whomhe tried to convert to his religious belief. This rather meagreinformation concerning him was furnished by a certain Madame Komorn. [The Middle Classes. ]

ANTOINE, born in the village of Echelles, Savoy. In 1824 he had servedlongest as clerk in the Bureau of Finance, where he had securedpositions, still more modest than his own, for a couple of hisnephews, Laurent and Gabriel, both of whom were married to lacelaundresses. Antoine meddled with every act of the administration. Heelbowed, criticised, scolded and toadied to Clement Chardin desLupeaulx and other office-holders. He doubtless lived with hisnephews. [The Government Clerks. ]

ANTOINE, old servant of the Marquise Beatrix de Rochefide, in 1840, onthe rue de Chartes-du-Roule, near Monceau Park, Paris. [Beatrix. ]

ANTONIA--see Chocardelle, Mlle. 

AQUILINA, a Parisian courtesan of the time of the Restoration andLouis Philippe. She claimed to be a Piedmontese. Of her true name shewas ignorant. She had appropriated this _nom de guerre_ from acharacter in the well-known tragedy by Otway, "Venice Preserved, " thatshe had chanced to read. At sixteen, pure and beautiful, at the timeof her downfall, she had met Castanier, Nucingen's cashier, whoresolved to save her from evil for his own gain, and live maritallywith her in the rue Richter. Aquilina then took the name of Madame dela Garde. At the same time of her relations with Castanier, she hadfor a lover a certain Leon, a petty officer in a regiment of infantry, and none other than one of the sergeants of Rochelle to be executed onthe Place de Greve in 1822. Before this execution, in the reign ofLouis XVIII. , she attended a performance of "Le Comedien d'Etampes, "one evening at the Gymnase, when she laughed immoderately at thecomical part played by Perlet. At the same time, Castanier, alsopresent at this mirthful scene, but harassed by Melmoth, wasexperiencing the insufferable doom of a cruel hidden drama. [MelmothReconciled. ] Her next appearance is at a famous orgy at the home ofFrederic Taillefer, rue Joubert, in company with Emile Blondet, Rastignac, Bixiou and Raphael de Valentin. She was a magnificent girlof good figure, superb carriage, and striking though irregularfeatures. Her glance and smile startled one. She always included somered trinket in her attire, in memory of her executed lover. [The MagicSkin. ]

ARCOS (Comte d'), a Spanish grandee living in the Peninsula at thetime of the expedition of Napoleon I. He would probably have marriedMaria-Pepita-Juana Marana de Mancini, had it not been for the peculiarincidents which brought about her marriage with the French officer, Francois Diard. [The Maranas. ]

ARGAIOLO (Duc d'), a very rich and well-born Italian, the respectedthough aged husband of her who later became the Duchesse de Rhetore, to the perpetual grief of Albert Savarus. Argaiolo died, almost anoctogenarian, in 1835. [Albert Savarus. ]

ARGAIOLO (Duchesse d'), nee Soderini, wife of the Duc d'Argaiolo. Shebecame a widow in 1835, and took as her second husband the Duc deRhetore. (See Duchesse de Rhetore. ) [Albert Savarus. ]

ARRACHELAINE, surname of the rogue, Ruffard. (See that name. ) [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ]

ARTHEZ (Daniel d'), one of the most illustrious authors of thenineteenth century, and one of those rare men who display "the unityof excellent talent and excellent character. " Born about 1794 or 1796. A Picard gentleman. In 1821, when about twenty-five, he waspoverty-stricken and dwelt on the fifth floor of a dismal house in therue des Quatre-Vents, Paris, where had also resided the illustrioussurgeon Desplein, in his youth. There he fraternized with: HoraceBianchon, then house-physician at Hotel-Dieu; Leon Giraud, the profoundphilosopher; Joseph Bridau, the painter who later achieved so muchrenown; Fulgence Ridal, comic poet of great sprightliness; Meyraux, the eminent physiologist who died young; lastly, Louis Lambert andMichel Chrestien, the Federalist Republican, both of whom were cut offin their prime. To these men of heart and of talent Lucien deRubempre, the poet, sought to attach himself. He was introduced byDaniel d'Arthez, their recognized leader. This society had taken thename of the "Cenacle. " D'Arthez and his friends advised and aided, when in need, Lucien the "Distinguished Provincial at Paris" who endedso tragically. Moreover, with a truly remarkable disinterestednessd'Arthez corrected and revised "The Archer of Charles IX. , " written byLucien, and the work became a superb book, in his hands. Anotherglimpse of d'Arthez is as the unselfish friend of Marie Gaston, ayoung poet of his stamp, but "effeminate. " D'Arthez was swarthy, withlong locks, rather small and bearing some resemblance to Bonaparte. Hemight be called the rival of Rousseau, "the Aquatic, " since he wasvery temperate, very pure, and drank water only. For a long time heate at Flicoteaux's in the Latin Quarter. He had grown famous in 1832, besides enjoying an income of thirty thousand francs bequeathed by anuncle who had left him a prey to the most biting poverty so long asthe author was unknown. D'Arthez then resided in a pretty house of hisown in the rue de Bellefond, where he lived in other respects asformerly, in the rigor of work. He was a deputy sitting on the rightand upholding the Royalist platform of Divine Right. When he hadacquired a competence, he had a most vulgar and incomprehensible_liaison_ with a woman tolerably pretty, but belonging to a lowersociety and without either education or breeding. D'Arthez maintainedher, nevertheless, carefully concealing her from sight; but, far frombeing a pleasurable manner of life, it became odious to him. It was atthis time that he was invited to the home of Diane de Maufrigneuse, Princesse de Cadignan, who was then thirty-six, but did not look it. The famous "great coquette" told him her (so-called) "secrets, "offered herself outright to this man whom she treated as a "famoussimpleton, " and whom she made her lover. After that day there was nodoubt about the relations of the princesse and Daniel d'Arthez. Thegreat author, whose works became very rare, appeared only during someof the winter months at the Chamber of Deputies. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. Letters of Two Brides. The Member for Arcis. TheSecrets of a Princess. ]

ASIE, one of the pseudonyms of Jacqueline Collin. (See that name. )[Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

ATHALIE, cook for Mme. Schontz in 1836. According to her mistress, shewas specially gifted in preparing venison. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

AUBRION (Marquis d'), a gentleman-in-waiting of the Bedchamber, underCharles X. He was of the house of Aubrion de Buch, whose last headdied before 1789. He was silly enough to wed a woman of fashion, though he was already an old man of but twenty thousand francs income, a sum hardly sufficient in Paris. He tried to marry his daughterwithout a dowry to some man who was intoxicated with nobility. In1827, to quote Mme. D'Aubrion, this ancient wreck was madly devoted tothe Duchesse de Chaulieu [Eugenie Grandet. ]

AUBRION (Marquise d'), wife of the preceding. Born in 1789. Atthirty-eight she was still pretty, and, having always been somewhataspiring, she endeavored (in 1827), by hook or by crook, to entangleCharles Grandet, lately returned from the Indies. She wished to make ason-in-law out of him, and she succeeded. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

AUBRION (Mathilde d') daughter of the Marquis and Marquise d'Aubrion;born in 1808; married to Charles Grandet. (See that name. ) [EugenieGrandet. ]

AUBRION (Comte d'), the title acquired by Charles Grandet after hismarriage to the daughter of the Marquis d'Aubrion. [The Firm ofNucingen. ]

AUFFRAY, grocer at Provins, in the period of Louis XV. , Louis XVI. Andthe Revolution. M. Auffray married the first time when eighteen, thesecond time at sixty-nine. By his first wife he had a rather uglydaughter who married, at sixteen, a landlord of Provins, Rogron byname. Auffray had another daughter, by his second marriage, a charminggirl, this time, who married a Breton captain in the Imperial Guard. Pierrette Lorrain was the daughter of this officer. The old grocerAuffray died at the time of the Empire without having had time enoughto make his will. The inheritance was so skillfully manipulated byRogron, the first son-in-law of the deceased, that almost nothing wasleft for the goodman's widow, then only about thirty-eight years old. [Pierrette. ]

AUFFRAY (Madame), wife of the preceding. (See Neraud, Mme. )[Pierrette. ]

AUFFRAY, a notary of Provins in 1827. Husband of Mme. Guenee's thirddaughter. Great-grand-nephew of the old grocer, Auffray. Appointed aguardian of Pierrette Lorrain. On account of the ill-treatment towhich this young girl was subjected at the home of her guardian, DenisRogron, she was removed, an invalid, to the home of the notaryAuffray, a designated guardian, where she died, although tenderlycared for. [Pierrette. ]

AUFFRAY (Madame), born Guenee. Wife of the preceding. The thirddaughter of Mme. Guenee, born Tiphaine. She exhibited the greatestkindness for Pierrette Lorrain, and nursed her tenderly in her lastillness. [Pierrette. ]

AUGUSTE, name borne by Boislaurier, as chief of "brigands, " in theuprisings of the West under the Republic and under the Empire. [TheSeamy Side of History. ]

AUGUSTE, _valet de chambre_ of the General Marquis Armand deMontriveau, under the Restoration, at the time when the latter dweltin the rue de Seine hard by the Chamber of Peers, and was intimatewith the Duchesse Antoinette de Langeais. [The Thirteen. ]

AUGUSTE, notorious assassin, executed in the first years of theRestoration. He left a mistress, surnamed Rousse, to whom JacquesCollin had faithfully remitted (in 1819) some twenty odd thousands offrancs, on behalf of her lover after his execution. This woman wasmarried in 1821, by Jacques Collin's sister, to the head clerk of arich, wholesale hardware merchant. Nevertheless, though once more inrespectable society, she remained bound, by a secret compact, to theterrible Vautrin and his sister. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

AUGUSTE (Madame), dressmaker of Esther Gobseck, and her creditor inthe time of Louis XVIII. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

AUGUSTIN, _valet de chambre_ of M. De Serizy in 1822. [A Start inLife. ]

AURELIE, a Parisian courtesan, under Louis Philippe, at the time whenMme. Fabien du Ronceret commenced her conquests. [Beatrix. ]

AURELIE (La Petite), one of the nicknames of Josephine Schiltz, alsocalled Schontz, who became, later, Mme. Fabien du Ronceret. [Beatrix. ]

AUVERGNAT (L'), one of the assumed names of the rogue Selerier, aliasPere Ralleau, alias Rouleur, alias Fil-de-soie. (See Selerier. )[Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

 B

BABYLAS, groom or "tiger" of Amedee de Soulas, in 1834, at Besancon. Was fourteen years old at this time. The son of one of his master'stenants. He earned thirty-six francs a month by his position tosupport himself, but he was neat and skillful. [Albert Savarus. ]

BAPTISTE, _valet de chambre_ to the Duchesse de Lenoncourt-Chaulieu in1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BARBANCHU, Bohemian with a cocked hat, who was called into Vefour's bysome journalists who breakfasted there at the expense of JeromeThuillier, in 1840, and invited by them to "sponge" off of this urbaneman, which he did. [The Middle Classes. ]

BARBANTI (The), a Corsican family who brought about the reconciliationof the Piombos and the Portas in 1800. [The Vendetta. ]

BARBET, a dynasty of second-hand book-dealers in Paris under theRestoration and Louis Philippe. They were Normans. In 1821 and theyears following, one of them ran a little shop on the quay desGrands-Augustins, and purchased Lousteau's books. In 1836, a Barbet, partner in a book-shop with Metivier and Morand, owned a wretched houseon the rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs and the boulevard du Mont-Parnasse, where dwelt the Baron Bourlac with his daughter and grandson. In 1840the Barbets had become regular usurers dealing in credits with the firmof Cerizet and Company. The same year a Barbet occupied, in a housebelonging to Jerome Thuillier, rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer (now rueRoyal-Collard), a room on the first flight up and a shop on the groundfloor. He was then a "publisher's shark. " Barbet junior, a nephew ofthe foregoing, and editor in the alley des Panoramas, placed on themarket at this time a brochure composed by Th. De la Peyrade butsigned by Thuillier and having the title "Capital and Taxes. " [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. A Man of Business. The Seamy Sideof History. The Middle Classes. ]

BARBETTE, wife of the great Cibot, known as Galope-Chopine. (SeeCibot, Barbette. ) [Les Chouans. ]

BARCHOU DE PENHOEN (Auguste-Theodore-Hilaire), born at Morlaix(Finistere), April 28, 1801, died at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, July 29, 1855. A school-mate of Balzac, Jules Dufaure and Louis Lambert, andhis neighbors in the college dormitory of Vendome in 1811. Later hewas an officer, then a writer of transcendental philosophy, atranslator of Fichte, a friend and interpreter of Ballanche. In 1849he was elected, by his fellow-citizens of Finistere, to theLegislative Assembly where he represented the Legitimists and theCatholics. He protested against the _coup d'etat_ of December 2, 1851(See "The Story of a Crime, " by Victor Hugo). When a child he cameunder the influence of Pyrrhonism. He once gainsaid the talent ofLouis Lambert, his Vendome school-mate. [Louis Lambert. ]

BARGETON (De), born between 1761 and 1763. Great-grandson of anAlderman of Bordeau named Mirault, ennobled during the reign of LouisXIII. , and whose son, under Louis XIV. , now Mirault de Bargeton, wasan officer of the Guards de la Porte. He owned a house at Angouleme, in the rue du Minage, where he lived with his wife, Marie-Louise-Anaisde Negrepelisse, to whom he was entirely obedient. On her account, andat her instigation, he fought with one of the habitues of his salon, Stanislas de Chandour, who had circulated in the town a slander onMme. De Bargeton. Bargeton lodged a bullet in his opponent's neck. Hehad for a second his father-in-law, M. De Negrepelisse. Followingthis, M. De Bargeton retired into his estate at Escarbas, nearBarbezieux, while his wife, as a result of the duel left Angouleme forParis. M. De Bargeton had been of good physique, but "injured byyouthful excesses. " He was commonplace, but a great gourmand. He diedof indigestion towards the close of 1821. [Lost Illusions. ]

BARGETON (Madame de), nee Marie-Louise-Anais Negrepelisse, wife of theforegoing. Left a widow, she married again, this time the Baron Sixtedu Chatelet. (See that name. )

BARILLAUD, known by Frederic Alain whose suspicion he aroused withregard to Monegod. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

BARIMORE (Lady), daughter of Lord Dudley, and apparently the wife ofLord Barimore, although it is a disputed question. Just after 1830, she helped receive at a function of Mlle. Des Touches, rue de laChaussee-d'Antin, where Marsay told about his first love affair. [Another Study of Woman. ]

BARKER (William), one of Vautrin's "incarnations. " In 1824 or 1825, under this assumed name, he posed as one of the creditors of M. D'Estourny, making him endorse some notes of Cerizet's, the partner ofthis M. D'Estourny. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BARNHEIM, family in good standing at Bade. On the maternal side, thefamily of Mme. Du Ronceret, nee Schiltz, alias Schontz. [Beatrix. ]

BARNIOL, Phellion's son-in-law. Head of an academy (in 1840), rueSaint-Hyacinthe-Saint-Michel (now, rue Le Goff and rue Malebrache). Arather influential man in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques. Visited thesalon of Thuillier. [The Middle Classes. ]

BARNIOL (Madame), nee Phellion, wife of the preceding. She had beenunder-governess in the boarding school of the Mlles. Lagrave, rueNotre-Dame des Champs. [The Middle Classes. ]

BARRY (John), a young English huntsman, well known in the districtwhence the Prince of Loudon brought him to employ him at his own home. He was with this great lord in 1829, 1830. [Modeste Mignon. ]

BARTAS (Adrien de), of Angouleme. In 1821, he and his wife were verydevoted callers at the Bargetons. M. De Bartas gave himself upentirely to music, talking about this subject incessantly, andcourting invitations to sing with his heavy bass voice. He posed asthe lover of Mme. De Brebion, the wife of his best friend. M. DeBrebion became the lover of Mme. De Bartas. [Lost Illusions. ]

BARTAS (Madame Josephine de), wife of the preceding, always calledFifine, "for short. " [Lost Illusions. ]

BASTIENNE, Parisian modiste in 1821. Finot's journal vaunted her hats, for a pecuniary consideration, and derogated those of Virginie, formerly praised. [Lost Illusions. ]

BATAILLES (The), belonging to the bourgeoisie of Paris, traders ofMarais, neighbors and friends of the Baudoyers and the Saillards in1824. M. Bataille was a captain in the National Guard, a fact which heallowed no one to ignore. [The Government Clerks. ]

BAUDENORD (Godefroid de), born in 1800. In 1821 he was one of thekings of fashion, in company with Marsay, Vandenesse, Ajuda-Pinto, Maxime de Trailles, Rastignac, the Duc de Maufrigneuse and Manerville. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] His nobility and breeding wereperhaps not very orthodox. According to Mlle. Emilie de Fontaine, hewas of bad figure and stout, having but a single advantage--that ofhis brown locks. [The Ball at Sceaux. ] A cousin, by marriage, of hisguardian, the Marquis d'Aiglemont, he was, like him, ruined by theBaron de Nucingen in the Wortschin mine deal. At one time Beaudenordthought of paying court to his pretty cousin, the Marquised'Aiglemont. In 1827 he wedded Isaure d'Aldrigger and, after havinglived with her in a cosy little house on the rue de le Planche, he wasobliged to solicit employment of the Minister of Finance, a positionwhich he lost on account of the Revolution of 1830. However, he wasreinstated through the influence of Nucingen, in 1836. He now livedmodestly with his mother-in-law, his unmarried sister-in-law, Malvina, his wife and four children which she had given him, on the thirdfloor, over the entresol, rue du Mont-Thabor. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

BAUDENORD (Madame de), wife of the preceding. Born Isaure d'Aldrigger, in 1807, at Strasbourg. An indolent blonde, fond of dancing, but anonentity from both the moral and the intellectual standpoints. [TheFirm of Nucingen. ]

BAUDOYER (Monsieur and Madame), formerly tanners at Paris, rueCensier. They owned their house, besides having a country seat atl'Isle Adam. They had but one child, Isidore, whose sketch follows. Mme. Baudoyer, born Mitral, was the sister of the bailiff of thatname. [The Government Clerks. ]

BAUDOYER (Isidore), born in 1788; only son of M. And Mme. Baudoyer, tanners, rue Censier, Paris. Having finished a course of study, heobtained a position in the Bureau of Finance, where, despite hisnotorious incapacity--and through "wire-pulling"--he became head ofthe office. In 1824, a head of the division, M. De La Billardieredied, when the meritorious clerk, Xavier Rabourdin, aspired to succeedhim; but the position went to Isidore Baudoyer, who was backed by thepower of money and the influence of the Church. He did not retain thispost long; six months thereafter he became a preceptor at Paris. Isidore Baudoyer lived with his wife and her parents in a house onPalais Royale (now Place des Vosges), of which they were joint owners. [The Government Clerks. ] He dined frequently, in 1840, at Thuillier's, an old employe of the Bureau of Finance, then domiciled at the rueSaint-Dominique-d'Enfer, who had renewed his acquaintance with hisold-time colleagues. [The Middle Classes. ] In 1845, this man, who hadbeen a model husband and who made a great pretence of religionmaintained Heloise Brisetout. He was then mayor of the arrondissementof the Palais Royale. [Cousin Pons. ]

BAUDOYER (Madame), wife of the preceding and daughter of a cashier ofthe Minister of Finance; born Elisabeth Saillard in 1795. Her mother, an Auvergnat, had an uncle, Bidault, alias Gigonnet, a short-timemoney lender in the Halles quarter. On the other side, hermother-in-law was the sister of the bailiff Mitral. Thanks to these twomen of means, who exercised a veritable secret power, and through herpiety, which put her on good terms with the clergy, she succeeded inraising her husband up to the highest official positions--profiting alsoby the financial straits of Clement Chardin des Lupeaulx, SecretaryGeneral of Finance. [The Government Clerks. ]

BAUDOYER (Mademoiselle), daughter of Isidore Baudoyer and ElisabethSaillard, born in 1812. Reared by her parents with the idea ofbecoming the wife of the shrewd and energetic speculator MartinFalleix, brother of Jacques Falleix the stock-broker. [The GovernmentClerks. ]

BAUDRAND, cashier of a boulevard theatre, of which Gaudissart becamethe director about 1834. In 1845 he was succeeded by the proletariatTopinard. [Cousin Pons. ]

BAUDRY (Planat de), Receiver General of Finances under theRestoration. He married one of the daughters of the Comte de Fontaine. He usually passed his summers at Sceaux, with almost all his wife'sfamily. [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

BAUVAN (Comte de), one of the instigators of the Chouan insurrectionin the department d'Ille-et-Vilaine, in 1799. Through a secretrevelation made to his friend the Marquis de Montauran on the part ofMlle. De Verneuil, the Comte de Bauvan caused, indirectly, theMassacre des Bleus at Vivetiere. Later, surprised in an ambuscade bysoldiers of the Republic, he was made a prisoner by Mlle. De Verneuiland owed his life to her; for this reason he became entirely devotedto her, assisting as a witness at her marriage with Montauran. [TheChouans. ]

BAUVAN (Comtesse de), in all likelihood the wife of the foregoing, whom she survived. In 1822 she was manager of a Parisian lotterybureau which employed Madame Agatha Bridau, about the same time. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

BAUVAN (Comte and Comtesse de), father and mother of Octave de Bauvan. Relics of the old Court, living in a tumble-down house on the ruePayenne at Paris, where they died, about 1815, within a few months ofeach other, and before the conjugal infelicity of their son. (SeeOctave de Bauvan. ) Probably related to the two preceding. [Honorine. ]

BAUVAN (Comte Octave de), statesman and French magistrate. Born in1787. When twenty-six he married Honorine, a beautiful young heiresswho had been reared carefully at the home of his parents, M. And Mme. De Bauvan, whose ward she was. Two or three years afterwards she leftthe conjugal roof, to the infinite despair of the comte, who gavehimself over entirely to winning her back again. At the end of severalyears he succeeded in getting her to return to him through pity, butshe died soon after this reconciliation, leaving one son born of theirreunion. The Comte de Bauvan, completely broken, set out for Italyabout 1836. He had two residences at Paris, one on rue Payenne, anheirloom, the other on Faubourg Saint-Honore, which was the scene ofthe domestic reunion. [Honorine. ] In 1830, the Comte de Bauvan, thenpresident of the Court of Cassation, with MM. De Granville and deSerizy, tried to save Lucien de Rubempre from a criminal judgment, and, after the suicide of that unhappy man, he followed his remains tothe grave. [Scenes from a Courtesan's life. ]

BAUVAN (Comtesse Honorine de), wife of the preceding. Born in 1794. Married at nineteen to the Comte Octave de Bauvan. After havingabandoned her husband, she was in turn, while expecting a child, abandoned by her lover, some eighteen months later. She then lived avery retired life in the rue Saint-Maur, yet all the time being underthe secret surveillance of the Comte de Bauvan who paid exorbitantprices for the artificial flowers which she made. She thus derivedfrom him a rather large part of the sustenance which she believed sheowed only to her own efforts. She died, reunited to her husband, shortly after the Revolution of July, 1830. Honorine de Bauvan losther child born out of wedlock, and she always mourned it. During heryears of toilsome exile in the Parisian faubourg, she came in contactsuccessively with Marie Gobain, Jean-Jules Popinot, Felix Gaudissart, Maurice de l'Hostal and Abbe Loraux. [Honorine. ]

BEAUDENORD (Madame de), wife of the preceding. Born Isaured'Aldrigger, in 1807, at Strasbourg. An indolent blonde, fond ofdancing, but a nonentity from both the moral and the intellectualstandpoints. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

BEAUMESNIL (Mademoiselle), a celebrated actress of theTheatre-Francais, Paris. Mature at the time of the Restoration. Shewas the mistress of the police-officer Peyrade, by whom she had adaughter, Lydie, whom he acknowledged. The last home of Mlle. Beaumesnil was on rue de Tournon. It was there that she suffered theloss by theft of her valuable diamonds, through Charles Crochard, herreal lover. This was at the beginning of the reign of Louis Philippe. [The Middle Classes. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. A Second Home. ]

BEAUPIED, or Beau-Pied, an alias of Jean Falcon. (See that name. )

BEAUPRE (Fanny), an actress at the Theatre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, Paris, time of Charles X. Young and beautiful, in 1825, she made aname for herself in the role of marquise in a melodrama entitled "LaFamille d'Anglade. " At this time she had replaced Coralie, then dead, in the affections of Camusot the silk-merchant. It was at FannyBeaupre's that Oscar Husson, one of the clerks of lawyer Desroches, lost in gaming the sum of five hundred francs belonging to hisemployer, and that he was discovered lying dead-drunk on a sofa by hisuncle Cardot. [A Start in Life. ] In 1829 Fanny Beaupre, for a moneyconsideration, posed as the best friend of the Duc d'Herouville. [Modeste Mignon. ] In 1842, after his liaison with Mme. De la Baudraye, Lousteau lived maritally with her. [The Muse of the Department. ] Afrequent inmate of the mansion magnificently fitted up for EstherGobseck by the Baron de Nucingen, she knew all the fast set of theyears 1829 and 1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BEAUSEANT (Marquis and Comte de), the father and eldest brother of theVicomte de Beauseant, husband of Claire de Bourgogne. [The DesertedWoman. ] In 1819, the marquis and the comte dwelt together in theirhouse, rue Saint-Dominique, Paris. [Father Goriot. ] While theRevolution was on, the marquis had emigrated. The Abbe de Marolles haddealings with him. [An Episode under the Terror. ]

BEAUSEANT (Marquise de). In 1824 a Marquise de Beauseant, then ratherold, is found to have dealings with the Chaulieus. It was probably thewidow of the marquis of this name, and the mother of the Comte andVicomte de Beauseant. [Letters of Two Brides. ] The Marquise deBeauseant was a native of Champagne, coming of a very old family. [TheDeserted Woman. ]

BEAUSEANT (Vicomte de), husband of Claire de Bourgogne. He understoodthe relations of his wife with Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, and, whether heliked it or not, he respected this species of morganatic alliancerecognized by society. The Vicomte de Beauseant had his residence inParis on the rue de Grenelle in 1819. At that time he kept a dancerand liked nothing better than high living. He became a marquis on thedeath of his father and eldest brother. He was a polished man, courtly, methodical, and ceremonious. He insisted upon livingselfishly. His death would have allowed Mme. De Beauseant to wedGaston de Nueil. [Father Goriot. The Deserted Woman. ]

BEAUSEANT (Vicomtesse de), born Clair de Bourgogne, in 1792. Wife ofthe preceding and cousin of Eugene de Rastignac. Of a family almostroyal. Deceived by her lover, Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, who, whilecontinuing his intimacy with her, asked and obtained the hand ofBerthe de Rochefide, the vicomtesse left Paris secretly before thiswedding and on the morning following a grand ball which was given ather home where she shone in all her pride and splendor. In 1822 this"deserted woman" had lived for three years in the most rigid seclusionat Courcelles near Bayeux. Gaston de Nueil, a young man of three andtwenty, who had been sent to Normandy for his health, succeeded inmaking her acquaintance, was immediately smitten with her and, after along seige, became her lover. This was at Geneva, whither she hadfled. Their intimacy lasted for nine years, being broken by themarriage of the young man. In 1819 the Vicomtesse de Beauseantreceived at Paris the most famous "high-rollers" of the day--Malincour, Ronquerolles, Maxime de Trailles, Marsay, Vandenesse, together with an intermingling of the most elegant dames, as LadyBrandon, the Duchesse de Langeais, the Comtesse de Kergarouet, Mme. DeSerizy, the Duchesse Carigliano, the Comtesse Ferraud, Mme. De Lantry, the Marquise d'Aiglemont, Mme. Firmiani, the Marquise de Listomere, the Marquise d'Espard and the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse. She wasequally intimate with Grandlieu, and the General de Montriveau. Rastignac, then poor at the time of his start in the world, alsoreceived cards to her receptions. [Father Goriot. The Deserted Woman. Albert Savarus. ]

BEAUSSIER, a bourgeois of Issoudun under the Restoration. Upon seeingJoseph Bridau in the diligence, while the artist and his mother wereon a journey in 1822, he remarked that he would not care to meet himat night in the corner of a forest--he looked so much like ahighwayman. That same evening Beaussier, accompanied by his wife, cameto call at Hochon's in order to get a nearer view of the painter. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

BEAUSSIER the younger, known as Beaussier the Great; son of thepreceding and one of the Knights of Idlesse at Issoudun, commanded byMaxence Gilet, under the Restoration. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

BEAUVISAGE, physician of the Convent des Carmelites at Blois, time ofLouis XVIII. He was known by Louise de Chaulieu and by Renee deMaucombe, who were reared in the convent. According to Louise deChaulieu, he certainly belied his name. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

BEAUVISAGE, at one time tenant of the splendid farm of Bellache, pertaining to the Gondreville estate at Arcis-sur-Aube. The father ofPhileas Beauvisage. Died about the beginning of the nineteenthcentury. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Member for Arcis. ]

BEAUVISAGE (Madame), wife of the preceding. She survived him for quitea long period and helped her son Phileas win his success. [The Memberfor Arcis. ]

BEAUVISAGE (Phileas), son of Beauvisage the farmer. Born in 1792. Ahosier at Arcis-sur-Aube during the Restoration. Mayor of the town in1839. After a preliminary defeat he was elected deputy at the timewhen Sallenauve sent in his resignation, in 1841. An ardent admirer ofCrevel whose affectations he aped. A millionaire and very vain, hewould have been able, according to Crevel, to advance Mme. Hulot, fora consideration, the two hundred thousand francs of which that unhappylady stood in so dire a need about 1842. [Cousin Betty. The Member forArcis. ]

BEAUVISAGE (Madame), born Severine Grevin in 1795. Wife of PhileasBeauvisage, whom she kept in complete subjugation. Daughter of Grevinthe notary of Arcis-sur-Aube, Senator Malin de Gondreville's intimatefriend. She inherited her father's marvelous faculty of discretion;and, though diminutive in stature, reminded one forcibly, in her faceand ways, of Mlle. Mars. [The Member for Arcis. ]

BEAUVISAGE (Cecile-Renee), only daughter of Phileas Beauvisage andSeverine Grevin. Born in 1820. Her natural father was the VicomteMelchior de Chargeboeuf who was sub-prefect of Arcis-sur-Aube at thecommencement of the Restoration. She looked exactly like him, besideshaving his aristocratic airs. [The Member for Arcis. ]

BEAUVOIR (Charles-Felix-Theodore, Chevalier de), cousin of theDuchesse de Maille. A Chouan prisoner of the Republic in the chateaude l'Escarpe in 1799. The hero of a tale of marital revenge related byLousteau, in 1836, to Mme. De la Baudraye, the story being obtained--so the narrator said--from Charles Nodier. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

BECANIERE (La), surname of Barbette Cibot. (See that name. )

BECKER (Edme), a student of medicine who dwelt in 1828 at number 22, rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve--the residence of the Marquisd'Espard. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

BEDEAU, office boy and roustabout for Maitre Bordin, attorney to theChatelet in 1787. [A Start in Life. ]

BEGA, surgeon in a French regiment of the Army of Spain in 1808. Afterhaving privately accouched a Spaniard under the espionage of herlover, he was assassinated by her husband, who surprised him in thetelling of this clandestine operation. The foregoing adventure wastold Mme. De la Baudraye, in 1836, by the Receiver of Finances, Gravier, former paymaster of the Army. [The Muse of the Department. ]

BEGRAND (La), a dancer at the theatre of Porte-Sainte-Martin, Paris, in 1820. * Mariette, who made her debut at this time, also scored asuccess. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

* She shone for more than sixty years as a famous choreographical artist in the boulevards. 

BELLEFEUILLE (Mademoiselle de), assumed name of Caroline Crochard. 

BELLEJAMBE, servant of Lieutenant-Colonel Husson in 1837. [A Start inLife. ]

BELOR (Mademoiselle de), young girl of Bordeaux living there about1822. She was always in search of a husband, whom, for some cause orother, she never found. Probably intimate with Evangelista. [AMarriage Settlement. ]

BEMBONI (Monsignor), attache to the Secretary of State at Rome, whowas entrusted with the transmission to the Duc de Soria at Madrid ofthe letters of Baron de Macumer his brother, a Spanish refugee atParis in 1823, 1824. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

BENARD (Pieri). After corresponding with a German for two years, hediscovered an engraving by Muller entitled the "Virgin of Dresden. " Itwas on Chinese paper and made before printing was discovered. It costCesar Birotteau fifteen hundred francs. The perfumer destined thisengraving for the savant Vauquelin, to whom he was under obligations. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

BENASSIS (Doctor), born about 1779 in a little town of Languedoc. Hereceived his early training at the College of Soreze, Tarn, which wasmanaged by the Oratorians. After that he pursued his medical studiesat Paris, residing in the Latin quarter. When twenty-two he lost hisfather, who left him a large fortune; and he deserted a young girl bywhom he had had a son, in order to give himself over to the mostfoolish dissipations. This young girl, who was thoroughly well meantand devoted to him, died two years after the desertion despite themost tender care of her now contrite lover. Later Benassis soughtmarriage with another young girl belonging to a Jansenist family. Atfirst the affair was settled, but he was thrown over when the secretof his past life, hitherto concealed, was made known. He then devotedhis whole life to his son, but the child died in his youth. Afterwavering between suicide and the monastery of Grande-Chartreuse, Doctor Benassis stopped by chance in the poor village of l'Isere, fiveleagues from Grenoble. He remained there until he had transformed thesqualid settlement, inhabited by good-for-nothing Cretins, into thechief place of the Canton, bustling and prosperous. Benassis died in1829, mayor of the town. All the populace mourned the benefactor andman of genius. [The Country Doctor. ]

BENEDETTO, an Italian living at Rome in the first third of thenineteenth century. A tolerable musician, and a police spy, "on theside. " Ugly, small and a drunkard, he was nevertheless the luckyhusband of Luigia, whose marvelous beauty was his continual boast. After an evening spent by him over the wine-cups, his wife in loathinglighted a brasier of charcoal, after carefully closing all the exitsof the bedchamber. The neighbors rushing in succeeded in saving heralone; Benedetto was dead. [The Member for Arcis. ]

BERENICE, chambermaid and cousin of Coralie the actress of thePanorama and Gymnase Dramatique. A large Norman woman, as ugly as hermistress was pretty, but tender and sympathetic in direct proportionto her corpulence. She had been Coralie's childhood playmate and wasabsolutely bound up in her. In October, 1822, she gave Lucien deRubempre, then entirely penniless, four five-franc pieces which sheundoubtedly owed to the generosity of chance lovers met on theboulevard Bonne-Nouvelle. This sum enabled the unfortunate poet toreturn to Angouleme. [Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

BERGERIN was the best doctor at Saumur during the Restoration. Heattended Felix Grandet in his last illness. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

BERGMANN (Monsieur and Madame), Swiss. Venerable gardeners of acertain Comte Borromeo, tending his parks located on the two famousisles in Lake Major. In 1823 they owned a house at Gersau, nearQuatre-Canton Lake, in the Canton of Lucerne. For a year back they hadlet one floor of this house to the Prince and Princesse Gandolphini, --personages of a novel entitled, "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " publishedby Albert Savarus in the Revue de l'Est, in 1834. [Albert Savarus. ]

BERNARD. (See Baron de Bourlac. )

BERNUS, diligence messenger carrying the passengers, freight, andperhaps, the letters of Saint-Nazaire to Guerande, during the time ofCharles X. And Louis Philippe. [Beatrix. ]

BERQUET, workman of Besancon who erected an elevated kiosk in thegarden of the Wattevilles, whence their daughter Rosalie could seeevery act and movement of Albert Savarus, a near neighbor. [AlbertSavarus. ]

BERTHIER (Alexandre), marshal of the Empire, born at Versailles in1753, dying in 1815. He wrote, as Minister of War at the close of1799, to Hulot, then in command of the Seventy-second demi-brigade, refusing to accept his resignation and giving him further orders. [TheChouans. ] On the evening of the battle of Jena, October 13, 1806, heaccompanied the Emperor and was present at the latter's interview withthe Marquis de Chargeboeuf and Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, special envoysto France to implore pardon for the Simeuses, the Hauteserres, andMichu who had been condemned as abductors of Senator Malin deGondreville. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

BERTHIER, Parisian notary, successor of Cardot, whose assistanthead-clerk he had been and whose daughter Felicite (or Felicie) hemarried. In 1843 he was Mme. Marneffe's notary. At the same time hehad in hand the affairs of Camusot de Marville; and Sylvain Pons oftendined with him. Master Berthier drew up the marriage settlement ofWilhelm Schwab with Emilie Graff, and the copartnership articlesbetween Fritz Brunner and Wilhelm Schwab. [Cousin Betty. Cousin Pons. ]

BERTHIER (Madame), nee Felicie Cardot, wife of the preceding. She hadbeen wronged by the chief-clerk in her father's office. This young mandied suddenly, leaving her enceinte. She then espoused the secondclerk, Berthier, in 1837, after having been on the point of acceptingLousteau. Berthier was cognizant of all the head-clerk's doings. Inthis affair both acted for a common interest. The marriage wasmeasurably happy. Madame Berthier was so grateful to her husband thatshe made herself his slave. About the end of 1844 she welcomed verycoldly Sylvain Pons, then in disgrace in the family circle. [The Museof the Department. Cousin Pons. ]

BERTON, tax-collector at Arcis-sur-Aube in 1839. [The Member forArcis. ]

BERTON (Mademoiselle), daughter of the tax-collector ofArcis-sur-Aube. A young, insignificant girl who acted the satelliteto Cecile Beauvisage and Ernestine Mollot. [The Member for Arcis. ]

BERTON (Doctor), physician of Paris. In 1836 he lived on rue d'Enfer(now rue Denfert-Rochereau). An assistant in the benevolent work ofMme. De la Chanterie, he visited the needy sick whom she pointed out. Among others he attended Vanda de Mergi, daughter of the Baron deBourlac--M. Bernard. Doctor Berton was gruff and frigid. [The SeamySide of History. ]

BETHUNE (Prince de), the only man of fashion who knew "what a hat was"--to quote a saying of Vital the hatter, in 1845. [The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

BEUNIER & CO. , the firm Bixiou inquired after in 1845, near Mme. Nourrisson's. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

BIANCHI. Italian. During the first Empire a captain in the sixthregiment of the French line, which was made up almost entirely of menof his nationality. Celebrated in his company for having bet that hewould eat the heart of a Spanish sentinel, and winning that bet. Captain Bianchi was first to plant the French colors on the wall ofTarragone, Spain, in the attack of 1808. But a friar killed him. [TheMaranas. ]

BIANCHON (Doctor), a physician of Sancerre, father of Horace Bianchon, brother of Mme. Popinot, the wife of Judge Popinot. [The Commission inLunacy. ]

BIANCHON (Horace), a physician of Paris, celebrated during the timesof Charles X. And Louis Philippe; an officer of the Legion of Honor, member of the Institute, professor of the Medical Faculty, physician-in-charge, at the same time, of a hospital and the EcolePolytechnique. Born at Sancerre, Cher, about the end of the eighteenthcentury. He was "interne" at the Cochin Hospital in 1819, at whichtime he boarded at the Vauquer Pension where he knew Eugene deRastignac, then studying law, and Goriot and Vautrin. [Father Goriot. ]Shortly thereafter, at Hotel Dieu, he became the favored pupil of thesurgeon Desplein, whose last days he tended. [The Atheist's Mass. ]Nephew of Judge Jean-Jules Popinot and relative of Anselme Popinot, hehad dealings with the perfumer Cesar Birotteau, who acknowledgedindebtedness to him for a prescription of his famous hazelnut oil, andwho invited him to the grand ball which precipitated Birotteau'sbankruptcy. [Cesar Birotteau. The Commission in Lunacy. ] Member of the"Cenacle" in rue des Quatre-Vents, and on intimate terms with all theyoung fellows composing this clique, he was consequently enabled, toan extent, to bring Daniel d'Arthez to the notice of Rastignac, nowUnder-Secretary of State. He nursed Lucien de Rubempre who was woundedin a duel with Michel Chrestien in 1822; also Coralie, Lucien'smistress, and Mme. Bridau in their last illnesses. [Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. A Bachelor's Establishment. TheSecrets of a Princess. ] In 1824 the young Doctor Bianchon accompaniedDesplein, who was called in to attend the dying Flamet de laBillardiere. [The Government Clerks. ] In Provins in 1828, with thesame Desplein and Dr. Martener, he gave the most assiduous attentionto Pierrette Lorrain. [Pierrette. ] In this same year of 1828 he had amomentary desire to become one of an expedition to Morea. He was thenphysician to Mme. De Listomere, whose misunderstanding with Rastignache learned and afterwards related. [A Study of Woman. ] Again incompany with Desplein, in 1829, he was called in by Mme. De Nucingenwith the object of studying the case of Baron de Nucingen, herhusband, love-sick for Esther Gobseck. In 1830, still with hiscelebrated chief, he was cited by Corentin to express an opinion onthe death of Peyrade and the lunacy of Lydie his daughter. Then, withDesplein and with Dr. Sinard, to attend Mme. De Serizy, who it wasfeared would go crazy over the suicide of Lucien de Rubempre. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ] Associated with Desplein, at this same time, he cared for the dying Honorine, wife of Comte de Bauvan [Honorine. ], and examined the daughter of Baron de Bourlac--M. Bernard--who wassuffering from a peculiar Polish malady, the plica. [The Seamy Side ofHistory. ] In 1831 Horace Bianchon was the friend and physician ofRaphael de Valentin. [The Magic Skin. ] In touch with the Comte deGranville in 1833, he attended the latter's mistress, CarolineCrochard. [A Second Home. ] He also attended Mme. Du Bruel, thenmistress of La Palferine, who had injured herself by falling andstriking her head against the sharp corner of a fireplace. [A Princeof Bohemia. ] In 1835 he attended Mme. Marie Gaston--Louise de Chaulieu--though a hopeless case. [Letters of Two Brides. ] In 1837 at Paris heaccouched Mme. De la Baudraye who had been intimate with Lousteau; hewas assisted by the celebrated accoucheur Duriau. [The Muse of theDepartment. ] In 1838 he was Comte Laginski's physician. [The ImaginaryMistress. ] In 1840 Horace Bianchon resided on rue de laMontagne-Sainte-Genevieve, in the house where his uncle, Judge Popinot, died, and he was asked to become one of the Municipal Council, in placeof that upright magistrate. But he declined, declaring in favor ofThuillier. [The Middle Classes. ] The physician of Baron Hulot, Creveland Mme. Marneffe, he observed with seven of his colleagues, theterrible malady which carried off Valerie and her second husband in1842. In 1843 he also visited Lisbeth Fisher in her last illness[Cousin Betty. ] Finally, in 1844, Dr. Bianchon was consulted by Dr. Roubaud regarding Mme. Graslin at Montegnac. [The Country Parson. ]Horace Bianchon was a brilliant and inspiring conversationalist. Hegave to society the adventures known by the following titles: A Studyof Woman; Another Study of Woman; La Grande Breteche. 

BIBI-LUPIN, chief of secret police between 1819 and 1830; a formerconvict. In 1819 he personally arrested at Mme. Vauquer'sboarding-house Jacques Collin, alias Vautrin, his old galley-mate andpersonal enemy. Under the name of Gondureau, Bibi-Lupin had madeovertures to Mlle. Michonneau, one of Mme. Vauquer's guests, andthrough her he had obtained the necessary proofs of the real identityof Vautrin who was then without the pale of the law, but who later, May, 1830, became his successor as chief of secret police. [FatherGoriot. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BIDAULT (Monsieur and Madame), brother and sister-in-law of Bidault, alias Gigonnet; father and mother of M. And Mme. Saillard, furniture-dealers under the Central Market pillars during the latterpart of the eighteenth and perhaps the beginning of the nineteenthcenturies. [The Government Clerks. ]

BIDAULT, known as Gigonnet, born in 1755; originally an Auvergnat;uncle of Mme. Saillard on the paternal side. A paper-merchant at onetime, retired from business since the year II of the Republic, heopened an account with a Dutchman called Sieur Werbrust, who was afriend of Gobseck. In business relations with the latter, he was oneof the most formidable usurers in Paris, during the Empire, theRestoration and the first part of the July Government. He dwelt in rueGreneta. [The Government Clerks. Gobseck. ] Luigi Porta, a rankingofficer retired under Louis XVIII. , sold all his back pay to Gigonnet. [The Vendetta. ] Bidault was one of the syndicate that engineered thebankruptcy of Birotteau in 1819. At this time he persecuted Mme. Madou, a market dealer in filberts, who was his debtor. [CesarBirotteau. ] In 1824 he succeeded in making his grand-nephew, IsidoreBaudoyer, chief of the division under the Minister of Finance; in thishe was aided by Gobseck and Mitral, and worked on the GeneralSecretary, Chardin des Lupeaulx, through the medium of the latter'sdebts and the fact of his being candidate for deputy. [The GovernmentClerks. ] Bidault was shrewd enough; he saw through--and much to hisprofit--the pretended speculation involved in the third receivershipwhich was operated by Nucingen in 1826. [The Firm of Nucingen. ] In1833 M. Du Tillet advised Nathan, then financially stranded, to applyto Gigonnet, the object being to involve Nathan. [A Daughter of Eve. ]The nick-name of Gigonnet was applied to Bidault on account of afeverish, involuntary contraction of a leg muscle. [The GovernmentClerks. ]

BIDDIN, goldsmith, rue de l'Arbe-Sec, Paris, in 1829; one of EstherGobseck's creditors. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BIFFE (La), concubine of the criminal Riganson, alias Le Biffon. Thiswoman, who was a sort of Jacques Collin in petticoats, evaded thepolice, thanks to her disguises. She could ape the marquise, thebaronne and the comtesse to perfection. She had her own carriage andfootmen. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BIFFON (Le), an alias of Riganson. 

BIGORNEAU, sentimental clerk of Fritot's, the shawl merchant in theBourse quarter, Paris, time of Louis Philippe. [Gaudissart II. ]

BIJOU (Olympe). (See Grenouville, Madame. )

BINET, inn-keeper in the Department of l'Orne in 1809. He wasconcerned in a trial which created some stir, and cast a shadowover Mme. De la Chanterie, striking at her daughter, Mme. DesTours-Minieres. Binet harbored some brigands known as "chauffeurs. "He was brought to trial for it and sentenced to five years'imprisonment. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

BIROTTEAU (Jacques), a gardener hard by Chinon. He married thechambermaid of a lady on whose estate he trimmed vines. Three boyswere born to them: Francois, Jean and Cesar. He lost his wife on thebirth of the last child (1779), and himself died shortly after. [CesarBirotteau. ]

BIROTTEAU (Abbe Francois), eldest son of Jacques Birotteau; born in1766; vicar of the church of Saint-Gatien at Tours, and afterwardscure of Saint-Symphorien in the same city. After the death of the Abbede la Berge, in 1817, he became confessor of Mme. De Mortsauf, attending her last moments. [The Lily of the Valley. ] His brotherCesar, the perfumer, wrote him after his--Cesar's--business failure in1819, asking aid. Abbe Birotteau, in a touching letter, responded withthe sum of one thousand francs which represented all his own littlehoard and, in addition, a loan obtained from Mme. De Listomere. [CesarBirotteau. ] Accused of having inveigled Mme. De Listomere to leave himthe income of fifteen hundred francs, which she bequeathed him on herdeath, Abbe Birotteau was placed under interdiction, in 1826, thevictim of the terrible hatred of the Abbe Troubert. [The Vicar ofTours. ]

BIROTTEAU (Jean), second son of Jacques Birotteau. A captain in thearmy, killed in the historic battle of La Trebia which lasted threedays, June 17-19, 1799. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

BIROTTEAU (Cesar), third son of Jacques Birotteau, born in 1779;dealer in perfumes in Paris at number 397 rue Saint-Honore, near thePlace Vendome, in the old shop once occupied by the grocer Descoings, who was executed with Andre Chenier in 1794. After the eighteenthBrumaire, Cesar Birotteau succeeded Sieur Ragon, and moved the sourceof the "Queen of Roses" to the above address. Among his customers werethe Georges, the La Billardieres, the Montaurans, the Bauvans, theLonguys, the Mandas, the Berniers, the Guenics, and the Fontaines. These relations with the militant Royalists implicated him in the plotof the 13th Vendemaire, 1795, against the Convention; and he waswounded, as he told over and over, "by Bonaparte on the borders ofSaint-Roche. " In May, 1800, Birotteau the perfumer marriedConstance-Barbe-Josephine Pillerault. By her he had an only daughter, Cesarine, who married Anselme Popinot in 1822. Successively captain, then chief of battalion in the National Guard and adjunct-mayor of theeleventh arrondissement, Birotteau was appointed Chevalier of the Legionof Honor in 1818. To celebrate his nomination in the Order, he gave agrand ball* which, on account of the very radical changes necessitatedin his apartments, and coupled with some bad speculations, broughtabout his total ruin; he filed a petition in bankruptcy the yearfollowing. By stubborn effort and the most rigid economy, Birotteauwas able to indemnify his creditors completely, three years later(1822). But he died soon after the formal court reinstating. Henumbered among his patrons in 1818 the following: the Duc and Duchessede Lenoncourt, the Princesse de Blamont-Chauvry, the Marquised'Espard, the two Vandenesses, Marsay, Ronquerolles, and the Marquisd'Aiglemont. [Cesar Birotteau. A Bachelor's Establishment. ] CesarBirotteau was likewise on friendly terms with the Guillaumes, clothingdealers in the rue Saint-Denis. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

* The 17th of December was really Thursday and not Sunday, as erroneously given. 

BIROTTEAU (Madame), born Constance-Barbe-Josephine Pillerault in 1782. Married Cesar Birotteau in May, 1800. Previous to her marriage she washead "saleslady" at the "Little Sailor"* novelty shop, corner of QuaiAnjou and rue des Deux Ponts, Paris. Her surviving relative andguardian was her uncle, Claude-Joseph Pillerault. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

* This shop still exists at the same place, No. 43 Quai d'Anjou and 40 rue des Deux-Ponts, being run by M. L. Bellevaut. 

BIROTTEAU (Cesarine). (See Popinot, Madame Anselme. )

BIXIOU, * Parisian grocer, in rue Saint-Honore, before the Revolutionin the eighteenth century. He had a clerk called Descoings, whomarried his widow. The grocer Bixiou was the grandfather ofJean-Jacques Bixiou, the celebrated cartoonist. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

* Pronounced "Bissiou. "

BIXIOU, son of the preceding and father of Jean-Jacques Bixiou. He wasa colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment; killed at the battle ofDresden, on the 26th or 27th of August, 1813. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

BIXIOU (Jean-Jacques), famous artist; son of Colonel Bixiou who waskilled at Dresden; grandson of Mme. Descoings, whose first husband wasthe grocer Bixiou. Born in 1797, he pursued a course of study at theLyceum, to which he had obtained a scholarship. He had for friendsPhilippe and Joseph Bridau, and Master Desroches. Later he entered thepainter Gros's studio. Then in 1819, through the influence of the Ducsde Maufrigneuse and de Rhetore, whom he met at some dancer's, heobtained a position with the Minister of Finance. He remained withthis administration until December, 1824, when he resigned. In thissame year he was one of the best men for Philippe Bridau, who marriedFlore Brazier, known as La Rabouilleuse, the widow of J. -J. Rouget. After this woman's death, in 1828, he was led, disguised as a priest, to the residence of the Soulanges, where he told the comte about thescandal connected with her death, knowingly caused by her husband; hetold, also, about the bad habits and vulgarities of Philippe Bridau, and thus caused the breaking off of the marriage of this weather-beatensoldier with Mlle. Amelie de Soulanges. A talented cartoonist, distinguished practical joker, and recognized as one of the kings of_bon mot_, he led a free and easy life. He was on speaking terms withall the artists and all the lorettes of his day. Among others he knewthe painter, Hippolyte Schinner. He turned a pretty penny, during thetrial of De Fualdes and de Castaing, by illustrating in a fantasticway the account of this trial. [A Bachelor's Establishment. TheGovernment Clerks. The Purse. ] He designed some vignettes for thewriting of Canalis. [Modeste Mignon. ] With Blondet, Lousteau andNathan he was a habitue of the house of Esther Gobseck, rueSaint-Georges, in 1829, 1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] In aprivate room of a well-known restaurant, in 1836, he wittily relatedto Finot, Blondet and Couture the source of Nucingen's fortune. [TheFirm of Nucingen. ] In January, 1837, his friend Lousteau had him comeespecially to upbraid him, Lousteau, on account of the latter'sirregular ways with Mme. De la Baudraye, while she, concealed in anante-room, heard it all. This scene had been arranged beforehand; itsobject was to give Lousteau a chance to declare, apparently, hisunquenchable attachment for his mistress. [The Muse of theDepartment. ] In 1838 he attended the house-warming of HeloiseBrisetout in rue Chauchat. In the same year he was attendant at themarriage of Steinbock with Hortense Hulot, and of Crevel with thewidow Marneffe. [Cousin Betty. ] In 1839 the sculptorDorlange-Sallenauve knew of Bixiou and complained of his slanders. [The Member for Arcis. ] Mme. Schontz treated him most cordially in 1838, and he had to pass for her "special, " although their relations, in fact, did not transcend the bounds of friendship. [Beatrix. ] In 1840, at thehome of Marguerite Turquet, maintained by the notary Cardot, whenLousteau, Nathan and La Palferine were also present, he heard a storyby Desroches. [A Man of Business. ] About 1844, Bixiou helped in a highcomedy relative to a Selim shawl sold by Fritot to Mistress Noswell. Bixiou himself had purchased, in a shop with M. Du Ronceret, a shawlfor Mme. Schontz. [Gaudissart II. ] In 1845 Bixiou showed Paris and the"Unconscious Humorists" to a Pyrrenean named Gazonal, in company withLeon de Lora, a cousin of the countryman. At this time Bixiou dwelt atnumber 112 rue Richelieu, sixth floor; when he had a regular positionhe had lived in rue de Ponthieu. [The Unconscious Humorists. ] In therue Richelieu period he was the lover of Heloise Brisetout. [CousinPons. ]

BLAMONT-CHAUVRY (Princesse de), mother of Mme. D'Espard; aunt of theDuchesse de Langeais; great aunt of Mme. De Mortsauf; a veritabled'Hozier in petticoats. Her drawing-room set the fashion in FaubourgSaint-Germain, and the sayings of this feminine Talleyrand werelistened to as oracles. Very aged at the beginning of the reign ofLouis XVIII. , she was one of the most poetic relics of the reign ofLouis XV. , the "Well-Beloved;" and to this nick-name--as the recordshad it--she had contributed her full share. [The Thirteen. ] Mme. Firmiani was received by the princess on account of the Cadignans, towhom she was related on her mother's side. [Madame Firmiani. ] Felix deVandenesse was admitted to her "At Homes, " on the recommendation ofMme. De Mortsauf; nevertheless he found in this old lady a friendwhose affection had a quality almost maternal. The princess was in thefamily conclave which met to consider an amorous escapade of theDuchesse Antoinette de Langeais. [The Lily of the Valley. TheThirteen. ]

BLANDUREAUS (The), wealthy linen merchants at Alencon, time of theRestoration. They had an only daughter, to whom the President duRonceret wished to marry his son. She, however, married JosephBlondet, the oldest son of Judge Blondet. This marriage caused secrethostility between the two fathers, one being the other's superior inoffice. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

BLONDET, judge at Alencon in 1824; born in 1758; father of Joseph andEmile Blondet. At the time of the Revolution he was a publicprosecutor. A botanist of note, he had a remarkable conservatory wherehe cultivated geraniums only. This conservatory was visited by theEmpress Marie-Louise, who spoke of it to the Emperor and obtained forthe judge the decoration of the Legion of Honor. Following theVicturien d'Esgrignon episode, about 1825, Judge Blondet was made anofficer in the Order and chosen councillor at the Royal Court. Here heremained in office no longer than absolutely necessary, retreating tohis dear Alencon home. He married in 1798, at the age of forty, ayoung girl of eighteen, who in consequence of this disparity wasunfaithful to him. He knew that his second son, Emile, was not hisown; he therefore cared only for the elder and sent the youngerelsewhere as soon as possible. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] About1838 Fabien du Ronceret obtained credit in an agricultural conventionfor a flower which old Blondet had given him, but which he exhibitedas a product of his own green-house. [Beatrix. ]

BLONDET (Madame), wife of the preceding; born in 1780; married in1798. She was intimate with a prefect of Orne, who was the naturalfather of Emile Blondet. Distant ties bound her to the Troisvillefamily, and it was to them that she sent Emile, her favored son. Before her death, in 1818, she commended him to her old-time lover andalso to the future Madame de Montcornet, with whom he had been reared. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

BLONDET (Joseph), elder son of Judge Blondet of Alencon; born in thatcity about 1799. In 1824 he practiced law and aspired to become asubstitute judge. Meanwhile he succeeded his father, whose post hefilled till his death. He was one of the numerous men of ordinarytalent. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

BLONDET (Madame Joseph), nee Claire Blandureau, wife of JosephBlondet, whom she married when he was appointed judge at Alencon. Shewas the daughter of wealthy linen dealers in the city. [Jealousies ofa Country Town. ]

BLONDET (Emile), born at Alencon about 1800; legally the younger sonof Judge Blondet, but really the son of a prefect of Orne. Tenderlyloved by his mother, but hated by Judge Blondet, who sent him, in1818, to study law in Paris. Emile Blondet knew the noble family ofd'Esgrignon in Alencon, and for the youngest daughter of thisillustrious house he felt an esteem that was really admiration. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] In 1821 Emile Blondet was a remarkablyhandsome young fellow. He made his first appearance in the "Debats" bya series of masterly articles which called forth from Lousteau theremark that he was "one of the princes of criticism. " [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ] In 1824 he contributed to a review edited byFinot, where he collaborated with Lucien de Rubempre and where he wasallowed full swing by his chief. Emile Blondet had the most desultoryof habits; one day he would be a boon companion, without compunction, with those destined for slaughter on the day following. He was always"broke" financially. In 1829, 1830, Bixiou, Lousteau, Nathan and hewere frequenters of Esther's house, rue Saint-Georges. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ] A cynic was Blondet, with little regard for gloryundefiled. He won a wager that he could upset the poet Canalis, thoughthe latter was full of assurance. He did this by staring fixedly atthe poet's curls, his boots, or his coat-tails, while he recitedpoetry or gesticulated with proper emphasis, fixed in a studied pose. [Modeste Mignon. ] He was acquainted with Mlle. Des Touches, beingpresent at her home on one occasion, about 1830, when Henri de Marsaytold the story of his first love affair. He took part in theconversation and depicted the "typical woman" to Comte Adam Laginski. [Another Study of Woman. ] In 1832 he was a guest at Mme. D'Espard's, where he met his childish flame, Mme. De Montcornet, also thePrincesse de Cadignan, Lady Dudley, d'Arthez, Nathan, Rastignac, theMarquis d'Ajuda-Pinto, Maxime de Trailles, the Marquis d'Esgrignon, the two Vandenesses, du Tillet, the Baron Nucingen and the Chevalierd'Espard, brother-in-law of the marquise. [The Secrets of a Princess. ]About 1833 Blondet presented Nathan to Mme. De Montcornet, at whosehome the young Countess Felix de Vandenesse made the acquaintance ofthe poet and was much smitten with him for some time. [A Daughter ofEve. ] In 1836 he and Finot and Couture chimed in on the narrative ofthe rise of Nucingen, told with much zest by Bixiou in a private roomof a famous restaurant. [The Firm of Nucingen. ] Eight or ten yearsprior to February, 1848, Emile Blondet, on the brink of suicide, witnessed an entire transition in his affairs. He was chosen aprefect, and he married the wealthy widow of Comte de Montcornet, whooffered him her hand when she became free. They had known and lovedeach other since childhood. [The Peasantry. ]

BLONDET (Virginie), wife by second marriage of Emile Blondet; born in1797; daughter of the Vicomte de Troisville; granddaughter of theRussian Princesse Scherbelloff. She was brought up at Alencon, withher future husband. In 1819 she married the General de Montcornet. Twenty years later, a widow, she married the friend of her youth, whothis long time had been her lover. [Jealousies of a Country Town. TheSecrets of a Princess. The Peasantry. ] She and Mme. D'Espard tried toconvert Lucien de Rubempre to the monarchical side in 1821. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ] She was present at Mlle. DesTouches', about 1830, when Marsay told about his first love, and shejoined in the conversation. [Another Study of Woman. ] She received arather mixed set, from an aristocratic standpoint, but here might befound the stars of finance, art and literature. [The Member forArcis. ] Mme. Felix de Vandenesse saw Nathan the poet for the firsttime and noticed him particularly at Mme. De Montcornet's, in 1834, 1835. [A Daughter of Eve. ] Mme. Emile Blondet, then Madame la Generalede Montcornet, passed the summer and autumn of 1823 in Burgundy, ather beautiful estate of Aigues, where she lived a burdened andtroubled life among the many and varied types of peasantry. Remarried, and now the wife of a prefect, eight years or so before February, 1848, time of Louis Philippe, she visited her former properties. [ThePeasantry. ]

BLUTEAU (Pierre), assumed name of Genestas. [The Country Doctor. ]

BOCQUILLON, an acquaintance of Mme. Etienne Gruget. In 1820, rue desEnfants-Rouges, Paris, she mistook for him the stock-broker, JulesDesmarets, who was entering her door. [The Thirteen. ]

BOGSECK (Madame van), name bestowed by Jacques Collin on Esther vanGobseck when, in 1825, he gave her, transformed morally andintellectually, to Lucien de Rubempre, in an elegant flat on rueTaitbout. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BOIROUGE, president of the Sancerre Court at the time when the Baronnede la Baudraye held social sway over that city. Through his wife, hewas related to the Popinot-Chandiers, to Judge Popinot of Paris, andto Anselme Popinot. He was hereditary owner of a house which he didnot need, and which he very gladly leased to the baronne for thepurpose of starting a literary society that, however, degenerated verysoon into an ordinary clique. Actuated by jealousy, President Boirougewas one of the principals in the defeat of Procureur Clagny fordeputy. He was reputed to be unchaste at repartee. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

BOIROUGE (Madame), nee Popinot-Chandier, wife of President Boirouge;stood well among the middle-class of Sancerre. After having beenleader in the opposition to Mme. De la Baudraye for nine years, sheinduced her son Gatien to attend the Baudraye receptions, persuadingherself that he would soon make his way. Profiting by the visit ofBianchon to Sancerre, Mme. Boirouge obtained of the famous physician, her relative, a gratuitous consultation by giving him full particularsregarding some pretended nervous trouble of the stomach, in whichcomplaint he recognized a periodic dyspepsia. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

BOIROUGE (Gatien), son of President Boirouge; born in 1814; the junior"patito" of Mme. De la Baudraye, who employed him in all sorts ofsmall ways. Gatien Boirouge was made game of by Lousteau, to whom hehad confessed his love for that masterful woman. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

BOISFRANC (De), procureur-general, then first president of a royalcourt under the Restoration. (See Dubut. )

BOISFRANC (Dubut de), president of the Aides court under the oldregime; brother of Dubut de Boisfrelon and of Dubut de Boislaurier. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

BOISFRELON (Dubut de), brother of Dubut de Boisfranc and of Dubut deBoislaurier; at one time councillor in Parliament; born in 1736; diedin 1832 in the home of his niece, the Baronne de la Chanterie. Godefroid succeeded him. M. De Boisfrelon had been one of the"Brotherhood of Consolation. " He was married, but his wife probablydied before him. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

BOISLAURIER (Dubut de), junior brother of Dubut de Boisfranc and ofDubut de Boisfrelon. Commander-in-chief of the Western Rebellion in1808-1809, and designated then by the surname of Augustus. WithRifoel, Chevalier du Vissard, he plotted the organization of the"Chauffeurs" of Mortagne. Then, in the trial of the "brigands, " he wascondemned to death by default. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

BOIS-LEVANT, chief of division under the Minister of Finance in 1824, at the time when Xavier Rabourdin and Isidore Baudoyer contested thesuccession of office in another division, that of F. De laBillardiere. [The Government Clerks. ]

BOLESLAS, Polish servant of the Comte and Comtesse Laginski, in rue dela Pepiniere, Paris, between 1835 and 1842. [The Imaginary Mistress. ]

BONAMY (Ida), aunt of Mlle. Antonia Chocardelle. At the time of LouisPhilippe, she conducted, on rue Coquenard (since 1848 rue Lamartine), "just a step or two from rue Pigalle, " a reading-room given to herniece by Maxime de Trailles. [A Man of Business. ]

BONAPARTE (Napoleon), Emperor of the French; born at Ajaccio, August15, 1768, or 1769, according to varying accounts; died at St. HelenaMay 5, 1821. As First Consul in 1800 he received at the Tuileries theCorsican, Bartholomeo di Piombo, and disentangled his countryman fromthe latter's implication in a vendetta. [The Vendetta. ] On the eveningof the battle of Jena, October 13, 1806, he was met on that ground byLaurence de Cinq-Cygne, who had come post haste from France, and towhom he accorded pardon for the Simeuses and the Hauteserres, compromised in the abduction of Senator Malin de Gondreville. [TheGondreville Mystery. ] Napoleon Bonaparte was strongly concerned in thewelfare of his lieutenant, Hyacinthe Chabert, during the battle ofEylau. [Colonel Chabert. ] In November, 1809, he was to have attended agrand ball given by Senator Malin de Gondreville; but he was detainedat the Tuileries by a scene--noised abroad that same evening--betweenJosephine and himself, a scene which disclosed their impendingdivorce. [Peace in the House. ] He condoned the infamous conduct of thepolice officer Contenson. [The Seamy Side of History. ] In April, 1813, during a dress-parade on the Place du Carrousel, Paris, Napoleonnoticed Mlle. De Chatillonest, who had come with her father to see thehandsome Colonel d'Aiglemont, and leaning towards Duroc he made abrief remark which made the Grand Marshal smile. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

BONAPARTE (Lucien), brother of Napoleon Bonaparte; born in 1775; diedin 1840. In June, 1800, he went to the house of Talleyrand, theForeign Minister, and there announced to him and also to Fouche, Sieyes and Carnot, the victory of his brother at Montebello. [TheGondreville Mystery. ] In the month of October of the same year he wasencountered by his countryman, Bartholomeo di Piombo, whom heintroduced to the First Consul; he also gave his purse to the Corsicanand afterwards contributed towards relieving his difficulties. [TheVendetta. ]

BONFALOT, or BONVALOT (Madame), an aged relative of F. Du Bruel atParis. La Palferine first met Mme. Du Bruel in 1834 on the boulevard, and boldly followed her all the way to Mme. De Bonfalot's, where shewas calling. [A Prince of Bohemia. ]

BONFONS (Cruchot de), nephew of Cruchot the notary and Abbe Cruchot;born in 1786; president of the Court of First Instance of Saumur in1819. The Cruchot trio backed by a goodly number of cousins and alliedto twenty families in the city, formed a party similar to that of theolden-time Medicis at Florence; and also, like the Medicis, theCruchots had their Pazzis in the persons of the Grassins. The prizecontested for between the Cruchots and the Grassins was the hand ofthe rich heiress, Eugenie Grandet. In 1827, after nine years of suing, the President Cruchot de Bonfons married the young woman, now left anorphan. Previous to this he had been commissioned by her to settle infull, both principal and interest, with the creditors of CharlesGrandet's father. Six months after his marriage, Bonfons was electedcouncillor to the Royal Court of Angers. Then after some yearssignalized by devoted service he became first president. Finallychosen deputy for Saumur in 1832, he died within a week, leaving hiswidow in possession of an immense fortune, still further augmented bythe bequests of the Abbe and the notary Cruchot. Bonfons was the nameof an estate of the magistrate. He married Eugenie only throughcupidity. He looked like "a big, rusty nail. " [Eugenie Grandet. ]

BONFONS (Eugenie Cruchot de), only daughter of M. And Mme. FelixGrandet; born at Saumur in 1796. Strictly reared by a mother gentleand devout, and by a father hard and avaricious. The single bright rayacross her life was an absolutely platonic love for her cousin CharlesGrandet. But, once away from her, this young man was forgetful of her;and, on his return from the Indies in 1827, a rich man, he married theyoung daughter of a nobleman. Upon this occurrence, Eugenie Grandet, now an orphan, settled in full with the creditors of Charles' father, and then bestowed her hand upon the President Cruchot de Bonfons, whohad paid her court for nine years. At the age of thirty-six she wasleft a widow without having ceased to be a virgin, following herexpressed wish. Sadly she secluded herself in the gloomy home of herchildhood at Saumur, where she devoted the rest of her life to worksof benevolence and charity. After her father's death, Eugenie wasoften alluded to, by the Cruchot faction, as Mlle. De Froidfond, fromthe name of one of her holdings. In 1832 an effort was made to induceMme. De Bonfons to wed with Marquis de Froidfond, a bankrupt widowerof fifty odd years and possessed of numerous progeny. [EugenieGrandet. ]

BONGRAND, born in 1769; first an advocate at Melun, then justice ofthe peace at Nemours from 1814 to 1837. He was a friend of DoctorMirouet's and helped educate Ursule Mirouet, protecting her to thebest of his ability after the death of the old physician, and aidingin the restitution of her fortune which Minoret-Levrault had impairedby the theft of the doctor's will. M. Bongrand had wanted to make amatch between Ursule Mirouet and his son, but she loved Savinien dePortenduere. The justice of the peace became president of the court atMelun, after the marriage of the young lady with Savinien. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

BONGRAND (Eugene), son of Bongrand the justice of the peace. Hestudied law at Paris under Derville the attorney, this constitutingall his course. He became public prosecutor at Melun after theRevolution of 1830, and general prosecutor in 1837. Failing in hislove suit with Ursule Mirouet, he probably married the daughter of M. Levrault, former mayor of Nemours. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

BONNAC, a rather handsome young fellow, who was head clerk for thenotary Lupin at Soulanges in 1823. His accomplishments were his onlydowry. He was loved in platonic fashion by his employer's wife, Mme. Lupin, otherwise known as Bebelle, a fat ridiculous female withouteducation. [The Peasantry. ]

BONNEBAULT, retired cavalry soldier, the Lovelace of the village ofBlangy, Burgundy, and its suburbs in 1823. Bonnebault was the lover ofMarie Tonsard who was perfectly foolish about him. He had still other"good friends" and lived at their expense. Their generosity did notsuffice for his dissipations, his cafe bills and his unbridled tastefor billiards. He dreamed of marrying Aglae Socquard, only daughter ofPere Socquard, proprietor of the "Cafe de la Paix" at Soulanges. Bonnebault obtained three thousand francs from General de Montcornetby coming to him to confess voluntarily that he had been commissionedto kill him for this price. The revelation, with other things, leadthe general to weary of his fierce struggle with the peasantry, and toput up for sale his property at Aigues, which became the prey ofGaubertin, Rigou and Soudry. Bonnebault was squint-eyed and hisphysical appearance did not belie his depravity. [The Peasantry. ]

BONNEBAULT (Mere), grandmother of Bonnebault the veteran. In 1823, atConches, Burgandy, where she lived, she owned a cow which she did nothesitate to pasture in the fields belonging to General de Montcornet. The numerous depredations of the old woman, added to convictions formany similar offences, caused the general to decide to confiscate thecow. [The Peasantry. ]

BONNET (Abbe), Cure of Montegnac near Limoges from 1814 on. In thiscapacity, he assisted at the public confession of his penitent, Mme. Graslin, in the summer of 1844. Upon leaving the seminary ofSaint-Sulpice, Paris, he was sent to this village of Montegnac, whichhe never after wished to leave. Here, sometimes unaided, sometimeswith the help of Mme. Graslin, he toiled for a material and moralbetterment, bringing about an entire regeneration of a wretchedcountry. It was he who brought the outlawed Tascheron back into theChurch, and who accompanied him to the very foot of the scaffold, witha devotion which caused his own very sensitive nature much cringing. Born in 1788, he had embraced the ecclesiastical calling throughchoice, and all his studies had been to that end. He belonged to afamily of more than easy circumstancaes. His father was a self-mademan, stern and unyielding. Abbe Bonnet had an older brother, and asister whom he counseled with his mother to marry as soon as possible, in order to release the young woman from the terrible paternal yoke. [The Country Parson. ]

BONNET, older brother of Abbe Bonnet, who enlisted as a private aboutthe beginning of the Empire. He became a general in 1813; fell atLeipsic. [The Country Parson. ]

BONNET (Germain), _valet de chambre_ of Canalis in 1829, at the timewhen the poet went to Havre to contest the hand of Modeste Mignon. Aservant full of _finesse_ and irreproachable in appearance, he was ofthe greatest service to his master. He courted Philoxene Jacmin, chambermaid of Mme. De Chaulieu. Here the pantry imitated the parlor, for the academician's mistress was the great lady herself. [ModestMignon. ]

BONTEMS, a country landowner in the neighborhood of Bayeux, whofeathered his nest well during the Revolution, by purchasinggovernment confiscations at his own terms. He was pronounced "redcap, " and became president of his district. His daughter, AngeliqueBontems, married Granville during the Empire; but at this time Bontemswas dead. [A Second Home. ]

BONTEMS (Madame), wife of the preceding; outwardly pious, inwardlyvain; mother of Angelique Bontems, whom she had reared in much thesame attitude, and whose marriage with a Granville was, inconsequence, so unhappy. [A Second Home. ]

BONTEMS (Angelique). (See Granville, Madame de. )

BORAIN (Mademoiselle), the most stylish costumer in Provins, at thetime of Charles X. She was commissioned by the Rogrons to make acomplete wardrobe for Pierrette Lorrain, when that young girl was sentthem from Brittany. [Pierrette. ]

BORDEVIN (Madame), Parisian butcher in rue Charlot, at the time whenSylvain Pons dwelt hard by in rue de Normandie. Mme. Bordevin wasrelated to Mme. Sabatier. [Cousin Pons. ]

BORDIN, procureur at the Chatelet before the Revolution; then advocateof the Court of First Instance of the Seine, under the Empire. In 1798he instructed and advised with M. Alain, a creditor of Monegod's. Bothhad been clerks at the procureur's. In 1806, the Marquis deChargeboeuf went to Paris to hunt for Master Bordin, who defended theSimeuses before the Criminal Court of Troyes in the trial regardingthe abduction and sequestration of Senator Malin. In 1809 he alsodefended Henriette Bryond des Tours-Minieres, nee La Chanterie, in thetrial docketed as the "Chauffeurs of Mortagne. " [The GondrevilleMystery. The Seamy Side of History. ] In 1816 Bordin was consulted byMme. D'Espard regarding her husband. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]During the Restoration a banker at Alencon made quarterly payments ofone hundred and fifty livres to the Chevalier de Valois through theParisian medium of Bordin. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] For tenyears Bordin represented the nobility. Derville succeeded him. [TheGondreville Mystery. ]

BORDIN (Jerome-Sebastien), was also procureur at the Chatelet, and, in1806, advocate of the Seine Court. He succeeded Master Guerbet, andsold his practice to Sauvagnest, who disposed of it to Desroches. [AStart in Life. ]

BORN (Comte de), brother of the Vicomtesse de Grandlieu. In the winterof 1829-1830, he is discovered at the home of his sister, taking partin a conversation in which the advocate Derville related the maritalinfelicities of M. De Restaud, and the story of his will and hisdeath. The Comte de Born seized the chance to exploit the character ofMaxime de Trailles, the lover of Mme. De Restaud. [Gobseck. ]

BORNICHE, son-in-law of M. Hochon, the old miser of Issoudun. He diedof chagrin at business failures, and at not having received anyassistance from his father or mother. His wife preceded him but ashort time to the tomb. They left a son and a daughter, Baruch andAdolphine, who were brought up by their maternal grandfather, withFrancois Hochon, another grandchild of the goodman's. Borniche wasprobably a Calvinist. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

BORNICHE (Monsieur and Madame), father and mother of the preceding. They were still living in 1823, when their son and theirdaughter-in-law had been deceased some time. In April of this year, old Mme. Borniche and her friend Mme. Hochon, who ruled socially inIssoudun, assisted at the wedding of La Rabouilleuse withJean-Jacques Rouget. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

BORNICHE (Baruch), grandson of the preceding, and of M. And Mme. Hochon. Born in 1800. Early left an orphan, he and his sister werereared by his grandfather on the maternal side. He had been one of theaccomplices of Maxence Gilet, and took part in the nocturnal raids ofthe "Knights of Idlesse. " When his conduct became known to hisgrandfather, in 1822, the latter lost no time in removing him fromIssoudun, sending him to Monegod's office, Paris, to study law. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

BORNICHE (Adolphine), sister of Baruch Borniche; born in 1804. Broughtup almost a recluse in the frigid, dreary house of her grandfather, Hochon, she spent most of her time peering through the windows, in thehope of discovering some of the terrible things which--as Dame Rumorhad it--occurred in the home of Jean-Jacques Rouget, next door. Shelikewise awaited with some impatience the arrival of Joseph Bridau inIssoudun, wishing to inspire some sentiment in him, and taking theliveliest interest in the painter, on account of the monstrositieswhich were attributed to him because of his being an artist. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

BOUCARD, head-clerk of the attorney Derville in 1818, at the time whenColonel Chabert sought to recover his rights with his wife who hadbeen remarried to Comte Ferraud. [Colonel Chabert. ]

BOUCHER, Besancon merchant in 1834, who was the first client of AlbertSavarus in that city. He assumed financial control of the "Revue del'Est, " founded by the lawyer. M. Boucher was related by marriage toone of the ablest editors of great theological works. [AlbertSavarus. ]

BOUCHER (Alfred), eldest son of the preceding. Born in 1812. A youth, eager for literary fame, whom Albert Savarus put on the staff of his"Revue de l'Est, " giving him his themes and subjects. Alfred Boucherconceived a strong admiration for the managing editor, who treated himas a friend. The first number of the "Revue" contained a "Meditation"by Alfred. This Alfred Boucher believed he was exploiting Savarus, whereas the contrary was the case. [Albert Savarus. ]

BOUFFE (Marie), alias Vignol, actor born in Paris, September 4, 1800. He appeared about 1822 at the Panorama-Dramatique theatre, on theBoulevard du Temple, Paris, playing the part of the Alcade in athree-act imbroglio by Raoul Nathan and Du Bruel entitled "L'Alcadedans l'embarras. " At the first night performance he announced that theauthors were Raoul and Cursy. Although very young at the time, thisartist made his first great success in this role, and revealed histalent for depicting an old man. The critique of Lucien de Rubempreestablished his position. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

BOUGIVAL (La). (See Cabirolle, Madame. )

BOUGNIOL (Mesdemoiselles), proprietors of an inn at Guerande(Loire-Inferieure), at the time of Louis Philippe. They had as guestssome artist friends of Felicite des Touches--Camille Maupin--who hadcome from Paris to see her. [Beatrix. ]

BOURBONNE (De), wealthy resident of Tours, time of Louis XVIII. AndCharles X. An uncle of Octave de Camps. In 1824 he visited Paris toascertain the cause of the ruin of his nephew and sole heir, whichruin was generally credited to dissipations with Mme. Firmiani. M. DeBourbonne, a retired musketeer in easy circumstances, was wellconnected. He had entry into the Faubourg Saint-Germain through theListomeres, the Lenoncourts and the Vandenesses. He caused himself tobe presented at Mme. Firmiani's as M. De Rouxellay, the name of hisestate. The advice of Bourbonne, which was marked by muchperspicacity, if followed, would have extricated Francois Birotteaufrom Troubert's clutches; for the uncle of M. De Camps fathomed theplottings of the future Bishop of Troyes. Bourbonne saw a great dealmore than did the Listomeres of Tours. [Madame Firmiani. The Vicar ofTours. ]

BOURDET (Benjamin), old soldier of the Empire, formerly serving underPhilippe Bridau's command. He lived quietly in the suburbs of Vatan, in touch with Fario. In 1822 he placed himself at the entire disposalof the Spaniard, and also of the officer who previously had put himunder obligations. Secretly he served them in their hatred of andplots against Maxence Gilet. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

BOURGEAT, foundling of Saint-Flour. Parisian water-carrier about theend of the eighteenth century. The friend and protector of the youngDesplein, the future famous surgeon. He lived in rue Quatre-Vents inan humble house rendered doubly famous by the sojourn of Desplein andby that of Daniel d'Arthez. A fervent Churchman of unswerving faith. The future famous savant (Desplein) watched by his bedside at the lastand closed his eyes. [The Atheist's Mass. ]

BOURGET, uncle of the Chaussard brothers. An old man who becameimplicated in the trial of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne in 1809. He diedduring the taking of the testimony, while making some confessions. Hiswife, also apprehended, appeared before the court and was sentenced totwenty-two years' imprisonment. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

BOURGNEUFS (The), a family ruined by the De Camps and living inpoverty and seclusion at Saint-Germain en Laye, during the early partof the nineteenth centruy. This family consisted of: the aged father, who ran a lottery-office; the mother, almost always sick; and twodelightful daughters, who took care of the home and attended to thecorrespondence. The Bourgneufs were rescued from their troubles byOctave de Camps who, prompted by Mme. Firmiani, and at the cost of hisentire property, restored to them the fortune made away with by hisfather. [Madame Firmiani. ]

BOURGNIER (Du). (See Bousquier, Du. )

BOURIGNARD (Gratien-Henri-Victor-Jean-Joseph), father of Mme. JulesDesmarets. One of the "Thirteen" and the former chief of the Order ofthe Devorants under the title of Ferragus XXIII. He had been alaborer, but afterwards was a contractor of buildings. His daughterwas born to an abandoned woman. About 1807 he was sentenced to twentyyears of hard labor, but he managed to escape during a journey of thechain-gang from Paris to Toulon, and he returned to Paris. In 1820 helived there under diverse names and disguises, lodging successively onrue des Vieux Augustins (now rue d'Argout), corner of rue Soly (aninsignificant street which disappeared when the Hotel des Postes wasrebuilt); then at number seven rue Joquelet; finally at Mme. E. Gruget's, number twelve rue des Enfants-Rouges (now part of the ruedes Archives running from rue Pastourelle to rue Portefoin), changinglodgings at this time to evade the investigations of Auguste deMaulincour. Stunned by the death of his daughter, whom he adored andwith whom he held secret interviews to prevent her becoming amenableto the law, he passed his last days in an indifferent, almost idioticway, idly watching match games at bowling on the Place del'Observatoire; the ground between the Luxembourg and the Boulevard deMontparnasse was the scene of these games. One of the assumed names ofBourignard was the Comte de Funcal. In 1815, Bourignard, aliasFerragus, assisted Henri de Marsay, another member of the "Thirteen, "in his raid on Hotel San-Real, where dwelt Paquita Valdes. [TheThirteen. ]

BOURLAC (Bernard-Jean-Baptiste-Macloud, Baron de), formerprocureur-general of the Royal Court of Rouen, grand officer of theLegion of Honor. Born in 1771. He fell in love with and married thedaughter of the Pole, Tarlowski, a colonel in the French Imperial Guard. By her he had a daughter, Vanda, who became the Baronne de Mergi. Awidower and reserved by nature, he came to Paris in 1829 to take careof Vanda, who was seized by a strange and very dangerous malady. Afterhaving lived in the Quartier du Roule in 1838, with his daughter andgrandson, he dwelt for several years, in very straitened circumstances, in a tumble-down house on the Boulevard du Montparnasse, whereGodefroid, a recent initiate into the "Brotherhood of the Consolation"and under the direction of Mme. De la Chanterie and her associates, came to his relief. Afterwards it was discovered that the Baron deBourlac was none other than the terrible magistrate who had pronouncedjudgment on this noble woman and her daughter during the trial of theChauffeurs of Mortagne in 1809. Nevertheless, the aiding of the familywas not abated in the least. Vanda was cured, thanks to a foreignphysician, Halpersohn, procured by Godefroid. M. De Bourlac wasenabled to publish his great work on the "Spirit of Modern Law. " AtSorbonne a chair of comparative legislation was created for him. Atlast he obtained forgiveness from Mme. De la Chanterie, at whose feethe flung himself. [The Seamy Side of History. ] In 1817 the Baron deBourlac, then procureur-general, and superior of Soudry the younger, royal procureur, helped, with the assistance also of the latter, tosecure for Sibilet the position of estate-keeper to the General deMontcornet at Aigues. [The Peasantry. ]

BOURNIER, natural son of Gaubertin and of Mme. Socquard, the wife ofthe cafe manager of Soulanges. His existence was unknown to Mme. Gaubertin. He was sent to Paris where, under Leclercq, he learned theprinter's trade and finally became a foreman. Gaubertin then broughthim to Ville-aux-Fayes where he established a printing office and apaper known as "Le Courrier de l'Avonne", entirely devoted to theinterests of the triumvirate, Rigou, Gaubertin and Soudry. [ThePeasantry. ]

BOSQUIER (Du), or Croisier (Du), or Bourguier (Du), a descendant of anold Alencon family. Born about 1760. He had been commissary agent inthe army from 1793 to 1799; had done business with Ouvrard, and kept arunning account with Barras, Bernadotte and Fouche. He was at thattime one of the great folk of finance. Discharged by Bonaparte in1800, he withdrew to his natal town. After selling the Beauseanthouse, which he owned, for the benefit of his creditors, he hadremaining an income of not more than twelve hundred francs. About 1816he married Mlle. Cormon, a spinster who had been courted also by theChevalier de Valois and Athanase Granson. This marriage set him on hisfeet again financially. He took the lead in the party of theopposition, established a Liberal paper called "Le Courrier del'Orne, " and was elected Receiver-General of the Exchequer, after theRevolution of 1830. He waged bitter war on the white flag Royalists, his hatred of them causing him secretly to condone the excesses ofVicturnien d'Esgrignon, until the latter involved him in an affair, when Bousquier had him arrested, thinking thus to dispose of himsummarily. The affair was smoothed over only by tremendous pressure. But the young nobleman provoked Du Bousquier into a duel where thelatter dangerously wounded him. Afterwards Bousquier gave him inmarriage the hand of his niece, Mlle. Duval, dowered with threemillions. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] Probably he was the fatherof Flavie Minoret, the daughter of a celebrated Opera danseuse. But henever acknowledged this child, and she was dowered by PrincesseGalathionne and married Colleville. [The Middle Classes. ]

BOSQUIER (Madame du), born Cormon (Rose-Marie-Victoire) in 1773. Shewas a very wealthy heiress, living with her maternal uncle, the Abbede Sponde, in an old house of Alencon (rue du Val-Noble), andreceiving, in 1816, the aristocracy of the town, with which she wasrelated through marriage. Courted simultaneously by Athanase Granson, the Chevalier de Valois and Du Bousquier, she gave her hand to the oldcommissariat, whose athletic figure and _passe_ libertinism hadimpressed her vaguely. But her secret desires were utterly dashed byhim; she confessed later that she couldn't endure the idea of dying amaid. Mme. Du Bousquier was very devout. She was descended from thestewards of the ancient Ducs d'Alencon. In this same year of 1816, shehoped in vain to wed a Troisville, but he was already married. Shefound it difficult to brook the state of hostility declared between M. Du Bousquier and the Esgrignons. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

BOUTIN, at one time sergeant in the cavalry regiment of which Chabertwas colonel. He lived at Stuttgart in 1814, exhibiting white bearsvery well trained by him. In this city he encountered his formerranking officer, shorn of all his possessions, and just emerging froman insane asylum. Boutin aided him as best he could and took it uponhimself to go to Paris and inform Mme. Chabert of her husband'swhereabouts. But Boutin fell on the field of Waterloo, and couldhardly have accomplished his mission. [Colonel Chabert. ]

BOUVARD (Doctor), physician of Paris, born about 1758. A friend of Dr. Minoret, with whom he had some lively tilts about Mesmer. He hadadopted that system, while Minoret gainsaid the truth thereof. Thesediscussions ended in an estrangement, for some time, between the twocronies. Finally, in 1829, Bouvard wrote Minoret asking him to come toParis to assist in some conclusive tests of magnetism. As a result ofthese tests, Dr. Minoret, materialist and atheist that he was, becamea devout Spiritualist and Catholic. In 1829 Dr. Bouvard lived on rueFerou. [Ursule Mirouet. ] He had been as a father to Dr. Lebrun, physician of the Conciergerie in 1830, who, according to his ownavowal, owed to him his position, since he often drew from his masterhis own ideas regarding nervous energy. [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

BOUYONNET, a lawyer at Mantes, under Louis Philippe, who, urged by hisconfreres and stimulated by the public prosecutor, "showed up"Fraisier, another lawyer in the town, who had been retained in a suitfor both parties at once. The result of this denunciation was to makeFraisier sell his office and leave Mantes. [Cousin Pons. ]

BRAMBOURG (Comte de), title of Philippe Bridau to which his brotherJoseph succeeded. [A Bachelor's Establishment. The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

BRANDON (Lady Marie-Augusta), mother of Louis and Marie Gaston, children born out of wedlock. Together with the Vicomtesse deBeauseant she assisted, in company with Colonel Franchessini, probablyher lover, at the famous ball on the morning following which the dupedmistress of D'Ajuda-Pinto secretly left Paris. [The Member for Arcis. ]In 1820, while living with her two children in seclusion at LaGrenadiere, in the neighborhood of Tours, she saw Felix de Vandenesse, at the time when Mme. De Mortsauf died, and charged him with apressing message to Lady Arabelle Dudley. [The Lily of the Valley. ]She died, aged thirty-six, during the Restoration, in the house at LaGrenadiere, and was buried in the Saint-Cyr Cemetery. Her husband, Lord Brandon, who had abandoned her, lived in London, Brandon Square, Hyde Park, at this time. In Touraine Lady Brandon was known only bythe assumed name of Mme. Willemsens. [La Grenadiere. ]

BRASCHON, upholsterer and cabinet-maker in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, famous under the Restoration. He did a considerable amount of work forCesar Birotteau and figured among the creditors in his bankruptcy. [Cesar Birotteau. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BRAULARD, born in 1782. The head _claquer_ at the theatre of thePanorama-Dramatique, and then at the Gymnase, about 1822. The lover ofMlle. Millot. At this time he lived in rue Faubourg du Temple, in arather comfortable flat where he gave fine dinners to actresses, managing editors and authors--among others, Adele Dupuis, Finot, Ducange and Frederic du Petit-Mere. He was credited with having gainedan income of twenty thousand francs by discounting authors' and othercomplimentary tickets. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] Whenchief _claquer_, about 1843, he had in his following Chardin, aliasIdamore [Cousin Betty], and commanded his "Romans" at the Boulevardtheatre, which presented operas, spectaculars and ballets at popularprices, and was run by Felix Gaudissart. [Cousin Pons. ]

BRAZIER, this family included the following: A peasant of Vatan(Indre), the paternal uncle and guardian of Mlle. Flore Brazier, knownas "La Rabouilleuse. " In 1799 he placed her in the house of Dr. Rougeton very satisfactory conditions for himself, Brazier. Renderedcomparatively rich by the doctor, he died two years before the latter, in 1805, from a fall received on leaving an inn where he spent histime after becoming well-to-do. His wife, who was a very harsh aunt ofFlore's. Lastly the brother and brother-in-law of this girl'sguardians, the real father of "La Rabouilleuse, " who died in 1799, ademented widower, in the hospital of Bourges. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

BRAZIER (Flore). (See Bridau, Madame Philippe. )

BREAUTEY (Comtesse de), a venerable woman of Provins, who maintainedthe only aristocratic salon in that city, in 1827-1828. [Pierrette. ]

BREBIAN (Alexandre de), member of the Angouleme aristocracy in 1821. He frequented the Bargeton receptions. An artist like his friendBartas, he also was daft over drawing and would ruin every album inthe department with his grotesque productions. He posed as Mme. DeBartas' lover, since Bartas paid court to Mme. De Brebian. [LostIllusions. ]

BREBIAN (Charlotte de), wife of the preceding. Currently called"Lolotte. " [Lost Illusions. ]

BREINTMAYER, a banking house of Strasbourg, entrusted by Michu in 1803with the transmission of funds to the De Simeuses, young officers ofthe army of Conde. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

BREZACS (The), Auvergnats, dealers in general merchandise and thefurnishings of chateaux during the Revolution, the Empire and theRestoration. They had business dealings with Pierre Graslin, Jean-Baptiste Sauviat and Martin Falleix. [The Country Parson. TheGovernment Clerks. ]

BRIDAU, father of Philippe and Joseph Bridau; one of the secretariesof Roland, Minister of the Interior in 1792, and the right arm ofsucceeding ministers. He was attached fanatically to Napoleon, whocould appreciate him, and who made him chief of division in 1804. Hedied in 1808, at the moment when he had been promised the offices ofdirector general and councillor of state with the title of comte. Hefirst met Agathe Rouget, whom he made his wife, at the home of thegrocer Descoings, the man whom he tried to save from the scaffold. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

BRIDAU (Agathe Rouget, Madame), wife of the preceding; born in 1773. Legal daughter of Dr. Rouget of Issoudun, but possibly the naturaldaughter of Sub-delegate Lousteau. The doctor did not waste anyaffection upon her, and lost no time in sending her to Paris, whereshe was reared by her uncle, the grocer Descoings. She died at theclose of 1828. Of her two sons, Philippe and Joseph, Mme. Bridaualways preferred the elder, though he caused her nothing but grief. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

BRIDAU (Philippe), elder son of Bridau and Agathe Rouget. Born in1796. Placed in the Saint-Cyr school in 1813, he remained but sixmonths, leaving it to become under-lieutenant of the cavalry. Onaccount of a skirmish of the advance guard he was made fulllieutenant, during the French campaign, then captain after the battleof La Fere-Champenoise, where Napoleon made him artillery officer. Hewas decorated at Montereau. After witnessing the farewell atFontainebleu, he came back to his mother in July, 1814, being thenhardly nineteen. He did not wish to serve the Bourbons. In March, 1815, Philippe Bridau rejoined the Emperor at Lyons, accompanying himto the Tuileries. He was promised a captaincy in a squadron ofdragoons of the Guard, and made officer of the Legion of Honor atWaterloo. Reduced to half-pay, during the Restoration, he neverthelesspreserved his rank and officer's cross. He rejoined General Lallemandin Texas, returning from America in October, 1819, thoroughlydegenerated. He ran an opposition newspaper in Paris in 1820-1821. Heled a most dissolute life; was the lover of Mariette Godeschal; andattended all the parties of Tullia, Florentine, Florine, Coralie, Matifat and Camusot. Not content with using the income of his brotherJoseph, he stole a coffer entrusted to him, and despoiled of her lastsavings Mme. Descoings, who died of grief. Involved in a military plotin 1822, he was sent to Issoudun, under the surveillance of thepolice. There he created a disturbance in the "bachelor'sestablishment" of his uncle, Jean-Jacques Rouget; killed in a duelMaxence Gilet, the lover of Flore Brazier; brought about the girl'smarriage with his uncle; and married her himself when she became awidow in 1824. When Charles X. Succeeded to the throne, PhilippeBridau re-entered the army as lieutenant-colonel of the Duc deMaufrigneuse's regiment. In 1827 he passed with this grade into aregiment of cavalry of the Royal Guard, and was made Comte deBrambourg from the name of an estate which he had purchased. He waspromised further the office of commander in the Legion of Honor, aswell as in the Order of Saint-Louis. After having consciously causedthe death of his wife, Flore Brazier, he tried to marry Amelie deSoulanges, who belonged to a great family. But his manoeuvres werefrustrated by Bixiou. The Revolution of 1830 resulted in the loss toPhilippe Bridau of a portion of the fortune which he had obtained fromhis uncle by his marriage. Once more he entered military service, under the July Government, which made him a colonel. In 1839 he fellin an engagement with the Arabs in Africa. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

BRIDAU (Joseph), painter; younger brother of Philippe Bridau; born in1799. He studied with Gros, and made his first exhibit at the Salon of1823. He received great stimulus from his fellow-members of the"Cenacle, " in rue Quatre-Vents, also from his master, from Gerard andfrom Mlle. Des Touches. Moreover he was a hard-worker and an artist ofgenius. He was decorated in 1827, and about 1839, through the interestof the Comte de Serizy, for whose home he had formerly done some work, he married the only daughter of a retired farmer, now a millionaire. On the death of his brother Philippe, he inherited his house in rue deBerlin, his estate of Brambourg, and his title of comte. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Start in Life. ]Joseph Bridau made some vignettes for the works of Canalis. [ModesteMignon. ] He was intimate with Hippolyte Schinner, whom he had known atGros' studio. [The Purse. ] Shortly after 1830, he was present at an"at home" at Mlle. Des Touches, when Henri de Marsay told about hisfirst love affair. [Another Study of Woman. ] In 1832 he rushed in tosee Pierre Grassou, borrowed five hundred francs of him, and told himto "cater to his talent" and even to plunge into literature since hewas nothing more than a poor painter. At this same time, Joseph Bridaupainted the dining-hall in the D'Arthez chateau. [Pierre Grassou. ] Hewas a friend of Marie Gaston, and was attendant at his marriage withLouise de Chaulieu, widow of Macumer, in 1833. [Letters of TwoBrides. ] He also assisted at the wedding of Steinbock with HortenseHulot, and in 1838, at the instigation of Stidmann, clubbed in withLeon de Lora to raise four thousand francs for the Pole, who wasimprisoned for debt. He had made the portrait of Josepha Mirah. [Cousin Betty. ] In 1839, at Mme. Montcornet's, Joseph Bridau praisedthe talent and character displayed by Dorlange, the sculptor. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

BRIDAU (Flore Brazier, Madame Philippe), born in 1787 at Vatan Indre, known as "La Rabouilleuse, " on account of her uncle having put her towork, when a child, at stirring up (to "rabouiller") the streamlets, so that he might find crayfishes. She was noticed on account of hergreat beauty by Dr. Rouget of Issoudun, and taken to his home in 1799. Jean-Jacques Rouget, the doctor's son become much enamored of her, butobtained favor only through his money. On her part she was smittenwith Maxence Gilet, whom she entertained in the house of the oldbachelor at the latter's expense. But everything was changed by thearrival of Philippe Bridau at Issoudun. Gilet was killed in a duel, and Rouget married La Rabouilleuse in 1823. Left a widow soon after, she married the soldier. She died in Paris in 1828, abandoned by herhusband, in the greatest distress, a prey to innumerable terriblecomplaints, the products of the dissolute life into which PhilippeBridau had designedly thrown her. She dwelt then on rue du Houssay, onthe fifth floor. She left here for the Dubois Hospital in FaubourgSaint-Denis. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

BRIDAU (Madame Joseph), only daughter of Leger, an old farmer, afterwards a multi-millionaire at Beaumont-sur-Oise; married to thepainter Joseph Bridau about 1839. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

BRIGAUT (Major), of Pen-Hoel, Vendee; retired major of the CatholicArmy which contested with the French Republic. A man of iron, butdevout and entirely unselfish. He had served under Charette, Mercier, the Baron du Guenic and the Marquis de Montauran. He died in 1819, sixmonths after Mme. Lorrain, the widow of a major in the Imperial Army, whom he was said to have consoled on the loss of her husband. MajorBrigaut had received twenty-seven wounds. [Pierrette. The Chouans. ]

BRIGAUT (Jacques), son of Major Brigaut; born about 1811. Childhoodcompanion of Pierrette Lorrain, whom he loved in innocent fashionsimilar to that of Paul and Virginia, and whose love was reciprocatedin the same way. When Pierrette was sent to Provins, to the home ofthe Rogrons, her relatives, Jacques also went to this town and workedat the carpenter's trade. He was present at the death-bed of the younggirl and immediately thereafter enlisted as a soldier; he became headof a battalion, after having several times sought death vainly. [Pierrette. ]

BRIGITTE. (See Cottin, Madame. )

BRIGITTE, servant of Chesnel from 1795 on. In 1824 she was still withhim in rue du Bercail, Alencon, at the time of the pranks of the youngD'Esgrignon. Brigette humored the gormandizing of her master, the onlyweakness of the goodman. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

BRIGNOLET, clerk with lawyer Bordin in 1806. [A Start in Life. ]

BRISETOUT (Heloise), mistress of Celestin Crevel in 1838, at the timewhen he was elected mayor. She succeeded Josepha Mirah, in a littlehouse on rue Chauchat, after having lived on rue Notre-Dame-deLorette. [Cousin Betty. ] In 1844-1845 she was _premiere danseuse_ inthe Theatre du Boulevard, when she was claimed by both Bixiou andGaudissart, her manager. She was a very literary young woman, muchspoken of in Bohemian circles for elegance and graciousness. She knewall the great artists, and favored her kinsman, the musicianGarangeot. [Cousin Pons. ] Towards the end of the reign of LouisPhilippe, she had Isidore Baudoyer for a "protector"; he was thenmayor of the arrondissement of Paris, which included the PalaisRoyale. [The Middle Classes. ]

BRISSET, a celebrated physician of Paris, time of Louis Philippe. Amaterialist and successor to Bichat, and Cabanis. At the head of the"Organists, " opposed to Cameristus head of the "Vitalists. " He wascalled in consultation regarding Raphael de Valentin, whose conditionwas serious. [The Magic Skin. ]

BROCHON, a half-pay soldier who, in 1822, tended the horses and didchores for Moreau, manager of Presles, the estate of the Comte deSerizy. [A Start in Life. ]

BROSSARD (Madame), widow received at Mme. De Bargeton's at Angoulemein 1821. Poor but well-born, she sought to marry her daughter, and inthe end, despite her precise dignity and "sour-sweetness, " she gotalong fairly well with the other sex. [Lost Illusions. ]

BROSSARD (Camille du), daughter of the preceding. Born in 1794. Fleshyand imposing. Posed as a good pianist. Not yet married at twenty-seven. [Lost Illusions. ]

BROSSETTE (Abbe), born about 1790; cure of Blangy, Burgundy, in 1823, at the time when General de Montcornet was struggling with thepeasantry. The abbe himself was an object of their defiance andhatred. He was the fourth son of a good bourgeoisie family of Autun, afaithful prelate, an obstinate Royalist and a man of intelligence. [The Peasantry. ] In 1840 he became a cure at Paris, in the faubourgSaint-Germain, and at the request of Mme. De Grandlieu, he interestedhimself in removing Calyste du Guenic from the clutches of Mme. DeRochefide and restoring him to his wife. [Beatrix. ]

BROUET (Joseph), a Chouan who died of wounds received in the fight ofLa Pelerine or at the siege of Fougeres, in 1799. [The Chouans. ]

BROUSSON (Doctor), attended the banker Jean-Frederic Taillefer, ashort time before the financier's death. [The Red Inn. ]

BRUCE (Gabriel), alias Gros-Jean, one of the fiercest Chouans of theFontaine division. Implicated in the affair of the "Chauffeurs ofMortagne" in 1809. Condemned to death for contumacy. [The Seamy Sideof History. ]

BRUEL (Du), chief of division to the Ministers of the Interior, underthe Empire. A friend of Bridau senior, retired on the advent ofRestoration. He was on very friendly terms with the widow Bridau, coming each evening for a game of cards at her house, on rue Mazarine, with his old-time colleagues, Claparon and Desroches. These three oldemployes were called the "Three Sages of Greece" by Mmes. Bridau andDescoings. M. Du Bruel was descended of a contractor ennobled at theend of the reign of Louis XIV. He died about 1821. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

BRUEL (Madame du), wife of the preceding. She survived him. She wasthe mother of the dramatic author Jean-Francois du Bruel, christenedCursy on the Parisian bill-boards. Although a bourgeoisie of strictideas, Mme. Du Bruel welcomed the dancer Tullia, who became herdaughter-in-law. [A Prince of Bohemia. ]

BRUEL (Jean-Francois du), son of the preceding; born about 1797. In1816 he obtained a place under the Minister of Finance, thanks to thefavor of the Duc de Navarreins. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ] He wassub-chief of Rabourdin's office when the latter, in 1824, contestedwith M. Baudoyer for a place of division chief. [The GovernmentClerks. ] In November, 1825, Jean-Francois du Bruel assisted at abreakfast given at the "Rocher de Cancale" to the clerks of Desroches'office by Frederic Marest who was treating to celebrate his incoming. He was present also at the orgy which followed at Florentine's home. [A Start in Life. ] M. Du Bruel successively rose to be chief ofbureau, director, councillor of state, deputy, peer of France andcommander of the Legion of Honor; he received the title of count andentered one of the classes in the Institute. All this was accomplishedthrough his wife, Claudine Chaffaroux, formerly the dancer, Tullia, whom he married in 1829. [A Prince of Bohemia. The Middle Classes. ]For a long time he wrote vaudeville sketches over the name of Cursy. Nathan, the poet, found it necessary to unite with him. Du Bruel wouldmake use of the author's ideas, condensing them into small, sprightlyskits which always scored successes for the actors. Du Bruel andNathan discovered the actress Florine. They were the authors of"L'Alcade dans l'embarras, " an imbroglio in three acts, played at theTheatre du Panorama-Dramatique about 1822, when Florine made herdebut, playing with Coralie and Bouffe, the latter under the name ofVignol. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Daughter of Eve. ]

BRUEL (Claudine Chaffaroux, Madame du), born at Nanterre in 1799. Oneof the _premiere danseuses_ of the Opera from 1817 to 1827. Forseveral years she was the mistress of the Duc de Rhetore [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ], and afterwards of Jean-Francois du Bruel, who wasmuch in love with her in 1823, and married her in 1829. She had thenleft the stage. About 1834 she met Charles Edouard de la Palferine andformed a violent attachment for him. In order to please him and posein his eyes as a great lady, she urged her husband to the constantpursuit of honors, and finally achieved the title of countess. Nevertheless she continued to play the lady of propriety and foundentrance into bourgeoisie society. [A Prince of Bhoemia. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. Letters of Two Brides. ] In 1840, toplease Mme. Colleville, her friend, she tried to obtain a decorationfor Thuillier. [The Middle Classes. ] Mme. Du Bruel bore the name ofTullia on the stage and in the "gallant" circle. She lived then in rueChauchat, in a house afterwards occupied by Mmes. Mirah and Brisetout, when Claudine moved after her marriage to rue de la Victoire. 

BRUNET, bailiff at Blagny, Burgundy, in 1823. He was also councillorof the Canton during the Terror, having for practitioners Michel Vertalias Vermichel and Fourchon the elder. [The Peasantry. ]

BRUNNER (Gedeon), father of Frederic Brunner. At the time of theFrench Restoration and of Louis Philippe he owned the great HollandHouse at Frankford-on-the-Main. One of the early railway projectors. He died about 1844, leaving four millions. Calvinist. Twice married. [Cousin Pons. ]

BRUNNER (Madame), first wife of Gedeon Brunner, and mother of FredericBrunner. A relative of the Virlaz family, well-to-do Jewish furriersof Leipsic. A converted Jew. Her dowry was the basis of her husband'sfortune. She died young, leaving a son aged but twelve. [Cousin Pons. ]

BRUNNER (Madame), second wife of Gedeon Brunner. The only daughter ofa German inn-keeper. She had been very badly spoiled by her parents. Sterile, dissipated and prodigal, she made her husband very unhappy, thus avenging the first Mme. Brunner. She was a step-mother of themost abominable sort, launching her stepson into an unbridled life, hoping that debauchery would devour both the child and the Jewishfortune. After ten years of wedded life she died before her parents, having made great inroads upon Gedeon Brunner's property. [CousinPons. ]

BRUNNER (Frederic), only son of Gedeon Brunner, born within the firstfour years of the century. He ran through his maternal inheritance bysilly dissipations, and then helped his friend Wilhelm Schwab to makeaway with the hundred thousand francs his parents had left him. Without resources and cast adrift by his father he went to Paris in1835, where, upon the recommendation of Graff, the inn-keeper, heobtained a position with Keller at six hundred francs per annum. In1843 he was only two thousand francs ahead; but Gedeon Brunner havingdied, he became a multi-millionaire. Then for friendship's sake hefounded, with his chum Wilhelm, the banking house of "Brunner, Schwab& Co. , " on rue Richelieu, between rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs and rueVilledo, in a magnificent building belonging to the tailor, WolfgangGraff. Frederic Brunner had been presented by Sylvain Pons to theCamusots de Marville; he would have married their daughter had she notbeen the only child. The breaking off of this match involved also, therelations of Pons with the De Marville family and resulted in thedeath of the musician. [Cousin Pons. ]

BRUNO, _valet de chambre_ of Corentin at Passy, on rue des Vignes, in1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] About 1840 he was again in theservice of Corentin, who was now known as M. Du Portail and lived onrue Honore-Chevalier, at Paris. [The Middle Classes. ] This name issometimes spelled Bruneau. 

BRUTUS, proprietor of the Hotel des Trois-Maures in the Grand-Rue, Alencon, in 1799, where Alphonse de Montauran met Mlle. De Verneuilfor the first time. [The Chouans. ]

BUNEAUD (Madame), ran a bourgeoisie boarding-house in opposition toMme. Vauquer on the heights of Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, in 1819. [Father Goriot. ]

BUTIFER, noted hunter, poacher and smuggler, living in the villagehard by Grenoble, where Dr. Benassis located, during the Restoration. When the doctor arrived in the country, Butifer drew a bead on him, ina corner of the forest. Later, however, he became entirely devoted tohim. He was charged by Genestas with the physical education of thisofficer's adopted son. It may be that Butifer enlisted in Genestas'regiment, after the death of Dr. Benassis. [The Country Doctor. ]

BUTSCHA (Jean), head-clerk of Maitre Latournelle, a notary at Havre in1829. Born about 1804. The natural son of a Swedish sailor and aDemoiselle Jacmin of Honfleur. A hunchback. A type of intelligence anddevotion. Entirely subservient to Modeste Mignon, whom he lovedwithout hope; he aided, by many adroit methods, to bring about hermarriage with Ernest de la Briere. Butscha decided that this unionwould make the young lady happy. [Modeste Mignon. ]

 C

CABIROLLE, in charge of the stages of Minoret-Levrault, postmaster ofNemours. Probably a widower, with one son. About 1837, a sexagenarian, he married Antoinette Patris, called La Bougival, who was over fifty, but whose income amounted to twelve hundred francs. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

CABIROLLE, son of the preceding. In 1830 he was Dr. Minoret's coachmanat Nemours. Later he was coachman for Savinien de Portenduere, afterthe vicomte's marriage with Ursule Mirouet. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

CABIROLLE (Madame), wife of Cabirolle senior. Born Antoinette Patrisin 1786, of a poor family of La Bresse. Widow of a workman namedPierre alias Bougival; she was usually designated by the latter name. After having been Ursule Mirouet's nurse, she became Dr. Minoret'sservant, marrying Cabirolle about 1837. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

CABIROLLE (Madame), mother of Florentine, the _danseuse_. Formerlyjanitress on rue Pastourelle, but living in 1820 with her daughter onrue de Crussol in a modest affluence assured by Cardot the oldsilk-dealer, since 1817. According to Girondeau, she was a woman ofsense. [A Start in Life. A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

CABIROLLE (Agathe-Florentine), known as Florentine; born in 1804. In1817, upon leaving Coulon's class, she was discovered by Cardot, theold silk-merchant, and established by him with her mother in arelatively comfortable flat on rue de Crussol. After having beenfeatured at the Gaite theatre, in 1820, she danced for the first timein a spectacular drama entitled "The Ruins of Babylon. "* Immediatelyafterwards she succeeded Mariette as _premiere danseuse_ at thetheatre of the Porte-Saint-Martin. Then in 1823 she made her debut atthe Opera in a trio skit with Mariette and Tullia. At the time whenCardot "protected" her, she had for a lover the retired CaptainGirondeau, and was intimate with Philippe Bridau, to whom she gavemoney when in need. In 1825 Florentine occupied Coralie's old flat, now for some three years, and it was at this place that Oscar Hussonlost at play the money entrusted to him by his employer, Desroches theattorney, and was surprised by his uncle, Cardot. [A Start in Life. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

* By Renee-Charles Guilbert de Pixerecourt; played for the first time at Paris in 1810. 

CABOT (Armand-Hippolyte), a native of Toulouse who, in 1800, established a hair-dressing salon on the Place de la Bourse, Paris. Onthe advice of his customer, the poet Parny, he had taken the name ofMarius, a sobriquet which stuck to the establishment. In 1845 Cabothad earned an income of twenty-four thousand francs and lived atLibourne, while a fifth Marius, called Mougin, managed the businessfounded by him. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

CABOT (Marie-Anne), known as Lajeunesse, an old servant of MarquisCarol d'Esgrignon. Implicated in the affair of the "Chauffeurs ofMortagne" and executed in 1809. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CACHAN, attorney at Angouleme under the Restoration. He andPetit-Claud had similar business interests and the same clients. In1830 Cachan, now mayor of Marsac, had dealings with the Sechards. [Lost Illusions. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

CADENET, Parisian wine-merchant, in 1840, on the ground-floor of afurnished lodging-house, corner of rue des Postes and rue des Poules. Cerizet also dwelt there at that time. Cadenet, who was proprietor ofthe house, had something to do with the transactions of Cerizet, the"banker of the poor. " [The Middle Classes. ]

CADIGNAN (Prince de), a powerful lord of the former regime, father ofthe Duc de Maufrigneuse, father-in-law of the Duc de Navarreins. Ruined by the Revolution, he had regained his properties and income onthe accession of the Bourbons. But he was a spendthrift and devouredeverything. He also ruined his wife. He died at an advanced age sometime before the Revolution of July. [The Secrets of a Princess. ] Atthe end of 1829, the Prince de Cadignan, then Grand Huntsman toCharles X. , rode in a great chase where were also found, amid a veryaristocratic throng, the Duc d'Herouville, organizer of the jaunt, Canalis and Ernest de la Briere, all three of whom were suitors forthe hand of Modeste Mignon. [Modeste Mignon. ]

CADIGNAN (Prince and Princesse de), son and daughter-in-law of thepreceding. (See Maufrigneuse, Duc and Duchesse de. )

CADINE (Jenny), actress at the Gymnase theatre, times of Charles X. And Louis Philippe. The most frolicsome of women, the only rival ofDejazet. Born in 1814. Discovered, trained and "protected" fromthirteen years old on, by Baron Hulot. Intimate friend of JosephaMirah. [Cousin Betty. ] Between 1835 and 1840, while maintained byCouture, she lived on rue Blanche in a delightful little ground-floorflat with its own garden. Fabien du Ronceret and Mme. Schontzsucceeded her here. [Beatrix. ] In 1845 she was Massol's mistress andlived on rue de la Victoire. At this time, she apparently led astrayin short order Palafox Gazonal, who had been taken to her home byBixiou and Leon de Lora. [The Unconscious Humorists. ] About this timeshe was the victim of a jewelry theft. After the arrest of the thievesher property was returned by Saint-Esteve--Vautrin--who was then chiefof the special service. [The Member for Arcis. ]

CADOT (Mademoiselle), old servant-mistress of Judge Blondet atAlencon, during the Restoration. She pampered her master, and, likehim, preferred the elder of the magistrate's two sons. [Jealousies ofa Country Town. ]

CALVI (Theodore), alias Madeleine. Born in 1803. A Corsican condemnedto the galleys for life on account of eleven murders committed by thetime he was eighteen. A member of the same gang with Vautrin from 1819to 1820. Escaped with him. Having assassinated the widow Pigeau ofNanterre, in May, 1830, he was rearrested and this time sentenced todeath. The plotting of Vautrin, who bore for him an unnaturalaffection, saved his life; the sentence was commuted. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

CAMBON, lumber merchant, a deputy mayor to Benassis, in 1829, in acommunity near Grenoble, and a devoted assistant in the work ofregeneration undertaken by the doctor. [The Country Doctor. ]

CAMBREMER (Pierre), fisherman of Croisic on the Lower-Loire, time ofLouis Philippe, who, for the honor of a jeopardized name, had cast hisonly son into the sea and afterwards remained desolate and a widoweron a cliff near by, in expiation of his crime induced by paternaljustice. [A Seaside Tragedy. Beatrix. ]

CAMBREMER (Joseph), younger brother of Pierre Cambremer, father ofPierrette, called Perotte. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

CAMBREMER (Jacques), only son of Pierre Cambremer and JacquetteBrouin. Spoiled by his parents, his mother especially, he became arascal of the worst type. Jacques Cambremer evaded justice only byreason of the fact that his father gagged him and cast him into thesea. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

CAMBREMER (Madame), born Jacquette Brouin, wife of Pierre Cambremerand mother of Jacques. She was of Guerande; was educated; could write"like a clerk"; taught her son to read and this brought about hisruin. She was usually spoken of as the beautiful Brouin. She died afew days after Jacques. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

CAMBREMER (Pierrette), known as Perotte; daughter of Joseph Cambremer;niece of Pierre and his goddaughter. Every morning the sweet andcharming creature came to bring her uncle the bread and water uponwhich he subsisted. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

CAMERISTUS, celebrated physician of Paris under Louis Philippe; theBallanche of medicine and one of the defenders of the abstractdoctrines of Van Helmont; chief of the "Vitalists" opposed to Brissetwho headed the "Organists. " He as well as Brisset was called inconsultation regarding a very serious malady afflicting Raphael deValentin. [The Magic Skin. ]

CAMPS (Octave de), lover then husband of Mme. Firmiani. She made himrestore the entire fortune of a family named Bourgneuf, ruined in alawsuit by Octave's father, thus reducing him to the necessity ofmaking a living by teaching mathematics. He was only twenty-two yearsold when he met Mme. Firmiani. He married her first at Gretna Green. The marriage at Paris took place in 1824 or 1825. Before marriage, Octave de Camps lived on rue de l'Observance. He was a descendant ofthe famous Abbe de Camps, so well known among bookmen and savants. [Madame Firmiani. ] Octave de Camps reappears as an ironmaster, duringthe reign of Louis Philippe. At this time he rarely resided at Paris. [The Member for Arcis. ]

CAMPS (Madame Octave de), nee Cadignan; niece of the old Prince deCadignan; cousin of the Duc de Maufrigneuse. In 1813, at the age ofsixteen, she married M. Firmiani, receiver-general in the departmentof Montenotte. M. Firmiani died in Greece about 1822, and she becameMme. De Camps in 1824 or 1825. At this time she dwelt on rue du Bacand had entree into the home of Princesse de Blamont-Chauvry, theoracle of Faubourg Saint-Germain. An accomplished and excellent lady, loved even by her rivals, the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse, her cousin, Mme. De Macumer--Louise de Chaulieu--and the Marquise d'Espard. [Madame Firmiani. ] She welcomed and protected Mme. Xavier Rabourdin. [The Government Clerks. ] At the close of 1824 she gave a ball whereCharles de Vandenesse made the acquaintance of Mme. D'Aiglemont whoselover he became. [A Woman of Thirty. ] In 1834 Mme. Octave de Campstried to check the slanders going the rounds at the expense of Mme. Felix de Vandenesse, who had compromised herself somewhat on accountof the poet Nathan; and Mme. De Camps gave the young woman some goodadvice. [A Daughter of Eve. ] On another occasion she gave exceedinglygood counsel to Mme. De l'Estorade, who was afraid of being smittenwith Sallenauve. [The Member for Arcis. ] Mme. Firmiani, "that was, "shared her time between Paris and the furnaces of M. De Camps; but shegave the latter much the preference--at least so said one of herintimate friends, Mme. De l'Estorade. [The Member for Arcis. ]

CAMUSET, one of Bourignard's assumed names. 

CAMUSOT, silk-merchant, rue des Bourdonnais, Paris, under theRestoration. Born in 1765. Son-in-law and successor of Cardot, whoseeldest daughter he had married. At that time he was a widower, hisfirst wife being a Demoiselle Pons, sole heiress of the celebratedPons family, embroiderers to the Court during the Empire. About 1834Camusot retired from business, and became a member of theManufacturers' Council, deputy, peer of France and baron. He had fourchildren. In 1821-1822 he maintained Coralie, who became so violentlyenamored of Lucien de Rubempre. Although she abandoned him for Lucien, he promised the poet, after the actress' death, that he would purchasefor her a permanent plot in the cemetery of Pere-Lachaise. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. A Bachelor's Establishment. CousinPons. ] Later he was intimate with Fanny Beaupre for some time. [TheMuse of the Department. ] He and his wife were present at CesarBirotteau's big ball in December, 1818; he was also chosencommissary-judge of the perfumer's bankruptcy, instead ofGobenheim-Keller, who was first designated. [Cesar Birotteau. ] He haddealings with the Guillaumes, clothing merchants, rue Saint-Denis. [Atthe Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

CAMUSOT DE MARVILLE, son of Camusot the silk-merchant by his firstmarriage. Born about 1794. During Louis Philippe's reign he took thename of a Norman estate and green, Marville, in order to distinguishbetween himself and a half-brother. In 1824, then a judge at Alencon, he helped render an alibi decision in favor of Victurnien d'Esgrignon, who really was guilty. [Cousin Pons. Jealousies of a Country Town. ] Hewas judge at Paris in 1828, and was appointed to replace Popinot inthe court which was to render a decision concerning the appeal forinterdiction presented by Mme. D'Espard against her husband. [TheCommission in Lunacy. ] In May, 1830, in the capacity of judge ofinstruction, he prepared a report tending to the liberation of Luciende Rubempre, accused of assassinating Esther Gobseck. But the suicideof the poet rendered the proposed measure useless, besides upsetting, momentarily, the ambitious projects of the magistrate. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ] Camusot de Marville had been president of the Courtof Nantes. In 1844 he was president of the Royal Court of Paris andcommander of the Legion of Honor. At this time he lived in a house onrue de Hanovre, purchased by him in 1834, where he received themusician Pons, a cousin of his. The President de Marville was electeddeputy in 1846. [Cousin Pons. ]

CAMUSOT DE MARVILLE (Madame), born Thirion, Marie-Cecile-Amelie, in1798. Daughter of an usher of the Cabinet of Louis XVIII. Wife of themagistrate. In 1814 she frequented the studio of the painter Servin, who had a class for young ladies. This studio contained two factions;Mlle. Thirion headed the party of the nobility, though of ordinarybirth, and persecuted Ginevra di Piombo, of the Bonapartist party. [The Vendetta. ] In 1818 she was invited to accompany her father andmother to the famous ball of Cesar Birotteau. It was about the timeher marriage with Camusot de Marville was being considered. [CesarBirotteau. ] This wedding took place in 1819, and immediately theimperious young woman gained the upper hand with the judge, making himfollow her own will absolutely and in the interests of her boundlessambition. It was she who brought about the discharge of youngd'Esgrignon in 1824, and the suicide of Lucien de Rubempre in 1830. Through her, the Marquis d'Espard failed of interdiction. However, Mme. De Marville had no influence over her father-in-law, the seniorCamusot, whom she bored dreadfully and importuned excessively. Shecaused, also, by her evil treatment, the death of Sylvain Pons "thepoor relation, " inheriting with her husband his fine collection ofcurios. [Jealousies of a Country Town. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Cousin Pons. ]

CAMUSOT (Charles), son of the preceding couple. He died young, at atime when his parents had neither land nor title of Marville, and whenthey were in almost straitened circumstances. [Cousin Pons. ]

CAMUSOT DE MARVILLE (Cecile). (See Popinot, Vicomtesse. )

CANALIS (Constant-Cyr-Melchior, Baron de), poet--chief of the"Angelic" school--deputy minister, peer of France, member of theFrench Academy, commander of the Legion of Honor. Born at Canalis, Correze, in 1800. About 1821 he became the lover of Mme. De Chaulieu, who was constantly aiding him to high positions, but who, at the sametime, was always very exacting. Not long after, Canalis is seen at theopera in Mme. D'Espard's box, being presented to Lucien de Rubempre. From 1824 he was the fashionable poet. [Letters of Two Brides. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ] In 1829 he lived at number 29 rueParadis-Poissoniere (now simply rue Paradis) and was master ofrequests in the Council of State. This is the time when he was incorrespondence with Modeste Mignon and wished to espouse that richheiress. [Modeste Mignon. ] Shortly after 1830, now a great man, he waspresent at Mlle. Des Touches', when Henri de Marsay told of his firstlove affair. Canalis took part in the conversation and uttered a mostvigorous tirade against Napoleon. [The Magic Skin. Another Study ofWoman. ] In 1838 he married the daughter of Moreau (de l'Oise), whobrought him a very large dowry. [A Start in Life. ] In October, 1840, he and Mme. De Rochefide were present at a performance at the Varietestheatre, where that dangerous woman was encountered again after alapse of three years by Calyste du Guenic. [Beatrix. ] In 1845 Canaliswas pointed out in the Chamber of Deputies by Leon de Lora to PalafoxGazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ] In 1845, he consented to act assecond to Sallenauve in his duel with Maxime de Trailles. [The Memberfor Arcis. ]

CANALIS (Baronne Melchior de), wife of the preceding and daughter ofM. And Mme. Moreau (de l'Oise). About the middle of the reign of LouisPhilippe, she being then recently married, she made a journey toSeine-et-Oise. She went first to Beaumont and Presles. Mme. De Canaliswith her daughter and the Academician, occupied Pierrotin'sstage-coach. [A Start in Life. ]

CANE (Marco-Facino), known as Pere Canet, a blind old man, an inmateof the Hospital des Quinze-Vingts, who during the Restoration followedthe vocation of musician, at Paris. He played the clarionet at a ballof the working-people of rue de Charenton, on the occasion of thewedding of Mme. Vaillant's sister. He said he was a Venetian, Princede Varese, a descendant of the _condottiere_ Facino Cane, whoseconquests fell into the hands of the Duke of Milan. He told strangestories regarding his patrician youth. He died in 1820, more than anoctogenarian. He was the last of the Canes on the senior branch, andhe transmitted the title of Prince de Varese to a relative, EmilioMemmi. [Facino Cane. Massimilla Doni. ]

CANTE-CROIX (Marquis de), under-lieutenant in one of the regimentswhich tarried at Angouleme from November, 1807, to March, 1808, whileon its way to Spain. He was a Colonel at Wagram on July 6, 1809, although only twenty-six years old, when a shot crushed over his heartthe picture of Mme. De Bargeton, whom he loved. [Lost Illusions. ]

CANTINET, an old glass-dealer, and beadle of Saint-Francois church, Marais, Paris, in 1845; dwelt on rue d'Orleans. A drunken idler. [Cousin Pons. ]

CANTINET (Madame), wife of preceding; renter of seats inSaint-Francois. Last nurse of Sylvain Pons, and a tool to theinterests of Fraisier and Poulain. [Cousin Pons. ]

CANTINET, Junior, would have been made beadle of Saint-Francois, wherehis father and mother were employed, but he preferred the theatre. Hewas connected with the Cirque-Olympique in 1845. He caused his mothersorrow, by a dissolute life and by forcible inroads on the maternalpurse. [Cousin Pons. ]

CAPRAJA, a noble Venetian, a recognized dilettante, living only by andthrough music. Nicknamed "Il Fanatico. " Known by the Duke and DuchessCataneo and their friends. [Massimilla Doni. ]

CARABINE, assumed name of Seraphine Sinet, which name see. 

CARBONNEAU, physician whom the Comte de Mortsauf spoke of consultingabout his wife, in 1820, instead of Dr. Origet, whom he fancied to beunsatisfactory. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

CARCADO (Madame de), founder of a Parisian benevolent society, forwhich Mme. De la Baudraye was appointed collector, in March, 1843, onthe request of some priests, friends of Mme. Piedefer. This choiceresulted, noteworthily, in the re-entrance into society of the "muse, "who had been beguiled and compromised by her relations with Lousteau. [The Muse of the Department. ]

CARDANET (Madame de), grandmother of Mme. De Senonches. [LostIllusions. ]

CARDINAL (Madame), Parisian fish-vender, daughter of one Toupillier, acarrier. Widow of a well-known marketman. Niece of Toupillier thepauper of Saint-Sulpice, from whom in 1840, with Cerizet's assistance, she tried to capture the hidden treasure. This woman had threesisters, four brothers, and three uncles, who would have shared withher the pauper's bequest. The scheming of Mme. Cardinal and Cerizetwas frustrated by M. Du Portail--Corentin. [The Middle Classes. ]

CARDINAL (Olympe). (See Cerizet, Madame. )

CARDOT (Jean-Jerome-Severin), born in 1755. Head-clerk in an oldsilk-house, the "Golden Cocoon, " rue des Bourdonnais. He bought theestablishment in 1793, at the "maximum" moment, and in ten years hadmade a large fortune, thanks to the dowry of one hundred thousandfrancs brought him by his wife; she was a Demoiselle Husson, and gavehim four children. Of these, the elder daughter married Camusot, whosucceeded his father-in-law; the second, Marianne, married Protez, ofthe firm of Protez & Chiffreville; the elder son became a notary; theyounger son, Joseph, took an interest in Matifat's drug business. Cardot was the "protector" of the actress, Florentine, whom hediscovered and started. In 1822 he lived at Belleville in one of thefirst houses above Courtille; he had then been a widower for sixyears. He was an uncle of Oscar Husson, and had taken some interest inand helped the dolt, until an incident occurred that changedeverything: the old man discovered the young fellow asleep onemorning, on one of Florentine's divans, after an orgy wherein he hadsquandered the money entrusted to him by his employer, Desroches theattorney. [A Start in Life. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincialat Paris. A Bachelor's Establishment. ] Cardot had dealings with theGuillaumes, clothiers, rue Saint-Denis. [At the Sign of the Cat andRacket. ] He and his entire family were invited to the great ball givenby Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

CARDOT, elder son of the preceding. Parisian notary, successor ofSorbier. Born in 1794. Married to a Demoiselle Chiffreville, of afamily of celebrated chemists. Three children were born to them: a sonwho in 1836 was fourth clerk in his father's business, and should havesucceeded him, but dreamed instead of literary fame; Felicie, whomarried Berthier; and another daughter, born in 1824. The notaryCardot maintained Malaga, during the reign of Louis Philippe. [TheMuse of the Department. A Man of Business. Jealousies of a CountryTown. ] He was attorney for Pierre Grassou, who deposited his savingswith him every quarter. [Pierre Grassou. ] He was also notary to theThuilliers, and, in 1840, had presented in their drawing-rooms, on rueSaint-Dominique d'Enfer, Godeschal an aspirant for the hand of CelesteColleville. After living on Place du Chatelet, Cardot become one ofthe tenants of the house purchased by the Thuilliers, near theMadeleine. [The Middle Classes. ] In 1844 he was mayor and deputy ofParis. [Cousin Pons. ]

CARDOT (Madame) nee Chiffreville, wife of Cardot the notary. Verydevoted, but a "wooden" woman, a "veritable penitential brush. " About1840 she lived on Place du Chatelet, Paris, with her husband. At thistime, the notary's wife took her daughter Felicie to rue des Martyrs, to the home of Etienne Lousteau, whom she had planned to have for ason-in-law, but whom she finally threw over on account of thejournalist's dissipated ways. [The Muse of the Department. ]

CARDOT (Felicie or Felicite). (See Berthier, Madame. )

CARIGLIANO (Marechal, Duc de), one of the illustrious soldiers of theEmpire; husband of a Demoiselle Malin de Gondreville, whom heworshipped, obeyed and stood in awe of, but who deceived him. [At theSign of the Cat and Racket. ] In 1819, Marechal de Carigliano gave aball where Eugene de Rastignac was presented by his cousin, theVicomtesse de Beauseant, at the time he entered the world of fashion. [Father Goriot. ] During the Restoration he owned a beautiful housenear the Elysee-Bourbon, which he sold to M. De Lanty. [Sarrasine. ]

CARIGLIANO (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, daughter of SenatorMalin de Gondreville. At the end of the Empire, when thirty-six yearsof age, she was the mistress of the young Colonel d'Aiglemont, and ofSommervieux, the painter, almost at the same time; the latter hadrecently wedded Augustine Guillaume. The Duchesse de Cariglianoreceived a visit from Mme. De Sommervieux, and gave her very ingeniousadvice concerning the method of conquering her husband, and bindinghim forever to her by her coquetry. [At the Sign of the Cat andRacket. ] In 1821-1822 she had an opera-box near Mme. D'Espard. Sixtedu Chatelet came to her to make his acknowledgments on the eveningwhen Lucien de Rubempre, a newcomer in Paris, cut such a sorry figureat the theatre in company with Mme. De Bargeton. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ] It was the Duchesse de Carigliano who, after agreat effort, found a wife suited to General de Montcornet, in theperson of Mlle. De Troisville. [The Peasantry. ] Mme. De Carigliano, although a Napoleonic duchesse, was none the less devoted to the Houseof the Bourbons, being attached especially to the Duchesse de Berry. Becoming imbued also with a high degree of piety, she visited nearlyevery year a retreat of the Ursulines of Arcis-sur-Aube. In 1839Sallenauve's friends counted on the duchesse's support to elect himdeputy. [The Member for Arcis. ]

CARMAGNOLA (Giambattista), an old Venetian gondolier, entirely devotedto Emilio Memmi, in 1820. [Massimilla Doni. ]

CARNOT (Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite), born at Nolay--Cote-d'Or--in 1753;died in 1823. In June, 1800, while Minister of War, he was present incompany with Talleyrand, Fouche and Sieyes, at a council held at thehome of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, rue du Bac, when theoverthrow of First Consul Bonaparte was discussed. [The GondrevilleMystery. ]

CAROLINE (Mademoiselle), governess, during the Empire, of the fourchildren of M. And Mme. De Vandenesse. "She was a terror. " [The Lilyof the Valley. ]

CAROLINE, chambermaid of the Marquis de Listomere, in 1827-1828, onrue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, Paris, when the marquis received aletter from Eugene de Rastignac intended for Delphine de Nucingen. [AStudy of Woman. ]

CAROLINE, servant of the Thuilliers in 1840. [The Middle Classes. ]

CARON, lawyer, in charge of the affairs of Mlle. Gamard at Tours in1826. He acted against Abbe Francois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

CARPENTIER, formerly captain in the Imperial Army, retired at Issoudunduring the Restoration. He had a position in the mayor's office. Hewas allied by marriage to one of the strongest families of the city, the Borniche-Hereaus. He was an intimate friend of the artillerycaptain, Mignonnet, sharing with him his aversion for CommandantMaxence Gilet. Carpentier and Mignonnet were seconds of PhilippeBridau in his duel with the chief of the "Knights of Idlesse. " [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

CARPI (Benedetto), jailer of a Venetian prison, where Facino Cane wasconfined between the years 1760 and 1770. Bribed by the prisoner, hefled with him, carrying a portion of the hidden treasure of theRepublic. But he perished soon after, by drowning, while trying tocross the sea. [Facino Cane. ]

CARTHAGENOVA, a superb basso of the Fenice theatre at Venice. In 1820he sang the part of Moses in Rossini's opera, with Genovese and LaTinti. [Massimilla Doni. ]

CARTIER, gardener in the Montparnasse quarter, Paris, during the reignof Louis Philippe. In 1838 he supplied flowers to M. Bernard--Baron deBourlac--for his daughter Vanda. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CARTIER (Madame), wife of the preceding; vender of milk, eggs andvegetables to Mme. Vauthier, landlady of a miserable boarding-house onBoulevard Montparnasse, and also to M. Bernard, lessee of real estate. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CASA-REAL (Duc de), younger brother of Mme. Balthazar Claes; relatedto the Evangelistas of Bordeaux; of an illustrious family under theSpanish monarchy; his sister had renounced the paternal succession inorder to procure for him a marriage worthy of a house so noble. Hedied young, in 1805, leaving to Mme. Claes, a considerable fortune inmoney. [The Quest of the Absolute. A Marriage Settlement. ]

CASTAGNOULD, mate of the "Mignon, " a pretty, hundred-ton vessel ownedby Charles Mignon, the captain. In this he made several important andprosperous voyages, from 1826 to 1829. Castagnould was a Provencal andan old servant of the Mignon family. [Modeste Mignon. ]

CASTANIER (Rodolphe), retired chief of squadron in the dragoons, underthe Empire. Cashier of Baron de Nucingen during the Restoration. Worethe decoration of the Legion of Honor. He maintained Mme. De laGarde--Aquilina--and on her account, in 1821, he counterfeited thebanker's name on a letter of credit for a considerable amount. JohnMelmoth, an Englishman, got him out of this scrape by exchanging hisown individuality for that of the old officer. Castanier was thusall-powerful, but becoming promptly at outs with the proceeding, headopted the same tactics of exchange, transferring his power to afinancier named Claparon. Castanier was a Southerner. He had seenservice from sixteen till nearly forty. [Melmoth Reconciled. ]

CASTANIER (Madame), wife of the preceding, married during the firstEmpire. Her family--that of the bourgeoisie of Nancy--fooled Castanierabout the size of her dowry and her "expectations. " Mme. Castanier washonest, ugly and sour-tempered. She was separated from her husband, tohis relief, and for several years previous to 1821 lived in thesuburbs of Strasbourg. [Melmoth Reconciled. ]

CASTERAN (De), a very ancient aristocracy of Normandy; related toWilliam the Conqueror; allied with the Verneuils, the Esgrignons andthe Troisvilles. The name is pronounced "Cateran. " A DemoiselleBlanche de Casteran was the mother of Mlle. De Verneuil, and diedAbbess of Notre-Dame de Seez. [The Chouans. ] In 1807 Mme. De laChanterie, then a widow, was hospitably received in Normandy by theCasterans. [The Seamy Side of History. ] In 1822 a venerable couple, Marquis and Marquise de Casteran visited the drawing-room of Marquisd'Esgrignon at Alencon. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] The Marquisede Rochefide, nee Beatrix Maximilienne-Rose de Casteran, was theyounger daughter of a Marquis de Casteran who wished to marry off bothhis daughters without dowries, and thus save his entire fortune forhis son, the Comte de Casteran. [Beatrix. ] A Comte de Casteran, son-in-law of the Marquis of Troisville, relative of Mme. De Montcornet, was prefect of a department of Burgundy between 1820 and 1825. [ThePeasantry. ]

CATANEO (Duke), noble Sicilian, born in 1773; first husband ofMassimilla Doni. Physically ruined by early debaucheries, he was ahusband only in name, living only by and through the influence ofmusic. Very wealthy, he had educated Clara Tinti, discovered by himwhen still a child and a simple tavern servant. The young girl became, thanks to him, the celebrated prima donna of the Fenice theatre, atVenice in 1820. The wonderful tenor Genovese, of the same theatre, wasalso a protege of Duke Cataneo, who paid him a high salary to singonly with La Tinti. The Duke Cataneo cut a sorry figure. [MassimillaDoni. ]

CATANEO (Duchess), nee Massimilla Doni, wife of the preceding; marriedlater to Emilio Memmi, Prince de Varese. (See Princesse de Varese. )

CATHERINE, an old woman in the service of M. And Mme. Saillard, in1824. [The Government Clerks. ]

CATHERINE, chambermaid and foster sister of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne in1803. A handsome girl of nineteen. According to Gothard, Catherine wasin all her mistress' secrets and furthered all her schemes. [TheGondreville Mystery. ]

CAVALIER, Fendant's partner; both were book-collectors, publishers andvenders in Paris, on rue Serpente in 1821. Cavalier traveled for thehouse, whose firm name appeared as "Fendant and Cavalier. " The twoassociates failed shortly after having published, without success, thefamous romance of Lucien de Rubempre, "The Archer of Charles IX. , "which title they had changed for one more fantastic. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ] In 1838, a firm of Cavalier published "TheSpirit of Modern Law" by Baron Bourlac, sharing the profits with theauthor. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CAYRON, of Languedoc, a vender of parasols, umbrellas and canes, onrue Saint-Honore in a house adjacent to that inhabited by Birotteauthe perfumer in 1818. With the consent of the landlord, Molineux, Cayron sublet two apartments over his shop to his neighbor. He faredbadly in business, suddenly disappearing a short time after the grandball given by Birotteau. Cayron admired Birotteau. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

CELESTIN, _valet de chambre_ of Lucien de Rubempre, on the Malaquaisquai, in the closing years of the reign of Charles X. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

CERIZET, orphan from the Foundling Hospital, Paris; born in 1802; anapprentice of the celebrated printers Didot, at whose office he wasnoticed by David Sechard, who took him to Angouleme and employed himin his own shop, where Cerizet performed triple duties of form-maker, compositor and proof-reader. Presently he betrayed his master, and byleaguing with the Cointet Brothers, rivals of David Sechard, heobtained possession of his property. [Lost Illusions. ] Following thishe was an actor in the provinces; managed a Liberal paper during theRestoration; was sub-prefect at the beginning of the reign of LouisPhilippe; and finally was a "man of business. " In the latter capacityhe was sentenced to two years' imprisonment for swindling. Afterbusiness partnership with Georges d'Estourny, and later with Claparon, he was stranded and reduced to transcribing for a justice of the peacein the quartier Saint-Jacques. At the same time he began lending moneyon short time, and by speculating with the poorer class he acquired acertain competence. Although thoroughly debauched, Cerizet marriedOlympe Cardinal about 1840. At this time he was implicated in theintrigues of Theodose de la Peyrade and in the interests of JeromeThuillier. Becoming possessed of a note of Maxime de Trailles in 1833, he succeeded by Scapinal tactics in obtaining face value of the paper. [A Man of Business. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The MiddleClasses. ]

CERIZET (Olympe Cardinal, Madame), wife of foregoing; born about 1824;daughter of Mme. Cardinal the fish-dealer. Actress at the Bobino, Luxembourg, then at the Folies-Dramatiques, where she made her debutin "The Telegraph of Love. " At first she was intimate with the firstcomedian. Afterwards she had Julien Minard for lover. From the fatherof the latter she received thirty thousand francs to renounce her son. This money she used as a dowry and it aided in consummating hermarriage with Cerizet. [The Middle Classes. ]

CESARINE, laundry girl at Alencon. Mistress of the Chevalier deValois, and mother of a child that was attributed to the oldaristocrat. It was also said in the town, in 1816, that he had marriedCesarine clandestinely. These rumors greatly annoyed the chevalier, since he had hoped at this time to wed Mlle. Cormon. Cesarine, thesole legatee of her lover, received an income of only six hundredlivres. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

CESARINE, dancer at the Opera de Paris in 1822; an acquaintance ofPhilippe Bridau, who at one time thought of breaking off with her onaccount of his uncle Rouget at Issoudun. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

CHABERT (Hyacinthe), Count, grand officer of the Legion of Honor, colonel of a cavalry regiment. Left for dead on the battlefield ofEylau (February 7-8, 1807). He was healed at Heilsberg, then locked upin an insane asylum at Stuttgart. Returning to France after thedownfall of the Empire, he lived, in 1818, in straitenedcircumstances, with the herdsman Vergniaud, an old lieutenant of hisregiment, on rue du Petit-Banquier, Paris. After having sought withoutarousing scandal to make good his rights with Rose Chapotel, his wife, now married to Count Ferraud, he sank again into poverty and wasconvicted of vagrancy. He ended his days at the Hospital de Bicetre;they had begun at the Foundling Hospital. [Colonel Chabert. ]

CHABERT (Madame), nee Rose Chapotel. (See Ferraud, Comtesse. )

CHABOISSEAU, an old bookseller, book-lender, something of a usurer, amillionaire living in 1821-1822 on quai Saint-Michel, where hediscussed a business deal with Lucien de Rubembre, who had beenpiloted there by Lousteau. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] Hewas a friend of Gobseck and of Gigonnet and with them he frequented, in 1824, the Cafe Themis. [The Government Clerks. ] During the reign ofLouis Philippe he had dealings with the Cerizet-Claparon Company. [AMan of Business. ]

CHAFFAROUX, building-contractor, one of Cesar Birotteau's creditors[Cesar Birotteau]; uncle of Claudine Chaffaroux who became Mme. DuBruel. Rich and a bachelor, he showered much affection upon his niece;she had helped him to launch into business. He died in the second halfof the reign of Louis Philippe, leaving an income of forty thousandfrancs to the former _danseuse_. [A Prince of Bohemia. ] In 1840 he didsome work on an unfinished house in the suburbs of the Madeleine, purchased by the Thuilliers. [The Middle Classes. ]

CHAMAROLLES (Mesdemoiselles), conducted a boarding-school for youngladies at Bourges, at the beginning of the century. This schoolenjoyed a great reputation in the department. Here was educated AnnaGrosetete, who later married the third son of Comte de Fontaine; alsoDinah Piedefer who became Mme. De la Baudray. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

CHAMPAGNAC, charman of Limoges, a widower, native of Auvergne. In 1797Jerome-Baptiste Sauviat married Champagnac's daughter, who was atleast thirty. [The Country Parson. ]

CHAMPIGNELLES (De), an illustrious Norman family. In 1822 a Marquis deChampignelles was the head of the leading house of the country atBayeux. Through marriage this family was allied with the Navarreins, the Blamont-Chauvries, and the Beauseants. Marquis de Champignellesintroduced Gaston de Nueil to Mme. De Beauseant's home. [The DesertedWoman. ] A M. De Champignelles presented Mme. De la Chanterie to LouisXVIII. , at the beginning of the Restoration. The Baronne de laChanterie was formerly a Champignelles. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CHAMPION (Maurice), a young boy of Montegnac, Haute-Vienne, son of thepostmaster of that commune; employed as stable-boy at Mme. Graslin's, time of Louis Philippe. [The Country Parson. ]

CHAMPLAIN (Pierre), vine-dresser, a neighbor of the crazy Margaritis, at Vouvray in 1831. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

CHAMPY (Madame de), name given to Esther Gobseck. 

CHANDOUR (Stanislas de), born in 1781; one of the habitues of theBargeton's drawing-room at Angouleme, and the "beau" of that society. In 1821 he was decorated. He obtained some success with the ladies byhis sarcastic pleasantries in the fashion of the eighteenth century. Having spread about town a slander relating to Mme. De Bargeton andLucien de Rubempre, he was challenged by her husband and was woundedin the neck by a bullet, which wound brought on him a kind of chronictwist of the neck. [Lost Illusions. ]

CHANDOUR (Amelie de), wife of the preceding; charmingconversationalist, but troubled with an unacknowledged asthma. InAngouleme she posed as the antagonist of her friend, Mme. De Bargeton. [Lost Illusions. ]

CHANOR, partner of Florent, both being workers and dealers in bronze, rue des Tournelles, Paris, time of Louis Philippe. Wenceslas Steinbockwas at first an apprentice and afterwards an employe of the firm. [Cousin Betty. ] In 1845, Frederic Brunner obtained a watch-chain and acane-knob from the firm of Florent & Chanor. [Cousin Pons. ]

CHANTONNIT, mayor of Riceys, near Besancon, between 1830 and 1840. Hewas a native of Neufchatel, Switzerland, and a Republican. He wasinvolved in a lawsuit with the Wattevilles. Albert Savarus pleaded forthem against Chantonnit. [Albert Savarus. ]

CHAPELOUD (Abbe), canon of the Church of Saint-Gatien at Tours. Intimate friend of the Abbe Birotteau, to whom he bequeathed on hisdeath-bed, in 1824, a set of furniture and a library of considerablevalue which had been ardently coveted by the naive priest. [The Vicarof Tours. ]

CHAPERON (Abbe), Cure of Nemours, Seine-et-Marne, after there-establishment of religious worship following the Revolution. Bornin 1755, died in 1841, in that city. He was a friend of Dr. Minoretand helped educate Ursule Mirouet, a niece of the physician. He wasnicknamed "the Fenelon of Gatinais. " His successor was the cure ofSaint-Lange, the priest who tried to give religious consolation toMme. D'Aiglemont, a prey to despair. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

CHAPOTEL (Rose), family name of Mme. Chabert, who afterwards becameComtesse Ferraud, which name see. 

CHAPOULOT (Monsieur and Madame), formerly lace-dealers of rueSaint-Denis in 1845. Tenants of the house, rue de Normandie, wherelived Pons and Schmucke. One evening, when M. And Mme. Chapoulotaccompanied by their daughter Victorine were returning from theTheatre de l'Ambigu-Comique, they met Heloise Brisetout on thelanding, and a little conjugal scene resulted. [Cousin Pons. ]

CHAPUZOT (Monsieur and Madame), porters of Marguerite Turquet, knownas Malaga, rue des Fosses-du-Temple at Paris in 1836; afterwards herservants and her confidants when she was maintained by Thaddee Paz. [The Imaginary Mistress. ]

CHAPUZOT, chief of division to the prefecture of police in the time ofLouis Philippe. Visited and consulted in 1843 by Victorin Hulot onaccount of Mme. De Saint-Esteve. [Cousin Betty. ]

CHARDIN (Pere), old mattress-maker, and a sot. In 1843 he acted as ago-between for Baron Hulot under the name of Pere Thoul, and CousinBetty, who concealed from the family the infamy of its head. [CousinBetty. ]

CHARDIN, son of the preceding. At first a watchman for Johann Fischer, commissariat for the Minister of War in the province of Oran from 1838to 1841. Afterwards _claqueur_ in a theatre under Braulard, anddesignated at that time by the name of Idamore. A brother of ElodieChardin whom he procured for Pere Thoul in order to release OlympeBijou whose lover he himself was. After Olympe Bijou, Chardin paidcourt in 1843 to a young _premiere_ of the Theatre des Funambules. [Cousin Betty. ]

CHARDIN (Elodie), sister of Chardin alias Idamore; lace-maker;mistress of Baron Hulot--Pere Thoul--in 1843. She lived then with himat number 7 rue des Bernardins. She had succeeded Olympe Bijou in theold fellow's affections. [Cousin Betty. ]

CHARDON, retired surgeon of the army of the Republic; established as adruggist at Angouleme during the Empire. He was engrossed in trying tocure the gout, and he also dreamed of replacing rag-paper with papermade from vegetable fibre, after the manner of the Chinese. He died atthe beginning of the Restoration at Paris, where he had come tosolicit the sanction of the Academy of Science, in despair at the lackof result, leaving a wife and two children poverty-stricken. [LostIllusions. ]

CHARDON (Madame), nee Rubempre, wife of the preceding. The finalbranch of an illustrious family. Saved from the scaffold in 1793 bythe army surgeon Chardon who declared her enceinte by him and whomarried her despite their mutual poverty. Reduced to suffering by thesudden death of her husband, she concealed her misfortunes under thename of Mme. Charlotte. She adored her two children, Eve and Lucien. Mme. Chardon died in 1827. [Lost Illusions. Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

CHARDON (Lucien). (See Rubempre, Chardon de). 

CHARDON (Eve). (See Sechard, Madame David. )

CHARELS (The), worthy farmers in the outskirts of Alencon; the fatherand mother of Olympe Charel who became the wife of Michaud, thehead-keeper of General de Montcornet's estate. [The Peasantry. ]

CHARGEBOEUF (Marquis de), a Champagne gentleman, born in 1739, head ofthe house of Chargeboeuf in the time of the Consulate and the Empire. His lands reached from the department of Seine-et-Marne into that ofthe Aube. A relative of the Hauteserres and the Simeuses whom hesought to erase from the emigrant list in 1804, and whom he assistedin the lawsuit in which they were implicated after the abduction ofSenator Malin. He was also related to Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. TheChargeboeufs and the Cinq-Cygnes had the same origin, the Frankishname of Duineff being their joint property. Cinq-Cygne became the nameof the junior branch of the Chargeboeufs. The Marquis de Chargeboeufwas acquainted with Talleyrand, at whose instance he was enabled totransmit a petition to First-Consul Bonaparte. M. De Chargeboeuf wasapparently reconciled to the new order of things springing out of theyear '89; at any rate he displayed much politic prudence. His familyreckoned their ancient titles from the Crusades; his name arose froman equerry's exploit with Saint Louis in Egypt. [The GondrevilleMystery. ]

CHARGEBOEUF (Madame de), mother of Bathilde de Chargeboeuf who marriedDenis Rogron. She lived at Troyes with her daughter during theRestoration. She was poor but haughty. [Pierrette. ]

CHARGEBOEUF (Bathilde de), daughter of the preceding; married DenisRogron. (See Rogron, Madame. )

CHARGEBOEUF (Melchior-Rene, Vicomte de), of the poor branch of theChargeboeufs. Made sub-prefect of Arcis-sur-Aube in 1815, through theinfluence of his kinswoman, Mme. De Cinq-Cygne. It was there that hemet Mme. Severine Beauvisage. A mutual attachment resulted, and adaughter called Cecile-Renee was born of their intimacy. [The Memberfor Arcis. ] In 1820 the Vicomte de Chargeboeuf removed to Sancerrewhere he knew Mme. De la Baudraye. She would probably have favoredhim, had he not been made prefect and left the city. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

CHARGEBOEUF (De), secretary of attorney-general Granville at Paris in1830; then a young man. Entrusted by the magistrate with the detailsof Lucien de Rubempre's funeral, which was carried through in such away as to make one believe that he had died a free man and in his ownhome, on quai Malaquais. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

CHARGEGRAIN (Louis), inn-keeper of Littray, Normandy. He had dealingswith the brigands and was arrested in the suit of the Chauffeurs ofMortagne, in 1809, but acquitted. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CHARLES, first name of a rather indifferent young painter, who in 1819boarded at the Vauquer pension. A tutor at college and a Museumattache; very jocular; given to personal witticisms, which were oftenaimed at Goriot. [Father Goriot. ]

CHARLES, a young prig who was killed in a duel of small arms withRaphael de Valentin at Aix, Savoy, in 1831. Charles had boasted ofhaving received the title of "Bachelor of shooting" from Lepage atParis, and that of doctor from Lozes the "King of foils. " [The MagicSkin. ]

CHARLES, _valet de chambre_ of M. D'Aiglemont at Paris in 1823. Themarquis complained of his servant's carelessness. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

CHARLES, footman to Comte de Montcornet at Aigues, Burgundy, in 1823. Through no good motive he paid court to Catherine Tonsard, beingencouraged in his gallantries by Fourchon the girl's maternalgrandfather, who desired to have a spy in the chateau. In thepeasants' struggle against the people of Aigues, Charles usually sidedwith the peasants: "Sprung from the people, their livery remained uponhim. " [The Peasantry. ]

CHARLOTTE, a great lady, a duchess, and a widow without children. Shewas loved by Marsay then only sixteen and some six years younger thanshe. She deceived him and he resented by procuring her a rival. Shedied young of consumption. Her husband was a statesman. [Another Studyof Woman. ]

CHARLOTTE (Madame), name assumed by Mme. Chardon, in 1821 atAngouleme, when obliged to make a living as a nurse. [Lost Illusions. ]

CHATELET (Sixte, Baron du), born in 1776 as plain Sixte Chatelet. About 1806 he qualified for and later was made baron under the Empire. His career began with a secretaryship to an Imperial princess. Laterhe entered the diplomatic corps, and finally, under the Restoration, M. De Barante selected him for director of the indirect taxes atAngouleme. Here he met and married Mme. De Bargeton when she became awidow in 1821. He was the prefect of the Charente. [Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ] In 1824 he was count and deputy. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Chatelet accompanied General MarquisArmand de Montriveau in a perilous and famous excursion into Egypt. [The Thirteen. ]

CHATELET (Marie-Louise-Anais de Negrepelisse, Baronne du), born in1785; cousin by marriage of the Marquise d'Espard; married in 1803 toM. De Bargeton of Angouleme; widow in 1821 and married to Baron Sixtedu Chatelet, prefect of the Charente. Temporarily enamored of Luciende Rubempre, she attached him to her party in a journey to Paris madenecessary by provincial slanders and ambition. There she abandoned heryouthful lover at the instigation of Chatelet and of Mme. D'Espard. [Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] In 1824, Mme. Du Chatelet attended Mme. Rabourdin's evening reception. [TheGovernment Clerks. ] Under the direction of Abbe Niolant (or Niollant), Madame du Chatelet, orphaned of her mother, had been reared a littletoo boyishly at l'Escarbas, a small paternal estate situated nearBarbezieux. [Lost Illusions. ]

CHATILLONEST (De), an old soldier; father of Marquise d'Aiglemont. Hewas hardly reconciled to her marriage with her cousin, the brilliantcolonel. [A Woman of Thirty. ] The device of the house of Chatillonest(or Chastillonest) was: _Fulgens, sequar_ ("Shining, I follow thee"). Jean Butscha had put this device beneath a star on his seal. [ModestMignon. ]

CHAUDET (Antoine-Denis), sculptor and painter, born in Paris in 1763, interested in the birth of Joseph Bridau's genius. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

CHAULIEU (Henri, Duc de), born in 1773; peer of France; one of thegentlemen of the Court of Louis XVIII. And of that of Charles X. , principally in favor under the latter. After having been ambassadorfrom France to Madrid, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs at thebeginning of 1830. He had three children: the eldest was the Duc deRhetore; the second became Duc de Lenoncourt-Givry through hismarriage with Madeleine de Mortsauf; the third, a daughter, Armande-Louise-Marie, married Baron de Macumer and, left a widow, afterwards married the poet Marie Gaston. [Letters of Two Brides. Modeste Mignon. A Bachelor's Establishment. ] The Duc de Chaulieu wason good terms with the Grandlieus and promised them to obtain thetitle of marquis for Lucien de Rubempre, who was aspiring to the handof their daughter Clotilde. The Duc de Chaulieu resided in Paris invery close relations with these same Grandlieus of the elder branch. More than once he took particular interest in the family's affairs. He employed Corentin to clear up the dark side of the life ofClotilde's fiance. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Some time beforethis M. De Chaulieu made one of the portentous conclave assembled toextricate Mme. De Langeais, a relative of the Grandlieus, from aserious predicament. [The Thirteen. ]

CHAULIEU (Eleonore, Duchesse de), wife of the preceding. She was afriend of M. D'Aubrion and sought to influence him to bring about themarriage of Mlle. D'Aubrion with Charles Grandet. [Eugenie Grandet. ]For a long time she was the mistress of the poet Canalis, severalyears her junior. She protected him, helping him on in the world, andin public life, but she was very jealous and kept him under strictsurveillance. She still retained her hold of him at fifty years. Mme. De Chaulieu gave her husband the three children designated in theduc's biography. Her hauteur and coquetry subdued most of her maternalsentiments. During the last year of the second Restoration, Eleonorede Chaulieu followed on the way to Normandy, not far from Rosny, achase almost royal where her sentiments were fully occupied. [Lettersof Two Brides. ]

CHAULIEU (Armande-Louise-Marie de), daughter of Duc and Duchesse deChaulieu. (See Marie Gaston, Madame. )

CHAUSSARD (The Brothers), inn-keepers at Louvigny, Orne; oldgame-keepers of the Troisville estate, implicated in a trial known asthe "Chauffeurs of Mortagne" in 1809. Chaussard the elder was condemnedto twenty years' hard labor, was sent to the galleys, and later waspardoned by the Emperor. Chaussard junior was contumacious, andtherefore received sentence of death. Later he was cast into the seaby M. De Boislaurier for having been traitorous to the Chouans. Athird Chaussard, enticed into the ranks of the police by Contenson, was assassinated in a nocturnal affair. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CHAVONCOURT (De), Besancon gentleman, highly thought of in the town, representing an old parliamentary family. A deputy under Charles X. , one of the famous 221 who signed the address to the King on March 18, 1830. He was re-elected under Louis Philippe. Father of three childrenbut possessing a rather slender income. The family of Chavoncourt wasacquainted with the Wattevilles. [Albert Savarus. ]

CHAVONCOURT (Madame de), wife of the preceding and one of the beautiesof Besancon. Born about 1794; mother of three children; managedcapably the household with its slender resources. [Albert Savarus. ]

CHAVONCOURT (De), born in 1812. Son of M. And Mme. De Chavoncourt ofBesancon. College-mate and chum of M. De Vauchelles. [Albert Savarus. ]

CHAVONCOURT (Victoire de), second child and elder daughter of M. AndMme. De Chavoncourt. Born between 1816 and 1817. M. De Vauchellesdesired to wed her in 1834. [Albert Savarus. ]

CHAVONCOURT (Sidonie de), third and last child of M. And Mme. DeChavoncourt of Besancon. Born in 1818. [Albert Savarus. ]

CHAZELLE, clerk under the Minister of Finance, in Baudoyer's bureau, in 1824. A benedict and wife-led, although wishing to appear his ownmaster. He argued without ceasing upon subjects and through causes theidlest with Paulmier the bachelor. The one smoked, the other tooksnuff; this different way of taking tobacco was one of the endlessthemes between the two. [The Government Clerks. ]

CHELIUS, physician of Heidelberg with whom Halpersohn corresponded, during the reign of Louis Philippe. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CHERVIN, a police-corporal at Montegnac near Limoges in 1829. [TheCountry Parson. ]

CHESNEL, or Choisnel, notary at Alencon, time of Louis XVIII. Born in1753. Old attendant of the house of Gordes, also of the d'Esgrignonfamily whose property he had protected during the Revolution. Awidower, childless, and possessed of a considerable fortune, he had anaristocratic clientele, notably that of Mme. De la Chanterie. On everyhand he received that attention which his good points merited. M. DuBousquier held him in profound hatred, blaming him with the refusalwhich Mlle. D'Esgrignon had made of Du Bousquier's proffered hand inmarriage, and another check of the same nature which he experienced atfirst from Mlle. Cormon. By a dexterous move in 1824 Chesnel succeededin rescuing Victurnien d'Esgrignon, though guilty, from the Court ofAssizes. The old notary succumbed soon after this event. [The SeamySide of History. Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

CHESSEL (De), owner of the chateau and estate of Frapesle near Sachein Touraine. Friend of the Vandenesses; he introduced their son Felixto his neighbors, the Mortsaufs. The son of a manufacturer namedDurand who became very rich during the Revolution, but whose plebeianname he had entirely dropped; instead he adopted that of his wife, theonly heiress of the Chessels, an old parliamentary family. M. DeChessel was director-general and twice deputy. He received the titleof count under Louis XVIII. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

CHESSEL (Madame de), wife of the preceding. She made up elaboratetoilettes. [The Lily of the Valley. ] In 1824 she frequented Mme. Rabourdin's Paris home. [The Government Clerks. ]

CHEVREL (Monsieur and Madame), founders of the house of the "Cat andRacket, " rue Saint-Denis, at the close of the eighteenth century. Father and mother of Mme. Guillaume, whose husband succeeded to themanagement of the firm. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

CHEVREL, rich Parisian banker at the beginning of the nineteenthcentury. Probably brother and brother-in-law of the foregoing. He hada daughter who married Maitre Roguin. [At the Sign of the Cat andRacket. ]

CHIAVARI (Prince de), brother of the Duke of Vissembourg; son ofMarechal Vernon. [Beatrix. ]

CHIFFREVILLE (Monsieur and Madame), ran a very prosperous drug-storeand laboratory in Paris during the Restoration. Their partners wereMM. Protez and Cochin. This firm had frequent business dealings withCesar Birotteau's "Queen of Roses"; it also supplied Balthazar Claes. [Cesar Birotteau. The Quest of the Absolute. ]

CHIGI (Prince), great lord of Rome in 1758. He boasted of having "madea soprano out of Zambinella" and disclosed the fact to Sarrasine thatthis creature was not a woman. [Sarrasine. ]

CHISSE (Madame de), great aunt of M. Du Bruel; a grasping oldProvincial at whose home the retired dancer Tullia, now Mme. Du Bruel, was fortunate to pass a summer in a rather hypocritical religiouspenance. [A Prince of Bohemia. ]

CHOCARDELLE (Mademoiselle), known as Antonia; a Parisian courtesanduring the reign of Louis Philippe; born in 1814. Maxime de Traillesspoke of her as a woman of wit; "She's a pupil of mine, indeed, " saidhe. About 1834, she lived on rue Helder and for fifteen days was themistress of M. De la Palferine. [Beatrix. A Prince of Bohemia. ] For atime she operated a reading-room that M. De Trailles had establishedfor her on rue Coquenard. Like Marguerite Turquet she had "well soakedthe little d'Esgrignon. " [A Man of Business. ] In 1838 she was presentat the "house-warming" to Josepha Mirah on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty. ] In 1839 she accompanied her lover Maxime de Traillesto Arcis-sur-Aube to aid him in his official transactions relating tothe legislative elections. [The Member for Arcis. ]

CHOIN (Mademoiselle), good Catholic who built a parsonage on some landat Blangy bought expressly by her in the eighteenth century; theproperty was acquired later by Rigou. [The Peasantry. ]

CHOLLET (Mother), janitress of a house on rue du Sentier occupied byFinot's paper in 1821. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

CHRESTIEN (Michel), Federalist Republican; member of the "Cenacle" ofrue des Quatre-Vents. In 1819 he and his friends were invited by thewidow Bridau to her home to celebrate the return of her elder sonPhilippe from Texas. He posed as a Roman senator in a historicpicture. The painter Joseph Bridau was a friend of his. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ] About 1822 Chrestien fought a duel with Lucien Chardonde Rubempre on account of Daniel d'Arthez. He was a great thoughunknown statesman. He was killed at Saint-Merri cloister on June 6, 1832, where he was defending ideas not his own. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ] He became foolishly enamored of Diane deMaufrigneuse, but did not confess his love save by a letter addressedto her just before he went to his death at the barricade. He had savedthe life of M. De Maufrigneuse in the Revolution of July, 1830, through love for the duchesse. [The Secrets of a Princess. ]

CHRISTEMIO, creole and foster-father of Paquita Valdes, whoseprotector and body-guard he constituted himself. The Marquis deSan-Real caused his death for having abetted the intimacy betweenPaquita and Marsay. [The Thirteen. ]

CHRISTOPHE, native of Savoy; servant of Mme. Vauquer on rueNeuve-Saint-Genevieve, Paris, in 1819. He alone was with Rastignacat the funeral of Goriot, accompanying the body as far asPere-Lachaise in the priest's carriage. [Father Goriot. ]

CIBOT, alias Galope-Chopine, also called Cibot the Great. A Chouanimplicated in the Breton insurrection of 1799. Decapitated by hiscousin Cibot, alias Pille-Miche, and by Marche-a-Terre for havingunthinkingly betrayed the brigand position to the "Blues. " [TheChouans. ]

CIBOT (Barbette), wife of Cibot, alias Galope-Chopine. She went overto the "Blues" after her husband's execution, and vowed throughvengeance to devote her son, who was still a child, to the Republicancause. [The Chouans. ]

CIBOT (Jean), alias Pille-Miche; one of the Chouans of the Bretoninsurrection of 1799; cousin of Cibot, alias Galope-Chopine, and hismurderer. Pille-Miche it was, also, who shot and killed AdjutantGerard of the 72d demi-brigade at the Vivetiere. [The Chouans. ]Signalized as the hardiest of the indirect allies of the brigands inthe affair of the "Chauffeurs of Mortagne. " Tried and executed in1809. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

CIBOT, born in 1786. From 1818 to 1845 he was tailor-janitor in ahouse in rue de Normandie, belonging to Claude-Joseph Pillerault, where dwelt Pons and Schmucke, the two musicians, time of LouisPhilippe. Poisoned by the pawn-broker Remonencq, Cibot died at hispost in April, 1845, on the same day of Sylvain Pons' demise. [CousinPons. ]

CIBOT (Madame). (See Remonencq, Madame. )

CICOGNARA, Roman Cardinal in 1758; protector of Zambinella. He causedthe assassination of Sarrasine who otherwise would have slainZambinella. [Sarrasine. ]

CINQ-CYGNE, the name of an illustrious family of Champagne, theyounger branch of the house of Chargeboeuf. These two branches of thesame stock had a common origin in the Duineffs of the Frankish people. The name of Cinq-Cygne arose from the defence of a castle made, in theabsence of their father, by five (_cinq_) daughters all remarkablyfair. On the blazon of the house of Cinq-Cygne is placed for devicethe response of the eldest of the five sisters when summoned tosurrender: "We die singing!" [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

CINQ-CYGNE (Comtesse de), mother of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. Widow atthe time of the Revolution. She died in the height of a nervous feverinduced by an attack on her chateau at Troyes by the populace in 1793. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

CINQ-CYGNE (Marquis de), name of Adrien d'Hauteserre after hismarriage with Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. (See Hauteserre, Adrien d'. )

CINQ-CYGNE (Laurence, Comtesse, afterwards Marquise de), born in 1781. Left an orphan at the age of twelve, she lived, at the last of theeighteenth and the first of the nineteenth century, with her kinsmanand tutor M. D'Hauteserre at Cinq-Cygne, Aube. She was loved by bothher cousins, Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul de Simeuse, and also by theyounger of her tutor's two sons, Adrien d'Hauteserre, whom she marriedin 1813. Laurence de Cinq-Cygne struggled valiantly against a cunningand redoubtable police-agency, the soul of which was Corentin. TheKing of France approved the charter of the Count of Champagne, byvirtue of which, in the family of Cinq-Cygne, a woman might "ennobleand succeed"; therefore the husband of Laurence took the name and thearms of his wife. Although an ardent Royalist she went to seek theEmperor as far as the battlefield of Jena, in 1806, to ask pardon forthe two Simeuses and the two Hauteserres involved in a political trialand condemned to hard labor, despite their innocence. Her bold movesucceeded. The Marquise de Cinq-Cygne gave her husband two children, Paul and Berthe. This family passed the winter season at Paris in amagnificent mansion on Faubourg du Roule. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]In 1832 Mme. De Cinq-Cygne, at the instance of the Archbishop ofParis, consented to call on the Princesse de Cadignan who hadreformed. [The Secrets of a Princess. ] In 1836 Mme. De Cinq-Cygne wasintimate with Mme. De la Chanterie. [The Seamy Side of History. ] Underthe Restoration, and principally during Charles X. 's reign, Mme. DeCinq-Cygne exercised a sort of sovereignty over the Department of theAube which the Comte de Gondreville counterbalanced in a measure byhis family connections and through the generosity of the department. Some time after the death of Louis XVIII. She brought about theelection of Francois Michu as president of the Arcis Court. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

CINQ-CYGNE (Jules de), only brother of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne. Heemigrated at the outbreak of the Revolution and died for the Royalistcause at Mayence. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

CINQ-CYGNE (Paul de), son of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne and of Adriend'Hauteserre; he became marquis after his father's death. [TheGondreville Mystery. ]

CINQ-CYGNE (Berthe de). (See Maufrigneuse, Mme. Georges de. )

CIPREY of Provins, Seine-et-Marne; nephew of the maternal grandmotherof Pierrette Lorrain. He formed one of the family council calledtogether in 1828 to decide whether or not the young girl should remainunderneath Denis Rogron's roof. This council replaced Rogron with thenotary Auffray and chose Ciprey for vice-guardian. [Pierrette. ]

CLAES-MOLINA (Balthazar), Comte de Nourho; born at Douai in 1761 anddied in the same town in 1832; sprung from a famous family of Flemishweavers, allied to a very noble Spanish family, time of Philip II. In1795 he married Josephine de Temninck of Brussels, and lived happilywith her until 1809, at which time a Polish officer, Adam deWierzchownia, seeking shelter at the Claes mansion, discussed with himthe subject of chemical affinity. From that time on Balthazar, whoformerly had worked in Lavoisier's laboratory, buried himselfexclusively in the "quest of the absolute. " He expended seven millionsin experiments, leaving his wife to die of neglect. From 1820 to 1825*he was a tax-collector in Brittany--duties performed by his elderdaughter who had secured the position for him in order to divert himfrom his barren labors. During this time she rehabilitated the familyfortunes. Balthazar died, almost insane, crying "Eureka!" [The Questof the Absolute. ]

* Given erroneously in original text as 1852. --J. W. M. 

CLAES (Josephine de Temninck, Madame), wife of Balthazar Claes; bornat Brussels in 1770, died at Douai in 1816; a native Spaniard on hermother's side; commonly called Pepita. She was small, crooked andlame, with heavy black hair and glowing eyes. She gave her husbandfour children: Marguerite, Felicie, Gabriel (or Gustave) andJean-Balthazar. She was passionatley devoted to her husband, and diedof grief over his neglect of her for the scientific experiments whichnever came to an end. [The Quest of the Absolute. ] Mme. Claes countedamong her kin the Evangelistas of Bordeau. [A Marriage Settlement. ]

CLAES (Marguerite), elder daughter of Balthazar Claes and Josephine deTemninck. (See Solis, Madame de. )

CLAES (Felicie), second daughter of Balthazar Claes and of Josephinede Temninck; born in 1801. (See Pierquin, Madame. )

CLAES (Gabriel or Gustave), third child of Balthazar Claes and ofJosephine de Temninck; born about 1802. He attended the College ofDouai, afterwards entering the Ecole Polytechnique, becoming anengineer of roads and bridges. In 1825 he married Mlle. Conyncks ofCambrai. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

CLAES (Jean-Balthazar) last child of Balthazar Claes and Josephine deTemninck; born in the early part of the nineteenth century. [The Questof the Absolute. ]

CLAGNY (J. -B. De), public prosecutor at Sancerre in 1836. A passionateadmirer of Dinah de la Baudraye. He got transferred to Paris when shereturned there, and became successively the substitute for the generalprosecutor, attorney-general and finally attorney-general to the Courtof Cassation. He watched over and protected the misguided woman, consenting to act as godfather to the child she had by Lousteau. [TheMuse of the Department. ]

CLAGNY (Madame de), wife of the preceding. To use an expression of M. Gravier's, she was "ugly enough to chase a young Cossack" in 1814. Mme. De Clagny associated with Mme. De la Baudraye. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

CLAPARON, clerk for the Minister of the Interior under the Republicand Empire. Friend of Bridau, Sr. , after whose death he continued hiscordial relations with Mme. Bridau. He gave much attention to Philippeand Joseph on their mother's account. Claparon died in 1820. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

CLAPARON (Charles), son of the preceding; born about 1790. Businessman and banker (rue de Provence); at first a commercial traveler; anaide of F. Du Tillet in transactions of somewhat shady nature. He wasinvited to the famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau in honor ofCesar's nomination to the Legion of Honor and the release of Frenchpossessions. [A Bachelor's Establishment. Cesar Birotteau. ] In 1821, at the Bourse in Paris, he made a peculiar bargain with the cashierCastanier, who transferred to him, in exchange for his ownindividuality, the power which he had received from John Melmoth, theEnglishman. [Melmoth Reconciled. ] He was interested in the thirdliquidation of Nucingen in 1826, a settlement which made the fortuneof the Alsatian banker whose "man of straw" he was for some time. [TheFirm of Nucingen. ] He was associated with Cerizet who deceived him ina deal about a house sold to Thuillier. Becoming bankrupt he embarkedfor America about 1840. He was probably condemned for contumacy onaccount of swindling. [A Man of Business. The Middle Classes. ]

CLAPART, employe to the prefecture of the Seine during theRestoration, at a salary of twelve hundred francs. Born about 1776. About 1803 he married a widow Husson, aged twenty-two. At that time hewas employed in the Bureau of Finance, at a salary of eighteen hundredfrancs and a promise of more. But his known incapacity held him downto a secondary place. At the fall of the Empire he lost his position, obtaining his new one on the recommendation of the Comte de Serizy. Mme. Husson had by her first husband a child that was Clapart's evilgenius. In 1822 his family occupied an apartment renting for twohundred and fifty francs at number seven rue de la Cerisaie. There hesaw much of the old pensioner Poiret. Clapart was killed by theFieschi attack of July 28, 1835. [A Start in Life. ]

CLAPART (Madame), wife of the preceding; born in 1780; one of the"Aspasias" of the Directory, and famous for her acquaintance with oneof the "Pentarques. " He married her to Husson the contractor, who mademillions but who became bankrupt suddenly through the First Consul, and suicided in 1802. At that time she was mistress of Moreau, stewardof M. De Serizy. Moreau was in love with her and would have made herhis wife, but just then was under sentence of death and a fugitive. Thus it was that in her distress she married Clapart, a clerk in theBureau of Finance. By her first husband Mme. Clapart had a son, OscarHusson, whom she was bound up in, but whose boyish pranks caused hermuch trouble. During the first Empire Mme. Clapart was alady-in-waiting to Mme. Mere--Letitia Bonaparte. [A Start in Life. ]

CLARIMBAULT (Marechal de), maternal grandfather of Mme. De Beauseant. He had married the daughter of Chevalier de Rastignac, great-uncle ofEugene de Rastignac. [Father Goriot. ]

CLAUDE, an idiot who died in the village of Dauphine in 1829, nursedand metamorphosed by Dr. Benassis. [The Country Doctor. ]

CLERETTI, an architect of Paris who was quite the fashion in 1843. Grindot, though decadent at this time, tried to compete with him. [Cousin Betty. ]

CLERGET (Basine), laundress at Angouleme during the Restoration, whosucceeded Mme. Prieur with whom Eve Chardon had worked. Basine Clergetconcealed David Sechard and Kolb when Sechard was pursued by theCointet brothers. [Lost Illusions. ]

CLOUSIER, retired attorney of Limoges; justice of the peace atMontegnac after 1809. He was in touch with Mme. Graslin when she movedthere about 1830. An upright, phlegmatic man who finally led thecontemplative life of one of the ancient hermits. [The CountryParson. ]

COCHEGRUE (Jean), a Chouan who died of wounds received at the fight ofLa Pelerine or at the siege of Fourgeres in 1799. Abbe Gudin said amass, in the forest, for the repose of Jean Cochegrue, and othersslain by the "Blues. " [The Chouans. ]

COCHET (Francoise), chambermaid of Modeste Mignon at Havre in 1829. She received the answers to the letters addressed by Modeste toCanalis. She had also faithfully served Bettina-Caroline, Modeste'selder sister who took her to Paris. [Modeste Mignon. ]

COCHIN (Emile-Louis-Lucien-Emmanuel), employe in Clergeot's divisionof the Bureau of Finance during the Restoration. He had a brother wholooked after him in the administration. At this time Cochin was also asilent partner in Matifat's drug-store. Colleville invented an anagramon Cochin's name; with his given names it made up "Cochenille. " Cochinand his wife were in Birotteau's circle, being present with their sonat the famous ball given by the perfumer. In 1840, Cochin, now abaron, was spoken of by Anselme Popinot as the oracle of the Lombardand Bourdonnais quarters. [Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks. TheFirm of Nucingen. The Middle Classes. ]

COCHIN, (Adolphe), son of the preceding; an employe of the Minister ofFinance as his father had been for some years. In 1826 his parentstried to obtain for him the hand of Mlle. Matifat. [Cesar Birotteau. The Firm of Nucingen. ]

COFFINET, porter of a house belonging to Thuillier on rueSaint-Dominique-d'Enfer, Paris, in 1840. His employer put him to workin connection with the "Echo de la Bievre, " when Louis-JeromeThuillier became editor-in-chief of this paper. [The Middle Classes. ]

COFFINET, (Madame), wife of the preceding. She looked after Theodosede la Peyrade's establishment. [The Middle Classes. ]

COGNET, inn-keeper at Issoudun during the Restoration. House of the"Knights of Idlesse" captained by Maxence Gilet. A former groom; bornabout 1767; short, thickset, wife-led, one-eyed. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

COGNET (Madame), known as Mother Cognet, wife of the preceding; bornabout 1783. A retired cook of a good house, who on account of her"Cordon bleu" talents, was chosen to be the Leonarde of the Orderwhich had Maxence Gilet for chief. A tall, swarthy woman ofintelligent and pleasant demeanor. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

COINTET (Boniface), and his brother Jean, ran a thrivingprinting-office at Angouleme during the Restoration. He ruined DavidSechard's shop by methods hardly honorable. Boniface Cointet was olderthan Jean, and was usually called Cointet the Great. He put on thedevout. Extremely wealthy, he became deputy, was made a peer of Franceand Minister of Commerce in Louis Philippe's coalition ministry. In1842 he married Mlle. Popinot, daughter of Anselme Popinot. [LostIllusions. The Firm of Nucingen. ] On May, 1839, he presided at thesitting of the Chamber of Deputies when the election of Sallenauve wasratified. [The Member for Arcis. ]

COINTET (Jean), younger brother of the preceding; known as "Fatty"Cointet; was foreman of the printing-office, while his brother ran thebusiness end. Jean Cointet passed for a good fellow and acted thegenerous part. [Lost Illusions. ]

COLAS (Jacques), a consumptive child of a village near Grenoble, whowas attended by Dr. Benassis. His passion was singing, for which hehad a very pure voice. Lived with his mother who was poverty-stricken. Died in the latter part of 1829 at the age of fifteen, shortly afterthe death of his benefactor, the physician. A nephew of Moreau, theold laborer. [The Country Doctor. ]

COLLEVILLE, son of a talented musician, once leading violin of theOpera under Francoeur and Rebel. He himself was first clarionet at theOpera-Comique, and at the same time chief clerk under the Minister ofFinance, and, in additon, book-keeper for a merchant from seven tonine in the mornings. Great on anagrams. Made deputy-chief clerk inBaudoyer's bureau when the latter was promoted to division chief. Hewas preceptor at Paris six months later. In 1832 he became secretaryto the mayor of the twelfth Arrondissement and officer of the Legionof Honor. At that time Colleville lived with his wife and family onrue d'Enfer. He was Thuillier's most intimate friend. [The GovernmentClerks. The Middle Classes. ]

COLLEVILLE (Flavie Minoret, Madame), born in 1798; wife of thepreceding; daughter of a celebrated dancer and, supposedly, of M. DuBourguier. She made a love match and between 1816 and 1826 bore fivechildren, each of whom resembled and may actually have had a differentfather: 1st. A daughter born in 1816, who favored Colleville. 2d. Ason, Charles, cut out for a soldier, born during his mother'sacquaintance with Charles de Gondreville, under-lieutenant of thedragoons of Saint-Chamans. 3d. A son, Francois, destined for business, born during Mme. Colleville's intimacy with Francois Keller, thebanker. 4th. A daughter, Celeste born in 1821, of whom Thuillier, Colleville's best friend, was the godfather--and father _in partibus_. (See Phellion, Mme. Felix. ) 5th. A son, Theodore, or Anatole, born ata period of religious zeal. Madame Colleville was a Parisian, piquant, winning and pretty, as well as clever and ethereal. She made herhusband very happy. He owed all his advancement to her. In theinterests of their ambition she granted momentary favor to Chardin desLupeaulx, the Secretary-General. On Wednesdays she was at home toartists and distinguished people. [The Government Clerks. CousinBetty. The Middle Classes. ]

COLLIN (Jacques), born in 1779. Reared by the Fathers of the Oratory. He went as far as rhetoric, at school, and was then put in a bank byhis aunt, Jacqueline Collin. Accused, however, of a crime probablycommitted by Franchessini, he fled the country. Later he was sent tothe galleys where he remained from 1810 to 1815, when he escaped andcame to Paris, stopping under the name of Vautrin at the Vauquerpension. There he knew Rastignac, then a young man, became interestedin him, and tried to bring about his marriage with VictorineTaillefer, for whom he procured a rich dowry by causing her brother tobe slain in a duel with Franchessini. Bibi-Lupin, chief of secretpolice, arrested him in 1819 and returned him to the bagne, whence heescaped again in 1820, reappearing in Paris as Carlos Herrera, honorary canon of the Chapter of Toledo. At this time he rescuedLucien de Rubempre from suicide, and took charge of the young poet. Accused, with the latter, of having murdered Esther Gobseck, who intruth was poisoned, Jacques Collin was acquitted of this charge, andended by becoming chief of secret police under the name ofSaint-Esteve, in 1830. He held this position till 1845. He finallybecame wealthy, having an income of twelve thousand francs, threehundred thousand francs inherited from Lucien de Rubempre, and theprofits of a green-leather manufactory at Gentilly. [Father Goriot. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. The Member for Arcis. ] In addition to the pseudonymof M. Jules, under which he was known by Catherine Goussard, JacquesCollin also took for a time the English name of William Barker, creditor for Georges d'Estourny. Under this name he hoodwinked thecunning Cerizet, inducing that "man of business" to endorse some notesfor him. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] He was also nick-named"Trompe-la-Mort. "

COLLIN, (Jacqueline), aunt of Jacques Collin, whom she had reared;born at Java. In her youth she was Marat's mistress, and afterwardshad relations with the chemist, Duvignon, who was condemned to deathfor counterfeiting in 1799. During this intimacy she attained adangerous knowledge of toxicology. From 1800 to 1805 she was aclothing dealer; and from 1806 to 1808 she spent two years in prisonfor having influenced minors. From 1824 to 1830 Mlle. Collin exerted astrong influence over Jacques, alias Vautrin, toward his life ofadventure without the pale of the law. Her strong point was disguises. In 1839 she ran a matrimonial bureau on rue de Provence, under thename of Mme. De Saint-Esteve. She often borrowed the name of herfriend Mme. Nourrisson, who, during the time of Louis Philippe, made apretence of business more or less dubious on rue Neuve-Saint-Marc. Shehad some dealings with Victorin Hulot, at whose instance she broughtabout the overthrow of Mme. Marneffe, mistress, and afterwards wife, of Crevel. Under the name of Asie, Jacqueline Collin made an excellentcook for Esther Gobseck, whom she was ordered by Vautrin to watch. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Cousin Betty. The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

COLLINET, grocer at Arcis-sur-Aube, time of Louis Philippe. Electorfor the Liberals headed by Colonel Giguet. [The Member for Arcis. ]

COLLINET (Francois-Joseph), merchant of Nantes. In 1814 the politicalchanges brought about his business failure. He went to America, returning in 1824 enriched, and re-established. He had caused the lossof twenty-four thousand francs to M. And Mme. Lorrain, small retailersof Pen-Hoel, and father and mother of Major Lorrain. But, on hisreturn to France, he restored to Mme. Lorrain, then a widow and almosta septuagenarian, forty-two thousand francs, being capital andinterest of his indebtedness to her. [Pierrette. ]

COLONNA, aged Italian at Genoa, during the later part of theeighteenth century. He had reared Luigia Porta under the name ofColonna and as his own son, from the age of six until the time whenthe young man enlisted in the French army. [The Vendetta. ]

COLOQUINTE, given name of a pensioner who was "office boy" in Finot'snewspaper office in 1820. He had been through the Egyptian campaign, losing an arm at the Battle of Montmirail. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

COLORAT (Jerome), estate-keeper for Mme. Graslin at Montegnac; born atLimoges. Retired soldier of the Empire; ex-sergeant in the RoyalGuard; at one time estate-keeper for M. De Navarreins, before enteringMme. Graslin's service. [The Country Parson. ]

CONSTANCE, chambermaid for Mme. De Restaud in 1819. Through her oldGoriot knew about everything that was going on at the home of hiselder daughter. This Constance, sometimes called Victorie, took moneyto her mistress when the latter needed it. [Father Goriot. ]

CONSTANT DE REBECQUE (Benjamin), born at Lausanne in 1767, died atParis, December 8, 1830. About the end of 1821 he is discovered inDauriat's book-shop at Palais-Royal, where Lucien de Rubempre noticedhis splendid head and spiritual eyes. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

CONTI (Gennaro), musical composer; of Neapolitan origin, but born atMarseilles. Lover of Mlle. Des Touches--Camille Maupin--in 1821-1822. Afterwards he paid court to Marquise Beatrix de Rochefide. [LostIllusions. Beatrix. ]

CONYNCKS, family of Bruges, who were maternal ancestors of MargueriteClaes. In 1812 this young girl at sixteen was the living image of aConyncks, her grandmother whose portrait hung in Balthazar Claes'home. A Conyncks, also of Bruges but later established at Cambrai, wasgranduncle of the children of Balthazar Claes, and was appointed theirvice-guardian after the death of Mme. Claes. He had a daughter whomarried Gabriel Claes. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

COQUELIN (Monsieur and Madame), hardware dealers, successors toClaude-Joseph Pillerault in a store on quai de la Ferraille, sign ofthe Golden Bell. Guests at the big ball given by Cesar Birotteau. After getting the invitation, Mme. Coquelin ordered a magnificent gownfor the occasion. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

COQUET, chief of bureau to the Minister of War, in Lebrun's divisionin 1838. Marneffe was his successor. Coquet had been in the service ofthe administration since 1809, and had given perfect satisfaction. Hewas a married man and his wife was still living at the time when hewas displaced. [Cousin Betty. ]

CORALIE (Mademoiselle), actress at the Panorama-Dramatique and at theTheatre du Gymnase, Paris, time of Louis XVIII. Born in 1803 andbrought up a Catholic, she was nevertheless of distinct Jewish type. She died in August, 1822. Her mother sold her at fifteen to youngHenri de Marsay, whom she abhorred and who soon deserted her. She wasthen maintained by Camusot, who was not obnoxious. She fell in lovewith Lucien de Rubempre at first sight, surrendering to himimmediately and being faithful to him until her dying breath. Theglory and downfall of Coralie dated from this love. An originalcriticism of the young Chardon established the success of "L'Alcadedans l'Embarras, " at the Marais, and brought to Coralie, one of theprincipals in the play, an engagement at Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, with a salary of twelve thousand francs. But here the artist stranded, the victim of a cabal, despite the protection of Camille Maupin. Atfirst she was housed on rue de Vendome, afterwards in a more modestlodging where she died, attended and nursed by her cousin, Berenice. She had sold her elegant furniture to Cardot, Sr. , on leaving theapartment on rue de Vendome, and in order to avoid moving it, heinstalled Florentine there. Coralie was the rival of Mme. Perrin andof Mlle. Fleuriet, whom she resembled and whose destiny should havebeen her own. The funeral service of Coralie took place at noon in thelittle church of Notre-Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle. Camusot promised topurchase a plot of ground for her in the cemetery of Pere-Lachaise. [AStart in Life. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

CORBIGNY (De), prefect of Loire-et-Cher, in 1811. Friend of Mme. DeStael who authorized him to place Louis Lambert, at her expense, inthe College of Vendome. He probably died in 1812. [Louis Lambert. ]

CORBINET, notary at Soulanges, Burgundy, in 1823, and at one time anold patron of Sibilet's. The Gravelots, lumber dealers, were clientsof his. Commissioned with the sale of Aigues, when General deMontcornet became wearied with developing his property. At one timeknown as Corbineau. [The Peasantry. ]

CORBINET, court-judge at Ville-aux-Fayes in 1823; son of Corbinet thenotary. He belonged, body and soul, to Gaubertin, the all-powerfulmayor of the town. [The Peasantry. ]

CORBINET, retired captain, postal director at Ville-aux-Fayes in 1823;brother of Corbinet, the notary. The last daughter of Sibilet, thecopy-clerk, was engaged to him when she was sixteen. [The Peasantry. ]

CORENTIN, born at Vendome in 1777; a police-agent of great genius, trained by Peyrade as Louis David was by Vien. A favorite of Fouche'sand probably his natural son. In 1799 he accompanied Mlle. De Verneuilsent to lure and betray Alphonse de Montauran, the young chief of theBretons who were risen against the Republic. For two years Corentinwas attached to this strange girl as a serpent to a tree. [TheChouans. ] In 1803 he and his chief, Peyrade, were entrusted with adifficult mission in the department of Aube, where he had to searchthe home of Mlle. De Cinq-Cygne. She surprised him at the moment whenhe was forcing open a casket, and struck him a blow with her ridingwhip. This he avenged cruelly, involving, despite their innocence, theHauteserres and the Simeuses, friends and cousins of the young girl. This was during the affair of the abduction of Senator Malin. Aboutthe same time he concluded another delicate mission to Berlin to thesatisfaction of Talleyrand, the Minister of Foreign Affairs. [TheGondreville Mystery. ] From 1824 to 1830, Corentin was pitted againstthe terrible Jacques Collin, alias Vautrin, whose friendly plans inbehalf of Lucien de Rubempre he thwarted so cruelly. Corentin it waswho rendered futile the contemplated marriage of the aspirant withClotilde de Grandlieu, bringing about as a consequence the absoluteruin of the "distinguished provincial at Paris. " He rusticated atPassy, rue des Vignes, about May, 1830. Under Charles X. , Corentin waschief of the political police of the chateau. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ] For more than thirty years he lived on rueHonore-Chevalier under the name of M. Du Portail. He sheltered Lydie, daughter of his friend, Peyrade, after the death of the oldpolice-agent. About 1840 he brought about her marriage with Theodose dela Peyrade, nephew of Peyrade, after having upset the plans of the veryastute young man, greatly in love with Celeste Colleville's dowry. Corentin--M. Du Portail--then installed the chosen husband of hisadopted child into his own high official duties. [The Middle Classes. ]

CORMON (Rose-Marie-Victoire). (See Bousquier, Madame du. )

CORNEVIN, an old native of Perche; foster-father of Olympe Michaud. Hewas with the Chouans in 1794 and 1799. In 1823 he was servant atMichaud's. [The Peasantry. ]

CORNOILLER (Antoine), game-keeper at Saumur; married the sturdy Nanonthen fifty-nine years old, after the death of Grandet, about 1827, andbecame general overseer of lands and properties of Eugenie Grandet. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

CORNOILLER (Madame). (See Nanon. )

COTTEREAU, well-known smuggler, one of the heads of the Bretoninsurrection. In 1799 he was principal in a rather stormy scene at theVivetiere, when he threatened the Marquis de Montauran with swearingallegiance to the First Consul if he did not immediately obtainnoteworthy advantages in payment of seven years of devoted service to"the good cause. " "My men and I have a devilish importunate creditor, "said he, slapping his stomach. One of the brothers of Jean Cottereau, was nick-named the "Chouan, " a title used by all the Western rebelsagainst the Republic. [The Chouans. ]

COTTIN (Marechal), Prince of Wissembourg; Duke of Orfano; old soldierof the Republic and the Empire; Minister of War in 1841; born in 1771. He was obliged to bring great shame upon his old friend andcompanion-in-arms, Marshal Hulot, by advising him of the swindling ofthe commissariat, Hulot d'Ervy. Marshal Cottin and Nucingen werewitnesses at the wedding of Hortense Hulot and Wenceslas Steinbock. [Cousin Betty. ]

COTTIN (Francine), a Breton woman, probably born at Fougeres in 1773;chambermaid and confidante of Mlle. De Verneuil, who had been rearedby Francine's parents. Childhood's friend of Marche-a-Terre, with whomshe used her influence to save the life of her mistress during themassacre of the "Blues" at the Vivitiere in 1799. [The Chouans. ]

COUDRAI (Du), register of mortgages at Alencon, time of Louis XVIII. Acaller at the home of Mlle. Cormon, and afterwards at that of M. DuBousquier, who married "the old maid. " One of the town's mostopen-hearted men; his only faults were having married a rich old ladywho was unendurable, and the habit of making villainous puns at whichhe was first to laugh. In 1824 M. Du Coudrai was poverty-stricken; hehad lost his place on account of voting the wrong way. [Jealousies ofa Country Town. ]

COUPIAU, Breton courier from Mayenne to Fougeres in 1799. In thestruggle between the "Blues" and the Chouans he took no part, butacted as circumstances demanded and for his own interests. Indeed heoffered no resistance when the "Brigands" stole the government chests. Coupiau was nick-named Mene-a-Bien by Marche-a-Terre the Chouan. [TheChouans. ]

COUPIAU (Sulpice), Chouan and probably the father of Coupiau themessenger. Killed in 1799 in the battle of La Pelerine or at the seigeof Fougeres. [The Chouans. ]

COURAND (Jenny), florist; mistress of Felix Gaudissart in 1831. Atthat time she lived in Paris on rue d'Artois. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

COURCEUIL (Felix), of Alencon, retired army surgeon of the Rebelforces of the Vendee. In 1809 he furnished arms to the "Brigands. "Involved in the trial known as "Chauffeurs of Mortagne. " Condemned todeath for contumacy. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

COURNANT, notary at Provins in 1827; rival of Auffray, the notary; ofthe Opposition; one of the few public-spirited men of the little town. [Pierrette. ]

COURTECUISSE, game-keeper of the Aigues estate in Burgundy under theEmpire and Restoration until 1823. Born about 1777; at first in theservice of Mlle. Laguerre; discharged by General de Montcornet forabsolute incapacity, and replaced by keepers who were trusty and true. Courtecuisse was a little fellow with a face like a full moon. He wasnever so happy as when idle. On leaving he demanded a sum of elevenhundred francs which was not due him. His master indignantly deniedhis claim at first, but yielded the point, however, on beingthreatened with a lawsuit, the scandal of which he wished to avoid. Courtecuisse, out of a job, purchased from Rigou for two thousandfrancs the little property of La Bachelerie, enclosed in the Aiguesestate, and wearied himself, without gain, in the management of hisland. He had a daughter who was tolerably pretty and eighteen yearsold in 1823. At this time she was in the service of Mme. Mariotte theelder, at Auxerre. Courtecuisse was given the sobriquet of"Courtebotte"--short-boot. [The Peasantry. ]

COURTECUISSE (Madame), wife of the preceding; in abject fear of themiser, Gregoire Rigou, mayor of Blangy, Burgundy. [The Peasantry. ]

COURTEVILLE (Madame de), cousin of Comte de Bauvan on the maternalside; widow of a judge of the Seine Court. She had a very beautifuldaughter, Amelie, whom the comte wished to marry to his secretary, Maurice de l'Hostal. [Honorine. ]

COURTOIS, Marsac miller, near Angouleme during the Restoration. In1821 rumor had it that he intended to wed a miller's widow, hispatroness, who was thirty-two years old. She had one hundred thousandfrancs in her own right. David Sechard was advised by his father toask the hand of this rich widow. At the end of 1822 Courtois, nowmarried, sheltered Lucien de Rubempre, returning almost dead fromParis. [Lost Illusions. ]

COURTOIS (Madame), wife of the preceding, who cared sympatheticallyfor Lucien de Rubempre, on his return. [Lost Illusions. ]

COUSSARD (Laurent). (See Goussard, Laurent. )

COUTELIER, a creditor of Maxime de Trailles. The Coutelier credit, purchased for five hundred francs by the Claparon-Cerizet firm, cameto thirty-two hundred francs, seventy-five centimes, capital, interestand costs. It was recovered by Cerizet by means of a strategy worthyof a Scapin. [A Man of Business. ]

COUTURE, a kind of financier-journalist of an equivocal reputation;born about 1797. One of Mme. Schontz's earliest friends; and she aloneremained faithful to him when he was ruined by the downfall of theministry of March 1st, 1840. Couture was always welcome at the home ofthe courtesan, who dreamed, perhaps, of making him her husband. But hepresented Fabien du Ronceret to her and the "lorette" married him. In1836, in company with Finot and Blondet, he was present in a privateroom of a well-known restaurant when Jean-Jacques Bixiou related theorigin of the Nucingen fortune. At the time of his transient wealthCouture splendidly maintained Jenny Cadine. At one time he wascelebrated for his waistcoats. He had no known relationship with thewidow Couture. [Beatrix. The Firm of Nucingen. ] The financier drewupon himself the hatred of Cerizet for having deceived him in a dealabout the purchase of lands and houses situated in the suburbs of theMadeleine, an affair in which Jerome Thuillier was afterwardsconcerned. [The Middle Classes. ]

COUTURE (Madame), widow of an ordonnance-commissary of the FrenchRepublic. Relative and protectress of Mlle. Victorine Taillefer withwhom she lived at the Vauquer pension, in 1819. [Father Goriot. ]

COUTURIER (Abbe), curate of Saint-Leonard church at Alencon, time ofLouis XVIII. Spiritual adviser of Mlle. Cormon, remaining herconfessor after her marriage with Du Bousquier, and influencing her inthe way of excessive penances. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

CREMIERE, tax-collector at Nemours during the Restoration. Nephew bymarriage of Dr. Minoret, who had secured the position for him, furnishing his security. One of the three collateral heirs of the oldphysician, the two others being Minoret-Levrault, the postmaster, andMassin-Levrault, copy-clerk to the justice of the peace. In thecurious branching of these four Gatinais bourgeois families--theMinorets, the Massins, the Levraults and the Cremieres--the taxcollector belonged to the Cremiere-Cremiere branch. He had severalchildren, among others a daughter named Angelique. After theRevolution of July, 1830, he became municipal councillor. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

CREMIERE (Madame), nee Massin-Massin, wife of the tax-collector, andniece of Dr. Minoret--that is, daughter of the old physician's sister. A stout woman with a muddy blonde complexion splotched with freckles. Passed for an educated person on account of her novel-reading. Her_lapsi linguoe_ were maliciously spread abroad by Goupil, the notary'sclerk, who labelled them, "Capsulinguettes"; indeed, Mme. Cremierethus translated the two Latin words. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

CREMIERE-DIONIS, always called Dionis, which name see. 

CREVEL (Celestin), born between 1786 and 1788; clerked for CesarBirotteau the perfumer--first as second clerk, then as head-clerk whenPopinot left the house to set up in business for himself. After hispatron's failure in 1819, he purchased for five thousand seven hundredfrancs, "The Queen of Roses, " making his own fortune thereby. Duringthe reign of Louis Philippe he lived on his income. Captain, thenchief of battalion in the National Guard; officer of the Legion ofHonor; mayor of one of the arrondissements of Paris, he ended up bybeing a very great personage. He had married the daughter of a farmerof Brie; became a widower in 1833, when he gave himself over to a lifeof pleasure. He maintained Josepha, who was taken away from him by hisfriend, Baron Hulot. To avenge himself he tried to win Mme. Hulot. He"protected" Heloise Brisetout. Finally he was smitten with Mme. Marneffe, whom he had for mistress and afterwards married when shebecame a widow in 1843. In May of this same year, Crevel and his wifedied of a horrible disease which had been communicated to Valerie by anegro belonging to Montes the Brazilian. In 1838 Crevel lived on ruedes Saussaies; at the same time he owned a little house on rue duDauphin, where he had prepared a secret chamber for Mme. Marneffe;this last house he leased to Maxime de Trailles. Besides these Crevelowned: a house on rue Barbet de Jouy; the Presles property bought ofMme. De Serizy at a cost of three million francs. He caused himself tobe made a member of the General Council of Seine-et-Oise. By his firstmarriage he had an only daughter, Celestine, who married VictorinHulot. [Cesar Birotteau. Cousin Betty. ] In 1844-1845 Crevel owned ashare in the management of the theatre directed by Gaudissart. [CousinPons. ]

CREVEL (Celestine), only child of the first marriage of the preceding. (See Hulot, Mme. Victorin. )

CREVEL (Madame Celestin), born Valerie Fortin in 1815; naturaldaughter of the Comte de Montcornet, marshal of France; married, firstMarneffe, an employe in the War Office, with whom she broke faith byagreement with the clerk; and second, Celestin Crevel. She boreMarneffe a child, a stunted, scrawny urchin named Stanislas. Anintimate friend of Lisbeth Fischer who utilized Valerie's irresistibleattractions for the satisfying of her hatred towards her richrelatives. At this time Mme. Marneffe belonged jointly to Marneffe, tothe Brazilian Montes, to Steinbock the Pole, to Celestin Crevel and toBaron Hulot. Each of these she held responsible for a child born in1841, and which died on coming into the world. By prearrangement, shewas surprised with Hulot by the police-commissioners, during thisperiod, in Crevel's cottage on rue du Dauphin. After having lived withMarneffe on rue du Doyenne in the house occuped by Lisbeth Fischer--"Cousin Betty"--she was installed by Baron Hulot on rue Vaneau; thenby Crevel in a mansion on rue Barbet-de-Jouy. She died in 1843, twodays prior to Celestin. She perished while trying to "cajole God"--touse her own expression. She bequeathed, as a restitution, 300, 000francs to Hector Hulot. Valerie Marneffe did not lack spirit. ClaudeVignon, the great critic, especially appreciated this woman'sintellectual depravity. [Cousin Betty. ]

CROCHARD, Opera dancer in the second half of the eighteenth century. Director of theatrical evolutions. He commanded a band of assailantsupon the Bastile, July 14, 1789; became an officer, a colonel, dyingof wounds received at Lutzen, May 2, 1813. [A Second Home. ]

CROCHARD (Madame), widow of the preceding. Before the Revolution shehad sung with her husband in the chorus. In 1815 she lived wretchedlywith her daughter Caroline, following the embroiderer's trade, in ahouse on rue du Tourniquet-Saint-Jean, which belonged to Molineux. Wishing to find a protector for her daughter, Caroline, Mme. Crochardfavored the attentions of the Comte de Granville. He rewarded her witha life-annuity of three thousand francs. She died, in 1822, in acomfortable lodging on rue Saint-Louis at Marais. She constantly woreon her breast the cross of chevalier of the Legion of Honor conferredon her husband by the Emperor. The widow Crochard, watched by an eagercircle, received, at her last moments, a visit from Abbe Fontanon, confessor of the Comtesse de Granville, and was greatly troubled bythe prelate's proceedings. [A Second Home. ]

CROCHARD (Caroline), daughter of the proceding; born in 1797. Forseveral years during the Restoration she was the mistress of Comte deGranville; at that time she was known as Mlle. De Bellefeuille, fromthe name of a small piece of property at Gatinais given to the youngwoman by an uncle of the comte who had taken a liking to her. Herlover installed her in an elegant apartment on rue Taitbout, whereEsther Gobseck afterwards lived. Caroline Crochard abandoned M. DeGranville and a good position for a needy young fellow named Solvet, who ran through with all her property. Sick and poverty-stricken in1833, she lived in a wretched two-story house on rue Gaillon. She gavethe Comte de Granville a son, Charles, and a daughter, Eugenie. [ASecond Home. ]

CROCHARD (Charles), illegitimate child of Comte de Granville andCaroline Crochard. In 1833 he was apprehended for a considerabletheft, when he appealed to his father through the agency of Eugene deGranville, his half-brother. The comte gave the latter money enough toclear up the miserable business, if such were possible. [A SecondHome. ] The theft in question was committed at the home of Mlle. Beaumesnil. He carried off her diamonds. [The Middle Classes. ]

CROISIER (Du). (See Bousquier, Du. )

CROIZEAU, former coachmaker to Bonaparte's Imperial court; had anincome of about forty thousand francs; lived on rue Buffault; awidower without children. He was a constant visitor at AntoniaChocardelle's reading-room on rue Coquenard, time of Louis Philippe, and he offered to marry the "charming woman. " [A Man of Business. ]

CROTTAT (Monsieur and Madame), retired farmers; parents of the notaryCrottat, assassinated by some thieves, among them being the notoriousDannepont, alias La Pouraille. The trial of this crime was called inMay, 1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] They were well-to-do folkand, according to Cesar Birotteau who knew them, old man Crottat wasas "close as a snail. " [Cesar Birotteau. ]

CROTTAT (Alexandre), head-clerk of Maitre Roguin, and his successor in1819, after the flight of the notary. He married the daughter ofLourdois, the painting-contractor. Cesar Birotteau thought for a timeof making him his son-in-law. He called him, familiarly, "Xandrot. "Alexandre Crottat was a guest at the famous ball given by the perfumerin December, 1818. He was in friendly relations with Derville, theattorney, who commissioned him with a sort of half-pay for ColonelChabert. He was also Comtesse Ferraud's notary at this time. [CesarBirotteau. Colonel Chabert. ] In 1822 he was notary to Comte de Serizy. [A Start in Life. ] He was also notary to Charles de Vandenesse; andone evening, at the home of the marquis, he made some awkwardallusions which undoubtedly recalled unpleasant memories to his clientand Mme. D'Aiglemont. Upon his return home he narrated the particularsto his wife, who chided him sharply. [A Woman of Thirty. ] AlexandreCrottat and Leopold Hannequin signed the will dictated by Sylvain Ponson his death-bed. [Cousin Pons. ]

CRUCHOT (Abbe), priest of Saumur; dignitary of the Chapter ofSaint-Martin of Tours; brother of Cruchot, the notary; uncle ofPresident Cruchot de Bonfons; the Talleyrand of his family; after muchangling he induced Eugenie Grandet to wed the president in 1827. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

CRUCHOT, notary at Saumur during the Restoration; brother of AbbeCruchot; uncle of President Cruchot de Bonfons. He as well as theprelate was much concerned with making the match between his nephewand Eugenie Grandet. The young girl's father entrusted M. Cruchot withhis usurious dealings and probably with all his money matters. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

CURIEUX (Catherine). (See Farrabesche, Madame. )

CYDALISE, magnificent woman of Valognes, Normandy, who launched out inParis in 1840 to make capital out of her beauty. Born in 1824, she wasthen only sixteen. She served as an instrument for Montes theBrazilian who, in order to avenge himself on Mme. Marneffe--now Mme. Crevel--inoculated the young girl with a terrible disease through oneof his negroes. He in turn obtained it from Cydalise and transmittedit to the faithless Valerie who died as also did her husband. Cydaliseprobably accompanied Montes to Brazil, the only place where thishorrible ailment is curable. [Cousin Betty. ]

 D

DALLOT, mason in the suburbs of l'Isle-Adam in the early days of theRestoration, who was to marry a peasant woman of small wit namedGenevieve. After having courted her for the sake of her littleproperty, he deserted her for a woman of more means and also of asharper intelligence. This separation was so cruel a blow to Genevievethat she became idiotic. [Farewell. ]

DANNEPONT, alias La Pouraille, one of the assassins of M. And Mme. Crottat. Imprisoned for his crime in 1830 at the Conciergerie, andunder sentence of capital punishment; an escaped convict who had beensought on account of other crimes by the police for five years past. Born about 1785 and sent to the galleys at the age of nineteen. Therehe had known Jacques Collin--Vautrin. Riganson, Selerier and he formeda sort of triumvirate. A short, skinny, dried-up fellow with a facelike a marten. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

DAUPHIN, pastry-cook of Arcis-sur-Aube; well-known Republican. In1830, in an electoral caucus, he questioned Sallenauve, a candidatefor deputy, about Danton. [The Member for Arcis. ]

DAURIAT, editor and bookman of Paris, on Palais-Royale, Galleries deBois during the Restoration. He purchased for three thousand francs acollection of sonnets "Marguerites" from Lucien de Rubempre, who hadscored a book of Nathan's. But he did not publish the sonnets until along time afterwards, and with a success that the author declared tobe posthumous. Dauriat's shop was the rendezvous of writers andpoliticians of note at this time. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Dauriat, who was Canalis'publisher, was asked in 1829 by Modeste Mignon for personalinformation concerning the poet, to which he made a rather ironicalreply. In speaking of celebrated authors Dauriat was wont to say, "Ihave made Canalis. I have made Nathan. " [Modeste Mignon. ]

DAVID (Madame), woman living in the outskirts of Brives, who died offright on account of the Chauffeurs, time of the Directory. [TheCountry Parson. ]

DELBECQ, secretary and steward of Comte Ferraud during theRestoration. Retired attorney. A capable, ambitious man in the serviceof the countess, whom he aided to rid herself of Colonel Chabert whenthat officer claimed his former wife. [Colonel Chabert. ]

DENISART, name assumed by Cerizet. 

DERVILLE, attorney at Paris, rue Vivienne, from 1819 to 1840. Born in1794, the seventh child of an insignificant bourgeois of Noyon. In1816 he was only second clerk and dwelt on rue des Gres, having for aneighbor the well-known usurer Gobseck, who later advanced him onehundred and fifty thousand francs at 15 per cent. , with which hepurchased the practice of his patron, a man of pleasure now somewhatshort of funds. Through Gobseck he met his future wife, Jenny Malvaut;through the same man he learned the Restaud secrets. In the winter of1829-1830 he told of their troubles to the Vicomtesse de Grandlieu. Derville had re-established the fortune of the feminine representativeof the Grandlieu's younger branch, at the time of the Bourbon'sre-entry, and therefore was on a friendly footing at her home. [Gobseck. ] He had been a clerk at Bordin's. [A Start in Life. TheGondreville Mystery. ] He was attorney for Colonel Chabert who soughthis conjugal rights with Comtesse Ferraud. He became keenly interestedin the old officer, aiding him and being greatly grieved when, someyears later, he found him plunged into idiocy in the Bicetre hospital. [Colonel Chabert. ] Derville was also attorney for Comte de Serizy, Mme. De Nucingen and the Ducs de Grandlieu and de Chaulieu, whoseentire confidence he possessed. In 1830, under the name of Saint-Denis, he and Corentin inquired of the Sechards at Angouleme concerning thereal resources of Lucien de Rubempre. [Father Goriot. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

DERVILLE (Madame), born Jenny Malvaut; wife of Derville the attorney;young Parisian girl, though born in the country. In 1826 she livedalone, but maintaining a virtuous life, supported by her work. She wason the fifth floor of a gloomy house on rue Montmartre, where Gobseckhad called to collect a note signed by her. He pointed her out toDerville, who married her without a dowry. Later she inherited from anuncle, a farmer who had become wealthy, seventy thousand francs withwhich she aided her husband to cancel his debt with Gobseck. [Gobseck. ] Being anxious for an invitation to the ball given byBirotteau, she paid a rather unexpected visit to the perfumer's wife. She made much of the latter and of Mlle. Birotteau, and was invitedwith her husband to the festivities. It appears that some years beforeher marriage she had worked as dressmaker for the Birotteaus. [CesarBirotteau. ]

DESCOINGS (Monsieur and Madame), father-in-law and mother-in-law ofDr. Rouget of Issoudun. Dealers in wool, acting as selling agents forowners, and buying agents for fleece merchants of Berry. They alsobought state lands. Rich and miserly. Died during the Republic withintwo years of each other and before 1799. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

DESCOINGS, son of the preceding; younger brother of Mme. Rouget, thedoctor's wife; grocer at Paris, on rue Saint-Honore, not far fromRobespierre's quarters. Descoings had married for love the widow ofBixiou, his predecessor. She was twelve years his senior but wellpreserved and "plump as a thrush after harvest. " Accused offoreclosing, he was sent to the scaffold, in company with AndreChenier, on the seventh Thermidor of year 2, July 25, 1794. The deathof the grocer caused a greater sensation than did that of the poet. Cesar Birotteau moved the plant of the perfumery "Queen of Roses" intoDescoings' shop around 1800. The successor of the executed man managedhis business badly; the inventor of the the "Eau Carminative" wentbankrupt. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

DESCOINGS (Madame), born in 1744; widow of two husbands, Bixiou andDescoings, the latter succeeding the former in the grocer shop on rueSaint-Honore, Paris. Grandmother of Jean-Jacques Bixiou, thecartoonist. After the death of M. Bridau, chief of division in theDepartment of the Interior, Mme. Descoings, now a widow, came in 1819to live with her niece, the widow Bridau, nee Agathe Rouget, bringingto the common fund an income of six thousand francs. An excellentwoman, known in her day as "the pretty grocer. " She ran the household, but had likewise a decided mania for lottery, and always for the samenumbers; she "nursed a trey. " She ended by ruining her niece who hadblindly entrusted her interests to her, but Mme. Descoings repaid forher foolish doings by an absolute devotion, --all the while continuingto place her money on the evasive combinations. One day her hoardingswere stolen from her mattress by Philippe Bridau. On this account shewas unable to renew her lottery tickets. Then it was that the famoustrey turned up. Madame Descoings died of grief, December 31, 1821. Hadit not been for the theft she would have become a millionaire. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

DESFONDRILLES, substitute judge at Provins during the Restoration;made president of the court of that town, time of Louis Philippe. Anold fellow more archaeologist than judge, who found delight in thepetty squabbles under his eyes. He forsook Tiphaine's party for theLiberals headed by lawyer Vinet. [Pierrette. ]

DESLANDES, surgeon of Azay-le-Rideau in 1817. Called in to bleed Mme. De Mortsauf, whose life was saved by this operation. [The Lily of theValley. ]

DESMARETS (Jules), Parisian stock-broker under the Restoration. Hardworking and upright, being reared in sternness and poverty. Whenonly a clerk he fell in love with a charming young girl met at hispatron's home, and he married her despite the irregularity connectedwith her birth. With the money he obtained by his wife's mother he wasable to purchase the position of the stock-broker for whom he hadclerked; and for several years he was very happy in a mutual love anda liberal competence--an income of two hundred and fifty thousandfrancs. In 1820 he and his wife lived in a large mansion on rueMenars. In the early years of his wedded life he killed in a duel--though unknown to his wife--a man who had vilified Mme. Desmarets. The flawless happiness which abode with this well-mated couple was cutshort by the death of the wife, mortally wounded by a doubt, held fora moment only by her husband, concerning her faithfulness. Desmarets, bereaved, sold his place to Martin Falleix's brother and left Paris indespair. [The Thirteen. ] M. And Mme. Desmarets were invited to thefamous ball given by Cesar Birotteau in 1818. After the bankruptcy ofthe perfumer, the broker kindly gave him useful tips about placingfunds laboriously scraped together towards the complete reimbursing ofthe creditors. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

DESMARETS (Madame Jules), wife of the preceding; natural daughter ofBourignard alias Ferragus, and of a married woman who passed for hergodmother. She had no civil status, but when she married JulesDesmarets her name, Clemence, and her age were publicly announced. Despite herself, Mme. Desmarets was loved by a young officer of theRoyal Guard, Auguste de Maulincour. Mme. Desmaret's secret visits toher father, a man of mystery, unknown to her husband, caused thedownfall of their absolute happiness. Desmarets thought himselfdeceived, and she died on account of his suspicions, in 1820 or 1821. The remains of Clemence were placed at first in Pere Lachaise, butafterwards were disinterred, incinerated and sent to Jules Desmaretsby Bourignard, assisted by twelve friends who thus thought to dull theedge of the keenest of conjugal sorrows. [The Thirteen. ] M. And Mme. Desmarets were often alluded to as M. And Mme. Jules. At the ballgiven by Cesar Birotteau, Mme. Desmarets shone as the most beautifulwoman, according to the perfumer's wife herself. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

DESMARETS, Parisian notary during the Restoration; elder brother ofthe broker, Jules Desmarets. The notary was set up in business by hisyounger brother and grew rich rapidly. He received his brother's will. He accompanied him to Mme. Desmarets' funeral. [The Thirteen. ]

DESPLEIN, famous surgeon of Paris, born about the middle of theeighteenth century. Sprung of a poor provincial family, he spent ayouth full of suffering, being enabled to pass his examinations onlythrough assistance rendered him by his neighbor in poverty, Bourgeatthe water-carrier. For two years he lived with him on the sixth floorof a wretched house on rue des Quatre-Vents, where later wasestablished the "Cenacle" with Daniel d'Arthez as host--on whichaccount the house came to be spoken of as the "bowl for great men. "Desplein, evicted by his landlord whom he could not pay, lodged nextwith his friend the Auvergnat in the Court de Rohan, Passage duCommerce. Afterwards, when an "intern" at Hotel-Dieu, he rememberedthe good deeds of Bourgeat, nursed him as a devoted son, and, in thetime of the Empire, established in honor of this simple man whoprofessed religious sentiments a quarterly mass at Saint-Sulpice, atwhich he piously assisted, though himself an outspoken atheist. [TheAtheist's Mass. ] In 1806 Desplein had predicted speedy death for anold fellow then fifty-six years old, but who was still alive in 1846. [Cousin Pons. ] The surgeon was present at the death caused by despairof M. Chardon, an old military doctor. [Lost Illusions. ] Despleinattended the last hours of Mme. Jules Desmarets, who died in 1820 or1821; also of the chief of division, Flamet de la Billardiere, whodied in 1824. [The Thirteen. The Government Clerks. ] In March, 1828, at Provins, he performed an operation of trepanning on PierretteLorrain. [Pierrette. ] In the same year he undertook a bold operationupon Mme. Philippe Bridau whose abuse of strong drink had induced a"magnificent malady" that he believed had disappeared. This operationwas reported in the "Gazette des Hopitaux;" but the patient died. [ABachelor's Establishment. ] In 1829 Desplein was summoned on behalf ofVanda de Mergi, daughter of Baron de Bourlac. [The Seamy Side ofHistory. ] In the latter part of the same year he operated successfullyupon Mme. Mignon for blindness. In February, 1830, on account of theforegoing, he was a witness at Modeste Mignon's wedding with Ernest dela Briere. [Modeste Mignon. ] In the beginning of the same yaer, 1830, he was called by Corentin to visit Baron de Nucingen, love-sick forEsther Gobseck; and Mme. De Serizy ill on account of the suicide ofLucien de Rubempre. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] He and hisassistant, Bianchon, waited on Mme. De Bauvan, who was on the verge ofdeath at the close of 1830 and beginning of 1831. [Honorine. ] Despleinhad an only daughter whose marriage in 1829 was arranged with thePrince of Loudon. 

DESROCHES, clerk of the Minister of the Interior under the Empire;friend of Bridau Senior, who had procured him the position. He wasalso on friendly terms with the chief's widow, at whose home he met, nearly every evening, his colleagues Du Bruel and Claparon. A dry, crusty man, who would never become sub-chief, despite his ability. Heearned only one thousand eight hundred francs by running a departmentfor stamped paper. Retired after the second return of Louis XVIII. , hetalked of entering as chief of bureau into an insurance company with agraduated salary. In 1821, despite his scarcely tender disposition, Desroches undertook with much discretion and confidence to extricatePhilippe Bridau out of a predicament--the latter having made a "loan"on the cash-box of the newspaper for which he was working; he broughtabout his resignation without any scandal. Desroches was a man of good"judgment. " He remained to the last a friend of the widow Bridau afterthe death of MM. Du Bruel and Claparon. He was a persistent fisherman. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

DESROCHES (Madame), wife of the preceding. A widow, in 1826, shesought the hand of Mlle. Matifat for her son, Desroches the attorney. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

DESROCHES, son of the two foregoing; born about 1795, reared strictlyby a very harsh father. He went into Derville's office as fourth clerkin 1818, and on the following year passed to the second clerkship. Hesaw Colonel Chabert at Derville's. In 1821 or 1822 he purchased alawyer's office with bare title on rue de Bethizy. He was shrewd andquick and therefore was not long in finding a clientele composed oflitterateurs, artists, actresses, famous lorettes and elegantBohemians. He was counsellor for Agathe and Joseph Bridau, and alsogave excellent advice to Philippe Bridau who was setting out forIssoudun about 1822. [A Bachelor's Establishment. Colonel Chabert. AStart in Life. ] Desroches was advocate for Charles de Vandenesse, pleading against his brother Felix; for the Marquise d'Espard, seekinginterdiction against her husband; and for the Secretary-GeneralChardin des Lupeaulx, with whom he counseled astutely. [A Woman ofThirty. The Commission in Lunacy. The Government Clerks. ] Lucien deRubempre consulted Desroches about the seizure of the furniture ofCoralie, his mistress, in 1822. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]Vautrin appreciated the attorney; he said that the latter would beable to "recover" the Rubempre property, to improve it and make itcapable of yielding Lucien an income of thirty thousand francs, whichwould probably have allowed him to wed Clotilde de Grandlieu. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ] In 1826 Desroches made a short-lived attemptto marry Malvina d'Aldrigger. [The Firm of Nucingen. ] About 1840 herelated, at Mlle. Turquet's--Malaga's--home, then maintained by Cardotthe notary, and in the presence of Bixiou, Lousteau and Nathan, whowere invited by the tabellion, the tricks employed by Cerizet toobtain the face value of a note out of Maxime de Trailles. [A Man ofBusiness. ] Indeed, Desroches was Cerizet's lawyer when the latter hada quarrel with Theodose de la Peyrade in 1840. He also looked afterthe interests of the contractor, Sauvaignou, at the same time. [TheMiddle Classes. ] Desroches' office was probably located for a time onrue de Buci. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

DESROYS, clerk with the Minister of Finance in Baudoyer's bureau, under the Restoration. The son of a Conventionalist who had notfavored the King's death. A Republican; friend of Michel Chrestien. Hedid not associate with any of his colleagues, but kept his manner oflife so concealed that none knew where he lived. In December, 1824, hewas discharged because of his opinions concerning the denunciation ofDutocq. [The Government Clerks. ]

DESROZIERS, musician; prize-winner at Rome; died in that city throughtyphoid fever in 1836. Friend of the sculptor Dorlange, to whom herecounted the story of Zambinella, the death of Sarrasine and themarriage of the Count of Lanty. Desroziers gave music lessons toMarianina, daughter of the count. The musician employed his friend, who was momentarily in need of money, to undertake a copy of a statueof Adonis, which reproduced Zambinella's features. This copy he soldto M. De Lanty. [The Member for Arcis. ]

DESROZIERS, printer at Moulins, department of the Allier. After 1830he published a small volume containing the works of "Jan Diaz, son ofa Spanish prisoner, and born in 1807 at Bourges. " This volume had anintroductory sketch on Jan Diaz by M. De Clagny. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

DEY (Comtesse de), born about 1755. Widow of a lieutenant-generalretired to Carentan, department of the Manche, where she died suddenlyin November, 1793, through a shock to her maternal sensibilities. [TheConscript. ]

DEY (Auguste, Comte de), only son of Mme. De Dey. Made lieutenant ofthe dragoons when only eighteen, and followed the princes inemigration as a point of honor. He was idolized by his mother, who hadremained in France in order to preserve his fortune for him. Heparticipated in the Granville expedition. Imprisoned as a result ofthis affair, he wrote Mme. De Dey that he would arrive at her home, disguised and a fugitive, within three days' time. But he was shot inthe Morbihan at the exact moment when his mother expired from theshock of having received instead of her son the conscript JulienJussieu. [The Conscript. ]

DIARD (Pierre-Francois), born in the suburbs of Nice; the son of amerchant-provost; quartermaster of the Sixth regiment of the line, in1808, then chief of battalion in the Imperial Guard; retired with thisrank on account of a rather severe wound received in Germany;afterwards an administrator and business man; excessive gambler. Husband of Juana Mancini who had been the mistress of CaptainMontefiore, Diard's most intimate friend. In 1823, at Bordeaux, Diardkilled and robbed Montefiore, whom he met by accident. Upon his returnhome he confessed his crime to his wife who vainly besought him tocommit suicide; and she herself finally blew out his brains with apistol shot. [The Maranas. ]

DIARD (Maria-Juana-Pepita), daughter of La Marana, a Venetiancourtesan, and a young Italian nobleman, Mancini, who acknowledgedher. Wife of Pierre-Francois Diard whom she accepted on her mother'srequest, after having given herself to Montefiore who did not wish tomarry her. Juana had been reared very strictly in the Spanish home ofPerez de Lagounia, at Tarragone, and she bore her father's name. Shewas the descendant of a long line of courtesans, a feminine branchthat had never made legal marriages. The blood of her ancestors was inher veins; she showed this involuntarily by the way in which sheyielded to Montefiore. Although she did not love her husband, yet sheremained entirely faithful to him, and she killed him for honor'ssake. She had two children. [The Maranas. ]

DIARD (Juan), first child of Mme. Diard. Born seven months after hismother's marriage, and perhaps the son of Montefiore. He was the imageof Juana, who secretly petted him extravagantly, although shepretended to like her younger son the better. By a "species ofadmirable flattery" Diard had made Juan his choice. [The Maranas. ]

DIARD (Francisque), second son of M. And Mme. Diard, born in Paris. Acounterpart of his father, and the favorite--only outwardly--of hismother. [The Maranas. ]

DIAZ (Jan), assumed name of Mme. Dinah de la Baudraye. 

DIODATI, owner of a villa on Lake Geneva in 1823-1824. --Character in anovel called "L'Ambitieux par Amour" published by Albert Savarus inthe "Revue de l'Est" in 1834. [Albert Savarus. ]

DIONIS, notary at Nemours from about 1813 till the early part of thereign of Louis Philippe. He was a Cremiere-Dionis, but was alwaysknown by the latter name. A shrewd, double-faced individual, who wassecretly a partner with Massin-Levrault the money-lender. He concernedhimself with the inheritance left by Dr. Minoret, giving advice to thethree legatees of the old physician. After the Revolution of 1830, hewas elected mayor of Nemours, instead of M. Levrault, and about 1837he became deputy. He was then received at court balls, in company withhis wife, and Mme. Dionis was "enthroned" in the village because ofher "ways of the throne. " The couple had at least one daughter. [Ursule Mirouet. ] Dionis breakfasted familiarly with Rastignac, Minister of Public Works, from 1839 to 1845. [The Member for Arcis. ]

DOGUEREAU, publisher on rue de Coq, Paris, in 1821, having beenestablished since the first of the century; retired professor ofrhetoric. Lucien de Rubempre offered him his romance, "The Archer ofCharles IX. , " but the publisher would not give him more than fourhundred francs for it, so the trade was not concluded. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

DOISY, porter of the Lepitre Institution, quarter du Marais, Paris, about 1814, at the time when Felix de Vandenesse came there tocomplete his course of study. This young man contracted a debt of onehundred francs on Doisy's account, which resulted in a very severereprimand from his mother. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

DOMINIS (Abbe de), priest of Tours during the Restoration; preceptorof Jacques de Mortsauf. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

DOMMANGET, an accoucheur-physician, famous in Paris at the time ofLouis Philippe. In 1840 he was called in to visit Mme. Calyste duGuenic, whom he had accouched, and who had taken a dangerous relapseon learning of her husband's infidelity. She was nursing her son atthis time. On being taken into her confidence, Dommanget treated andcured her ailment by purely moral methods. [Beatrix. ]

DONI (Massimilla). (See Varese, Princesse de. )

DORLANGE (Charles), first name of Sallenauve, which name see. 

DORSONVAL (Madame), bourgeoise of Saumur, acquainted with M. And Mme. De Grassins at the time of the Restoration. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

DOUBLON (Victor-Ange-Hermenegilde), bailiff at Angouleme during theRestoration. He acted against David Sechard on behalf of the Cointetbrothers. [Lost Illusions. ]

DUBERGHE, wine-merchant of Bordeaux from whom Nucingen purchased in1815, before the battle of Waterloo, 150, 000 bottles of wine, averaging thirty sous to the bottle. The financier sold them for sixfrancs each to the allied armies, from 1817 to 1819. [The Firm ofNucingen. ]

DUBOURDIEU, born about 1805; a symbolic painter of the Fouieristschool; decorated. In 1845 he was met at the corner of rueNueve-Vivienne by his friend Leon de Lora, when he expressed his ideason art and philosophy to Gazonal and Bixiou, who were with the famouslandscape-painter. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

DUBUT of Caen, merchant connected with MM. De Boisfranc, de Boisfrelonand de Boislaurier who were also Dubuts, and whose grandfather was adealer in linens. Dubut of Caen was involved in the trial of theChauffeurs of Mortagne, in 1809, and sentenced to death for contumacy. During the Restoration, on account of his devotion to the Royal cause, he had hoped to obtain the succession to the title of M. De Boisfranc. Louis XVIII. Made him grand provost, in 1815, and later publicprosecutor under the coveted name; finally he died as first presidentof the court. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

DUCANGE (Victor), novelist and playwright of France: born in 1783 atLa Haye; died in 1833; one of the collaborators on "Thirty Years, " or"A Gambler's Life, " and the author of "Leonide. " Victor Ducange waspresent at Braulard's, the head-claquer's, in 1821, at a dinner wherewere also Adele Dupois, Frederic Dupetit-Mere and Mlle. Millot, Braulard's mistress. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

DUDLEY (Lord), statesman; one of the most distinguished of the olderEnglish peers living in Paris after 1816; husband of Lady ArabellaDudley; natural father of Henri de Marsay, to whom he paid smallattention, and who became the lover of Arabella. He was "profoundlyimmoral. " He reckoned among his illegitimate progeny, EuphemiaPorraberil, and among the women he maintained a certain Hortense wholived on rue Tronchet. Before removing to France, Lord Dudley lived inhis native land with two sons born in wedlock, but who wereastonishingly like Marsay. [The Lily of the Valley. The Thirteen. AMan of Business. ] Lord Dudley was present at Mlle. Des Touches, shortly after 1830, when Marsay, then prime minister, told of hisfirst love affair, these two statesmen exchanged philosophicalreflections. [Another Study of Woman. ] In 1834 he chanced to bepresent at a grand ball given by his wife, when he gambled in a salonwith bankers, ambassadors and retired ministers. [A Daughter of Eve. ]

DUDLEY (Lady Arabella), wife of the preceding; member of anillustrious English family that was free of any _mesalliance_ from thetime of the Conquest; exceedingly wealthy; one of those almost regalladies; the idol of the highest French society during the Restoration. She did not live with her husband to whom she had left two sons whoresembled Marsay, whose mistress she had been. In some way shesucceeded in taking Felix de Vandenesse away from Mme. De Mortsauf, thus causing that virtuous woman keen anguish. She was born, so shesaid, in Lancashire, where women die of love. [The Lily of theValley. ] In the early years of the reign of Charles X. , at leastduring the summers, she lived at the village of Chatenay, near Sceaux. [The Ball at Sceaux. ] Raphael de Valentin desired her and would havesought her but for the fear of exhausting the "magic skin. " [The MagicSkin. ] In 1832 she was among the guests at a soiree given by Mme. D'Espard, where the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse was maligned in thepresence of Daniel d'Arthez, in love with her. [The Secrets of aPrincess. ] She was quite jealous of Mme. Felix de Vandenesse, the wifeof her old-time lover, and in 1834-35 she manoeuvred, with Mme. DeListomere and Mme. D'Espard to make the young woman fall into the armsof the poet Nathan, whom she wished to be even homelier than he was. She said to Mme. Felix de Vandenesse: "Marriage, my child, is ourpurgatory; love our paradise. " [A Daughter of Eve. ] Lady Dudley, vengeance-bent, caused Lady Brandon to die of grief. [Letters of TwoBrides. ]

DUFAU, justice of the peace in a commune in the outskirts of Grenoble, where Dr. Benassis was mayor under the Restoration. Then a tall, bonyman with gray locks and clothed in black. He aided materially in thework of regeneration accomplished by the physician in the village. [The Country Doctor. ]

DUFAURE (Jules-Armand-Stanislaus), attorney and French politician;born December 4, 1798, at Saujon, Charente-Inferieure; died anAcademician at Rueil in the summer of 1881; friend and co-disciple ofLouis Lambert and of Barchou de Penhoen at the college of Vendome in1811. [Louis Lambert. ]

DUMAY (Anne-Francois-Bernard), born at Vannes in 1777; son of a rathermean lawyer, the president of a revolutionary tribunal under theRepublic, and a victim of the guillotine subsequent to the ninthThermidor. His mother died of grief. In 1799 Anne Dumay enlisted inthe army of Italy. On the overthrow of the Empire, he retired with therank of Lieutenant, and came in touch with Charles Mignon, with whomhe had become acquainted early in his military career. He wasthoroughly devoted to his friend, who had once saved his life atWaterloo. He gave great assistance to the commercial enterprises ofthe Mignon house, and faithfully looked after the interests of Mme. And Mlle. Mignon during the protracted absence of the head of thefamily, who was suddenly ruined. Mignon came back from America a richman, and he made Dumay share largely in his fortune. [Modeste Mignon. ]

DUMAY (Madame), nee Grummer, wife of the foregoing; a pretty littleAmerican woman who married Dumay while he was on a journey to Americaon behalf of his patron and friend Charles Mignon, during theRestoration. Having had the misfortune to lose several children atbirth, and deprived of the hope of others, she became entirely devotedto the two Mignon girls. She as well as her husband was thoroughlyattached to that family. [Modeste Mignon. ]

DUPETIT-MERE (Frederic), born at Paris in 1785 and died in 1827;dramatic author who enjoyed his brief hour of fame. Under the name ofFrederic he constructed either singly, or in collaboration withDucange, Rougemont, Brazier and others, a large number of melodramas, vaudevilles, and fantasies. In 1821 he was present with Ducange, AdeleDupuis and Mlle. Millot at a dinner at Braulard's, the head-claquer. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

DUPLANTY (Abbe), vicar of Saint-Francois church at Paris; atSchmucke's request he administered extreme unction to the dying Pons, in April, 1845, who understood and appreciated his goodness. [CousinPons. ]

DUPLAY (Madame), wife of a carpenter of rue Honore at whose houseRobespierre lived; a customer of the grocer Descoings, whom shedenounced as a forestaller. This accusation led to the grocer'simprisonment and execution. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

DUPOTET, a sort of banker established at Croisic under theRestoration. He had on deposit the modest patrimony of PierreCambremer. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

DUPUIS, notary of the Saint-Jacques quarter, time of Louis Philippe;affectedly pious; beadle of the parish. He kept the savings of a lotof servants. Theodose de la Peyrade, who drummed up trade for him inthis special line, induced Mme. Lambert, the housekeeper of M. Picot, to place two thousand five hundred francs, saved at her employer'sexpense, with this virtuous man, who immediately went into bankruptcy. [The Middle Classes. ]

DUPUIS (Adele), Parisian actress who for a long time and brilliantlyheld the leading roles and creations at the Gaite theatre. In 1821 shedined with the chief claquer, Braulard, in company with Ducange, Frederic Dupetit-Mere and Mlle. Millot. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

DURAND, real name of the Chessels. This name of Chessel had beenborrowed by Mme. Durand, who was born a Chessel. 

DURET (Abbe), cure of Sancerre during the Restoration; aged member ofthe old clerical school. Excellent company; a frequenter of the homeof Mme. De la Baudraye, where he satisfied his penchant for gaming. With much _finesse_ Duret showed this young woman the character of M. De la Baudraye in its true light. He counseled her to seek inliterature relief from the bitterness of her wedded life. [The Muse ofthe Department. ]

DURIAU, a celebrated accoucheur of Paris. Assisted by Bianchon hedelivered Mme. De la Baudraye of a child at the home of Lousteau, itsfather, in 1837. [The Muse of the Department. ]

DURIEU, cook and house servant at the chateau de Cinq-Cygne, under theConsulate. An old and trusted servant, thoroughly devoted to hismistress, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, whose fortunes he had alwaysfollowed. He was a married man, his wife being general housekeeper inthe establishment. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

DUROC (Gerard-Christophe-Michel), Duc de Frioul; grand marshal of thepalace of Napoleon; born at Pont-a-Mousson, in 1772; killed on thebattlefield in 1813. On October 13, 1806, the eve of the battle ofJena, he conducted the Marquis de Chargeboeuf and Laurence deCinq-Cygne to the Emperor's presence. [The Gondreville Mystery. ] InApril, 1813, he was at a dress-parade at the Carrousel, Paris, whenNapoleon addressed him, regarding Mlle. De Chatillonest, noted by himin the throng, in language which made the grand marshal smile. [A Womanof Thirty. ]

DURUT (Jean-Francois), a criminal whom Prudence Servien helped convictto hard labor by her testimony in the Court of Assizes. Durut tookoath to Prudence, before the same tribunal, that, once free, he wouldkill her. However, he was executed at the bagne of Toulon four yearslater (1829). Jacques Collin, alias Vautrin, to obtain Prudence'saffections, boasted of having freed her from Durut, whose threat heldher in perpetual terror. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

DUTHEIL (Abbe), one of the two vicars-general of the Bishop of Limogesduring the Restoration. One of the lights of the Gallican clergy. Madea bishop in August, 1831, and promoted to archbishop in 1840. Hepresided at the public confession of Mme. Graslin, whose friend andadvisor he was, and whose funeral procession he followed in 1844. [TheCountry Parson. ]

DUTOCQ, born in 1786. In 1814 he entered the Department of Finance, succeeding Poiret senior who was displaced in the bureau directed byRabourdin. He was order clerk. Idle and incapable, he hated his chiefand caused his overthrow. Very despicable and very prying, he tried tomake his place secure by acting as spy in the bureau. Chardin desLupeaulx, the secretary-general, was advised by him of the slightestdevelopments. After 1816, Dutocq outwardly affected very pronouncedreligious tendencies because he believed them useful to hisadvancement. He eagerly collected old engravings, possessing complete"his Charlet, " which he desired to give or lend to the minister'swife. At this time he dwelt on rue Saint-Louis-Saint-Honore (in 1854this street disappeared) near Palais Royal, on the fifth floor of anenclosed house, and boarded in a pension of rue de Beaune. [TheGovernment Clerks. ] In 1840, retired, he clerked for a justice of thepeace of the Pantheon municipality, and lived in Thuillier's house, rue Saint-Dominique d'Enfer. He was a bachelor and had all the viceswhich, however, he religiously concealed. He kept in with hissuperiors by fawning. He was concerned with the villainous intriguesof Cerizet, his copy-clerk, and with Theodose de la Peyrade, thetricky lawyer. [The Middle Classes. ]

DUVAL, wealthy forge-master of Alencon, whose daughter thegrand-niece of M. Du Croisier (du Bousquier), was married in 1830to Victurnien d'Esgrignon. Her dowry was three million francs. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

DUVAL, famous professor of chemistry at Paris in 1843. A friend of Dr. Bianchon, at whose instance he analyzed the blood of M. And Mme. Crevel, who were infected by a peculiar cutaneous disease of whichthey died. [Cousin Betty. ]

DUVIGNON. (See Lanty, de. )

DUVIVIER, jeweler at Vendome during the Empire. Mme. De Merretdeclared to her husband that she had purchased of this merchant anebony crucifix encrusted with silver; but in truth she had obtained itof her lover, Bagos de Feredia. She swore falsely on this verycrucifix. [La Grande Breteche. ]

 E

EMILE, a "lion of the most triumphant kind, " of the acquaintance ofMme. Komorn--Countess Godollo. One evening in 1840 or 1841 this woman, in order to avoid Theodose de la Peyrade, on the Boulevard desItaliens, took the dandy's arm and requested him to take her toMabille. [The Middle Classes. ]

ESGRIGNON (Charles-Marie-Victor-Ange-Carol, Marquis d'), or, DesGrignons--following the earlier name--commander of the Order ofSaint-Louis; born about 1750, died in 1830. Head of a very ancientfamily of the Francs, the Karawls who came from the North to conquerthe Gauls, and who were entrusted with the defence of a French highway. The Esgrignons, quasi-princes under the house of Valois and all-powerfulunder Henry IV. , were very little known at the court of Louis XVIII. ;and the marquis, ruined by the Revolution, lived in rather reducedcircumstances at Alencon in an old gable-roofed house formerlybelonging to him, which had been sold as common property, and whichthe faithful notary Chesnel had repurchased, together with certainportions of his other estates. The Marquis d'Esgrignon, though nothaving to emigrate, was still obliged to conceal himself. Heparticipated in the Vendean struggle against the Republic, and was oneof the members of the Committee Royal of Alencon. In 1800, at the ageof fifty, in the hope of perpetuating his race, he married Mlle. DeNouastre, who died in child-birth, leaving the marquis an only son. M. D'Esgrignon always overlooked the escapades of this child, whosereputation was preserved by Chesnel; and he passed away shortly afterthe downfall of Charles X. , saying: "The Gauls triumph. " [The Chouans. Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

ESGRIGNON (Madame d') nee Nouastre; of blood the purest and noblest;married at twenty-two, in 1800, to Marquis Carol d'Esgrignon, a man offifty. She soon died at the birth of an only son. She was "theprettiest of human beings; in her person were reawakened the charms--now fanciful--of the feminine figures of the sixteenth century. "[Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

ESGRIGNON (Victurnien, Comte, then Marquis d'), only son of MarquisCarol d'Esgrignon; born about 1800 at Alencon. Handsome andintelligent, reared with extreme indulgence and kindness by his aunt, Mlle. Armande d'Esgrignon, he gave himself over without restraint toall the whims usual to the ingenuous egoism of his age. From eighteento twenty-one he squandered eighty thousand francs without theknowledge of his father and his aunt; the devoted Chesnel footed allthe bills. The youthful d'Esgrignon was systematically urged towrong-doing by an ally of his own age, Fabien du Ronceret, a perfidiousfellow of the town whom M. Du Croisier employed. About 1823 Victurniend'Esgrignon was sent to Paris. There he had the misfortune to fallinto the society of the Parisian _roues_--Marsay, Ronquerolles, Trailles, Chardin des Lupeaulx, Vandenesse, Ajuda-Pinto, Beaudenord, Martial de la Roche-Hugon, Manerville, people met at the homes ofMarquise d'Espard, the Duchesses de Grandlieu, de Carigliano, deChaulieu, the Marquises d'Aiglemont and de Listomere, Mme. Firmianiand the Comtesse de Serizy; at the opera and at the embassies--beingwelcomed on account of his good name and seeming fortune. It was notlong until he became the lover of the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse, ruinedhimself for her and ended by forging a note against M. Du Croisier forone hundred thousand francs. His aunt took him back quickly toAlencon, and by a great effort he was rescued from legal proceedings. Following this he fought a duel with M. Du Croisier, who wounded himdangerously. Nevertheless, shortly after the death of his father, Victurnien d'Esgrignon married Mlle. Duval, niece of the retiredcontractor. He did not give himself over to his wife, but insteadbetook himself to his former gay life of a bachelor. [Jealousies of aCountry Town. Letters of Two Brides. ] According to Marguerite Turquet"the little D'Esgrignon was well soaked" by Antonia. [A Man ofBusiness. ] In 1832 Victurnien d'Esgrignon declared before a numerouscompany at Mme. D'Espard's that the Princesse de Cadignan--Mme. DeMaufrigneuse--was a dangerous woman. "To her I owe the disgrace of mymarriage, " he added. Daniel d'Arthez, who was then in love with thiswoman, was present at the conversation. [The Secrets of a Princess. ]In 1838 Victurnien d'Esgrignon was present with some artists, lorettesand men about town, at the opening of the house on rue de laVille-Eveque given to Josepha Mirah, by the Duc d'Herouville. The youngmarquis himself had been Josepha's lover; Baron Hulot and he had beenrivals for her on another occasion. [Cousin Betty. ]

ESGRIGNON (Marie-Armande-Claire d'), born about 1775; sister ofMarquis Carol d'Esgrignon and aunt of Victurnien d'Esgrignon to whomshe had been as a mother, with an absolute tenderness. In his old ageher father had married for a second time, and to the young daughter ofa tax collector, ennobled by Louis XIV. She was born of this unionwhich was looked upon as a horrible _mesalliance_, and although themarquis loved her dearly he regarded her as an alien. He made her weepfor joy, one day, by saying solemnly: "You are an Esgrignon, mysister. " Emile Blondet, reared at Alencon, had known and loved her inhis childhood, and often later he praised her beauty and goodqualities. On account of her devotion to her nephew she refused M. Dela Roche-Guyon and the Chevalier de Valois, also M. Du Bousquier. Shegave the fullest proof of her genuinely maternal affection forVicturnien, when the latter committed the crime at Paris, which wouldhave placed him on the prisoner's bench of the Court of Assizes, butfor the clever work of Chesnel. She outlived her brother, given over"to her religion and her over-thrown beliefs. " About the middle ofLouis Philippe's reign Blondet, who had come to Alencon to obtain hismarriage license, was again moved on the contemplation of that nobleface. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

ESPARD (Charles-Maurice-Marie-Andoche, Comte de Negrepelisse, Marquisd'), born about 1789; by name a Negrepelisse, of an old Southernfamily which acquired by a marriage, time of Henry IV. , the lands andtitles of the family of Espard, of Bearn, which was allied also withthe Albret house. The device of the d'Espards was: "Des partemleonis. " The Negrepelisses were militant Catholics, ruined at the timeof the Church wars, and afterwards considerably enriched by thedespoiling of a family of Protestant merchants, the Jeanrenauds whosehead had been hanged after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Thisproperty, so badly acquired, became wondrously profitable to theNegrepelisses-d'Espards. Thanks to his fortune, the grandfather of themarquis was enabled to wed a Navarreins-Lansac, an extremely wealthyheiress; her father was of the younger branch of the Grandlieus. In1812 the Marquis d'Espard married Mlle. De Blamont-Chauvry, thensixteen years of age. He had two sons by her, but discord soon arosebetween the couple. Her silly extravagances forced the marquis toborrow. He left her in 1816, going with his two children to live onrue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve. Here he devoted himself to theeducation of his boys and to the composition of a great work; "ThePicturesque History of China, " the profits of which, combined with thesavings resultant from an austere manner of living, allowed him to payin twelve years' time to the legatees of the suppliant Jeanrenaudseleven hundred thousand francs, representing the value--time of LouisXIV. --of the property confiscated from their ancestors. This book waswritten, so to speak, in collaboration with Abbe Crozier, and itsfinancial results aided greatly in comforting the declining years of aruined friend, M. De Nouvion. In 1828 Mme. D'Espard tried to have aguardian appointed for her husband by ridiculing the noble conduct ofthe marquis. But the defendant won his rights at court. [TheCommission in Lunacy. ] Lucien de Rubempre, who entertainedAttorney-General Granville with an account of this suit, probably wasinstrumental in causing the judgment to favor M. D'Espard. Thus hedrew upon himself the hatred of the marquise. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

ESPARD (Camille, Vicomte d'), second son of Marquis d'Espard; born in1815; pursued his studies at the college of Henri IV. , in company withhis elder brother, the Comte Clement de Negrepelisse. He studiedrhetoric in 1828. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

ESPARD (Chevalier d'), brother of Marquis d'Espard, whom he wished tosee interdicted, in order that he might be made curator. His face wasthin as a knife-blade, and he was frigid and severe. Judge Popinotsaid he reminded him somewhat of Cain. He was one of the deepestpersonages to be found in the Marquise d'Espard's drawing-room, andwas the political half of that woman. [The Commission in Lunacy. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Secrets of a Princess. ]

ESPARD (Jeanne-Clementine-Athenais de Blamont-Chauvry, Marquise d'), born in 1795; wife of Marquis d'Espard; of one of the most illustrioushouses of Faubourg Saint-Germain. Deserted by her husband in 1816, shewas at the age of twenty-two mistress of herself and of her fortune, an income of twenty-six thousand francs. At first she lived inseclusion; then in 1820 she appeared at court, gave some receptions ather own home, and did not long delay about becoming a society woman. Cold, vain and coquettish she knew neither love nor hatred; herindifference for all that did not directly concern her was profound. She never showed emotion. She had certain scientific formulas forpreserving her beauty. She never wrote but spoke instead, believingthat two words from a woman were sufficient to kill three men. Morethan once she made epigrams to peers or deputies which the courts ofEurope treasured. In 1828 she still passed with the men for youthful. Mme. D'Espard lived at number 104 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore. [TheCommission in Lunacy. ] She was a magnificent Celimene. She displayedsuch prudence and severity on her separation from her husband thatsociety was at a loss to account for this disagreement. She wassurrounded by her relatives, the Navarreins, the Blamont-Chauvrys andthe Lenoncourts; ladies of the highest social position claimed heracquaintance. She was a cousin of Mme. De Bargeton, who wasrehabilitated by her on her arrival from Angouleme in 1821, and whomshe introduced into Paris, showing her all the secrets of elegant lifeand taking her away from Lucien de Rubempre. Later, when the"Distinguished Provincial" had won his way into high society, she, atthe instance of Mme. De Montcornet, enlisted him on the Royalist side. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] In 1824 she was at an Operaball to which she had come through an anonymous note, and, leaning onthe arm of Sixte du Chatelet, she met Lucien de Rubempre whose beautystruck her and whom she seemed, indeed, not to remember. The poet hadhis revenge for her former disdain, by means of some cutting phrases, and Jacques Collin--Vautrin--masked, caused her uneasiness bypersuading her that Lucien was the author of the note and that heloved her. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] The Chaulieus wereintimate with her at the time when their daughter Louise was courtedby Baron de Macumer. [Letters of Two Brides. ] Despite the silentopposition of the Faubourg Saint-Germain, after the Revolution of1830, the Marquise d'Espard did not close her salon, since she did notwish to renounce her Parisian prestige. In this she was seconded byone or two women in her circle and by Mlle. Des Touches. [AnotherStudy of Woman. ] She was at home Wednesdays. In 1833 she attended asoiree at the home of the Princesse de Cadignan, where Marsaydisclosed the mystery surrounding the abduction of Senator Malin in1806. [The Gondreville Mystery. ] Notwithstanding an evil reportcirculated against her by Mme. D'Espard, the princesse told Danield'Arthez that the marquise was her best friend; she was related toher. [The Secrets of a Princess. ] Actuated by jealousy for Mme. Felixde Vandenesse, Mme. D'Espard fostered the growing intimacy between theyoung woman and Nathan the poet; she wished to see an apparent rivalcompromised. In 1835 the marquise defended vaudeville entertainmentsagainst Lady Dudley, who said she could not endure them. [A Daughterof Eve. ] In 1840, on leaving the Italiens, Mme. D'Espard humiliatedMme. De Rochefide by snubbing her; all the women followed her example, shunning the mistress of Calyste du Guenic. [Beatrix. ] In short theMarquise d'Espard was one of the most snobbish people of her day. Herdisposition was sour and malevolent, despite its elegant veneer. 

ESTIVAL (Abbe d'), provincial priest and Lenten exhorter at the churchof Saint-Jacques du Haut-Pas, Paris. According to Theodose de laPeyrade, who pointed him out to Mlle. Colleville, he was devoted topredication in the interest of the poor. By spirituality and unctionhe redeemed a scarcely agreeable exterior. [The Middle Classes. ]

ESTORADE (Baron, afterwards Comte de l'), a little Provincialgentleman, father of Louis de l'Estorade. A very religious and verymiserly man who hoarded for his son. He lost his wife about 1814, whodied of grief through lack of hope of ever seeing her son again--having heard nothing of him after the battle of Leipsic. M. Del'Estorade was an excellent grandparent. He died at the end of 1826. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

ESTORADE (Louis, Chevalier, then Vicomte and Comte de l') son of thepreceding; peer of France; president of the Chamber in the Court ofAccounts; grand officer of the Legion of Honor; born in 1787. Afterhaving been excluded from the conscription under the Empire, for along time, he was enlisted in 1813, serving on the Guard of Honor. AtLeipsic he was captured by the Russians and did not reappear in Franceuntil the Restoration. He suffered severely in Siberia; at thirty-sevenhe appeared to be fifty. Pale, lean, taciturn and somewhat deaf, hebore much resemblance to the Knight of the Rueful Countenance. Hesucceeded, however, in making himself agreeable to Renee de Maucombewhom he married, dowerless, in 1824. Urged on by his wife who becameambitious after becoming a mother, he left Crampade, his countryestate, and although a mediocre he rose to the highest offices. [Letters of Two Brides. The Member for Arcis. ]

ESTORADE (Madame de l'), born Renee de Maucombe in 1807, of a very oldProvencal family, located in the Gemenos Valley, twenty kilometresfrom Marseilles. She was educated at the Carmelite convent of Blois, where she was intimate with Louise de Chaulieu. The two friends alwaysremained constant. For several years they corresponded, writing aboutlife, love and marriage, when Renee the wise gave to the passionateLouise advice and prudent counsel not always followed. In 1836 Mme. Del'Estorade hastened to the country to be present at the death-bed ofher friend, now become Mme. Marie Gaston. Renee de Maucombe wasmarried at the age of seventeen, upon leaving the convent. She gaveher husband three children, though she never loved him, devotingherself to the duties of motherhood. [Letters of Two Brides. ] In1838-39 the serenity of this sage person was disturbed by meetingDorlange-Sallenauve. She believed he sought her, and she must needsfight an insidious liking for him. Mme. De Camps counseled andenlightened Mme. De l'Estorade, with considerable foresight, in thisdelicate crisis. Some time later, when a widow, Mme. De l'Estorade wason the point of giving her hand to Sallenauve, who became herson-in-law. [The Member for Arcis. ] In 1841 Mme. De l'Estoraderemarked of M. And Mme. Savinien de Portenduere: "Theirs is the mostperfect happiness that I have ever seen!" [Ursule Mirouet. ]

ESTORADE (Armand de l'), elder son of M. And Mme. De l'Estorade;godson of Louise de Chaulieu, who was Baronne de Macumer andafterwards Mme. Marie Gaston. Born in December, 1825; educated at thecollege of Henri IV. At first stupid and meditative, he awakenedafterwards, was crowned at Sorbonnne, having obtained first prize fora translation of Latin, and in 1845 made a brilliant showing in histhesis for the degree of doctor of laws. [Letters of Two Brides. TheMember for Arcis. ]

ESTORADE (Rene de l'), second child of M. And Mme. De l'Estorade. Boldand adventurous as a child. He had a will of iron, and his mother wasconvinced that he would be "the cunningest sailor afloat. " [Letters ofTwo Brides. ]

ESTORADE (Jeanne-Athenais de l'), daughter and third child of M. AndMme. De l'Estorade. Called "Nais" for short. Married in 1847 toCharles de Sallenauve. (See Sallenauve, Mme. Charles de. )

ESTOURNY (Charles d'), a young dandy of Paris who went to Havre duringthe Restoration to view the sea, obtained entrance into the Mignonhousehold and eloped with Bettina-Caroline, the elder daughter. Heafterwards deserted her and she died of shame. In 1827 Charlesd'Estourny was sentenced by the police court for habitual fraud ingambling. [Modeste Mignon. ] A Georges-Marie Destourny, who styledhimself Georges d'Estourny, was the son of a bailiff, at Boulogne, near Paris, and was undoubtedly identical with Charles d'Estourny. Fora time he was the protector of Esther van Gobseck, known as LaTorpille. He was born about 1801, and, after having obtained asplendid education, had been left without resources by his father, whowas forced to sell out under adverse circumstances. Georges d'Estournyspeculated on the Bourse with money obtained from "kept" women whotrusted in him. After his sentence he left Paris without squaring hisaccounts. He had aided Cerizet, who afterwards became his partner. Hewas a handsome fellow, open-hearted and generous as the chief ofrobbers. On account of the knaveries which brough him into court, Bixiou nicknamed him "Tricks at Cards. " [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. A Man of Business. ]

ETIENNE & CO. , traders at Paris under the Empire. In touch withGuillaume, clothier of rue Saint-Denis, who foresaw their failure andawaited "with anxiety as at a game of cards. " [At the Sign of the Catand Racket. ]

EUGENE, Corsican colonel of the Sixth regiment of the line, which wasmade up almost entirely of Italians--the first to enter Tarragone in1808. Colonel Eugene, a second Murat, was extraordinarily brave. Heknew how to make use of the species of bandits who composed hisregiment. [The Maranas. ]

EUGENIE, assumed name of Prudence Servien, which name see. 

EUPHRASIE, Parisian courtesan, time of the Restoration and LouisPhilippe. A pretty, winsome blonde with blue eyes and a melodiousvoice; she had an air of the utmost frankness, yet was profoundlydepraved and expert in refined vice. In 1821 she transmitted aterrible and fatal disease to Crottat, the notary. At that time shelived on rue Feydeau. Euphrasie pretended that in her early youth shehad passed entire days and nights trying to support a lover who hadforsaken her for a heritage. With the brunette, Aquilina, Euphrasietook part in a famous orgy, at the home of Frederic Taillefer, on rueJoubert, where were also Emile Blondet, Rastignac, Bixiou and Raphaelde Valentin. Later she is seen at the Theatre-Italien, in company withthe aged antiquarian, who had sold Raphael the celebrated "magicskin"; she was running through with the old merchant's treasures. [Melmoth Reconciled. The Magic Skin. ]

EUROPE, assumed name of Prudence Servien, which name see. 

EVANGELISTA (Madame), born Casa-Real in 1781, of a great Spanishfamily collaterally descended from the Duke of Alva and related to theClaes of Douai; a creole who came to Bordeaux in 1800 with herhusband, a large Spanish financier. In 1813 she was left a widow, withher daughter. She paid no thought to the value of money, never knowinghow to resist a whim. So one morning in 1821 she was forced to call onthe broker and expert, Elie Magus, to get an estimate on the value ofher magnificent diamonds. She became wearied of life in the country, and therefore favored the marriage of her daughter with Paul deManerville, in order that she might follow the young couple to Pariswhere she dreamed of appearing in grand style and of a furtherexercise of her power. For that matter she displayed much astutenessin arranging the details of this marriage, at which time MaitreSolonet, her notary, was much taken with her, desiring to wed her, anddefending her warmly against Maitre Mathias the lawyer for theManervilles. Beneath the exterior of an excellent woman she knew, likeCatherine de Medicis, how to hate and wait. [A Marriage Settlement. ]

EVANGELISTA (Natalie), daughter of Mme. Evangelista; married to Paulde Manerville. (See that name. )

EVELINA, young girl of noble blood, wealthy and cultured, of a strictJansenist family; sought in marriage by Benassis, in the beginning ofthe Restoration. Evelina reciprocated Benassis' love, but her parentsopposed the match. Evelina died soon after gaining her freedom and thedoctor did not survive her long. [The Country Doctor. ]

 F

FAILLE & BOUCHOT, Parisian perfumers who failed in 1818. They gave anorder for ten thousand phials of peculiar shape to hold a newcosmetic, which phials Anselme Popinot purchased for four sous each onsix months' time, with the intention of filling them with the"Cephalic Oil" invented by Cesar Birotteau. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

FALCON (Jean), alias Beaupied, or more often Beau-Pied, sergeant inthe Seventy-second demi-brigade in 1799, under the command of ColonelHulot. Jean Falcon was the clown of his company. Formerly he hadserved in the artillery. [The Chouans. ] In 1808, still under thecommand of Hulot, he was one in the army of Spain and in the troopsled by Murat. In that year he was witness of the death of Bega, theFrench surgeon, assassinated by a Spaniard. [The Muse of theDepartment. ] In 1841 he was body-servant of his old-time colonel, nowbecome a marshal. For thirty years he had been in his employ. [CousinBetty. ]

FALCON (Marie-Cornelie), famous singer of the Opera; born at Paris onJanuary 28, 1812. On July 20, 1832, she made a brilliant debut in therole of Alice, in "Robert le Diable. " She also created with equalsuccess the parts of Rachel in "La Juive" and Valentine in "TheHuguenots. " In 1836 the composer Conti declared to Calyste du Guenicthat he was madly enamored of this singer, "the youngest and prettiestof her time. " He even wished to marry her--so he said--but this remarkwas probably a thrust at Calyste, who was smitten with the Marquise deRochefide, whose lover the musician was at this time. [Beatrix. ]Cornelie Falcon disappears from the scene in 1840, after a famousevening when, before a sympathetic audience, she mourned on account ofthe ruin of her voice. She married a financier, M. Malencon, and isnow a grandmother. Mme. Falcon has given, in the provinces, her nameto designate tragic "sopranos. " "La Vierge de l'Opera, " interestinglydelineated by M. Emmanuel Gonzales, reveals--according to him--certainincidents in her career. 

FALLEIX (Martin), Auvergnat coppersmith on rue du FaubourgSaint-Antoine, Paris; born about 1796; he had come from the countrywith his kettle under his arm. He was patronized by Bidault, aliasGigonnet, who advanced him capital though at heavy interest. Theusurer also introduced him to Saillard, the cashier of the Minister ofFinance, who with his savings enabled him to open a foundry. MartinFalleix obtained a brevet for invention and a gold medal at theExposition of 1824. Mme. Baudoyer undertook his education, deciding hewould do for a son-in-law. On his side he worked for the interests ofhis future father-in-law. [The Government Clerks. ] About 1826 hediscussed on the Bourse, with Du Tillet, Werbrust and Claparon, thethird liquidation of Nucingen, which solidly established the fortune ofthat celebrated Alsatian banker. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

FALLEIX (Jacques), brother of the preceding; stock-broker, one ofthe shrewdest and richest, the successor of Jules Desmarets andstock-broker for the firm of Nucingen. On rue Saint-George he fittedup a most elegant little house for his mistress, Mme. Du Val-Noble. Hefailed in 1829, the victim of one of the Nucingen liquidations. [TheGovernment Clerks. The Thirteen. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

FANCHETTE, servant of Doctor Rouget at Issoudun, at the close of theeighteenth century; a stout Berrichonne who, before the advent of LaCognette, was thought to be the best cook in town. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

FANJAT, physician and something of an alienist; uncle of ComtesseStephanie de Vandieres. She was supposed to have perished in thedisaster of the Russian campaign. He found her near Strasbourg, in1816, a lunatic, and took her to the ancient convent of Bon-Hommes, in the outskirts of l'Isle Adam, Seine-et-Oise, where he tended herwith a tender care. In 1819 he had the sorrow of seeing her expire asa result of a tragic scene when, recovering her reason all at once, she recognized her former lover Philippe de Sucy, whom she had notseen since 1812. [Farewell. ]

FANNY, aged servant in the employ of Lady Brandon, at La Grenadiereunder the Restoration. She closed the eyes of her mistress, whom sheadored, then conducted the two children from that house to one of acousin of hers, an old retired dressmaker of Tours, rue de la Guerche(now rue Marceau), where she intended to live with them; but the elderof the sons of Lady Brandon enlisted in the navy and placed hisbrother in college, under the guidance of Fanny. [La Grenadiere. ]

FANNY, young girl of romantic temperament, fair and blonde, the onlydaughter of a banker of Paris. One evening at her father's house sheasked the Bavarian Hermann for a "dreadful German story, " and thusinnocently led to the death of Frederic Taillefer who had in his youthcommitted a secret murder, now related in his hearing. [The Red Inn. ]

FARIO, old Spanish prisoner of war at Issoudun during the Empire. After peace was declared he remained there making a small businessventure in grains. He was of Grenada and had been a peasant. He wasthe butt of many scurvy tricks on the part of the "Knights ofIdlesse, " and he avenged himself by stabbing their leader, MaxenceGilet. This attempted assassination was momentarily charged to JosephBridau. Fario finally obtained full satisfaction for his vindictivespirit by witnessing a duel where Gilet fell mortally wounded by thehand of Philippe Bridau. Gilet had previously become disconcerted bythe presence of the grain-dealer on the field of battle. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

FARRABESCHE, ex-convict, now an estate-guard for Mme. Graslin, atMontegnac, time of Louis Philippe; of an old family of La Correze;born about 1791. He had had an elder brother killed at Montebello, in1800 a captain at twenty-two, who by his surpassing heroism had savedthe army and the Consul Bonaparte. There was, too, a second brotherwho fell at Austerlitz in 1805, a sergeant in the First regiment ofthe Guard. Farrabesche himself had got it into his head that he wouldnever serve, and when summoned in 1811 he fled to the woods. There heaffiliated more or less with the Chauffeurs and, accused of severalassassinations, was sentenced to death for contumacy. At the instanceof Abbe Bonnet he gave himself up, at the beginnng of the Restoration, and was sent to the bagne for ten years, returning in 1827. After1830, re-established as a citizen, he married Catherine Curieux, bywhom he had a child. Abbe Bonnet for one, and Mme. Graslin foranother, proved themselves counselors and benefactors of Farrabesche. [The Country Parson. ]

FARRABESCHE (Madame), born Catherine Curieux, about 1798; daughter ofthe tenants of Mme. Brezac, at Vizay, an important mart of La Correze;mistress of Farrabesche in the last years of the Empire. She bore hima son, at the age of seventeen, and was soon separated from her loveron his imprisonment in the galleys. She returned to Paris and hiredout. In her last place she worked for an old lady whom she tendeddevotedly, but who died leaving her nothing. In 1833 she came back tothe country; she was just out of a hospital, cured of a disease causedby fatigue, but still very feeble. Shortly after she married herformer lover. Catherine Curieux was rather large, well-made, pale, gentle and refined by her visit to Paris, though she could neitherread nor write. She had three married sisters, one at Aubusson, one atLimoges, and one at Saint-Leonard. [The Country Parson. ]

FARRABESCHE (Benjamin), son of Farrabesche and Catherine Curieux; bornin 1815; brought up by the relatives of his mother until 1827, thentaken back by his father whom he dearly loved and whose energetic andrough nature he inherited. [The Country Parson. ]

FAUCOMBE (Madame de), sister of Mme. De Touches and aunt of Felicitedes Touches--Camille Maupin;--an inmate of the convent of Chelles, towhom Felicite was confided by her dying mother, in 1793. The nun tookher niece to Faucombe, a considerable estate near Nantes belonging tothe deceased mother, where she (the nun) died of fear in 1794. [Beatrix. ]

FAUCOMBE (De), grand-uncle on the maternal side of Felicite desTouches. Born about 1734, died in 1814. He lived at Nantes, and in hisold age had married a frivolous young woman, to whom he turned overthe conduct of affairs. A passionate archaeologist he gave littleattention to the education of his grand-niece who was left with him in1794, after the death of Mme. De Faucombe, the aged nun of Chelles. Thus it happened that Felicite grew up by the side of the old man andyoung woman, without guidance, and left entirely to her own devices. [Beatrix. ]

FAUSTINE, a young woman of Argentan who was executed in 1813 atMortagne for having killed her child. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

FELICIE, chambermaid of Mme. Diard at Bordeaux in 1823. [The Maranas. ]

FELICITE, a stout, ruddy, cross-eyed girl, the servant of Mme. Vauthier who ran a lodging-house on the corner of Notre-Dame-des-Champsand Boulevard du Montparnasse, time of Louis Philippe. [The Seamy Sideof History. ]

FELIX, office-boy for Attorney-General Granville, in 1830. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ]

FENDANT, former head-clerk of the house of Vidal & Porchon; a partnerwith Cavalier. Both were book-sellers, publishers, and book-dealers, doing business on rue Serpente, Paris, about 1821. At this time theyhad dealings with Lucien Chardon de Rubempre. The house for socialreasons was known as Fendant & Cavalier. Half-rascals, they passed forclever fellows. While Cavalier traveled, Fendant, the more wily of thetwo, managed the business. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

FERDINAND, real name of Ferdinand du Tillet. 

FERDINAND, fighting name of one of the principal figures in the Bretonuprising of 1799. One of the companions of MM. Du Guenic, de laBillardiere, de Fontaine and de Montauran. [The Chouans. Beatrix. ]

FEREDIA (Count Bagos de), Spanish prisoner of war at the Vendome underthe Empire; lover of Mme. De Merret. Surprised one evening by theunexpected return of her husband, he took refuge in a closet which wasordered walled up by M. De Merret. There he died heroically withouteven uttering a cry. [La Grande Breteche. ]

FERET (Athanase), law-clerk of Maitre Bordin, procureur to theChatelet in 1787. [A Start in Life. ]

FERRAGUS XXIII. (See Bourignard. )

FERRARO (Count), Italian colonel whom Castanier had known during theEmpire, and whose death in the Zembin swamps Castanier alone hadwitnessed. The latter therefore intended to assume Ferraro'spersonality in Italy after forging certain letters of credit. [MelmothReconciled. ]

FERRAUD (Comte), son of a returned councillor of the ParisianParliament who had emigrated during the Terror, and who was ruined bythese events. Born in 1781. During the Consulate he returned toFrance, at which time he declined certain offers made by Bonaparte. Heremained ever true to the tenets of Louis XVIII. Of pleasing presencehe won his way, and the Faubourg Saint-Germain regarded him as anornament. About 1809 he married the widow of Colonel Chabert, who hadan income of forty thousand francs. By her he had two children, a sonand a daughter. He resided on rue de Varenne, having a pretty villa inthe Montmorency Valley. During the Restoration he was madedirector-general in a ministry, and councillor of state. [ColonelChabert. ]

FERRAUD (Comtesse), born Rose Chapotel; wife of Comte Ferraud. Duringthe Republic, or at the commencement of the Empire, she married herfirst husband, an officer named Hyacinthe and known as Chabert, whowas left for dead on the battlefield of Eylau, in 1807. About 1818 hetried to reassert his marital rights. Colonel Chabert claimed to havetaken Rose Chapotel out of a questionable place at Palais-Royal. During the Restoration this woman was a countess and one of the queensof Parisian society. When brought face to face with her first husbandshe feigned at first not to recognize him, then she displayed such adislike for him that he abandoned his idea of legal restitution. [Colonel Chabert. ] The Comtesse Ferraud was the last mistress of LouisXVIII. , and remained in favor at the court of Charles X. She andMesdames de Listomere, d'Espard, de Camps and de Nucingen were invitedto the select receptions of the Minister of Finance, in 1824. [TheGovernment Clerks. ]

FERRAUD (Jules), son of Comte Ferraud and Rose Chapotel, the ComtesseFerraud. While still a child, in 1817 or 1818, he was one day at hismother's house when Colonel Chabert called. She wept and he askedhotly if the officer was responsible for the grief of the countess. The latter with her two children then played a maternal comedy whichwas successful with the ingenuous soldier. [Colonel Chabert. ]

FESSARD, grocer at Saumur during the Restoration. Astonished one dayby Nanon's, the servant's, purchase of a wax-candle, he asked if "thethree magi were visiting them. " [Eugenie Grandet. ]

FICHET (Mademoiselle), the richest heiress of Issoudun during theRestoration. Godet, junior, one of the "Knights of Idlesse" paid courtto her mother in the hope of obtaining, as a reward for his devotion, the hand of the young girl. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

FINOT (Andoche), managing-editor of journals and reviews, times of theRestoration and Louis Philippe. Son of a hatter of rue du Coq (now rueMarengo). Finot was abandoned by his father, a hard trader, and made apoor beginning. He wrote a bombastic announcement for Popinot's"Cephalic Oil. " His first work was attending to announcements andpersonals in the papers. He was invited to the Birotteau ball. Finotwas acquainted with Felix Gaudissart, who introduced him to littleAnselme, as a great promoter. He was previously on the editorial staffof the "Courrier des Spectacles, " and he had a piece performed at theGaite. [Cesar Birotteau. ] In 1820 he ran a little theatrical paperwhose office was located on rue du Sentier. He was nephew ofGiroudeau, a captain of dragoons; was witness of the marriage of J. -J. Rouget. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ] in 1821 Finot's paper was on rueSaint-Fiacre. Etienne Lousteau, Hector Merlin, Felicien Vernou, Nathan, F. Du Bruel and Blondet all contributed to it. Then it wasthat Lucien de Rubempre made his reputation by a remarkable report of"L'Alcade dans l'embarras, " a three act drama performed at thePanorama-Dramatique. Finot then lived on rue Feydeau. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ] In 1824 he was at the Opera ball in a group ofdandies and litterateurs, which surrounded Lucien de Rubempre, who wasflirting with Esther Gobseck. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Inthis year Finot was guest at an entertainment at the home ofRabourdin, the chief of bureau, when he allowed himself to be won overto that official's cause by his friend Chardin des Lupeaulx, who hadasked him to exert the voice of the press against Baudoyer, the rivalof Rabourdin. [The Government Clerks. ] In 1825 he was present at abreakfast given at the Rocher de Cancale, by Frederic Marest incelebration of his entrance to the law office of Desroches; he wasalso at the orgy which followed at the home of Florine. [A Start inLife. ] In 1831 Gaudissart said that his friend Finot had an income ofthirty thousand francs, that he would be councillor of state, and wasbooked for a peer of France. He aspired to end up as his"shareholder. " [Gaudissart the Great. ] In 1836 Finot was dining withBlondet, his fellow-editor, and with Couture, a man about town, in aprivate room of a well-known restaurant, when he heard the story ofthe financial trickeries of Nucingen, wittily related by Bixiou. [TheFirm of Nucingen. ] Finot concealed "a brutal nature under a mildexterior, " and his "impertinent stupidity was flecked with wit as thebread of a laborer is flecked with garlic. " [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

FIRMIANI, a respectable quadragenarian who in 1813 married the ladywho afterwards became Mme. Octave de Camps. He was unable, so it wassaid, to offer her more than his name and his fortune. He was formerlyreceiver-general in the department of Montenotte. He died in Greece in1823. [Madame Firmiani. ]

FIRMIANI (Madame). (See Camps, Mme. De. )

FISCHER, the name of three brothers, laborers in a village situated onthe extreme frontiers of Lorraine, at the foot of the Vosges. They setout to join the army of the Rhine by reason of Republicanconscriptions. The first, Pierre, father of Lisbeth--or "Cousin Betty"--was killed in 1815 in the Francstireurs. The second, Andre, fatherof Adeline who became the wife of Baron Hulot, died at Treves in 1820. The third, Johann, having committed some acts of peculation, at theinstigation of his nephew Hulot, while a commissary contractor inAlgiers, province of Oran, committed suicide in 1841. He was overseventy when he killed himself. [Cousin Betty. ]

FISCHER (Adeline). (See Hulot, d'Ervy, Baronne Hector. )

FISCHER (Lisbeth), known as "Cousin Betty"; born in 1796; brought up apeasant. In her childhood she had to give way to her first cousin, thepretty Adeline, who was pampered by the whole family. In 1809 she wascalled to Paris by Adeline's husband and placed as an apprentice withthe well-known Pons Brothers, embroiderers to the Imperial Court. Shebecame a skilled workwoman and was about to set up for herself whenthe Empire was overthrown. Lisbeth was a Republican, of restivetemperament, capricious, independent and unaccountably savage. Shehabitually declined to wed. She refused in succession a clerk of theminister of war, a major, an army-contractor, a retired captain and awealthy lace-maker. Baron Hulot nick-named her the "Nanny-Goat. " Aresident of rue du Doyenne (which ended at the Louvre and wasobliterated about 1855), where she worked for Rivet, a successor ofPons, she made the acquaintance of her neighbor, Wenceslas Steinbock, a Livonian exile, whom she saved from poverty and suicide, but whomshe watched with a jealous strictness. Hortense Hulot sought out andsucceeded in seeing the Pole; a wedding followed between the youngpeople which caused Cousin Betty a deep resentment, cunninglyconcealed, but terrific in its effects. Through her Wenceslas wasintroduced to the irresistible Mme. Marneffe, and the happiness of ayoung household was quickly demolished. The same thing happened toBaron Hulot whose misconduct Lisbeth secretly abetted. Lisbeth died in1844 of a pulmonary phthisis, principally caused by chagrin at seeingthe Hulot family reunited. The relatives of the old maid never foundout her evil actions. They surrounded her bedside, caring for her andlamenting the loss of "the angel of the family. " Mlle. Fischer died onrue Louis-le-Grand, Paris, after having dwelt in turn on rues duDoyenne, Vaneau, Plumet (now Oudinot) and du Montparnasse, where shemanaged the household of Marshal Hulot, through whom she dreamed ofwearing the countess' coronet, and for whom she donned mourning. [Cousin Betty. ]

FITZ-WILLIAM (Miss Margaret), daughter of a rich and noble Irishmanwho was the maternal uncle of Calyste du Guenic; hence the firstcousin of that young man. Mme. De Guenic, the mother, was desirous ofmating her son with Miss Margaret. [Beatrix. ]

FLAMET. (See la Billardiere, Flamet de. )

FLEURANT (Mother), ran a cafe at Croisic which Jacques Cambremervisited. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

FLEURIOT, grenadier of the Imperial Guard, of colossal size, to whomPhilippe de Sucy entrusted Stephanie de Vandieres, during the passageof the Beresina in 1812. Unfortunately separated from Stephanie, thegrenadier did not find her again until 1816. She had taken refuge inan inn of Strasbourg after escaping from an insane asylum. Both werethen sheltered by Dr. Fanjat and taken to Auvergne, where Fleuriotsoon died. [Farewell. ]

FLEURY, retired infantry captain, comptroller of the Cirque-Olympique, and employed during the Restoration in Rabourdin's bureau, of theminister of finance. He was attached to his chief, who had saved himfrom destitution. A subscriber, but a poor payer, to "Victories andConquests. " A zealous Bonapartist and Liberal. His three great menwere Napoleon, Bolivar and Beranger, all of whose ballads he knew byheart, and sang in a sweet, sonorous voice. He was swamped with debt. His skill at fencing and small-arms kept him from Bixiou's jests. Hewas likewise much feared by Dutocq who flattered him basely. Fleurywas discharged after the nomination of Baudoyer as chief of divisionin December, 1824. He did not take it to heart, saying that he had athis disposal a managing editorship in a journal. [The GovernmentClerks. ] In 1840, still working for the above theatre, Fleury becamemanager of "L'Echo de la Bievre, " the paper owned by Thuillier. [The Middle Classes. ]

FLICOTEAUX, rival of Rousseau the Aquatic. Historic, legendary andstrictly honest restaurant-keeper in the Latin quarter between rue dela Harpe and rue des Gres--Cujas--enjoying the custom, in 1821-22, ofDaniel d'Arthez, Etienne Lousteau and Lucien Chardon de Rubempre. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

FLORENT, partner of Chanor; they were manufacturers and dealers inbronze, rue des Tournelles, Paris, time of Louis Philippe. [CousinBetty. Cousin Pons. ]

FLORENTNE. (See Cabirolle, Agathe-Florentine. )

FLORIMOND (Madame), dealer in linens, rue Vielle-du-Temple, Paris, 1844-45. Maintained by an "old fellow" who made her his heir, thanksto Fraisier, the man of business, whom she perhaps would have marriedthrough gratitude, had it not been for his physical condition. [CousinPons. ]

FLORINE. (See Nathan, Mme. Raoul. )

FLORVILLE (La), actress at the Panorama-Dramatique in 1821. Among hercontemporaries were Coralie, Florine, and Bouffe, or Vignol. On thefirst night performance of "The Alcade, " she played in acurtain-raiser, "Bertram. " For a few days she was the mistress of aRussian prince who took her to Saint-Mande, paying her manager a goodsum for her absence from the theatre. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

FOEDORA (Comtesse), born about 1805. Of Russian lower class origin andwonderfully beautiful. Espoused perhaps morganatically by a great lordof the land. Left a widow she reigned over Paris in 1827. Supposed tohave an income of eighty thousand francs. She received in herdrawing-rooms all the notables of the period, and there "appeared allthe works of fiction that were not published anywhere else. " Raphaelde Valentin was presented to the countess by Rastignac and felldesperately in love with her. But he left her house one day never toreturn, being definitely persuaded that she was "a woman without aheart. " Her memory was cruel, and her address enough to drive adiplomat to despair. Although the Russian ambassador did not receiveher, she had entry into the set of Mme. De Serizy; visited with Mme. De Nucingen and Mme. De Restaud; received the Duchesse de Carigliano, the haughtiest of the Bonapartist clique. She had listened to manyyoung dandies, and to the son of a peer of France, who had offered hertheir names in exchange for her fortune. [The Magic Skin. ]

FONTAINE (Madame), fortune teller, Paris, rue Vielle-du-Temple, timeof Louis Philippe. At one time a cook. Born in 1767. Earned aconsiderable amount of money, but previously had lost heavily in alottery. After the suppression of this game of chance she saved up forthe benefit of a nephew. In her divinations Mme. Fontaine made use ofa giant toad named Astaroth, and of a black hen with bristlingfeathers, called Cleopatra or Bilouche. These two animals caughtGazonal's eye in 1845, when in company with De Lora and Bixiou hevisited the fortune-teller's. The Southerner, however, asked only afive-franc divination, while in the same year Mme. Cibot, who came toconsult her on an important matter, had to pay a hundred francs. According to Bixiou, "a third of the lorettes, a fourth of thestatesmen and a half of the artists" consulted Mme. Fontaine. She wasthe Egeria of a minister, and also looked for "a tidy fortune, " whichBilouche had promised her. [The Unconscious Humorists. Cousin Pons. ]

FONTAINE (Comte de), one of the leaders of the Vendee, in 1799, andthen known as Grand-Jacques. [The Chouans. ] One of the confidentialadvisers of Louis XVIII. Field marshal, councillor of state, comptroller of the extraordinary domains of the realm, deputy and peerof France under Charles X. ; decorated with the cross of the Legion ofHonor and the Order of Saint Louis. Head of one of the oldest housesof Poitou. Had married a Mlle. De Kergarouet, who had no fortune, butwho came of a very old Brittany family related to the Rohans. Was thefather of three sons and three daughters. The oldest son becamepresident of a court, married the daughter of a multi-millionaire saltmerchant. The second son, a lieutenant-general, married Mlle. Monegod, a rich banker's daughter whom the aunt of Duc d'Herouville had refusedto consider for her nephew. [Modeste Mignon. ] The third son, directorof a Paris municipality, then director-general in the Department ofFinance, married the only daughter of M. Grossetete, receiver-generalat Bourges. Of the three daughters, the first married M. Planat atBaudry, receiver-general; the second married Baron de Villaine, amagistrate of bourgeois origin ennobled by the king; the third, Emilie, married her old uncle, the Comte de Kergarouet, and after hisdeath, Marquis Charles de Vandenesse. [The Ball at Sceaux. ] The Comtede Fontaine and his family were present at the Birotteau ball, andafter the perfumer's bankruptcy procured a situation for him. [CesarBirotteau. ] He died in 1824. [The Government Clerks. ]

FONTAINE (Baronne de), born Anna Grossetete, only daughter of thereceiver-general of Bourges. Attended the school of Mlles. Chamarolleswith Dinah Piedefer, who became Mme. De la Baudraye. Thanks to herfortune she married the third son of the Comte de Fontaine. Sheremoved to Paris after her marriage and kept up correspondence withher old school-mate who now lived at Sancerre. She kept her informedas to the prevailing styles. Later at the first performance of one ofNathan's dramas, about the middle of the reign of Louis Philippe, Annade Fontaine affected not to recognize this same Mme. De la Baudraye, then the known mistress of Etienne Lousteau. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

FONTANIEU (Madame), friend and neighbor of Mme. Vernier at Vouvray in1831. The jolliest gossip and greatest joker in town. She was presentat the interview between the insane Margaritis and Felix Gaudissart, when the drummer was so much at sea. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

FONTANON (Abbe), born about 1770. Canon of Bayeux cathedral in thebeginning of the nineteenth century when he "guided the consciences"of Mme. And Mlle. Bontems. In November, 1808, he got himself enrolledwith the Parisian clergy, hoping thus to obtain a curacy andeventually a bishopric. He became again the confessor of Mlle. Bontems, now the wife of M. De Granville, and contributed to thetrouble of that household by the narrowness of his provincialCatholicism and his inflexible bigotry. He finally disclosed to themagistrate's wife the relations of Granville with Caroline Crochard. He also brought sorrow to the last moments of Mme. Crochard, themother. [A Second Home. ] In December, 1824, at Saint-Roch hepronounced the funeral oration of Baron Flamet de la Billardiere. [TheGovernment Clerks. ] Previous to 1824 Abbe Fontanon was vicar at thechurch of Saint Paul, rue Saint-Antoine. [Honorine. ] Confessor of Mme. De Lanty in 1839, and always eager to pry into family secrets, heundertook an affair with Dorlange-Sallenauve in the interest ofMariannina de Lanty. [The Member for Arcis. ]

FORTIN (Madame), mother of Mme. Marneffe. Mistress of General deMontcornet, who had lavished money on her during his visits to Pariswhich she had entirely squandered, under the Empire, in the wildestdissipations. For twenty years she queened it, but died in povertythough still believing herself rich. Her daughter inherited from herthe tastes of a courtesan. [Cousin Betty. ]

FORTIN (Valerie), daughter of preceding and of General de Montcornet. (See Crevel, Madame. )

FOSSEUSE (La), orphan daughter of a grave-digger, whence thenick-name. Born in 1807. Frail, nervous, independent, retiring at first, she tried hiring out, but then fell into vagrant habits. Reared in avillage on the outskirts of Grenoble, where Dr. Benassis came to liveduring the Restoration, she became an object of special attention onthe part of the physician who became keenly interested in the gentle, loyal, peculiar and impressionable creature. La Fosseuse though homelywas not without charm. She may have loved her benefactor. [The CountryDoctor. ]

FOUCHE (Joseph), Duc d'Otrante, born near Nantes in 1753; died inexile at Trieste in 1820. Oratorian, member of the NationalConvention, councillor of state, minister of police under theConsulate and Empire, also chief of the department of the Interior andof the government of the Illyrian provinces, and president of theprovisional government in 1815. In September, 1799, Colonel Hulotsaid: "Bernadotte, Carnot, even citizen Talleyrand--all have left us. In a word we have with us but a single good patriot, friend Fouche, who holds everything by means of the police. There's a man for you!"Fouche took especial care of Corentin who was perhaps his natural son. He sent him to Brittany during an uprising in the year VIII, toaccompany and direct Mlle. De Verneuil, who was commissioned to betrayand capture the Marquis de Montauran, the Chouan leader. [TheChouans. ] In 1806 he caused Senator Malin de Gondreville to bekidnapped by masked men in order that the Chateau de Gondreville mightbe searched for important papers which, however, proved ascompromising for Fouche as for the senator. This kidnapping, which wascharged against Michu, the Simeuses and the Hauteserres, led to theexecution of the first and the ruin of the others. In 1833, Marsay, president of the ministerial chamber, while explaining the mysteriesof the affair to the Princesse de Cadignan, paid this tribute toFouche: "A genius dark, deep and extraordinary, little understood butcertainly the peer of Philip II. , Tiberius or Borgia. " [TheGondreville Mystery. ] In 1809 Fouche and Peyrade saved France inconnection with the Walcheren episode; but on the return of theEmperor from the Wagram campaign Fouche was rewarded by dismissal. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

FOUQUEREAU, concierge to M. Jules Desmarets, stock-broker, rue Menarsin 1820. Specially employed to look after Mme. Desmarets. [TheThirteen. ]

FOURCHON, retired farmer of the Ronquerolles estate, near the forestof Aigues, Burgundy. Had also been a schoolmaster and a mail-carrier. An old man and a confirmed toper since his wife's death. At Blangy in1823 he performed the three-fold duties of public clerk for threedistricts, assistant to a justice of the peace, and clarionet player. At the same time he followed the trade of rope-maker with hisapprentice Mouche, the natural son of one of his natural daughters. But his chief income was derived from catching otters. Fourchon wasthe father-in-law of Tonsard, who ran the Grand-I-Vert tavern. [ThePeasantry. ]

FOY (Maximilien-Sebastien), celebrated general and orator born in 1775at Ham; died at Paris in 1825. [Cesar Birotteau. ] In 1821, GeneralFoy, while in the shop of Dauriat talking with an editor of the"Constitutionnel" and the manager of "La Minerve, " noticed the beautyof Lucien de Rubempre, who had come in with Lousteau to dispose ofsome sonnets. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

FRAISIER, born about 1814, probably at Mantes. Son of a cobbler; anadvocate and man of business at No. 9 rue de la Perle, Paris, in1844-45. Began as copy-clerk at Couture's office. After servingDesroches as head-clerk for six years he bought the practice ofLevroux, an advocate of Mantes, where he had occasion to meet Leboeuf, Vinet, Vatinelle and Bouyonnet. But he soon had to sell out and leavetown on account of violating professional ethics. Whereupon he openedup a consultation office in Paris. A friend of Dr. Poulain whoattended the last days of Sylvain Pons, he gave crafty counsel to Mme. Cibot, who coveted the chattels of the old bachelor. He also assuredthe Camusot de Marvilles that they should be the legatees of the oldmusician despite the faithful Schmucke. In 1845 he succeeded Vitel asjustice of the peace; the coveted place being secured for him byCamusot de Marville, as a fee for his services. In Normandy he againacted successfully for this family. Fraisier was a dried-up little manwith a blotched face and an unpleasant odor. At Mantes a certain Mme. Vatinelle nevertheless "made eyes at him"; and he lived at Marais witha servant-mistress, Dame Sauvage. But he missed more than onemarriage, not being able to win either his client, Mme. Florimond, orthe daughter of Tabareau. To tell the truth De Marville advised him toleave the latter alone. [Cousin Pons. ]

FRANCHESSINI (Colonel), born about 1789, served in the Imperial Guard, and was one of the most dashing colonels of the Restoration, but wasforced to resign on account of a slur on his character. In 1808, toprovide for foolish expenditures into which a woman led him, he forgedcertain notes. Jacques Collin--Vautrin--took the crime to himself andwas sent to the galleys for several years. In 1819 Franchessini killedyoung Taillefer in a duel, at the instigation of Vautrin. Thefollowing year he was with Lady Brandon--probably his mistress--at thegrand ball given by the Vicomtesse de Beauseant, just before herflight. In 1839, Franchessini was a leading member of the Jockey club, and held the rank of colonel in the National Guard. Married a richIrishwoman who was devout and charitable and lived in one of thefinest mansions of the Breda quarter. Elected deputy, and being anintimate friend of Rastignac, he evinced open hostility for Sallenauveand voted against his being seated in order to gratify Maxime deTrailles. [Father Goriot. The Member for Arcis. ]

FRANCOIS (Abbe), cure of the parish at Alencon in 1816. "A Cheverus ona small scale" he had taken the constitutional oath during theRevolution and for this reason was despised by the "ultras" of thetown although he was a model of charity and virtue. Abbe Francoisfrequented the homes of M. And Mme. Du Bousquier and M. And Mme. Granson; but M. Du Bousquier and Athanase Granson were the only onesto give him cordial welcome. In his last days he became reconciledwith the curate of Saint-Leonard, Alencon's aristocratic church, anddied universally lamented. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

FRANCOIS, head valet to Marshal de Montcornet at Aigues in 1823. Attached specially to Emile Blondet when the journalist visited them. Salary twelve hundred francs. In his master's confidence. [ThePeasantry. ]

FRANCOIS, in 1822, stage-driver between Paris and Beaumont-sur-Oise, in the service of the Touchard Company. [A Start in Life. ]

FRANCOISE, servant of Mme. Crochard, rue Saint-Louis in Marais in1822. Toothless woman of thirty years' service. Was present at hermistress' death-bed. This was the fourth she had buried. [A SecondHome. ]

FRAPPART, in 1839, at Arcis-sur-Aube, proprietor of a dance-hall wherewas held the primary, presided over by Colonel Giguet, which nominatedSallenauve. [The Member for Arcis. ]

FRAPPIER, finest carpenter in Provins in 1827-28. It was to him thatJacques Brigaut came as apprentice when he went to the town to be nearhis childhood's friend, Pierrette Lorrain. Frappier took care of herwhen she left Rogron's house. Frappier was married. [Pierrette. ]

FREDERIC, one of the editors of Finot's paper in 1821, who reportedthe Theatre-Francais and the Odeon. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

FRELU (La Grande), girl of Croisic who had a child by Simon Gaudry. Nurse to Pierrette Cambremer whose mother died when she was veryyoung. [A Seaside Tragedy. ]

FRESCONI, an Italian who, during the Restoration and until 1828, ran anursery on Boulevard du Montparnasse. The business was not a success. Barbet the book-seller was interested in it; he turned it into alodging-house, where dwelt Baron Bourlac. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

FRESQUIN, former supervisor of roads and bridges. Married and fatherof a family. Employed, time of Louis Philippe, by Gregoire Gerard inthe hydraulic operations for Mme. Graslin at Montegnac. In 1843Fresquin was appointed district tax collector. [The Country Parson. ]

FRISCH (Samuel), Jewish jeweler on rue Saint-Avoie in 1829. Furnisherand creditor of Esther Gobseck. A general pawnbroker. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

FRITAUD (Abbe), priest of Sancerre in 1836. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

FRITOT, dealer in shawls on the stock exchange, Paris, time of LouisPhilippe. Rival of Gaudissart. He sold an absurd shawl for sixthousand francs to Mistress Noswell, an eccentric Englishwoman. Fritotwas once invited to dine with the King. [Gaudissart II. ]

FRITOT (Madame), wife of preceding. [Gaudissart II. ]

FROIDFROND (Marquis de), born about 1777. Gentleman of Maine-et-Loire. While very young he became insolvent and sold his chateau nearSaumur, which was bought at a low price for Felix Grandet by Cruchotthe notary, in 1811. About 1827 the marquis was a widower withchildren, and was spoken of as a possible peer of France. At this timeMme. Des Grassins tried to persuade Eugenie Grandet, now an orphan, that she would do well to wed the marquis, and that this marriage wasa pet scheme of her father. And again in 1832 when Eugenie was left awidow by Cruchot de Bonfons, the family of the marquis tried toarrange a marriage with him. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

FROMAGET, apothecary at Arcis-sur-Aube, time of Louis Philippe. As hispatronage did not extend to the Gondrevilles, he was disposed to workagainst Keller; that is why he probably voted for Giguet in 1839. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

FROMENTEAU, police-agent. With Contenson he had belonged to thepolitical police of Louis XVIII. In 1845 he aided in unearthingprisoners for debt. Being encountered at the home of Theodore Gaillardby Gazonal, he revealed some curious details concerning differentkinds of police to the bewildered countryman. [The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

FUNCAL (Comte de), an assumed name of Bourignard, when he was metat the Spanish Embassy, Paris, about 1820, by Henri de Marsay andAuguste de Maulincour. There was a real Comte de Funcal, aPortuguese-Brazilian, who had been a sailor, and whom Bourignardduplicated exactly. He may have been "suppressed" violently by theusurper of his name. [The Thirteen. ]

 G

GABILLEAU, deserter from the Seventeenth infantry; chauffeur executedat Tulle, during the Empire, on the very day when he had planned anescape. Was one of the accomplices of Farrabesche who profited by ahole made in his dungeon by the condemned man to make his own escape. [The Country Parson. ]

GABRIEL, born about 1790; messenger at the Department of Finance, andcheck-receiver at the Theatre Royal, during the Restoration. ASavoyard, and nephew of Antoine, the oldest messenger in thedepartment. Husband of a skilled lace-maker and shawl-mender. He livedwith his uncle Antoine and another relative employed in thedepartment, Laurent. [The Government Clerks. ]

GABUSSON, cashier in the employ of Dauriat the editor in 1821. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

GAILLARD (Theodore), journalist, proprietor or manager of newspapers. In 1822 he and Hector Merlin established a Royalist paper in whichRubempre, palinodist, aired opinions favorable to the existinggovernment, and slashed a very good book of his friend Danield'Arthez. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] Under Louis Philippehe was one of the owners of a very important political sheet. [Beatrix. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] In 1845 he ran a strongpaper. At first a man of wit, "he ended by becoming stupid on accountof staying in the same environment. " He interlarded his speech withepigrams from popular pieces, pronouncing them with the emphasis givenby famous actors. Gaillard was good with his Odry and still betterwith Lemaitre. He lived at rue Menars. There he was met by Lora, Bixiou and Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

GAILLARD (Madame Theodore), born at Alencon about 1800. Given nameSuzanne. "A Norman beauty, fresh, blooming, and sturdy. " One of theemployes of Mme. Lardot, the laundress, in 1816, the year when sheleft her native town after having obtained some money of M. DuBousquier by persuading him that she was with child by him. TheChevalier de Valois liked Suzanne immensely, but did not allow himselfto be caught in this trap. Suzanne went to Paris and speedily became afashionable courtesan. Shortly thereafter she reappeared at Alenconfor a visit to attend Athanase Granson's funeral. She mourned with thedesolate mother, saying to her on leaving: "I loved him!" At the sametime she ridiculed the marriage of Mlle. Cormon with M. Du Bousquier, thus avenging the deceased and Chevalier de Valois. [Jealousies of aCountry Town. ] Under the name of Mme. Du Val-Noble she became noted inthe artistic and fashionable set. In 1821-22, she became the mistressof Hector Merlin. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ] After having been maintained by Jacques Falleix, thebroker who failed, she was for a short time in 1830 mistress ofPeyrade who was concealed under the name of Samuel Johnson, "thenabob. " She was acquainted with Esther Gobseck, who lived on rueSaint-Georges in a mansion that had been fitted up for her--Suzanne--by Falleix, and obtained by Nucingen for Esther. [Scenes in aCourtesan's Life. ] In 1838 she married Theodore Gaillard her loversince 1830. In 1845 she received Lora, Bixiou, and Gazonal. [Beatrix. The Unconscious Humorists. ]

GAILLARD, one of three guards who succeeded Courtecuisse, and underthe orders of Michaud, in the care of the estate of General deMontcornet at Aigues. [The Peasantry. ]

GALARD, market-gardener of Auteuil; father of Mme. Lemprun, maternalgrandfather of Mme. Jerome Thuillier. He died, very aged, of anaccident in 1817. [The Peasantry. ]

GALARD (Mademoiselle), old maid, landed proprietor at Besancon, rue duPerron. She let the first floor of her house to Albert Savarus, in1834. [Albert Savarus. ]

GALARDON (Madame), nee Tiphaine, elder sister of M. Tiphaine, president of the court at Provins. Married at first to a Guenee, shekept one of the largest retail dry-goods shops in Paris, on rueSaint-Denis. Towards the end of the year 1815 she sold out to Rogronand went back to Provins. She had three daughters whom she providedwith husbands in the little town: the eldest married M. Lesourd, king'sattorney; the second, M. Martener a physician; the third, M. Auffray anotary. Finally she herself married for her second husband, M. Galardon, receiver of taxes. She invariably added to her signature, "nee Tiphaine. " She defended Pierrette Lorrain, and was at outs withthe Liberals of Provins, who were induced to persecute Rogron's ward. [Pierrette. ]

GALATHIONNE (Prince and Princess), Russians. The prince was one of thelovers of Diane de Maufrigneuse. [The Secrets of a Princess. ] InSeptember, 1815, he protected La Minoret a celebrated opera dancer, towhose daughter he gave a dowry. [The Middle Classes. ] In 1819 Marsay, appearing in the box of the Princess Galathionne, at the Italiens, hadMme. De Nucingen at his mercy. [Father Goriot. ] In 1821 Lousteau saidthat the story of the Prince Galathionne's diamonds, the Maubreuilaffair and the Pombreton will, were fruitful newspaper topics. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ] In 1834-35, the princess gaveballs which the Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse attended. [A Daughter ofEve. ] About 1840 the prince tried to get Mme. Schontz away from theMarquis de Rochefide; but she said: "Prince, you are no handsomer, butyou are older than Rochefide. You would beat me, while he is like afather to me. " [Beatrix. ]

GALOPE-CHOPINE. (See Cibot. )

GAMARD (Sophie), old maid; owner of a house at Tours on rue de laPsalette, which backed the Saint Gatien church. She let part of it topriests. Here lodged the Abbes Troubert, Chapeloud and FrancoisBirotteau. The house had been purchased during the Terror by thefather of Mlle. Gamard, a dealer in wood, a kind of parvenu peasant. After receiving Abbe Birotteau most cordially she took a disliking tohim which was secretly fostered by Troubert, and she finallydispossessed him, seizing the furniture which he valued so greatly. Mlle. Gamard died in 1826 of a chill. Troubert circulated the reportthat Birotteau had caused her death by the sorrow which he had causedthe old maid. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

GAMBARA (Paolo), musician, born at Cremona in 1791; son of aninstrument-maker, a moderately good performer and a great composer whowas driven from his home by the French and ruined by the war. Theseevents consigned Paolo Gambara to a wandering existence from the ageof ten. He found little quietude and obtained no congenial situationtill about 1813 in Venice. At this time he put on an opera, "Mahomet, "at the Fenice theatre, which failed miserably. Nevertheless heobtained the hand of Marianina, whom he loved, and with her wanderedthrough Germany to settle finally in Paris in 1831, in a wretchedapartment on rue Froidmanteau. The musician, an accomplished theorist, could not interpret intelligently any of his remarkable ideas and hewould play to his wondering auditors jumbled compositions which hethought to be sublime inspirations. However he enthusiasticallyanalyzed "Robert le Diable, " having heard Meyerbeer's masterpiecewhile a guest of Andrea Marcosini. In 1837 he was reduced to mendingmusical instruments, and occasionally he went with his wife to singduets in the open air on the Champs-Elysees, to pick up a few sous. Emilio and Massimilla de Varese were deeply sympathetic of theGambaras, whom they met in the neighborhood of Faubourg Saint-Honore. Paolo Gambara had no commonsense except when drunk. He had invented anoutlandish instrument which he called the "panharmonicon. " [Gambara. ]

GAMBARA (Marianina), Venetian, wife of Paolo Gambara. With him she leda life of almost continual poverty, and for a long time maintainedthem at Paris by her needle. Her clients on rue Froidmanteau weremostly profligate women, who however were kind and generous towardsher. From 1831 to 1836 she left her husband, going with a lover, Andrea Marcosini, who abandoned her at the end of five years to marrya dancer; and in January, 1837, she returned to her husband's homeemaciated, withered and faded, "a sort of nervous skeleton, " to resumea life of still greater squalor. [Gambara. ]

GANDOLPHINI (Prince), Neapolitan, former partisan of King Murat. Avictim of the last Revolution he was, in 1823, banished and povertystricken. At this time he was sixty-five years old, though he lookedeighty. He lived modestly enough with his young wife at Gersau--Lucerne--under the English name of Lovelace. He also passed for acertain Lamporani, who was at that time a well-known publisher ofMilan. When in the presence of Rodolphe the prince resumed his trueself he said: "I know how to make up. I was an actor during the Empirewith Bourrienne, Mme. Murat, Mme. D'Abrantes, and any number ofothers. "--Character in a novel "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " published byAlbert Savarus, in the "Revue de l'Est, " in 1834. Under thisfictitious name the author related his own history: Rodolphe washimself and the Prince and Princesse Gandolphini were the Duc andDuchesse d'Argaiolo. [Albert Savarus. ]

GANDOLPHINI (Princesse), nee Francesca Colonna, a Roman of illustriousorigin, fourth child of the Prince and Princess Colonna. While veryyoung she married Prince Gandolphini, one of the richest landedproprietors of Sicily. Under the name of Miss Lovelace, she metRodolphe in Switzerland and he fell in love with her. --Heroine of anovel entitled "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " by Albert Savarus. [AlbertSavarus. ]

GANIVET, bourgeois of Issoudun, In 1822, in a conversation whereMaxence Gilet was discussed, Commandant Potel threatened to makeGanivet "swallow his tongue without sauce" if he continued to slanderthe lover of Flore Brazier. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

GANIVET (Mademoiselle), a woman of Issoudun "as ugly as the sevencapital sins. " Nevertheless she succeeded in winning a certainBorniche-Hereau who in 1778 left her an income of a thousand crowns. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

GANNERAC, in transfer business at Angouleme. In 1821-22 he wasinvolved in the affair of the notes endorsed by Rubempre in imitationof the signature of his brother-in-law Sechard. [Lost Illusions. ]

GARANGEOT, in 1845 conducted the orchestra in a theatre run by FelixGaudissart, succeeding Sylvain Pons to the baton. Cousin of HeloiseBrisetout, who obtained the place for him. [Cousin Pons. ]

GARCELAND, mayor of Provins during the Restoration. Son-in-law ofGuepin. Indirectly protected Pierrette Lorrain from the Liberals ofthe village led by Maitre Vinet, who acted for Rogron. [Pierrette. ]

GARCENAULT (De), first president of the Court of Besancon in 1834. Hegot the chapter of the cathedral to secure Albert Savarus as counselin a lawsuit between the chapter and the city. Savarus won the suit. [Albert Savarus. ]

GARNERY, one of two special detectives in May, 1830, authorized by theattorney-general, De Granville, to seize certain letters written toLucien de Rubempre by Mme. De Serizy, the Duchesse de Maufrigneuse andMlle. Clotilde de Grandlieu. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GASNIER, peasant living near Grenoble; born about 1789. Married andthe father of several children whom he loved dearly. Inconsolable atthe loss of the eldest. Doctor Benassis, mayor of the commune, mentioned this parental affection as a rare instance among tillers ofthe soil. [The Country Doctor. ]

GASSELIN, a Breton born in 1794; servant of the Guenics of Guerande, in 1836, having been in their employ since he was fifteen. A short, stout fellow with black hair, furrowed face; silent and slow. He tookcare of the garden and stables. In 1832 in the foolish venture ofDuchesse de Berry, in which Gasselin took part with the Baron duGuenic and his son Calyste, the faithful servant received a sabre cuton the shoulder, while shielding the young man. This action seemed sonatural to the family that Gasselin received small thanks. [Beatrix. ]

GASTON (Louis), elder natural son of Lady Brandon, born in 1805. Leftan orphan in the early years of the Restoration, he was, though stilla child, like a father to his younger brother Marie Gaston, whom heplaced in college at Tours; after which he himself shipped ascabin-boy on a man-of-war. After being raised to the rank of captainof an American ship and becoming wealthy in India, he died at Calcutta, during the first part of the reign of Louis Philippe, as a result ofthe failure of the "famous Halmer, " and just as he was starting backto France, married and happy. [La Grenadiere. Letters of Two Brides. ]

GASTON (Marie), second natural son of Lady Brandon; born in 1810. Educated at the college of Tours, which he quitted in 1827. Poet;protege of Daniel d'Arthez, who often gave him food and shelter. In1831 he met Louise de Chaulieu, the widow of Macumer, at the home ofMme. D'Espard. He married her in October, 1833, though she was olderthan he, and he was encumbered with debts amounting to 30, 000 francs. The couple living quietly at Ville-d'Avray, were happy until a daywhen the jealous Louise conceived unjustifiable suspicions concerningthe fidelity of her husband; on which account she died after they hadbeen married two years. During these two years Gaston wrote at leastfour plays. One of them written in collaboration with his wife waspresented with the greatest success under the names of Nathan and"others. " [La Grenadiere. Letters of Two Brides. ] In his early youthGaston had published, at the expense of his friend Dorlange, a volumeof poetry, "Les Perce-neige, " the entire edition of which found itsway, at three sous the volume, to a second-hand book-shop, whence, onefine day, it inundated the quays from Pont Royal to Pont Marie. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

GASTON (Madame Louis), an Englishwoman of cold, distant manners; wifeof Louis Gaston; probably married him in India where he died as aresult of unfortunate business deals. As a widow she came to Francewith two children, where without resource she became a charge to herbrother-in-law who visited and aided her secretly. She lived in Parison rue de la Ville-Eveque. The visits made by Marie Gaston were spokenof to his wife who became jealous, not knowing their object. Mme. Louis Gaston was thus innocently the cause of Mme. Marie Gaston'sdeath. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

GASTON (Madame Marie), born Armande-Louise-Marie de Chaulieu, in 1805. At first destined to take the veil; educated at the Carmelite conventof Blois with Renee de Maucombe who became Mme. De l'Estorade. Sheremained constant in her relations with this faithful friend--at leastby letter--who was a prudent and wise adviser. In 1825 Louise marriedher professor in Spanish, the Baron de Macumer, whom she lost in 1829. In 1833 she married the poet Marie Gaston. Both marriages weresterile. In the first she was adored and believed that she loved; inthe second she was loved as much as she loved, but her insanejealousy, and her horseback rides from Ville-d'Avray to Verdier's wereher undoing, and she died in 1835 of consumption, contracted purposelythrough despair at the thought that she had been deceived. Afterleaving the convent she had lived successively at the followingplaces: on Faubourg Saint-Germain, Paris, where she saw M. De Bonald;at Chantepleur, an estate in Burgundy, at La Crampade, in Provence, with Mme. De l'Estorade; in Italy; at Ville-d'Avray, where she sleepsher last sleep in a park of her own planning. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

GATIENNE, servant of Mme. And Mlle. Bontems, at Bayeux, in 1805. [ASecond Home. ]

GAUBERT, one of the most illustrious generals of the Republic; firsthusband of a Mlle. De Ronquerolles whom he left a widow at the age oftwenty, making her his heir. She married again in 1806, choosing theComte de Serizy. [A Start in Life. ]

GAUBERTIN (Francois), born about 1770; son of the ex-sheriff ofSoulanges, Burgundy, before the Revolution. About 1791, after fiveyears' clerkship to the steward of Mlle. Laguerre at Aigues, hesucceeded to the stewardship. His father having become publicprosecutor in the department, time of the Republic, he was made mayorof Blangy. In 1796 he married the "citizeness" Isaure Mouchon, by whomhe had three children: a son, Claude, and two daughters, Jenny--Mme. Leclercq--and Eliza. He had also a natural son, Bournier, whom heplaced in charge of a local newspaper. At the death of Mlle. Laguerre, Gaubertin, after twenty-five years of stewardship, possessed 600, 000francs. He ended by dreaming of acquiring the estate at Aigues; butthe Comte de Montcornet purchased it, retained him in charge, caughthim one day in a theft and discharged him summarily. Gaubertinreceived at that time sundry lashes with a whip of which he saidnothing, but for which he revenged himself. The old steward became, nevertheless, a person of importance. In 1820 he was mayor ofVille-aux-Fayes, and supplied one-third of the Paris wood. Beinggeneral agent of this rural industry, he managed the forests, lumberand guards. Gaubertin was related throughout a whole district, likea "boa-constrictor twisted around a gigantic tree"; the church, themagistracy, the municipality, the government--all did his bidding. Even the peasantry served his interests indirectly. When the general, disgusted by the numberless vexations of his estate, wished to sellthe property at Aigues, Gaubertin bought the forests, while hispartners, Rigou and Soudry, acquired the vineyards and other grounds. [The Peasantry. ]

GAUBERTIN (Madame), born Isaure Mouchon in 1778. Daughter of a memberof the Convention and friend of Gaubertin senior. Wife of FrancoisGaubertin. An affected creature of Ville-aux-Fayes who played thegreat lady mightily. [The Peasantry. ]

GAUBERTIN (Claude), son of Francois Gaubertin, godson of Mlle. Laguerre, at whose expense he was educated at Paris. The busiestattorney at Ville-aux-Fayes in 1823. After five years' practice hespoke of selling his office. He probably became judge. [ThePeasantry. ]

GAUBERTIN (Jenny), elder daughter of Francois Gaubertin. (SeeLeclercq, Madame. )

GAUBERTIN (Elisa or Elise), second daughter of Francois Gaubertin. Loved, courted and longed for since 1819 by the sub-prefect ofVille-aux-Fayes, M. Des Lupeaulx--the nephew. M. Lupin, notary atSoulanges, sought on his part the young girl's hand for his only sonAmaury. [The Peasantry. ]

GAUBERTIN-VALLAT (Mademoiselle), old maid, sister of Mme. Sibilet, wife of the clerk of the court at Ville-aux-Fayes, in 1823. She ranthe town's stamp office. [The Peasantry. ]

GAUCHER was in 1803 a boy working for Michu. [The GondrevilleMystery. ]

GAUDET, second clerk in Desroches' law office in 1824. [A Start inLife. ]

GAUDIN, chief of squadron in the mounted grenadiers of the ImperialGuard; made baron of the Empire, with the estate of Wistchnau. Madeprisoner by Cossacks at the passage of the Beresina, he escaped, goingto India where he was lost sight of. However he returned to Franceabout 1830, in bad health, but a multi-millionaire. [The Magic Skin. ]

GAUDIN (Madame), wife of foregoing, managed the Hotel Saint-Quentin, rue des Cordiers, Paris, during the Restoration. Among her guests wasRaphael de Valentin. Her husband's return in 1830 made her wealthy anda baroness. [The Magic Skin. ]

GAUDIN (Pauline), daughter of the foregoing. Was acquainted with, loved, and modestly aided Raphael de Valentin, a poor lodger at HotelSaint-Quintin. After the return of her father she lived with herparents on rue Saint-Lazare. For a long time her whereabouts wereunknown to Raphael who had quitted the hotel abruptly; then he met heragain one evening at the Italiens. They fell into each other's arms, declaring their mutual love. Raphael who also had become rich resolvedto espouse Pauline; but frightened by the shrinkage of the "magicskin" he fled precipitately and returned to Paris. Pauline hastenedafter him, only to behold him die upon her breast in a transport offurious, impotent love. [The Magic Skin. ]

GAUDISSART (Jean-Francois), father of Felix Gaudissart. [CesarBirotteau. ]

GAUDISSART (Felix), native of Normandy, born about 1792, a "great"commercial traveler making a specialty of the hat trade. Known to theFinots, having been in the employ of the father of Andoche. Alsohandled all the "articles of Paris. " In 1816 he was arrested on thedenunciation of Peyrade--Pere Canquoelle. He had imprudently conversedin the David cafe with a retired officer concerning a conspiracyagainst the Bourbons that was about to break out. Thus the conspiracywas thwarted and two men were sent to the scaffold. Gaudissart beingreleased by Judge Popinot was ever after grateful to the magistrateand devoted to the interests of his nephew. When he became minister, Anselme Popinot obtained for Gaudissart license for a large theatre onthe boulevard, which in 1834 aimed to supply the demand for popularopera. This theatre employed Sylvain Pons, Schmucke, Schwab, Garangeotand Heloise Brisetout, Felix's mistress. [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. Cousin Pons. ] "Gaudissart the Great, " then a young man, attendedthe Birotteau ball. About that time he probably lived on rue desDeux-Ecus, Paris. [Cesar Birotteau. ] During the Restoration, a "pretendedflorist's agent" sent by Judge Popinot to Comte Octave de Bauvan, hebought at exorbitant prices the artificial flowers made by Honorine. [Honorine. ] At Vouvray in 1831 this man, so accustomed to fool others, was himself mystified in rather an amusing manner by a retired dyer, asort of "country Figaro" named Vernier. A bloodless duel resulted. After the episode, Gaudissart boasted that the affair had been to hisadvantage. He was "in this Saint-Simonian period" the lover of JennyCourand. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

GAUDRON (Abbe), an Auvergnat; vicar and then curate of the church ofSaint-Paul-Saint-Louis, rue Saint-Antoine, Paris, during theRestoration and the Government of July. A peasant filled with faith, square below and above, a "sacerdotal ox" utterly ignorant of theworld and of literature. Being confessor of Isidore Baudoyer heendeavored in 1824 to further the promotion of that incapable chief ofbureau in the Department of Finance. In the same year he was presentat a dinner at the Comte de Bauvan's when were discussed questionsrelating to woman. [The Government Clerks. Honorine. ] In 1826 AbbeGaudron confessed Mme. Clapart and led her into devout paths; theformer Aspasia of the Directory had not confessed for forty years. InFebruary, 1830, the priest obtained the Dauphiness' protection forOscar Husson, son of Mme. Clapart by her first husband, and that youngman was promoted to a sub-lieutenancy in a regiment where he had beenserving as subaltern. [A Start in Life. ]

GAULT, warden of the Conciergerie in May, 1830, when Jacques Collinand Rubempre were imprisoned there. He was then aged. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

GAY, boot-maker in Paris, rue de la Michodiere, in 1821, who furnishedthe boots for Rubempre which aroused Matifat's suspicion. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

GAZONAL (Sylvestre-Palafox-Castel), one of the most skillful weaversin the Eastern Pyrenees; commandant of the National Guard, September, 1795. On a visit to Paris in 1845 for the settlement of an importantlawsuit he sought out his cousin, Leon de Lora, the landscape artist, who in one day, with Bixiou the caricaturist, showed him the underside of the city, opening up to him a whole gallery full of"unconscious humorists"--dancers, actresses, police-agents, etc. Thanks to his two cicerones, he won his lawsuit and returned home. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

GENDRIN, caricaturist, tenant of M. Molineux, Cour Batave, in 1818. According to his landlord, the artist was a profoundly immoral man whodrew caricatures against the government, brought bad women home withhim and made the hall uninhabitable. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

GENDRIN, brother-in-law of Gaubertin the steward of Aigues. He alsohad married a daughter of Mouchon. Formerly an attorney, then for along time a judge of the Court of First Instance at Ville-aux-Fayes, he at last became president of the court, through the influence ofComte de Soulanges, under the Restoration. [The Peasantry. ]

GENDRIN, court counselor of a departmental seat in Burgundy, and adistant relative of President Gendrin. [The Peasantry. ]

GENDRIN, only son of President Gendrin; recorder of mortgages in thatsub-prefecture in 1823. [The Peasantry. ]

GENDRIN-WATTEBLED (or Vatebled), born about 1733. General supervisorof streams and forests at Soulanges, Burgundy, from the reign of LouisXV. Was still in office in 1823. A nonagenarian he spoke, in his lucidmoments, of the jurisdiction of the Marble Table. He reigned overSoulanges before Mme. Soudry's advent. [The Peasantry. ]

GENESTAS (Pierre-Joseph), cavalry officer, born in 1779. At first aregimental lad, then a soldier. Sub-lieutenant in 1802; officer of theLegion of Honor after the battle of Moskowa; chief of squadron in1829. In 1814 he married the widow of his friend Renard, a subaltern. She died soon after, leaving a child that was legally recognized byGenestas, who entrusted him, then a young man, to the care of Dr. Benassis. In December, 1829, Genestas was promoted to be alieutenant-colonel in a regiment quartered at Poitiers. [The CountryDoctor. ]

GENESTAS (Madame Judith), Polish Jewess, born in 1795. Married in 1812after the Sarmatian custom to her lover Renard, a Frenchquartermaster, who was killed in 1813. Judith gave him one son, Adrien, and survived the father one year. _In extremis_ she marriedGenestas a former lover, who adopted Adrien. [The Country Doctor. ]

GENESTAS (Adrien), adopted son of Commandant Genestas, born in 1813 toJudith the Polish Jewess and Renard who was killed before the birth ofhis son. Adrien was a living picture of his mother--olive complexion, beautiful black eyes of a spirituelle sadness, and a head of hair tooheavy for his frail body. When sixteen he seemed but twelve. He hadfallen into bad habits, but after living with Dr. Benassis for eightmonths, he was cured and became robust. [The Country Doctor. ]

GENEVIEVE, an idiotic peasant girl, ugly and comparatively rich. Friend and companion of the Comtesse de Vandieres, then insane and aninmate of the asylum of Bons-Hommes, near Isle-Adam, during theRestoration. Jilted by a mason, Dallot, who had promised to marry her, Genevieve lost what little sense love had aroused in her. [Farewell. ]

GENOVESE, tenor at the Fenice theatre, Venice, in 1820. Born atBergamo in 1797. Pupil of Veluti. Having long loved La Tinti, he sangoutrageously in her presence, so long as she resisted his advances, but regained all his powers after she yielded to him. [MassimillaDoni. ] In the winter of 1823-24, at the home of Prince Gandolphini, inGeneva, Genovese sang with his mistress, an exiled Italian prince, andPrincess Gandolphini, the famous quartette, "Mi manca la voce. "[Albert Savarus. ]

GENTIL, old valet in service of Mme. De Bargeton, during theRestoration. During the summer of 1821, with Albertine and Lucien deRubempre, he accompanied his mistress to Paris. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ]

GENTILLET, sold in 1835 an old diligence to Albert Savarus when thelatter was leaving Besancon after the visit on the part of PrinceSoderini. [Albert Savarus. ]

GENTILLET (Madame), maternal grandmother of Felix Grandet. She died in1806 leaving considerable property. In Grandet's "drawing room" atSaumur was a pastel of Mme. Gentillet, representing her as ashepherdess. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GEORGES, confidential valet of Baron de Nucingen, at Paris, time ofCharles X. Knew of his aged master's love affairs and aided orthwarted him at will. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GERARD (Francois-Pascal-Simon, Baron), celebrated painter--1770-1837--procured for Joseph Bridau in 1818 two copies of Louis XVIII. 'sportrait which were worth to the beginner, then very poor, a thousandfrancs, a tidy sum for the Bridau family. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ] The Parisian salon of Gerard, much sought after, had arival at Chaussee-d'Antin in that of Mlle. De Touches. [Beatrix. ]

GERARD, adjutant-general of the Seventy-second demi-brigade, commandedby Hulot. A careful education had developed a superior intellect inGerard. He was a staunch Republican. Killed by the Chouan, Pille-Miche, at Vivetiere, December 1799. [The Chouans. ]

GERARD (Gregoire), born in 1802, probably in Limousin. Protestant ofsomewhat uncouth exterior, son of a journeyman carpenter who died whenrather young; godson of F. Grossetete. From the age of twelve thebanker had encouraged him in the study of the exact sciences for whichhe had natural aptitude. Studied at Ecole Polytechnique from nineteento twenty-one; then entered as a pupil of engineering in the NationalSchool of Roads and Bridges, from which he emerged in 1826 and stoodthe examinations for ordinary engineer two years later. He wascool-headed and warm-hearted. He became disgusted with his professionwhen he ascertained its many limitations, and he plunged into the July(1830) Revolution. He was probably on the point of adopting theSaint-Simonian doctrine, when M. Grossetete prevailed upon him to takecharge of some important works on the estate of Mme. Pierre Graslin inHaute-Vienne. Gerard wrought wonders aided by Fresquin and othercapable men. He became mayor of Montegnac in 1838. Mme. Graslin diedabout 1844. Gerard followed out her final wishes, and lived with herchildren, assuming guardianship of Francis Graslin. Three monthslater, again furthering the desires of the deceased, Gerard married anative girl, Denise Tascheron, the sister of a man who had beenexecuted in 1829. [The Country Parson. ]

GERARD (Madame Gregoire), wife of foregoing, born Denise Tascheron, ofMontegnac, Limousin; youngest child of a rather large family. Shelavished her sisterly affection on her brother, the condemnedTasheron, visiting him in prison and softening his savage nature. Withthe aid of another brother, Louis-Marie, she made away with certaincompromising clues of her eldest brother's crime, and restored thestolen money, afterwards she emigrated to America, where she becamewealthy. Becoming homesick she returned to Montegnac, fifteen yearslater, where she recognized Francis Graslin, her brother's naturalson, and became a second mother to him when she married the engineer, Gerard. This marriage of a Protestant with a Catholic took place in1844. "In grace, modesty, piety and beauty, Mme. Gerard resembled theheroine of 'Edinburgh Prison. '" [The Country Parson. ]

GERARD (Madame), widow, poor but honest, mother of several grown-updaughters; kept a furnished hotel on rue Louis-le-Grand, Paris, aboutthe end of the Restoration. Being under obligations to Suzanne duVal-Noble--Mme. Theodore Gaillard--she sheltered her when the courtesanwas driven away from a fine apartment on rue Saint-Georges, followingthe ruin and flight of her lover, Jacques Falleix, the stockbroker. Mme. Gerard was not related to the other Gerards mentioned above. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GIARDINI, Neapolitan cook somewhat aged. He and his wife ran arestaurant in rue Froidmanteau, Paris, in 1830-31. He had established, so he said, three restaurants in Italy: at Naples, Parma and Rome. Inthe first years of Louis Philippe's reign, his peculiar cookery wasthe fare of Paolo Gambara. In 1837 this crank on the subject ofspecial dishes had fallen to the calling of broken food huckster onrue Froidmanteau. [Gambara. ]

GIBOULARD (Gatienne), a very pretty daughter of a wealthy carpenter ofAuxerre; vainly desired, about 1823, by Sarcus for wife, but hisfather, Sarcus the Rich, would not consent. Later the social set ofMme. Soudry, the leading one of a neighboring village, dreamed for amoment of avenging themselves on the people of Aigues by winning overGatienne Giboulard. She could have embroiled M. And Mme. Montcornet, and perhaps even compromised Abbe Brossette. [The Peasantry. ]

GIGELMI, Italian orchestra conductor, living in Paris with theGambaras. After the Revolution of 1830, he dined at Giardini's on rueFroidmanteau. [Gambara. ]

GIGONNET. (See Bidault. )

GIGUET (Colonel), native probably of Arcis-sur-Aube, where he livedafter retirement. One of Mme. Marion's brothers. One of the mosthighly esteemed officers of the Grand Army. Had a fine sense of honor;was for eleven years merely captain of artillery; chief of battalionin 1813; major in 1814. On account of devotion to Napoleon he refusedto serve the Bourbons after the first abdication; and he gave suchproofs of his fidelity in 1815, that he would have been exiled had itnot been for the Comte de Gondreville, who obtained for him retirementon half-pay with the rank of colonel. About 1806 he married one of thedaughters of a wealthy Hamburg banker, who gave him three children anddied in 1814. Between 1818 and 1825 Giguet lost the two youngerchildren, a son named Simon alone surviving. A Bonapartist andLiberal, the colonel was, during the Restoration, president of thecommittee at Arcis, where he came in touch with Grevin, Beauvisage andVarlet, notables of the same stamp. He abandoned active politics afterhis ideas triumphed, and, during the reign of Louis Philippe, hebecame a noted horticulturist, the creator of the famous Giguet rose. Nevertheless the colonel continued to be the god of his sister's veryinfluential salon where he appeared at the time of the legislativeelections of 1839. In the first part of May of that year the littleold man, wonderfully preserved, presided over an electoral conventionat Frappart's, the candidates in the field being his own son, SimonGiguet, Phileas Beauvisage, and Sallenauve-Dorlange. [The Member forArcis. ]

GIGUET (Colonel), brother of the preceding and of Mme. Marion; wasbrigadier of gendarmes at Arcis-sur-Aube in 1803; promoted to alieutenancy in 1806. As brigadier Giguet was one of the mostexperienced men in the service. The commandant of Troyes mentioned himespecially to the two Parisian detectives, Peyrade and Corentin, entrusted with watching the actions of the Simeuses and theHauteserres which resulted in the ruin of these young Royalists onaccount of the pretended seizure of Gondreville. However, an adroitmanoeuvre on the part of Francois Michu at first prevented BrigadierGiguet from seizing these conspirators whom he had tracked to earth. After his promotion to lieutenant he succeeded in arresting them. Hefinally became colonel of the gendarmes of Troyes, whither Mme. Marion, then Mlle. Giguet, went with him. He died before his brotherand sister, and made her his heir. [The Gondreville Mystery. TheMember for Arcis. ]

GIGUET (Simon), born during the first Empire, the oldest and onlysurviving child of Colonel Giguet of the artillery. In 1814 he losthis mother, the daughter of a rich Hamburg banker, and in 1826 hismaternal grandfather who left him an income of two thousand francs, the German having favored others of the large family. He did not hopefor any further inheritance save that of his father's sister, Mme. Marion, which had been augmented by the legacy of Colonel Giguet ofthe gendarmes. Thus it was that, after studying law with thesubprefect Antonin Goulard, Simon Giguet, deprived of a fortune whichat first seemed assured to him, became a simple attorney in the littletown of Arcis, where attorneys are of little service. His aunt's andhis father's position fired him with ambition for a political career. Giguet ogled at the same time for the hand and dowry of CecileBeauvisage. Of mediocre ability; upheld the Left Centre, but failed ofelection in May, 1839, when he presented himself as candidate forArcis-sur-Aube. [The Member for Arcis. ]

GILET (Maxence), born in 1789. He passed at Issoudun for the naturalson of Lousteau, the sub-delegate. Others thought him the son of Dr. Rouget, a friend and rival of Lousteau. In short "fortunately for thechild both claimed him"; though he belonged to neither. His truefather was found to be a "charming officer of dragoons in the garrisonat Bourges. " His mother, the wife of a poor drunken cobbler ofIssoudun, had the marvelous beauty of a Transteverin. Her husband wasaware of his wife's actions and profited by them: through interestedmotives, Lousteau and Rouget were allowed to believe whatever theywished about the child's paternity, for which reason both contributedto the education of Maxence, usually known as Max. In 1806, at the ageof seventeen, Max enlisted in a regiment going to Spain. In 1809 hewas left for dead in Portugal in an English battery; taken by theEnglish and conveyed to the Spanish prison-hulks at Cabrera. There heremained from 1810 to 1814. When he returned to Issoudun his fatherand his mother had both died in the hospital. On the return ofBonaparte, Max served as captain in the Imperial Guard. During thesecond Restoration he returned to Issoudun and became leader of the"Knights of Idlesse" which were addicted to nocturnal escapades moreor less agreeable to the inhabitants of the town. "Max played atIssoudun a part almost identical with that of Smith in 'The Fair Maidof Perth'; he was the champion of Bonapartism and opposition. Theyrelied upon him, as the citizens of Perth had relied upon Smith ongreat occasions. " A possible Caesar Borgia on more extensive ground, Gilet lived very comfortably, although without a personal income. Andthat is why Max with certain inherited qualities and defects rashlywent to live with his supposed natural father, Jean-Jacques Rouget, arich and witless old bachelor who was under the thumb of a superbservant-mistress, Flore Brazier, known as La Rabouilleuse. After 1816Gilet lorded it over the household; the handsome chap had won theheart of Mlle. Brazier. Surrounded by a sort of staff, Maxencecontested the important inheritance of Rouget, maintaining his groundwith marvelous skill against the two lawful heirs, Agathe and JosephBridau; and he would have appropriated it but for the intervention ofa third heir, Philippe Bridau. Max was killed in a duel by PhilippeBridau in the early part of December, 1822. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

GILLE, once printer to the Emperor; owner of script letters whichJerome-Nicolas Sechard made use of in 1819, claiming for them thatthey were the ancestors of the English type of Didot. [LostIllusions. ]

GINA, character in "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " autobiographical novel byAlbert Savarus; a sort of "ferocious" Sormano. Represented as a youngSicilian girl, fourteen years old, in the services of theGandolphinis, political refugees at Gersau, Switzerland, in 1823. Sodevoted as to pretend dumbness on occasion, and to wound more or lessseriously the hero of the romance, Rodolphe, who had secretly enteredthe Gandolphini home. [Albert Savarus. ]

GINETTA (La), young Corsican girl. Very small and slender, but no lessclever. Mistress of Theodore Calvi, and an accomplice in the doublecrime committed by her lover, towards the end of the Restoration, whenshe was able on account of her small size to creep down an openchimney at the widow Pigeau's, and thus to open the house door forTheodore who robbed and murdered the two inmates, the widow and theservant. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GIRARD, banker and discounter at Paris during the Restoration; perhapsalso somewhat of a pawnbroker; an acquaintance of Esther Gobseck's. Like Palma, Werbrust and Gigonnet, he held a number of notes signed byMaxime de Trailles; and Gobseck who knew it used them against thecount, then the lover of Mme. De Restaud, when Trailles went to theusurer in rue des Gres and besought assistance in vain. [Gobseck. ]

GIRARD (Mother), who ran a little restaurant at Paris in rue deTournon, prior to 1838, had a successor with whom Godefroid promisedto board when he was inspecting the left bank of the Seine, and tryingto aid the Bourlac-Mergis. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

GIRARDET, attorney at Besancon, between 1830 and 1840. A talkativefellow and adherent of Albert Savarus, he followed, probably in thelatter's interest, the beginning of the Watteville suit. When Savarusleft Besancon suddenly, Girardet tried to straighten out hiscolleague's affairs, and advanced him five thousand francs. [AlbertSavarus. ]

GIRAUD (Leon), was at Paris in 1821 member of the Cenacle of rue desQuatre-Vents, presided over by Daniel d'Arthez. He represented thephilosophical element. His "doctrines" predicted the end ofChristianity and of the family. In 1821 he was also in charge of a"grave and dignified" opposition journal. He became the head of amoral and political school, whose "sincerity atoned for its errors. "[A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] About the same time Giraudfrequented the home of the mother of his friend Joseph Bridau, and wasgoing there at the time when the painter's elder brother, theBonapartist Philippe, got into trouble. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]The Revolution of July opened the political career of Leon Giraud whobecame master of requests in 1832, and afterwards councillor of state. In 1845 Giraud was a member of the Chamber, sitting in the LeftCentre. [The Secrets of a Princess. The Unconscious Humorists. ]

GIREL, of Troyes. According to Michu, Girel, a Royalist like himself, during the first Revolution, played the Jacobin in the interest of hisfortune. From 1803 to 1806, at any rate, he was in correspondence withthe Strasbourg house of Breintmayer, which dealt with the Simeusetwins when they were tracked by Bonaparte's police. [The GondrevilleMystery. ]

GIRODET (Anne-Louis), celebrated painter, born at Montargis, in 1767, died at Paris in 1824. Under the Empire he was on friendly terms withhis colleague, Theodore de Sommervieux. One day in the latter's studiohe greatly admired a portrait of Augustine Guillaume and an interior, which he advised him, but in vain not to exhibit at the Salon, thinking the two works too true to nature to be appreciated by thepublic. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

GIROUD (Abbe), confessor of Rosalie de Watteville at Besancon between1830 and 1840. [Albert Savarus. ]

GIROUDEAU, born about 1774. Uncle of Andoche Finot; began as simplesoldier in the army of Sambre and Meuse; five years master-at-arms inthe First Hussars--army of Italy; charged at Eylau with ColonelChabert. He passed into the dragoons of the Imperial Guard, where hewas captain in 1815. The Restoration interrupted his military career. Finot, manager of various Parisian papers and reviews, put him incharge of the cash and accounts of a little journal devoted todramatic news, which he ran from 1821 to 1822. Giroudeau was alsoeditor, and his duty it was to wage the warfare; beyond that he liveda gay life. Although on the wrong side of forty and afflicted withcatarrh he had for mistress Florentine Cabirolle of the Gaite. He wentwith the high-livers--among others with his former mess-mate PhilippeBridau, at whose wedding with Flore Brazier he was present in 1824. InNovember, 1825, Frederic Marest gave a grand breakfast to Desroches'clerks at the Rocher de Cancale, to which Giroudeau was invited. Allspent the evening with Florentine Cabirolle who entertained themroyally but involuntarily got Oscar Husson into trouble. Ex-CaptainGiroudeau bore firearms during the "three glorious days, " re-enteredthe service after the accession of citizen royalty and soon becamecolonel then general, 1834-35. At this time he was enabled to satisfya legitimate resentment against his former friend, Bridau, and blockhis advancement. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Start inLife. A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

GIVRY, one of several names of the second son of the Duc deChaulieu, who became by his marriage with Madeleine de Mortsauf aLenoncourt-Givry-Chaulieu. [Letters of Two Brides. The Lily of theValley. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GOBAIN (Madame Marie), formerly cook to a bishop; lived during theRestoration in Paris on rue Saint-Maur, Popinot quarter, under verypeculiar circumstances. She was in the service of Octave de Bauvan. Was the maid and housekeeper of Comtesse Honorine when the latter lefthome and became a maker of artificial flowers. Mme. Gobain had beensecretly engaged by M. De Bauvan, who through her was enabled to keepwatch over his wife. Gobain displayed the greatest loyalty. At onetime the comtesse took the servant's name. [Honorine. ]

GOBENHEIM, brother-in-law of Francois and Adolphe Keller, whose namehe added to his own. About 1819 in Paris he was at first made receiverin the Cesar Birotteau bankruptcy, but was later replaced by Camusot. [Cesar Birotteau. ] Under Louis Philippe, Gobenheim, as broker for theParis prosecuting office, invested the very considerable savings ofMme. Fabien du Ronceret. [Beatrix. ]

GOBENHEIM, nephew of Gobenheim-Keller of Paris; young banker of Havrein 1829; visited the Mignons, but not as a suitor for the heiress'hand. [Modeste Mignon. ]

GOBET (Madame), in 1829 at Havre made shoes for Mme. And Mlle. Mignon. Was scolded by the latter for lack of style. [Modeste Mignon. ]

GOBSECK (Jean-Esther Van), usurer, born in 1740 at Antwerp of a Jewessand a Dutchman. Began as a cabin-boy. Was only ten years of age whenhis mother sent him off to the Dutch possessions in India. There andin America he met distinguished people, also several corsairs;traveled all over the world and tried many trades. The passion formoney took entire hold of him. Finally he came to Paris which becamethe centre of his operations, and established himself on rue des Gres. There Gobseck, like a spider in his web, crushed the pride of Maximede Trailles and brought tears to the eyes of Mme. De Restaud andJean-Joachim Goriot--1819. About this same time Ferdinand du Tilletsought out the money-lender to make some deals with him, and spoke ofhim as "Gobseck the Great, master of Palma, Gigonnet, Werbrust, Kellerand Nucingen. " Gobseck went every evening to the Themis cafe to playdominoes with his friend Bidault-Gigonnet. In December, 1824, he wasfound there by Elisabeth Baudoyer, whom he promised to aid; indeed, supported by Mitral, he was able to influence Lupeaulx to put inIsidore Baudoyer as chief of division succeeding La Billardiere. In1830, Gobseck, then an octogenarian, died in his wretched hole on ruedes Gres though he was enormously wealthy. Derville received his lastwishes. He had obtained a wife for the lawyer and entrusted him withseveral confidences. Fifteen years after the Dutchman's death, he wasspoken of on the boulevard as the "Last of the Romans"--among theold-fashioned money-lenders like Gigonnet, Chaboisseau, and Samanon, against whom Lora and Bixiou set the modern Vauvinet. [Gobseck. FatherGoriot. Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks. The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

GOBSECK (Sarah Van), called "La Belle Hollandaise. " A peculiarity ofthis family--as well as the Maranas--that the female side always keptthe family name. Thus Sarah Van Gobseck was the grand-niece ofJean-Esther Van Gobseck. This prostitute, mother of Esther, who was alsoa courtesan, was a typical daughter of Paris. She caused the bankruptcyof Roguin, Birotteau's attorney, and was herself ruined by Maxime deTrailles whom she adored and maintained when he was a page toNapoleon. She died in a house on Palais-Royal, the victim of a love-madcaptain, December, 1818. The affair created a stir. Juan and FrancisDiard had something to say about it. Esther's name lived after her. The Paris of the boulevards from 1824 to 1839 often mentioned herprodigal and stormy career. [Gobseck. Cesar Birotteau. The Maranas. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Member for Arcis. ]

GOBSECK (Esther Van), born in 1805 of Jewish origin; daughter of thepreceding and great-grand-niece of Jean. For a long time in Paris shefollowed her mother's calling, and having begun it early in life sheknew its varied phases. Was nick-named "La Torpille. " Was for sometime one of the "rats" of the Royal Academy of Music, and numberedamong her protectors, Lupeaulx. In 1823 her reduced circumstancesalmost forced her to leave Paris for Issoudun, where, for amachiavellian purpose, Philippe Bridau would have made her themistress of Jean-Jacques Rouget. The affair did not materialize. Shewent to Mme. Meynardie's house where she remained till about the endof 1823. One evening, while passing the Porte-Saint-Martin theatre, she chanced to meet Lucien de Rubempre, and they loved each other atfirst sight. Their passion led into many vicissitudes. The poet andthe ex-prostitute were rash enough to attend an Opera ball together inthe winter of 1824. Unmasked and insulted Esther fled to rue deLanglade, where she lived in dire poverty. The dangerous, powerful andmysterious protector of Rubempre, Jacques Collin, followed her there, lectured her and shaped her future life, making her a Catholic, educating her carefully and finally installing her with Lucien on rueTaitbout, under the surveillance of Jacqueline Collin, Paccard andPrudence Servien. She could go out only at night. Nevertheless, theBaron de Nucingen discovered her and fell madly in love with her. Jacques Collin profited by the episode; Esther received the banker'sattentions, to the enrichment of Lucien. In 1830 she owned a house onrue Saint-Georges which had belonged previously to several celebratedcourtesans; there she received Mme. Du Val-Noble, Tullia andFlorentine--two dancers, Fanny Beaupre and Florine--two actresses. Hernew position resulted in police intervention on the part of Louchard, Contenson, Peyrade and Corentin. On May 13, 1830, unable longer toendure Nucingen, La Torpille swallowed a Javanese poison. She diedwithout knowing that she had fallen heir to seven millions left by hergreat-grand-uncle. [Gobseck. The Firm of Nucingen. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GODAIN, born in 1796, in Burgundy, near Soulanges, Blangy andVille-aux-Fayes; nephew of one of the masons who built Mme. Soudry'shouse. A shiftless farm laborer, exempt from military duty on accountof smallness of stature; was at first the lover, then the husband, ofCatherine Tonsard, whom he married about 1823. [The Peasantry. ]

GODAIN (Madame Catherine), the eldest of the legitimate daughters ofTonsard, landlord of the Grand-I-Vert, situated between Conches andVille-aux-Fayes in Burgundy. Of coarse beauty and by nature depraved;a hanger-on at the Tivoli-Socquard, and a devoted sister to NicolasTonsard for whom she tried to obtain Genevieve Niseron. Courted byCharles, valet at Aigues. Feared by Amaury Lupin. Married Godain oneof her lovers, giving a dowry of a thousand francs cunningly obtainedfrom Mme. Montcornet. [The Peasantry. ]

GODARD (Joseph), born in 1798, probably at Paris; related slightly tothe Baudoyers through Mitral. Stunted and puny; fifer in the NationalGuard; "crank" collector of curios; a virtuous bachelor living withhis sister, a florist on rue Richelieu. Between 1824 and 1825 apossible assistant in the Department of Finance in the bureau managedby Isidore Baudoyer, whose son-in-law he dreamed of becoming. An easymark for Bixiou's practical jokes. With Dutocq he was an unwaveringadherent of the Baudoyers and their relatives the Saillards. [TheGovernment Clerks. The Middle Classes. ]

GODARD (Mademoiselle), sister of the foregoing, and lived on rueRichelieu, Pais, where in 1824 she ran a florist's shop. Mlle. Godardemployed Zelie Lorain who became later the wife of Minard. Shereceived him and Dutocq. [The Government Clerks. ]

GODARD (Manon), serving-woman of Mme. De la Chanterie; arrested in1809, between Alencon and Mortagne, implicated in the Chauffeurs trialwhich ended in the capital punishment of Mme. Des Tours-Minieres, daughter of Mme. De la Chanterie. Manon Godard was sentenced bydefault to twenty-two years imprisonment, and gave herself up in ordernot to abandon her mistress. A long time after the baroness was setfree, time of Louis Philippe, Manon was still living with her, on rueChanoinesse, in the house which sheltered Alain, Montauran andGodefroid. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

GODDET, retired surgeon-major of the Third regiment of the line; theleading physician of Issoudun in 1823. His son was one of the "Knightsof Idlesse. " Goddet junior pretended to pay court to Mme. Fichet, inorder to reach her daughter who had the best dowry in Issoudun. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

GODEFROID, known by his given name; born about 1806, probably atParis; son of a wealthy merchant; educated at the LiautardInstitution; naturally feeble, morally and physically; tried his handat and made a failure of: law, governmental work, letters, pleasure, journalism, politics and marriage. At the close of 1836 he foundhimself poor and forsaken; thereupon he tried to pay his debts andlive economically. He left Chaussee-d'Antin and took up his abode onrue Chanoinesse, where he became one of Mme. De la Chanteries'boarders, known as the "Brotherhood of the Consolation. " Therecommendation of the Monegods, bankers, led to his admission. Abbe deVeze, Montauran, Tresnes, Alain, and above all the baroness initiatedhim, coached him, and entrusted to him various charitable missions. Among others, about the middle of the reign of Louis Philippe, he tookcharge of and relieved the frightful poverty of the Bourlacs and theMergis, the head of which as an imperial judge in 1809 had sentencedMme. De la Chanterie and her daughter. After he succeeded with thisgenerous undertaking, Godefroid was admitted to the Brotherhood. [TheSeamy Side of History. ]

GODENARS (Abbe de), born about 1795; one of the vicars-general of thearchbishop of Besancon between 1830 and 1840. From 1835 on he tried toget a bishopric. One evening he was present at the aristocratic salonof the Wattevilles, at the time of the sudden flight of AlbertSavarus, caused by their young daughter. [Albert Savarus. ]

GODESCHAL (Francois-Claude-Marie), born about 1804. In 1818, at Paris, he was third clerk in the law office of Derville, rue Vivienne, whenthe unfortunate Chabert appeared upon the scene. [Colonel Chabert. ] In1820, then an orphan and poor, he and his sister, the dancer Mariette, to whom he was devoted, lived on an eighth floor on rueVielle-du-Temple. He had already given evidence of a practicaltemperament, independent and self-seeking, but upright and capable ofgenerous outbursts. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ] In 1822, havingrisen to second clerk, he left Maitre Derville to become head-clerk inDesroches' office, who was greatly pleased with him. Godeschal evenundertook to reform Oscar Husson. [A Start in Life. ] Six years later, while still Desroches' head-clerk, he drew up a petition wherein Mme. D'Espard prayed a guardian for her husband. [The Commission inLunacy. ] Under Louis Philippe he became one of the advocates of Parisand paid half his fees--1840--proposing to pay the other half with thedowry of Celeste Colleville, whose hand was refused him, despite therecommendation of Cardot the notary. Was engaged for Peyrade, in thepurchase of a house near the Madeleine. [The Middle Classes. ] About1845 Godeschal was still practicing, and numbered among his clientsthe Camusots de Marville. [Cousin Pons. ]

GODESCHAL (Marie), born about 1804. She maintained, almost all herlife, the nearest and most tender relations with her brother Godeschalthe notary. Without relatives or means, she kept house with him in1820, on the eighth floor of a house on rue Vielle-du-Temple, Paris. Ambition and love for her brother caused her to become a dancer. Shehad studied her profession from her tenth year. The famous Vestrisinstructed her and predicted great things for her. Under the name ofMariette, she was engaged at the Porte-Saint-Martin and the RoyalAcademy of Music. Her success displeased the famous Begrand. InJanuary, 1821, her angelic beauty, maintained despite her profession, opened to her the doors of the Opera. Then she had lovers. Thearistocratic and elegant Maufrigneuse protected her for several years. Mariette also favored Philippe Bridau and was the innocent cause of atheft committed by him in order to enable him to contend withMaufrigneuse. Four months later she went to London, where she won therich members of the House of Lords, and returned as premiere to theAcademy of Music. She was intimate with Florentine Cabirolle, whooften received in the Marais. There it was that Mariette kept OscarHusson out of serious trouble. Mariette attended many festivities. Andat the close of the reign of Louis Philippe, she was still a leadingfigure in the Opera. [A Bachelor's Establishment. A Start in Life. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Cousin Pons. ]

GODIN, under Louis Philippe, a Parisian bourgeois engaged in a livelydispute with a friend of La Palferine's. [A Prince of Bohemia. ]

GODIN (La), peasant woman of Conches, Burgundy, about 1823, whose cowVermichel threatened to seize for the Comte de Montcornet. [ThePeasantry. ]

GODIVET, recorder of registry of Arcis-sur-Aube in 1839. Through thescheming of Pigoult he was chosen as one of two agents for anelectoral meeting called by Simon Giguet, one of the candidates, andpresided over by Phileas Beauvisage. [The Member for Arcis. ]

GODOLLO (Comtesse Torna de), probably a Hungarian; police spyreporting to Corentin. Was ordered to prevent the marriage of Theodosede la Peyrade and Celeste Colleville. To accomplish this she went tolive in the Thuilliers' house, Paris, in 1840, cultivated them andfinally ruled them. She sometimes assumed the name of Mme. Komorn. Herwit and beauty exercised a passing effect upon Peyrade. [The MiddleClasses. ]

GOGUELAT, infantryman of the first Empire, entered the Guard in 1812;was decorated by Napoleon on the battlefield of Valontina; returnedduring the Restoration to the village of Isere, of which Benassis wasmayor, and became postman. [The Country Doctor. ]

GOHIER, goldsmith to the King of France in 1824; supplied ElisabethBaudoyer with the monstrance with which she decorated the church ofSaint Paul, in order to bring about Isidore Baudoyer's promotion inoffice. [The Government Clerks. ]

GOMEZ, captain of the "Saint Ferdinand, " a Spanish brig which in 1833conveyed the newly-enriched Marquis d'Aiglemont from America toFrance. Gomez was boarded by a Columbian corsair whose captain, theParisian, ordered him cast overboard. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

GONDRAND (Abbe), confessor, under the Restoration, at Paris, of theDuchesse Antoinette de Langeais, whose excellent dinners and pettysins he dealt with at his ease in her salon where Montriveau oftenfound him. [The Thirteen. ]

GONDREVILLE (Malin, his real name; more frequently known as the Comtede), born in 1763, probably at Arcis-sur-Aube. Short and stout;grandson of a mason employed by Marquis de Simeuse in the building ofthe Gondreville chateau; only son of the owner of a house at Arciswhere dwelt his friend Grevin in 1839. On the recommendation ofDanton, he entered the office of the attorney at the chatelet, Paris, in 1787. Head clerk for Maitre Bordin in the same city, the same year. Returned to the country two years later to become a lawyer at Troyes. Became an obscure and cowardly member of the Convention. Acquired thefriendship of Talleyrand and Fouche, in June, 1800, under singular andopportune circumstances. Successively and rapidly became tribune, councillor of state, count of the Empire--created Comte de Gondreville--and finally senator. As councillor of state, Gondreville devoted hisattention to the preparation of the code. He cut a dash at Paris. Hehad purchased one of the finest mansions in Faubourg Saint-Germain andmarried the only daughter of Sibuelle, a wealthy contractor of "shady"character whom Gondreville made co-receiver of Aube, with Marion. Themarriage was celebrated during the Directory or the Consulate. Threechildren were the result of this union: Charles de Gondreville, Marechale de Carigliano, Mme. Francois Keller. In his own interest, Malin attached himself to Bonaparte. Later, in the presence of theEmperor and of Dubois, the prefect of police, Gondreville selfishlysimulated a false generosity and asked that the Hauteserres andSimeuses be striken from the list of the proscribed. Afterwards theywere falsely accused of kidnapping him. As senator in 1809, Malin gavea grand ball at Paris, when he vainly awaited the Emperor'sappearance, and when Mme. De Lansac reconciled the Soulanges family. Louis XVIII. Made him a peer of France. His wide experience andownership of many secrets aided Gondreville, whose counsels hinderedDecazes and helped Villele. Charles X. Disliked him because heremained too intimate with Talleyrand. Under Louis Philippe this bondwas relaxed. The July monarchy heaped honors upon him by making himpeer once more. One evening in 1833 he met at the home of thePrincesse de Cadignan, Henri de Marsay, the prime minister, who had aninexhaustible fund of political stories, new to all the company saveGondreville. He was much engrossed with the elections of 1839, andgave his influence to his grandson, Charles Keller, for Arcis. Heconcerned himself little with the candidates, who were finallyelected; Dorlange-Sallenauve, Phileas Beauvisage, Trailles and Giguet. [The Gondreville Mystery. A Start in Life. Domestic Peace. The Memberfor Arcis. ]

GONDREVILLE (Comtesse Malin de), born Sibuelle; wife of foregoing;person whose complete insignificance was manifest at the great ballgiven in Paris by the count in 1809. [Domestic Peace. ]

GONDREVILLE (Charles de), son of the preceding, and sub-lieutenant ofdragoons in 1818. Young and wealthy, he died in the Spanish campaignof 1823. His death caused great sorrow to his mistress, Mme. Colleville. [The Middle Classes. ]

GONDRIN, born in 1774, in the department of Isere. Conscripted in 1792and put in the artillery. Was in the Italian and Egyptian campaignsunder Bonaparte, as a private, and returned east after the Peace ofAmiens. Enrolled, during the Empire, in the pontoon corps of theGuard, he marched through Germany and Russia; was in the battle atBeresina aiding to build the bridge by which the remnant of the armyescaped; with forty-one comrades, received the praise of General Eblewho singled him out particularly. Returned to Wilna, as the onlysurvivor of the corps after the death of Eble and in the beginning ofthe Restoration. Unable to read or write, deaf and decrepit, Gondrinforlornly left Paris which had treated him inhospitably, and returnedto the village in Dauphine, where the mayor, Dr. Benassis, gave himwork as a ditcher and continued to aid him in 1829. [The CountryDoctor. ]

GONDRIN (Abbe), young Parisian priest about the middle of the reign ofLouis Philippe. Exquisite and eloquent. Knew the Thuilliers. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

GONDUREAU, assumed name of Bibi-Lupin. 

GONORE (La), widow of Moses the Jew, chief of the southern _rouleurs_, in May, 1830; mistress of Dannepont the thief and assassin; ran ahouse of ill-repute on rue Sainte-Barbe for Mme. Nourrisson. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ]

GORDES (Mademoiselle de), at the head of an aristocratic salon ofAlencon, about 1816, while her father, the aged Marquis de Gordes, wasstill living with her. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

GORENFLOT, mason of Vendome, who walled up the closet concealing Mme. De Merret's lover, the Spaniard Bagos de Feredia. [La GrandeBreteche. ]

GORENFLOT, probably posed for Quasimodo of Hugo's "Notre-Dame. "Decrepit, misshapen, deaf, diminutive, he lived in Paris about 1839, and was organ-blower and bell-ringer in the church of Saint-Louis enl'Ile. He also acted as messenger in the confidential financialcorrespondence between Bricheteau and Dorlange-Sallenauve. [The Memberfor Arcis. ]

GORIOT, * (Jean-Joachim), born about 1750; started as a porter in thegrain market. During the first Revolution, although he had received noeducation, but having a trader's instinct, he began the manufacture ofvermicelli and made a fortune out of it. Thrift and fortune favoredhim under the Terror. He passed for a bold citizen and fierce patriot. Prosperity enabled him to marry from choice the only daughter of awealthy farmer of Brie, who died young and adored. Upon their twochildren, Anastasie and Delphine, he lavished all the tenderness ofwhich their mother had been the recipient, spoiling them with finethings. Goriot's griefs date from the day he set each up inhousekeeping in magnificent fashion on Chaussee-d'Antin. Far frombeing grateful for his pecuniary sacrifices, his sons-in-law, Restaudand Nucingen, and his daughters themselves, were ashamed of hisbourgeois exterior. In 1813 he had retired saddened and impoverishedto the Vauquer boarding-house on rue Nueve-Sainte-Genevieve. Thequarrels of his daughters and the greedy demands for money increasedand in 1819 followed him thither. Almost all the guests of the houseand especially Mme. Vauquer herself--whose ambitious designs upon himhad come to naught--united in persecuting Goriot, now well-nighpoverty-stricken. He found an agreeable respite when he acted as ago-between for the illicit love affair of Mme. De Nucingen andRastignac, his fellow-lodger. The financial distress of Mme. De Restaud, Trailles' victim, gave Goriot the finishing blow. He was compelled togive up the final and most precious bit of his silver plate, and begthe assistance of Gobseck the usurer. He was crushed. A serious attackof apoplexy carried him off. He died on rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve. Rastignac watched over him, and Bianchon, then an interne, attendedhim. Only two men, Christophe, Mme. Vauquer's servant, and Rastignac, followed the remains to Saint-Etienne du Mont and to Pere-Lachaise. The empty carriages of his daughters followed as far as the cemetery. [Father Goriot. ]

* Two Parisian theatres and five authors have depicted Goriot's life on the stage; March 6, 1835, at the Vaudeville, Ancelot and Paul Dupont; the same year, the month following, at the Varietes, Theaulon, Alexis de Comberousse and Jaime Pere. Also the _Boeuf Gras_ of a carnival in a succeeding year bore the name of Goriot. 

GORITZA (Princesse), a charming Hungarian, celebrated for her beauty, towards the end of Louis XV. 's reign, and to whom the youthfulChevalier de Valois became so attached that he came near fighting onher account with M. De Lauzun; nor could he ever speak of her withoutemotion. From 1816 to 1830, the Alencon aristocracy were givenglimpses of the princess's portrait, which adorned the chevalier'sgold snuff-box. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

GORJU (Madame), wife of the mayor of Sancerre, in 1836, and mother ofa daughter "whose figure threatened to change with her first child, "and who sometimes came with her to the receptions of Mme. De laBaudraye, the "Muse of the Department. " One evening, in the fall of1836, she heard Lousteau reading ironically fragments of "Olympia. "[The Muse of the Department. ]

GOTHARD, born in 1788; lived about 1803 in Arcis-sur-Aube, where hiscourage and address obtained for him the place of groom to Laurence deCinq-Cygne. Devoted servant of the countess; he was one of theprincipals acquitted in the trial which ended with the execution ofMichu. [The Gondreville Mystery. ] Gothard never left the service ofthe Cinq-Cygne family. Thirty-six years later he was their steward. With his brother-in-law, Poupard, the Arcis tavern-keeper, heelectioneered for his masters. [The Member for Arcis. ]

GOUJET (Abbe), cure of Cinq-Cygne, Aube, about 1792, discovered forthe son of Beauvisage the farmer, who were still good Catholics, theGreek name of Phileas, one of the few saints not abolished by the newregime. [The Member for Arcis. ] Former abbe of the Minimes, and afriend of Hauteserre. Was the tutor of Adrien and Robert Hauteserre;enjoyed a game of boston with their parents--1803. His politicalprudence sometimes led him to censure the audacity of their kinswoman, Mlle. De Cinq-Cygne. Nevertheless, he held his own with the persecutorof the house, Corentin the police-agent; and attended Michu when thatvictim of a remarkable trial, known as "the abduction of Gondreville, "went to the scaffold. During the Restoration he became Bishop ofTroyes. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

GOUJET (Mademoiselle), sister of the foregoing; good-natured old maid, ugly and parsimonious, who lived with her brother. Almost everyevening she played boston at the Hauteserres and was terrified byCorentin's visits. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

GOULARD, mayor of Cinq-Cygne, Aube, in 1803. Tall, stout and miserly;married a wealthy tradeswoman of Troyes, whose property, augmented byall the lands of the rich abbey of Valdes-Preux, adjoined Cinq-Cygne. Goulard lived in the old abbey, which was very near the chateau ofCinq-Cygne. Despite his revolutionary proclivities, he closed his eyesto the actions of the Hauteserres and Simeuses who were Royalistplotters. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

GOULARD (Antonin), native of Arcis, like Simon Giguet. Born about1807; son of the former huntsman of the Simeuse family, enriched bythe purchase of public lands. (See preceding biography. ) Early leftmotherless, he came to Arcis to live with his father, who abandonedthe abbey of Valpreux. Went to the Imperial lyceum, where he had SimonGiguet for school-mate, whom he afterwards met again on the benches ofthe Law school at Paris. Obtained, through Gondreville, the Cross ofthe Legion of Honor. The royal government of 1830 opened up for him acareer in the public service. In 1839 he became sub-prefect forArcis-sur-Aube, during the electoral period. The delegate, Trailles, satisfied Antonin's rancor against Giguet: his officialrecommendations caused the latter's defeat. Both the would-be prefectand the sub-prefect vainly sought the hand of Cecile Beauvisage. Goulard cultivated the society of officialdom: Marest, Vinet, Martener, Michu. [The Member for Arcis. ]

GOUNOD, nephew of Vatel, keeper of the Montcornet estate at Aigues, Burgundy. About 1823 he probably became assistant to the head-keeper, Michaud. [The Peasantry. ]

GOUPIL (Jean-Sebastien-Marie), born in 1802; a sort of humplesshunchback; son of a well-to-do farmer. After running through withhis inheritance, in Paris, he became head-clerk of the notaryCremiere-Dionis, of Nemours--1829. On account of FrancoisMinoret-Levrault, he annoyed in many ways, even anonymously, UrsuleMirouet, after the death of Dr. Minoret. Afterwards he repented hisactions, repaid their instigator, and succeeded the notary, Cremiere-Dionis. Thanks to his wit, he became honorable, straightforward and completely transformed. Once established, Goupilmarried Mlle. Massin, eldest daughter of Massin-Levrault junior, clerk to the justice of the peace at Nemours. She was homely, had adowry of 80, 000 francs, and gave him rickety, dropsical children. Goupil took part in the "three glorious days" and had obtained a Julydecoration. He was very proud of the ribbon. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

GOURAUD (General, Baron), born in 1782, probably at Provins. Under theEmpire he commanded the Second regiment of hussars, which gave him hisrank. The Restoration caused his impoverished years at Provins. Hemixed in politics and the opposition there, sought the hand and aboveall the dowry of Sylvie Rogron, persecuted the apparent heiress of theold maid, Mlle. Pierrette Lorrain--1827--and, seconded by Vinet theattorney, reaped in July, 1830, the fruits of his cunning liberalism. Thanks to Vinet, the ambitious parvenu, Gouraud married, in spite ofhis gray hair and stout frame, a girl of twenty-five, Mlle. Matifat, of the well-known drug-firm of rue des Lombards, who brought with herfifty thousand crowns. Titles, offices and emoluments now flowed inrapidly. He resumed the service, became general, commanded a divisionnear the capital and obtained a peerage. His conduct during theministry of Casimir Perier was thus rewarded. Futhermore he receivedthe grand ribbon of the Legion of Honor, after having stormed thebarricades of Saint-Merri, and was "delighted to thrash the bourgeoiswho had been an eye-sore to him" for fifteen years. [Pierrette. ] About1845 he had stock in Gaudissart's theatre. [Cousin Pons. ]

GOURDON, the elder, husband of the only daugher of the oldhead-keeper of streams and forests, Gendrin-Wattebled; was in 1823physician at Soulanges and attended Michaud. Nevertheless he wentamong the best people of Soulanges, headed by Mme. Soudry, whoregarded him in the light of an unknown and neglected savant, when hewas but a parrot of Buffon and Cuvier, a simple collector andtaxidermist. [The Peasantry. ]

GOURDON, the younger, brother of the preceding; wrote the poem of "LaBilboqueide" published by Bournier. Married the niece and only heiressof Abbe Tupin, cure of Soulanges, where he himself had been in 1823clerk for Sarcus. He was wealthier than the justice. Mme. Soudry andher set gave admiring welcome to the poet, preferring him toLamartine, with whose works they slowly became acquainted. [ThePeasantry. ]

GOUSSARD (Laurent) was a member of the revolutionary municipality ofArcis-sur-Aube. Particular friend of Danton, he made use of thetribune's influence to save the head of the ex-superior of theUrsulines at Arcis, Mother Marie des Anges, whose gratitude for hisgenerous and skillful action caused substantial enrichment to thispurchaser of the grounds of the convent, which was sold as "publicland. " Thus it was that forty years afterwards this adroit Liberalowned several mills on the river Aube, and was still at the head ofthe advanced Left in that district. The various candidates for deputyin the spring of 1839, Keller, Giguet, Beauvisage, Dorlange-Sallenauve, and the government agent, Trailles, treated Goussard with theconsideration he deserved. [The Member for Arcis. ]

GRADOS had in his hands the notes of Vergniaud the herder. By means offunds from Derville the lawyer, Grados was paid in 1818 by ColonelChabert. [Colonel Chabert. ]

GRAFF (Johann), brother of a tailor established in Paris under LouisPhilippe. Came himself to Paris after having been head-waiter in thehotel of Gedeon Brunner at Frankfort; and ran the Hotel du Rhin in ruedu Mail where Frederic Brunner and Wilhelm Schwab alighted pennilessin 1835. The landlord obtained small positions for the two young men;for the former with Keller; for the latter with his brother thetailor. [Cousin Pons. ]

GRAFF (Wolfgang), brother of the foregoing, and rich tailor of Paris, at whose shop in 1838 Lisbeth Fischer fitted out Wenceslas Steinbock. On his brother's recommendation, he employed Wilhelm Schwab, and, sixyears later, took him into the family by giving him Emilie Graff inmarriage. [Cousin Betty. Cousin Pons. ]

GRANCEY (Abbe de), born in 1764. Took orders because of adisapointment in love; became priest in 1786, and cure in 1788. Adistinguished prelate who refused three bishoprics in order not toleave Besancon. In 1834 he became vicar-general of that diocese. Theabbe had a handsome head. He gave free vent to cutting speeches. Wasacquainted with Albert Savarus whom he liked and aided. A frequenterof the Watteville salon he found out and rebuked Rosalie, the singularand determined enemy of the advocate. He also intervened betweenMadame and Mademoiselle de Watteville. He died at the end of thewinter of 1836-37. [Albert Savarus. ]

GRANCOUR (Abbe de), one of the vicars-general of the bishopric ofLimoges, about the end of the Restoration; and the physical antithesisof the other vicar, the attenuated and moody Abbe Dutheil whose loftyand independent liberal doctrines he, with cowardly caution, secretlyshared. Grancour frequented the Graslin salon and doubtless knew ofthe Tascheron tragedy. [The Country Parson. ]

GRANDEMAIN was in 1822 at Paris clerk for Desroches. [A Start inLife. ]

GRANDET (Felix), of Saumur, born between 1745 and 1749. Well-to-domaster-cooper, passably educated. In the first years of the Republiche married the daughter of a rich lumber merchant, by whom he had in1796 one child, Eugenie. With their united capital, he bought at abargain the best vineyards about Saumur, in addition to an old abbeyand several farms. Under the Consulate he became successively memberof the district government and mayor of Saumur. But the Empire, whichsupposed him to be a Jacobin, retired him from the latter office, although he was the town's largest tax-payer. Under the Restorationthe despotism of his extraordinary avarice disturbed the peace of hisfamily. His younger brother, Guillaume, failed and killed himself, leaving in Felix's hands the settlement of his affairs, and sending tohim his son Charles, who had hastened to Saumur, not knowing hisfather's ruin. Eugenie loved her cousin and combated her father'sniggardliness, which looked after his own interests to the neglect ofhis brother. The struggle between Eugenie and her father broke Mme. Grandet's heart. The phases of the terrible duel were violent andnumerous. Felix Grandet's passion resorted to stratagem and stubbornforce. Death alone could settle with this domestic tyrant. In 1827, anoctogenarian and worth seventeen millions, he was carried off by astroke of paralysis. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GRANDET (Madame Felix), wife of the preceding; born about 1770;daughter of a rich lumber merchant, M. De la Gaudiniere; married inthe beginning of the Republic, and gave birth to one child, Eugenie, in 1796. In 1806 she added considerably to the combined wealth of thefamily through two large inheritances--from her mother and M. De laBertelliere, her maternal grandfather. A devout, shrinking, insignificant creature, bowed beneath the domestic yoke, Mme. Grandetnever left Saumur, where she died in October, 1822, of lung trouble, aggravated by grief at her daughter's rebellion and her husband'sseverity. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GRANDET (Victor-Ange-Guillaume), younger brother of Felix Grandet;became rich at Paris in wine-dealing. In 1815 before the battle ofWaterloo, Frederic de Nucingen bought of him one hundred and fiftythousand bottles of champagne at thirty sous, and sold them at sixfrancs; the allies drank them during the invasion--1817-19. [The Firmof Nucingen. ] The beginning of the Restoration favored Guillaume. Hewas the husband of a charming woman, the natural daughter of a greatlord, who died young after giving him a child. Was colonel of theNational Guard, judge of the Court of Commerce, governor of one of thearrondissements of Paris and deputy. Saumur accused him of aspiringstill higher and wishing to become the father-in-law of a pettyduchess of the imperial court. The bankruptcy of Maitre Roguin was thepartial cause of the ruin of Guillaume, who blew out his brains toavoid disgrace, in November, 1819. In his last requests, Guillaumeimplored his elder brother to care for Charles whom the suicide hadrendered doubly an orphan. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GRANDET, (Charles), only lawful child of the foregoing; nephew ofFelix Grandet; born in 1797. He led at first the gay life of a younggallant, and maintained relations with a certain Annette, a marriedwoman of good society. The tragic death of his father in November, 1819, astounded him and led him to Saumur. He thought himself in lovewith his cousin Eugenie to whom he swore fidelity. Shortly thereafterhe left for India, where he took the name of Carl Sepherd to escapethe consequences of treasonable actions. He returned to France in 1827enormously wealthy, debarked at Bordeaux in June of that year, accompanying the Aubrions whose daughter Mathilde he married, andallowed Eugenie Grandet to complete the settlement with the creditorsof his father. [Eugenie Grandet. ] By his marriage he became Comted'Aubrion. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

GRANDET (Eugenie). * (See Bonfons, Eugenie Cruchot de. )

* The incidents of her life have been dramatized by Bayard for the Gymnase-Dramatique, under the title of "The Miser's Daughter. "

GRANDLIEU (Comtesse de), related to the Herouvilles; lived in thefirst part of the seventeenth century; probably ancestress of theGrandlieus, well known in France two centuries later. [The Hated Son. ]

GRANDLIEU (Mademoiselle), under the first Empire married an imperialchamberlain, perhaps also the prefect of Orne, and was received, alone, in Alencon among the exclusive and aristocratic set lorded overby the Esgrignons. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

GRANDLIEU (Duc Ferdinand de), born about 1773; may have descended fromthe Comtesse de Grandlieu who lived early in the seventeenth century, and consequently connected with the old and worthy nobility of theDuchy of Brittany whose device was "Caveo non timeo. " At the end ofthe eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth centuries, Ferdinand de Grandlieu was the head of the elder branch, wealthy andducal, of the house of Grandlieu. Under the Consulate and the Empirehis high and assured rank enabled him to intercede with Talleyrand inbehalf of M. D'Hauteserre and M. De Simeuse, compromised in thefictitious abduction of Malin de Gondreville. Grandlieu by hismarriage with an Ajuda of the elder branch, connected with theBarganzas and of Portuguese descent, had several daughters, the eldestof whom assumed the veil in 1822. His other daughters wereClotilde-Frederique, born in 1802; Josephine the third; Sabine born in1809; Marie-Athenais, born about 1820. An uncle by marriage of Mme. DeLangeais, he had at Paris, in Faubourg Saint-Germain, a hotel where, during the reign of Louis XVIII. , the Princesse de Blamont-Chauvry, the Vidame de Pamiers and the Duc de Navarreins assembled to considera startling escapade of Antoinette de Langeais. At least ten yearslater Grandlieu availed himself of his intimate friend Henri deChaulieu and also of Corentin--Saint-Denis--in order to stay the suitagainst Lucien de Rubempre which was about to compromise his daughterClotilde-Frederique. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Thirteen. ABachelor's Establishment. Modeste Mignon. Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

GRANDLIEU (Duchesse Ferdinand de), of Portuguese descent, born Ajudaand of the elder branch of that house connected with the Braganzas. Wife of Ferdinand de Grandlieu, and mother of several daughters. Ofsedentary habits, proud, pious, good-hearted and beautiful, shewielded in Paris during the Restoration a sort of supremacy over theFaubourg Saint-Germain. The second and the next to the youngest of herchildren gave her much anxiety. Combating the hostility of those abouther she welcomed Rubempre, the suitor of her daughterClotilde-Frederique--1829-30. The unfortunate results of the marriageof her other daughter Sabine, Baronne Calyste du Guenic, occupied Mme. De Grandlieu's attention in 1837, and she succeeded in reconciling theyoung couple, with the assistance of Abbe Brossette, Maxime deTrailles, and La Palferine. Her religious scruples had made her halt amoment; but they fell like her political fidelity, and, with Mmes. D'Espard, de Listomere and des Touches, she tacitly recognized thebourgeois royalty, a few years after a new reign began, and re-openedthe doors of her salon. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Beatrix. ADaughter of Eve. ]

GRANDLIEU (Mademoiselle de), eldest daughter of the Duc and Duchessede Grandlieu, took the veil in 1822. [A Bachelor's Establishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GRANDLIEU (Clotilde-Frederique de), born in 1802; second daughter ofthe Duc and Duchesse de Grandlieu; a long, flat creature, thecaricature of her mother. She had no consent save that of her motherwhen she fell in love with and wished to marry the ambitious Lucien deRubempre in the spring of 1830. She saw him for the last time on theroad to Italy in the forest of Fontainbleu near Bouron and under verypainful circumstances the young man was arrested before her very eyes. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GRANDLIEU (Josephine de). (See Ajuda-Pinto, Marquise Miguel d'. )

GRANDLIEU (Sabine de). (See Guenic, Baronne Calyste du. )

GRANDLIEU (Marie-Athenais de). (See Grandlieu, Vicomtesse Juste de. )

GRANDLIEU (Vicomtesse de), sister of Comte de Born; descended moredirectly than the duke from the countess of the seventeenth century. From 1813, the time of her husband's death, the head of the youngerGrandlieu house whose device was "Grands faits, grand lieu. " Mother ofCamille and of Juste de Grandlieu, and the mother-in-law of Ernest deRestaud. Returned to France with Louis XVIII. At first she lived onroyal bounty, but afterwards regained a considerable portion of herproperty through the efforts of Maitre Derville, about the beginningof the Restoration. She was very grateful to the lawyer, who also tookher part against the Legion of Honor, was admitted to her confidentialcircle and told her the secrets of the Restaud household, one eveningin the winter of 1830 when Ernest de Restaud, son of the ComtesseAnastasie, was paying court to Camille whom he finally married. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Colonel Chabert. Gobseck. ]

GRANDLIEU (Camille de). (See Restaud, Comtesse Ernest de. )

GRANDLIEU (Vicomte Juste de), son of Vicomtesse de Grandlieu; brotherof Comtesse Ernest de Restaud; cousin and afterwards husband ofMarie-Athenais de Grandlieu, combining by this marriage the fortunesof the two houses of Grandlieu and obtaining the title of duke. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Gobseck. ]

GRANDLIEU (Vicomtesse Juste de), born about 1820, Marie-Athenais deGrandlieu; last daughter of Duc and Duchesse de Grandlieu; married toher cousin, the Vicomte Juste de Grandlieu. She received at Paris inthe first days of the July government, a young married woman likeherself, Mme. Felix de Vandenesse, then in the midst of a flirtationwith Raoul Nathan. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Gobseck. ADaughter of Eve. ]

GRANET, deputy-mayor of the second arrondissement of Paris, in 1818, under La Billardiere. With his homely wife he was invited to theBirotteau ball. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

GRANET, one of the leading men of Besancon, under Louis Philippe. Ingratitude for a favor done him by Albert Savarus he nominated thelatter for deputy. [Albert Savarus. ]

GRANSON (Madame), poor widow of a lieutenant-colonel of artillerykilled at Jena, by whom she had a son, Athanase. From 1816 she livedat No. 8 rue du Bercail in Alencon, where the benevolence of a distantrelative, Mme. Du Bousquier, put in her charge the treasury of amaternal society against infanticide, and brought her into contact, under peculiar circumstances, with the woman who afterwards becameMme. Theodore Gaillard. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

GRANSON (Athanase), son of the preceding; born in 1793; subordinate inthe mayor's office at Alencon in charge of registry. A sort of poet, liberal in politics and filled with ambition; weary of poverty andoverflowing with grandiose sentiments. In 1816 he loved, with apassion that his commonsense combated, Mme. Du Bousquier, then Mlle. Cormon, his senior by more than seventeen years. In 1816 the marriagedreaded by him took place. He could not brook the blow and drownedhimself in the Sarthe. He was mourned only by his mother and Suzannedu Val-Noble. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] Nevertheless, eightyears after it was said of him: "The Athanase Gransons must die, withered up, like the grains which fall on barren rock. " [TheGovernment Clerks. ]

GRANVILLE (Comte de), had a defective civil status, the orthography ofthe name varying frequently through the insertion of the letter "d"between the "n" and "v. " In 1805 at an advanced age he lived atBayeux, where he was probably born. His father was a president of theNorman Parliament. At Bayeux the Comte married his son to the wealthyAngelique Bontems. [A Second Home. ]

GRANVILLE (Vicomte de), son of Comte de Granville, and comte upon hisfather's death; born about 1779; a magistrate through familytradition. Under the guidance of Cambaceres he passed through all theadministrative and judicial grades. He studied with Maitre Bordin, defended Michu in the trial resulting from the "Gondreville Mystery, "and learned officially and officiously of one of its results a shorttime after his marriage with a young girl of Bayeux, a rich heiressand the acquirer of extensive public lands. Paris was generally thetheatre for the brilliant career of Maitre Granville who, during theEmpire, left the Augustin quai where he had lived to take up his abodewith his wife on the ground-floor of a mansion in the Marais, betweenrue Vielle-du-Temple and rue Nueve-Saint-Francois. He becamesuccessively advocate-general at the court of the Seine, and presidentof one of its chambers. At this time a domestic drama was beingenacted in his life. Hampered in his open and broad-minded nature bythe bigotry of Mme. De Granville, he sought domestic happiness outsidehis home, though he already had a family of four children. He had metCaroline Crochard on rue du Tourniquet-Saint-Jean. He installed her onrue Taitbout and found in this relation, though it was of briefduration, the happiness vainly sought in his proper home. Granvillescreened this fleeting joy under the name of Roger. A daughterEugenie, and a son Charles, were born of this adulterous union whichwas ended by the desertion of Mlle. Crochard and the misconduct ofCharles. Until the death of Mme. Crochard, the mother of Caroline, Granville was able to keep up appearances before his wife. Thus ithappened that he accompanied her to the country, Seine-et-Oise, whenhe assisted M. D'Albon and M. De Sucy. The remainder of Granville'slife, after his wife and his mistress left him, was passed incomparative solitude in the society of intimate friends like Octave deBauvan and Serizy. Hard work and honors partially consoled him. Hisrequest as attorney-general caused the reinstatement of CesarBirotteau, one of the tenants at No. 397 rue Saint-Honore. He and hiswife had been invited to the famous ball given by Birotteau more thanthree years previously. As attorney-general of the Court of Cassation, Granville secretly protected Rubempre during the poet's famous trial, thus drawing upon himself the powerful affection of Jacques Collin, counterbalanced by the enmity of Amelie Camusot. The Revolution ofJuly upheld Granville's high rank. He was peer of France under the newregime, owning and occupying a small mansion on rue Saint-Lazare, ortraveling in Italy. At this time he was one of Dr. Bianchon'spatients. [The Gondreville Mystery. A Second Home. Farewell. CesarBirotteau. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. A Daughter of Eve. CousinPons. ]

GRANVILLE (Comtesse Angelique de), wife of preceding, and daughter ofBontems, a farmer and sort of Jacobin whom the Revolution enrichedthrough the purchase of evacuated property at low prices. She was bornat Bayeux in 1787, and received from her mother a very bigotededucation. At the beginning of the Empire she married the son of oneof the neighbors of the family, then Vicomte and later Comte deGranville; and, under the influence of Abbe Fontanon, she maintainedat Paris the manners and customs of an extreme devotee. She thusevoked the infidelity of her husband who had begun by simplyneglecting her. Of her four children she retained charge of theeducation of her two daughters. She broke off entirely from herhusband when she discovered the existence of her rival, Mlle. DeBellefeuille--Caroline Crochard--and returned to Bayeux to end herdays, remaining to the last the austere, stingy sanctified creaturewho had formerly been scandalized by the openness of the affair ofMontriveau and Mme. De Langeais. She died in 1822. [A Second Home. TheThirteen. A Daughter of Eve. ]

GRANVILLE (Vicomte de), elder son of the preceding. Was reared by hisfather. In 1828 he was deputy-attorney at Limoges, where he afterwardsbecame advocate-general. He fell in love with Veronique Graslin, butincurred her secret disfavor by his proceedings against the assassinTascheron. The vicomte had a career almost identical with that of hisfather. In 1833 he was made first president at Orleans, and in 1844attorney-general. Later near Limoges he came suddenly upon a scenewhich moved him deeply: the public confession of Veronique Graslin. The vicomte had unknowingly been the executioner of the chatelaine ofMontegnac. [A Second Home. A Daughter of Eve. The Country Parson. ]

GRANVILLE (Baron Eugene de), younger brother of the foregoing. King'sattorney at Paris from May, 1830. Three years later he still held thisoffice, when he informed his father of the arrest of a thief namedCharles Crochard, who was the count's natural son. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. A Second Home. ]

GRANVILLE (Marie-Angelique de). (See Vandenesse, Comtesse Felix de. )

GRANVILLE (Marie-Eugenie de). (See Tillet, Madame Ferdinand du. )

GRASLIN (Pierre), born in 1775. An Auvergnat, compatriot and friend ofSauviat, whose daughter Veronique he married in 1822. He began as abank-clerk with Grosstete & Perret, a first-class firm of the town. Aman of business and a hard worker he became successor to hisemployers. His fortune, increased by lucky speculations with Brezac, enabled him to buy one of the finest places in the chief city ofHaute-Vienne. But he was not able to win his wife's heart. Hisphysical unattractiveness, added to by his carelessness and grindingavarice, were complicated by a domestic tyranny which soon showeditself. Thus it was that he was only the legal father of a son namedFrancis, but he was ignorant of this fact, for, in the capacity ofjuror in the Court of Assizes dealing with the fate of Tascheron, thereal father of the child, he urged but in vain the acquittal of theprisoner. Two years after the boy's birth and the execution of themother's lover, in April, 1831, Pierre Graslin died of weakness andgrief. The July Revolution suddenly breaking forth had shaken hisfinancial standing, which was regained only with an effort. It was atthe time when he had brought Montegnac from the Navarreins. [TheCountry Parson. ]

GRASLIN (Madame Pierre), wife of preceding; born Veronique Sauviat, atLimoges in May, 1802; beautiful in spite of traces of small-pox; hadhad the spoiled though simple childhood of an only daughter. Whentwenty she married Pierre Graslin. Soon after marriage her ingenuousnature, romantic and refined, suffered in secret from the harshtyranny of the man whose name she bore. Veronique, however, held alooffrom the gallants who frequented her salon, especially the Vicomte deGranville. She had become the secret mistress of J. -F. Tascheron, aporcelain worker. She was on the point of eloping with him when acrime committed by him was discovered. Mme. Graslin suffered the mostpoignant anguish, giving birth to the child of the condemned man atthe very moment when the father was led to execution. She inflictedupon herself the bitterest flagellations. She could devote herselfmore freely to penance after her husband's death, which occurred twoyears later. She left Limoges for Montegnac, where she made herselftruly famous by charitable works on a huge scale. The sudden return ofthe sister of her lover dealt her the final blow. Still she had energyenough to bring about the union of Denise Tascheron and GregoireGerard, gave her son into their keeping, left important bequestsdestined to keep alive her memory, and died during the summer of 1844after confessing in public in the presence of Bianchon, Dutheil, Granville, Mme. Sauviat and Bonnet who were all seized with admirationand tenderness for her. [The Country Parson. ]

GRASLIN (Francis), born at Limoges in August, 1829. Only child ofVeronique Graslin, legal son of Pierre Graslin, but natural son ofJ. -F. Tascheron. He lost his legal father two years after his birth, and his mother thirteen years later. His tutor M. Ruffin, his maternalgrandmother Mme. Sauviat, and above all the Gregoire Gerards watchedover his boyhood at Montegnac. [The Country Parson. ]

GRASSET, bailiff and successor of Louchard. On the demand of LisbethFischer and by Rivet's advice, in 1838, he arrested W. Steinbock inParis and took him to Clichy prison. [Cousin Betty. ]

GRASSINS (Des), ex-quartermaster of the Guard, seriously wounded atAusterlitz, pensioned and decorated. Time of Louis XVIII. He becamethe richest banker in Saumur, which he left for Paris where he locatedwith the purpose of settling the unfortunate affairs of the suicide, Guillaume Grandet and where he was later made a deputy. Although thefather of a family he conceived a passion for Florine, a prettyactress of the Theatre du Madame, * to the havoc of his fortune. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

* The name of this theatre was changed, in 1830, to Gymnase-Dramatique. 

GRASSINS (Madame des), born about 1780; wife of foregoing, giving himtwo children; spent most of her life at Saumur. Her husband's positionand sundry physical charms which she was able to preserve till nearlyher fortieth year enabled her to shine somewhat in society. With theCruchots she often visited the Grandets, and, like the family of thePresident de Bonfons, she dreamed of mating Eugenie with her sonAdolphe. The dissipated life of her husband at Paris and thecombination of the Cruchots upset her plans. Nor was she able to domuch for her daughter. However, deprived of much of her property andmaking the best of things, Mme. Des Grassins continued unaided themanagement of the bank at Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GRASSINS (Adolphe des), born in 1797, son of M. And Mme. Des Grassins;studied law at Paris where he lived in a lavish way. A caller at theNucingens where he met Charles Grandet. Returned to Saumur in 1819 andvainly courted Eugenie Grandet. Finally he returned to Paris andrejoined his father whose wild life he imitated. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GRASSOU (Pierre), born at Fougeres, Brittany, in 1795. Son of aVendean peasant and militant Royalist. Removing at an early age toParis he began as clerk to a paint-dealer who was from Mayenne and adistant relative of the Orgemonts. A mistaken idea led him toward art. His Breton stubbornness led him successively to the studios of Servin, Schinner and Sommervieux. He afterwards studied, but fruitlessly, theworks of Granet and Drolling; then he completed his art studies withDuval-Lecamus. Grassou profited nothing by his work with thesemasters, nor did his acquaintance with Lora or Joseph Bridau assisthim. Though he could understand and admire he lacked the creativefaculty and the skill in execution. For this reason Grassou, usuallycalled Fougeres by his comrades, obtained their warm support andsucceeded in getting admission into the Salon of 1829, for his "Toiletof a Condemned Chouan, " a very mediocre painting palpably along thelines of Gerard Dow. The work obtained for him from Charles X. Thecross of the Legion of Honor. At last his canvasses found purchasers. Elie Magus gave him an order for pictures after the Flemish school, which he sold to Vervelle as works of Dow or Teniers. At that timeGrassou lived at No. 2 rue de Navarin. He became the son-in-law ofVervelle, in 1832, marrying Virginie Vervelle, the heiress of thefamily, who brought him a dowry of one hundred thousand francs, aswell as country and city property. His determined mediocrity openedthe doors of the Academy to him and made him an officer in the Legionof Honor in 1830, and major of a battalion in the National Guard afterthe riots of May 12. He was adored by the middle classes, becomingtheir accredited artist. Painted portraits of all the members of theCrevel and Thuillier families, and also of the director of the theatrewho preceded Gaudissart. Left many frightful and ridiculous daubs, oneof which found its way into Topinard's humble home. [Pierre Grassou. ABachelor's Establishment. Cousin Betty. The Middle Classes. CousinPons. ]

GRASSOU (Madame Pierre), born Virginie Vervelle; red-haired andhomely; sole heiress of wealthy dealers in cork, on rue Boucherat. Wife of the preceding whom she married in Paris in 1832. There is aportrait of her painted in this same year before her marriage, whichat first was a colorless study by Grassou, but was dexterouslyretouched by Joseph Bridau. [Pierre Grassou. ]

GRAVELOT brothers, lumber-merchants of Paris, who purchased in 1823the forests of Aigues, the Burgundy estate of General de Montcornet. [The Peasantry. ]

GRAVIER, paymaster-general of the army during the first Empire, andinterested at that time in large Spanish affairs with certaincommanding officers. Upon the return of the Bourbons he purchased attwenty thousand francs of La Baudraye the office of tax-receiver forSancerres, which office he still held about 1836. With the Abbe Duretand others he frequented the home of Mme. Dinah de la Baudraye. He waslittle, fat and common. His court made little way with the baroness, despite his talent and his worldly-wise ways of a bachelor. He sangballads, told stories, and displayed pseudo-rare autographs. [The Museof the Department. ]

GRAVIER, of Grenoble; head of a family; father-in-law of a notary;chief of division of the prefecture of Isere in 1829. Knew Genestasand recommended to him Dr. Benassis, the mayor of the village of whichhe himself was one of the benefactors, as the one to attend AdrienGenestas-Renard. [The Country Doctor. ]

GRENIER, known as Fleur-de-Genet; deserter from the Sixty-ninthdemi-brigade; chauffeur executed in 1809. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

GRENOUVILLE, proprietor of a large and splendid notion store inBoulevard des Italiens, Paris, about 1840; a customer of the Bijous, embroiderers also in business at Paris. At this time an ardent admirerof Mlle. Olympe Bijou, former mistress of Baron Hulot and IdamoreChardin. He married her and gave an income to her parents. [CousinBetty. ]

GRENOUVILLE (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Olympe Bijou, about1824. In the middle of the reign of Louis Philippe she lived in Parisnear La Courtille, in rue Saint-Maur-du-Temple. Was a pretty but poorembroiderer surrounded by a numerous and poverty-stricken family whenJosepha Mirah obtained for her old Baron Hulot and a shop. Havingabandoned Hulot for Idamore Chardin, who left her, Olympe marriedGrenouville and became a well-known tradeswoman. [Cousin Betty. ]

GRENVILLE (Arthur-Ormond, Lord), wealthy Englishman; was being treatedat Montpellier for lung trouble when the rupture of the treaty ofpeace of Amiens confined him to Tours. About 1814 he fell in love withthe Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont, whom he afterwards met elsewhere. Posing as a physician he attended her in an illness and succeeded incuring her. He visited her also in Paris, finally dying to save herhonor, after suffering his fingers to be crushed in a door--1823. [AWoman of Thirty. ]

GREVIN of Arcis, Aube, began life in the same way as his compatriotand intimate friend Malin de Gondreville. In 1787, he was second clerkto Maitre Bordin, attorney of the Chatelet, Paris. Returned toChampagne at the outbreak of the Revolution. There he received thesuccessive protection of Danton, Bonaparte and Gondreville. By virtueof them he became an oracle to the Liberals, was enabled to marryMlle. Varlet, the only daughter of the best physician of the city, topurchase a notary's practice, and to become wealthy. A level-headedman, Grevin often advised Gondreville, and he directed the mysteriousand fictitious abduction--1803 and the years following. Of his unionwith Mlle. Varlet, who died rather young, one daughter was born, Severine, who became Mme. Phileas Beauvisage. In his old age hedevoted a great deal of attention to his children and their brilliantfuture, especially during the election of May, 1839. [A Start in Life. The Gondreville Mystery. The Member for Arcis. ]

GREVIN (Madame), wife of foregoing; born Varlet; daughter of the bestdoctor of Arcis-sur-Aube; sister of another Varlet, a doctor in thesame town; mother of Mme. Severine Phileas Beauvisage. With Mme. Marion she was more or less implicated in the Gondreville mystery. Shedied rather young. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

GREVIN, corsair, who served under Admiral de Simeuse in the Indies. In1816, paralyzed and deaf, he lived with his granddaughter, Mme. Lardot, a laundress of Alencon, who employed Cesarine and Suzanne andwas patronized by the Chevalier de Valois. [Jealousies of a CountryTown. ]

GRIBEAUCOURT (Mademoiselle de), old maid of Saumur and friend of theCruchots during the Restoration. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

GRIFFITH (Miss), born in 1787; Scotch woman, daughter of a minister instraitened circumstances; under the Restoration she was governess ofLouise de Chaulieu, whose love she won by reason of her kindliness andpenetration. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

GRIGNAULT (Sophie). (See Nathan, Mme. Raoul. )

GRIMBERT, held, in 1819, at Ruffec, Charente, the office of the RoyalCouriers. At that time he received from Mlles. Laure and Agathe deRastignac, a considerable sum of money addressed to their brotherEugene, at the Pension Vauquer, Paris. [Father Goriot. ]

GRIMONT, born about 1786; a priest of some capability; cure ofGuerande, Brittany. In 1836, a constant visitor at the Guenics, heexerted a tardily acquired influence over Felicite des Touches, whosedisappointments in love he fathomed and whom he determined to turntowards a religious life. Her conversion gave Grimont thevicar-generalship of the diocese of Nantes. [Beatrix. ]

GRIMPEL, physician at Paris in the Pantheon quarter, time of LouisXVIII. Among his patients was Mme. Vauquer, who sent for him to attendVautrin when the latter was overcome by a narcotic treacherouslyadministered by Mlle. Michonneau. [Father Goriot. ]

GRINDOT, French architect in the first half of the nineteenth century;won the Roman prize in 1814. His talent, which met the approval of theAcademy, was heartily recognized by the masses of Paris. About the endof 1818 Cesar Birotteau gave him carte-blanche in the remodeling ofhis apartments on rue Saint-Honore, and invited him to his ball. Matifat, between the years 1821 and 1822, commissioned him to ornamentthe suite of Mme. Raoul Nathan on rue de Bondy. The Comte de Serizyemployed him likewise in 1822 in the restoration of his chateau ofPresles near Beaumont-sur-Oise. About 1829 Grindot embellished alittle house on rue Saint-Georges where successively dwelt SuzanneGaillard and Esther van Gobseck. Time of Louis Philippe, Arthur deRochefide, and M. And Mme. Fabien du Ronceret gave him contracts. Hisdecline and that of the monarchy coincided. He was no longer in vogueduring the July government. On motion of Chaffaroux he receivedtwenty-five thousand francs for the decoration of four rooms ofThuillier's. Lastly Crevel, an imitator and grinder, utilized Grindoton rue des Saussaies, rue du Dauphin and rue Barbet-de-Jouy for hisofficial and secret habitations. [Cesar Birotteau. Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. A Start in Life. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. Beatrix. The Middle Classes. Cousin Betty. ]

GROISON, non-commissioned officer of cavalry in the Imperial Guard;later, during the Restoraton, estate-keeper of Blangy, where hesucceeded Vaudoyer at a salary of three hundred francs. Montcornet, mayor of that commune arranged a marriage between the old soldier andthe orphan daughter of one of his farmers who brought him three acresof vineyards. [The Peasantry. ]

GROS (Antoine-Jean), celebrated painter born in Paris in 1771, drownedhimself June, 1835. Was the teacher of Joseph Bridau and, despite hisparsimonious habits, supplied materials--about 1818--to the futurepainter of "The Venetian Senator and the Courtesan" enabling him toobtain five thousand francs from a double government position. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

GROSLIER, police commissioner of Arcis-sur-Aube at the beginning ofthe electoral campaign of 1839. [The Member for Arcis. ]

GROSMORT, small boy of Alencon in 1816. Left the town in that year andwent to Prebaudet, an estate of Mme. Du Bousquier, to tell her ofTroisville's arrival. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

GROSS-NARP (Comte de), son-in-law, no doubt fictitious, of a verygreat lady, invented and represented by Jacqueline Collin to serve themenaced interests of Jacques Collin in Paris about the end of theRestoration. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

GROSSTETE (F. ), director, with Perret, of a Limoges banking-house, during the Empire and Restoration. His clerk and successor was PierreGraslin. Retired from business, a married man, wealthy, devoted tohorticulture, he spent much of his time in the fields in the outskirtsof Limoges. Endowed with a superior intellect, he seemed to understandVeronique Graslin, whose society he sought and whose secrets he triedto fathom. He introduced his godson, Gregoire Gerard, to her. [TheCountry Parson. ]

GROSSTETE (Madame F. ), wife of preceding; a person of some importancein Limoges, time of the Restoration. [The Country Parson. ]

GROSSTETE, younger brother of F. Grosstete. Receiver-general atBourges during the Restoration. He had a large fortune which enabledhis daughter Anna to wed a Fontaine about 1823. [The Country Parson. The Muse of the Department. ]

GROZIER (Abbe) was chosen, in the early part of the Restoration, toarbitrate the dispute of two proof-readers--one of whom was Saint-Simon--over Chinese paper. He proved that the Chinese make their paperfrom bamboo. [Lost Illusions. ] He was librarian of the Arsenal atParis. Was tutor of the Marquis d'Espard. Was learned in the historyand manners of China. Taught this knowledge to his pupil. [TheCommission in Lunacy. ]*

* Abbe Grozier, or Crozier (Jean Baptiste-Gabriel-Alexandre), born March 1, 1743, at Saint-Omer, died December 8, 1823, at Paris; collaborator of the "Literary Year" with Freron and Geoffroy, and author of a "General History of China"--Paris 1777-1784, 12 vols. 

GRUGET (Madame Etienne), born in the latter part of the eighteenthcentury. About 1820, lace-maker at No. 12 rue des Enfants-Rouges, Paris, where she concealed and cared for Gratien Bourignard, the loverof her daughter Ida, who drowned herself. Bourignard was the father ofMme. Jules Desmarets. [The Thirteen. ] Becoming a nurse about the endof 1824, Mme. Gruget attended the division-chief, La Billiardiere, inhis final sickness. [The Government Clerks. ] In 1828 she followed thesame profession for ten sous a day, including board. At that time sheattended the last illness of Comtesse Flore Philippe de Brambourg, onrue Chaussee-d'Antin, before the invalid was removed to the Duboishospital. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

GRUGET (Ida), daughter of the preceding. About 1820 was a corset-fitterat No. 14 rue de la Corderie-du-Temple, Paris; employed by Mme. Meynardie. She was also the mistress of Gatien Bourignard. Passionately jealous, she rashly made a scene in the home of JulesDesmarets, her lover's son-in-law. Then she drowned herself, in a fitof despair, and was buried in a little cemetery of a village ofSeine-et-Oise. [The Thirteen. ]

GUA SAINT-CYR (Madame du), in spite of the improbability aroused onaccount of her age, passed for a time, in 1799, as the mother ofAlphonse de Montauran. She had been married and was then a widow; Guawas not her true name. She was the last mistress of Charette and, being still young, took his place with the youthful Alphonse deMontauran. She displayed a savage jealousy for Mlle. De Verneuil. Oneof the first Vendean sallies of 1799, planned by Mme. Du Gua, wasunsuccessful and absurd. The old "mare of Charette" caused the coachbetween Mayenne and Fougeres to be waylaid; but the money stolen wasthat which was being sent her by her mother. [The Chouans. ]

GUA SAINT-CYR (Du), name assumed in Brittany, in 1799, by Alphonse deMontauran, the Chouan leader. [The Chouans. ]

GUA SAINT-CYR (Monsieur and Madame du), son and mother; rightfulbearers of the name were murdered, with the courier, in November bythe Chouans. [The Chouans. ]

GUDIN (Abbe), born about 1759; was one of the Chouan leaders in 1799. He was a formidable fellow, one of the Jesuits stubborn enough, perhaps devoted enough, to oppose upon French soil the proscriptiveedict of 1793. This firebrand of Western conflict fell, slain by theBlues, almost under the eyes of his patriot nephew, thesub-lieutenant, Gudin. [The Chouans. ]

GUDIN, nephew of the preceding, and nevertheless a patriot conscriptfrom Fougeres, Brittany, during the campaign of 1799; successivelycorporal and sub-lieutenant. The former grade was obtained throughHulot. Was the superior of Beau-Pied. Gudin was killed near Fougeresby Marie de Verneuil, who had assumed the attire of her husband, Alphonse de Montauran. [The Chouans. ]

GUENEE (Madame). (See Galardon, Madame. )

GUENIC (Gaudebert-Calyste-Charles, Baron du), born in 1763. Head of aBreton house of very ancient founding, he justified throughout hislong life the device upon his coat-of-arms, which read: "Fac!" Withouthope of reward he constantly defended, in Vendee and Brittany, his Godand his king by service as private soldier and captain, with Charette, Chatelineau, La Rochejacquelein, Elbee, Bonchamp and the Prince ofLoudon. Was one of the commanders of the campaign of 1799 when he borethe name of "L'Intime, " and was, with Bauvan, a witness to themarriage _in extremis_ of Alphonse de Montauran and Marie de Verneuil. Three years later he went to Ireland, where he married Miss FannyO'Brien, of a noble family of that country. Events of 1814 permittedhis return to Guerande, Loire-Inferieure, where his house, thoughimpoverished, wielded great influence. In recognition of hisunfaltering devotion to the Royalist cause, M. Du Guenic received onlythe Cross of Saint-Louis. Incapable of protesting, he intrepidlydefended his town against the battalions of General Travot in thefollowing year. The final Chouan insurrection, that of 1832, calledhim to arms once again. Accompanied by Calyste, his only son, and aservant, Gasselin, he returned to Guerande, lived there for someyears, despite his numerous wounds, and died suddenly, at the age ofseventy-four, in 1837. [The Chouans. Beatrix. ]

GUENIC (Baronne du), wife of the preceding; native of Ireland; bornFanny O'Brien, about 1793, of aristocratic lineage. Poor andsurrounded by wealthy relatives, beautiful and distinguished, shemarried, in 1813, Baron du Guenic, following him the succeeding yearto Guerande and devoting her life and youth to him. She bore one son, Calyste, to whom she was more like an elder sister. She watchedclosely the two mistresses of the young man, and finally understoodFelicite des Touches; but she always was in a tremor on account ofBeatrix de Rochefide, even after the marriage of Calyste, which tookplace in the year of the baron's death. [Beatrix. ]

GUENIC (Gaudebert-Calyste-Louis du), probably born in 1815, atGuerande, Loire-Inferieure; only son of the foregoing, by whom he wasadored, and to whose dual influence he was subject. He was thephysical and moral replica of his mother. His father wished to makehim a gentleman of the old school. In 1832 he fought for the heir ofthe Bourbons. He had other aspirations which he was able to satisfy atthe home of an illustrious chatelaine of the vicinity, Mlle. Felicitedes Touches. The chevalier was much enamored of the celebratedauthoress, who had great influence over him, did not accept him andturned him over to Mme. De Rochefide. Beatrix played with the heir ofthe house of Guenic the same ill-starred comedy carried through byAntoinette de Langeais with regard to Montriveau. Calyste marriedMlle. Sabine de Grandlieu, and took the title of baron after hisfather's death. He lived in Paris on Faubourg Saint-Germain, andbetween 1838 and 1840 was acquainted with Georges de Maufrigneuse, Savinien de Portenduere, the Rhetores, the Lenoncourt-Chaulieus andMme. De Rochefide--whose lover he finally became. The intervention ofthe Duchesse de Grandlieu put an end to this love affair. [Beatrix. ]

GUENIC (Madame Calyste du), born Sabine de Grandlieu; wife of thepreceding, whom she married about 1837. Nearly three years later shewas in danger of dying upon hearing, at her confinement, that she hada fortunate rival in the person of Beatrix de Rochefide. [Beatrix. ]

GUENIC (Zephirine du) born in 1756 at Guerande; lived almost all herlife with her younger brother, the Baron du Guenic, whose ideas, principles and opinions she shared. She dreamed of a rehabilitation ofher improverished house, and pushed her economy to the point ofrefusng to undergo an operation for cataract. For a long time shewished that Mlle. Charlotte de Kergarouet might become her niece bymarriage. [Beatrix. ]

GUEPIN, of Provins, located in Paris. He had at the "TroisQuenouilles" one of the largest draper's shops on rue Saint-Denis. Hishead-clerk was his compatriot, Jerome-Denis Rogron. In 1815, he turnedover his business to his grandson and returned to Provins, where hisfamily formed a clan. Later Rogron retired also and rejoined himthere. [Pierrette. ]

GUERBET, wealthy farmer in the country near Ville-aux-Fayes; married, in the last of the eighteenth or first of the nineteenth century, theonly daughter of Mouchon junior, then postmaster of Conches, Burgundy. After the death of his father-in-law, about 1817, he succeeded to theoffice. [The Peasantry. ]

GUERBET, brother of the foregoing, and related to the Gaubertins andGendrins. Rich tax-collector of Soulanges, Burgundy. Stout, dumpyfellow with a butter face, wig, earrings, and immense collars; givento pomology; was the wit of the village and one of the lions of Mme. Soudry's salon. [The Peasantry. ]

GUERBET, circuit judge of Ville-aux-Fayes, Burgundy, in 1823. Like hisuncle, the postmaster, and his father, the tax-collector, he wasentirely devoted to Gaubertin. [The Peasantry. ]

GUILLAUME, in the course of, or at the end of the eighteenth century, began as clerk to Chevrel, draper, on rue Saint-Denis, Paris, "at theSign of the Cat and Racket"; afterwards became his son-in-law, succeeded him, became wealthy and retired, during the first Empire, after marrying off his two daughters, Virginie and Augustine, in thesame day. He became member of the Consultation Committee for theuniforming of the troops, changed his home, living in a house of hisown on rue du Colombier, was intimate with the Ragons and theBirotteaus, being invited with his wife to the ball given by thelatter. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. Cesar Birotteau. ]

GUILLAUME (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Chevrel; cousin ofMme. Roguin; a stiff-necked, middle-class woman, who was scandalizedby the marriage of her second daughter, Augustine, with Theodore deSommervieux. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

GUILLAUME, servant of Marquis d'Aiglemont in 1823. [A Woman ofThirty. ]

GUINARD (Abbe), priest of Sancerre in 1836. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

GYAS (Marquise de), lived at Bordeaux during the Restoration; gavemuch thought to marrying off her daughter, and, being intimate withMme. Evangelista, felt hurt when Natalie Evangelista married Paul deManerville in 1822. However, the Marquis de Gyas was one of thewitnesses at the wedding. [A Marriage Settlement. ]

 H

HABERT (Abbe), vicar at Provins under the Restoration; a stern, ambitious prelate, a source of annoyance to Vinet; dreamed of marryinghis sister Celeste to Jerome-Denis Rogron. [Pierrette. ]

HABERT (Celeste), sister of the preceding; born about 1797; managed agirls' boarding-school at Provins, in the closing years of CharlesX. 's reign. Visited at the Rogrons. Gouraud and Vinet shunned her. [Pierrette. ]

HADOT (Madame), who lived at La Charite, Nievre, in 1836, was mistakenfor Mme. Barthelemy-Hadot, the French novelist, whose name wasmentioned at Mme. De la Baudraye's, near Sancerre. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

HALGA (Chevalier du), naval officer greatly esteemed by Suffren andPortenduere; captain of Kergarouet's flagship; lover of that admiral'swife, whom he survived. He served in the Indian and Russian waters, refused to take up arms against France, and returned with a pettypension after the emigration. Knew Richelieu intimately. Remained inParis the inseparable friend and adherent of Kergarouet. Called nearthe Madeleine upon the Mesdames de Rouville, other protegees of hispatron. The death of Louis XVIII. Took Halga back to Guerande, hisnative town, where he became mayor and was still living in 1836. Hewas well acquainted with the Guenics and made himself ridiculous byhis fancied ailments as well as by his solicitude for his dog, Thisbe. [The Purse. Beatrix. ]

HALPERSOHN (Moses), a refugee Polish Jew, excellent physician, communist, very eccentric, avaricious, friend of Lelewel theinsurrectionist. Time of Louis Philippe at Paris, he attended Vanda deMergi, given up by several doctors, and also diagnosed her complicateddisease. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

HALPERTIUS, assumed name of Jacques Collin. 

HANNEQUIN (Leopold), Parisian notary. The "Revue de l'Est, " a paperpublished at Besancon, time of Louis Philippe, gave, in anautobiographical novel of its editor-in-chief, Albert Savarus, entitled "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " the story of the boyhood of LeopoldHannequin, the author's inseparable friend. Savarus told of theirjoint travels, and of the quiet preparation made by his friend for anotaryship during the time known as the Restoration. During themonarchy of the barricades Hannequin remained the steadfast friend ofSavarus, being one of the first to find his hiding-place. At that timethe notary had an office in Paris. He married there to advantage, became head of a family, and deputy-mayor of a precinct, and obtainedthe decoration for a wound received at the cloister of Saint-Merri. Hewas welcomed and made use of in the Faubourg Saint-Germain, theSaint-Georges quarter and the Marais. At the Grandlieus' request hedrew up the marriage settlement of their daughter Sabine with Calyste duGuenic--1837. Four years later he consulted with old Marshal Hulot, onrue du Montparnasse, regarding his will in behalf of Mlle. Fischer andMme. Steinbock. About 1845, at the request of Heloise Brisetout, hedrew up Sylvain Pons' will. [Albert Savarus. Beatrix. Cousin Betty. Cousin Pons. ]

HAPPE & DUNCKER, celebrated bankers of Amsterdam, amateur art-collectors, and snobbish parvenus, bought, in 1813, the fine gallery of BalthazarClaes, paying one hundred thousand ducats for it. [The Quest of theAbsolute. ]

HAUDRY, doctor at Paris during the first part of the nineteenthcentury. An old man and an upholder of old treatments; having apractice mainly among the middle class. Attended Cesar Birotteau, Jules Desmarets, Mme. Descoings and Vanda de Mergi. His name was stillcited at the end of Louis Philippe's reign. [Cesar Birotteau. TheThirteen. A Bachelor's Establishment. The Seamy Side of History. Cousin Pons. ]

HAUGOULT (Pere), oratorian and regent of the Vendome college, about1811. Stern and narrow-minded, he did not comprehend the buddinggenius of one of his pupils, Louis Lambert, but destroyed the"Treatise on the Will, " written by the lad. [Louis Lambert. ]

HAUTESERRE (D'), born in 1751; grandfather of Marquis de Cinq-Cygne;guardian of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne; father of Robert and Adriend'Hauteserre. A gentleman of caution he would willingly have parleyedwith the Revolution; he made this evident after 1803 in the Arcisprecinct where he resided, and especially during the succeeding yearsmarked by an affair which jeopardized the lives of some of his family. Gondreville, Peyrade, Corentin, Fouche and Napoleon were bugaboos tod'Hauteserre. He outlived his sons. [The Gondreville Mystery. TheMember for Arcis. ]

HAUTESERRE (Madame d'), wife of the preceding; born in 1763; mother ofRobert and Adrien; showed throughout her wearied, saddened frame themarks of the old regime. Following Goujet's advice she countenancedthe deeds of Mlle. De Cinq-Cygne, the bold, dashingcounter-revolutionist of Arcis during 1803 and succeeding years. Mme. Hauteserre survived her sons. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

HAUTESERRE (Robert d'), elder son of the foregoing. Brusque, recallingthe men of mediaeval times, despite his feeble constitution. A man ofhonor, he followed the fortunes of his brother Adrien and his kinsmenthe Simeuses. Like them, he emigrated during the first Revolution, andreturned to the neighborhood of Arcis about 1803. Like them again hebecame enamored of Mlle. De Cinq-Cygne. Wrongly accused of havingabducted the senator, Malin de Gondreville, and sentenced to tenyears' hard labor, he obtained the Emperor's pardon and was madesub-lieutenant in the cavalry. He died as colonel at the storming ofMoskowa, September 7, 1812. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

HAUTESERRE (Adrien d'), second son of M. And Mme. D'Hauteserre; was ofdifferent stamp from his older brother Robert, yet had many things incommon with the latter's career. He also was influenced by honor. Healso emigrated and, on his return, fell under the same sentence. Healso obtained Napoleon's pardon and a commission in the army, takingRobert's place in the attack on Moskowa; and in recognition of hissevere wounds became brigadier-general after the battle of Dresden, August 26, 27, 1813. The doors of the Chateau de Cinq-Cygne wereopened to admit the mutilated soldier, who married his mistress, Laurence, though his affection was not requited. This marriage madeAdrien Marquis de Cinq-Cygne. During the Restoration he was made apeer, promoted to lieutenant-general, and obtained the Cross ofSaint-Louis. He died in 1829, lamented by his wife, his parents andhis children. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

HAUTESERRE (Abbe d'), brother of M. D'Hauteserre; somewhat like hisyoung kinsman in disposition; made some ado over his noble birth; thusit happened that he was killed, shot in the attack on the Hotel deCinq-Cygne by the people of Troyes, in 1792. [The GondrevilleMystery. ]

HAUTOY (Francis du), gentleman of Angouleme; was consul at Valence. Lived in the chief city of Charente between 1821 and 1824; frequentedthe Bargetons; was on the most intimate terms with the Senonches, andwas said to be the father of Francoise de la Haye, daughter of Mme. DeSenonches. Hautoy seemed slightly superior to his associates. [LostIllusions. ]

HENRI, police-agent at Paris in 1840, given special assignments byCorentin, and placed as servant successively at the Thuilliers, andwith Nepomucene Picot, with the duty of watching Theodose de laPeyrade. [The Middle Classes. ]

HERBELOT, notary of Arcis-sur-Aube during the electoral period ofspring, 1839; visited the Beauvisages, Marions and Mollots. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

HERBELOT (Malvina), born in 1809; sister of the preceding, whosecuriosity she shared, when the Arcis elections were in progress. Shealso called on the Beauvisages and the Mollots, and, despite herthirty years, sought the society of the young women of these houses. [The Member for Arcis. ]

HERBOMEZ, of Mayenne, nick-named General Hardi; chauffeur implicatedin the Royalist uprising in which Henriette Bryond took part, duringthe first Empire. Like Mme. De la Chanterie's daughter, Herbomez paidwith his head his share in the rebellion. His execution took place in1809. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

HERBOMEZ (D'), brother of the foregoing, but more fortunate, he endedby becoming a count and receiver-general. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

HEREDIA (Marie). (See Soria, Duchesse de. )

HERMANN, a Nuremberg merchant who commanded a free company enlistedagainst the French, in October, 1799. Was arrested and thrown into aprison of Andernach, where he had for fellow-prisoner, Prosper Magnan, a young assistant surgeon, native of Beauvais, Oise. Hermann thuslearned the terrible secret of an unjust detention followed by anexecution equally unjust. Many years after, in Paris, he told thestory of the martyrdom of Magnan in the presence of F. Taillefer, theunpunished author of the dual crime which had caused the imprisonmentand death of an innocent man. [The Red Inn. ]

HERON, notary of Issoudun in the early part of the nineteenth century, who was attorney for the Rougets, father and son. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

HEROUVILLE (Marechal d'), whose ancestors' names were inscribed in thepages of French history, during the sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies, replete with glory and dramatic mystery; was Duc de Nivron. He was the last governor of Normandy, returned from exile with LouisXVIII. In 1814, and died at an advanced age in 1819. [The Hated Son. Modeste Mignon. ]

HEROUVILLE (Duc d'), son of the preceding; born in 1796, at Vienna, Austria, during the emigration, "fruit of the matrimonial autumn ofthe last governor of Normandy"; descendant of a Comte d'Herouville, aNorman free-lance who lived under Henri IV. And Louis XIII. He wasMarquis de Saint-Sever, Duc de Nivron, Comte de Bayeux, Vicomted'Essigny, grand equerry and peer of France, chevalier of the Order ofthe Spur and of the Golden Fleece, and grandee of Spain. A more modestorigin, however, was ascribed to him by some. The founder of his housewas supposed to have been an usher at the court of Robert of Normandy. But the coat-of-arms bore the device "Herus Villa"--House of theChief. At any rate, the physical unattractiveness and comparative lackof means of D'Herouville, who was a kind of dwarf, contrasted with hisaristocratic lineage. However, his income allowed him to keep a houseon rue Saint-Thomas du Louvre, Paris, and to keep on good terms withthe Chaulieus. He maintained Fanny Beaupre, who apparently cost himdear; for, about 1829, he sought the hand of the Mignon heiress. During the reign of Louis Philippe, D'Herouville, then a socialleader, had acquaintance with the Hulots, was known as a celebratedart amateur, and resided on rue de Varenne, in Faubourg Saint-Germain. Later he took Josepha Mirah from Hulot, and installed her in finestyle on rue Saint-Maur-du-Temple with Olympe Bijou. [The Hated Son. Jealousies of a Country Town. Modeste Mignon. Cousin Betty. ]

HEROUVILLE (Mademoiselle d'), aunt of the preceding; dreamed of a richmarriage for that stunted creature, who seemed a sort of reproductionof an evil Herouville of past ages. She desired Modeste Mignon forhim; but her aristocratic pride revolted at the thought of Mlle. Monegod or Augusta de Nucingen. [Modeste Mignon. ]

HEROUVILLE (Helene d'), niece of the preceding; sister of Ducd'Herouville; accompanied her relatives to Havre in 1829; afterwardsknew the Mignons. [Modeste Mignon. ]

HERRERA (Carlos), unacknowledged son of the Duc d'Ossuna; canon of thecathedral of Toledo, charged with a political mission to France byFerdinand VII. He was drawn into an ambush by Jacques Collin, whokilled him, stripped him and then assumed his name until about 1830. [Lost Illusions. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

HICLAR, Parisian musician, in 1845, who received from Dubourdieu, asymbolical painter, author of a figure of Harmony, an order to composea symphony suitable of being played before the picture. [TheUnconscious Humorists. ]

HILEY, alias the Laborer, a chauffeur and the most cunning of minorparticipants in the Royalist uprising of Orne. Was executed in 1809. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

HIPPOLYTE, young officer, aide-de-camp to general Eble in the Russiancampaign; friend of Major Philippe de Sucy. Killed in an attack on theRussians near Studzianka, November 18, 1812. [Farewell. ]

HOCHON, born at Issoudun about 1738; was tax-receiver at Selles, Berry. Married Maximilienne, the sister of Sub-Delegate Lousteau. Hadthree children, one of whom became Mme. Borniche. Hochon's marriageand the change of the political horizon brought him back to his nativetown where he and his family were long known as the Five Hochons. Mlle. Hochon's marriage and the death of her brothers made the jeststill tenable; for M. Hochon, despite a proverbial avarice, adoptedtheir posterity--Francois Hochon, Baruch and Adolphine Borniche. Hochon lived till an advanced age. He was still living at the end ofthe Restoration, and gave shrewd advice to the Bridaus regarding theRouget legacy. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

HOCHON (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Maximilienne Lousteauabout 1750; sister of the sub-delegate; also god-mother of Mme. Bridau, nee Rouget. During her whole life she displayed a sweet andresigned sympathy. The neglected and timorous mother of a family, shebore the matrimonial yoke of a second Felix Grandet. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

HOCHON, elder son of the foregoing; survived his brother and sister;married at an early age to a wealthy woman by whom he had one son;died a year before her, in 1813, slain at the battle of Hanau. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

HOCHON (Francois), son of the preceding, born in 1798. Left an orphanat sixteen he was adopted by his paternal grandparents and lived inIssoudun with his cousins, the Borniche children. He affiliatedsecretly with Maxence Gilet, being one of the "Knights of Idlesse, "till his conduct was discovered. His stern grandmother sent the youngman to Poitiers where he studied law and received a yearly allowanceof six hundred francs. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

HONORINE, (See Bauvan, Comtesse Octave de. )

HOPWOOD (Lady Julia), English; made a journey to Spain between 1818and 1819, and had there for a time a chamber-maid known as Caroline, who was none other than Antoinette de Langeais, who had fled fromParis after Montriveau jilted her. [The Thirteen. ]

HOREAU (Jacques), alias the Stuart, had been lieutenant in theSixty-ninth demi-brigade. Became one of the associates of Tinteniac, known through his participation in the Quiberon expedition. Turnedchauffeur and compromised himself in the Orne Royalist uprising. Wasexecuted in 1809. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

HORTENSE was, under Louis Philippe, one of the numerous mistresses ofLord Dudley. She lived on rue Tronchet when Cerizet employed AntoniaChocardelle to hoodwink Maxime de Trailles. [A Man of Business. TheMember for Arcis. ]

HOSTAL (Maurice de l'), born in 1802; living physical portrait ofByron; nephew and like an adopted son of Abbe Loraux. He became, atMarais, in rue Payenne, the secretary and afterwards the confidant ofOctave de Bauvan. Was acquainted with Honorine de Bauvan on rueSaint-Maur-Popincourt and all but fell in love with her. Turneddiplomat, left France, married the Italian, Onorina Pedrotti, andbecame head of a family. While consul to Genoa, about 1836, he againmet Octave de Bauvan, then a widower and near his end, who entrustedhis son to him. M. De l'Hostal once entertained Claude Vignon, Leon deLora and Felicite des Touches, to whom he related the marital troublesof the Bauvans. [Honorine. ]

HOSTAL (Madame Maurice de l'), wife of the preceding, born OnorinaPedrotti. A beautiful and unusually rich Genoese; slightly jealous ofthe consul; perhaps overhead the story of the Bauvans. [Honorine. ]

HULOT, born in 1766, served under the first Republic and Empire. Tookan active part in the wars and tragedies of the time. Commanded theSeventy-second demi-brigade, called the Mayencaise, during the Chouanuprising of 1799. Fought against Montauran. His career as private andofficer had been so filled that his thirty-three years seemed an age. He went out a great deal. Rubbed elbows with Montcornet; called onMme. De la Baudraye. He remained a democrat during the Empire;nevertheless Bonaparte recognized him. Hulot was made colonel of thegrenadiers of the Guard, Comte de Forzheim and marshal. Retired to hissplendid home on rue du Montparnasse, where he passed his decliningyears simply, being deaf, remaining a friend of Cottin de Wissembourg, and often surrounded by the family of a brother whose misconducthastened his end in 1841. Hulot was given a superb funeral. [TheChouans. The Muse of the Department. Cousin Betty. ]

HULOT D'ERVY (Baron Hector), born about 1775; brother of thepreceding; took the name of Hulot d'Ervy early in life in order tomake a distinction between himself and his brother to whom he owed thebrilliant beginning of a civil and military career. Hulot d'Ervybecame ordonnance commissary during the Republic. The Empire made hima baron. During one of these periods he married Adeline Fischer, bywhom he had two children. The succeeding governments, at least that ofJuly, also favored Hector Hulot, and he became in turn, intendant-general, director of the War Department, councillor of state, and grand officer of the Legion of Honor. His private misbehavior datedfrom these periods and gathered force while he lived in Paris. Each ofhis successive mistresses--Jenny Cadine, Josepha Mirah, ValerieMarneffe, Olympe Bijou, Elodie Chardin, Atala Judici, Agathe Piquetard--precipitated his dishonor and ruin. He hid under various names, asThoul, Thorec and Vyder, anagrams of Hulot, Hector and d'Ervy. Neitherthe persecutions of the money-lender Samanon nor the influence of hisfamily could reform him. After his wife's death he married, February1, 1846, Agathe Piquetard, his kitchen-girl and the lowest of hisservants. [Cousin Betty. ]

HULOT D'ERVY (Baronne Hector), wife of the preceding; born AdelineFischer, about 1790, in the village of Vosges; remarkable for herbeauty; was married for mutual love, despite her inferior birth, andfor some time lived caressed and adored by her husband and veneratedby her brother-in-law. At the end of the Empire probably commenced hersorrows and the faithlessness of Hector, notwithstanding the twochildren born of their union, Victorin and Hortense. Had it not beenfor her maternal solicitude the baroness could have condoned thegradual degradation of her husband. The honor of the name and thefuture of her daughter gave her concern. No sacrifice was too greatfor her. She vainly offered herself to Celestin Crevel, whom she hadformerly scorned, and underwent the parvenu's insults; she besoughtJosepha Mirah's aid, and rescued the baron from Atala Judici. Theclosing years of her life were not quite so miserable. She devotedherself to charitable offices, and lived on rue Louis-le-Grand withher married children and their reclaimed father. The intervention ofVictorin, and the deaths of the Comte de Forzheim, of Lisbeth Fischerand of M. And Mme. Crevel, induced comfort and security that was oftenmenaced. But the conduct of Hector with Agathe Piquetard broke thethread of Mme. Hulot d'Ervy's life; for some time she had had anervous trouble. She died aged about fifty-six. [Cousin Betty. ]

HULOT (Victorin), elder child of the foregoing. Married Mlle. Celestine Crevel and was father of a family. Became under LouisPhilippe one of the leading attorneys of Paris. Was deputy, counsel ofthe War Department, consulting counsel of the police service andcounsel for the civil list. His salary for the various offices came toeighteen thousand francs. He was seated at Palais-Bourbon when theelection of Dorlange-Sallenauve was contested. His connection with thepolice enabled him to save his family from the clutches of Mme. Valerie Crevel. In 1834 he owned a house on rue Louis-le-Grand. Sevenor eight years later he sheltered nearly all the Hulots and their nearkindred, but he could not prevent the second marriage of his father. [The Member for Arcis. Cousin Betty. ]

HULOT (Madame Victorin), wife of preceding, born Celestine Crevel;married as a result of a meeting between her father and herfather-in-law, who were both libertines. She took part in thedissensions between the two families, replaced Lisbeth Fischer in thecare of the house on rue Louis-le-Grand, and probably never saw thesecond Mme. Celestin Crevel, unless at the death-bed of the retiredperfumer. [Cousin Betty. ]

HULOT (Hortense). (See Steinbock, Comtesse Wenceslas. )

HULOT D'ERVY (Baronne Hector), nee Agathe Piquetard of Isigny, whereshe became the second wife of Hector Hulot d'Ervy. Went to Paris askitchen-maid for Hulot about December, 1845, and was married to hermaster, then a widower, on February 1, 1846. [Cousin Betty. ]

HUMANN, celebrated Parisian tailor of 1836 and succeeding years. Atthe instance of the students Rabourdin and Juste he clothed thepoverty-stricken Zephirin Marcas "as a politician. " [Z. Marcas. ]

HUSSON (Madame. ) (See Mme. Clapart. )

HUSSON (Oscar), born about 1804, son of the preceding and of M. Husson--army-contractor; led a checkered career, explained by his origin andchildhood. He scarcely knew his father, who made and soon lost afortune. The previous fast life of his mother, who afterwards marriedagain, gave rise to or upheld some more or less influentialconnections and made her, during the first Empire, the titular _femmede chambre_ to Madame Mere--Letitia Bonaparte. Napoleon's fall markedthe ruin of the Hussons. Oscar and his mother--now married to M. Clapart--lived in a modest apartment on rue de la Cerisaie, Paris. Oscar obtained a license and became clerk in Desroches' law office inParis, being coached by Godeschal. During this time he becameacquainted with two young men, his cousins the Marests. One of themhad previously instigated an early escapade of Oscar's, and it was nowfollowed by one much more serious, on rue de Vendome at the house ofFlorentine Cabirolle, who was then maintained by Cardot, Oscar'swealthy uncle. Husson was forced to abandon law and enter militaryservice. He was in the cavalry regiment of the Duc de Maufrigneuse andthe Vicomte de Serizy. The interest of the dauphiness and of AbbeGaudron obtained for him promotion and a decoration. He became in turnaide-de-camp to La Fayette, captain, officer of the Legion of Honorand lieutenant-colonel. A noteworthy deed made him famous on Algerianterritory during the affair of La Macta; Husson lost his left arm inthe vain attempt to save Vicomte de Serizy. Put on half-pay, heobtained the post of collector for Beaumont-sur-Oise. He then married--1838--Georgette Pierrotin and met again the accomplices or witnessesof his earlier escapades--one of the Marests, the Moreaus, etc. [AStart in Life. ]

HUSSON (Madame Oscar), wife of the preceding; born GeorgettePierrotin; daughter of the proprietor of the stage-service of Oise. [AStart in Life. ]

HYDE DE NEUVILLE (Jean-Guillaume, Baron)--1776-1857--belonged to theMartignac ministry of 1828; was, in 1797, one of the most activeBourbon agents. Kept civil war aflame in the West, and held aconference in 1799 with First Consul Bonaparte relative to therestoration of Louis XVIII. [The Chouans. ]

 I

IDAMORE, nick-name of Chardin junior while he was _claqueur_ in atheatre on the Boulevard du Temple, Paris. [Cousin Betty. ]

ISEMBERG (Marechal, Duc d'), probably belonged to the Imperialnobility. He lost at the gaming table, in November, 1809, in a grandfete given at Paris at Senator Malin de Gondreville's home, while theDuchesse de Lansac was acting as peacemaker between a youthful marriedcouple. [Domestic Peace. ]

 J

JACMIN (Philoxene), of Honfleur; perhaps cousin of Jean Butscha; maidto Eleonore de Chaulieu; in love with Germain Bonnet, valet ofMelchior de Canalis. [Modeste Mignon. ]

JACOMETY, head jailer of the Conciergerie, at Paris, in May, 1830, during Rubempre's imprisonment. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

JACQUELIN, born in Normandy about 1776; in 1816 was employed by Mlle. Cormon, an old maid of Alencon. He married when she espoused M. DuBousquier. After the double marriage Jacquelin remained for some timein the service of the niece of the Abbe de Sponde. [Jealousies of aCountry Town. ]

JACQUES, for a considerable period butler of Claire de Beauseant, following her to Bayeux. Essentially "aristocratic, intelligent anddiscreet, " he understood the sufferings of his mistress. [FatherGoriot. The Deserted Woman. ]

JACQUET (Claude-Joseph), a worthy bourgeois of the Restoration; headof a family, and something of a crank. He performed the duties of adeputy-mayor in Paris, and also had charge of the archives in theDepartment of Foreign Affairs. Was greatly indebted to his friendJules Desmarets; so he deciphered for him, about 1820, a code letterof Gratien Bourignard. When Clemence Desmarets died, Jacquet comfortedthe broker in the Saint-Roch church and in the Pere-Lachaise cemetery. [The Thirteen. ]

JACQUINOT, said to have succeeded Cardot as notary at Paris, time ofLouis Philippe [The Middle Classes. ]; but since Cardot was succeededby Berthier, his son-in-law, a discrepancy is apparent. 

JACQUOTTE, left the service of a cure for that of Dr. Benassis, whosehouse she managed with a devotion and care not unmixed with despotism. [The Country Doctor. ]

JAN, * a painter who cared not a fig for glory. About 1838 he coveredwith flowers and decorated the door of a bed-chamber in a suite ownedby Crevel on rue du Dauphin, Paris. [Cousin Betty. ]

* Perhaps the fresco-painter, Laurent-Jan, author of "Unrepentant Misanthropy, " and the friend of Balzac, to whom the latter dedicated his drama, "Vautrin. "

JANVIER, priest in a village of Isere in 1829, a "veritable Fenelonshrunk to a cure's proportions"; knew, understood and assistedBenassis. [The Country Doctor. ]

JAPHET (Baron), celebrated chemist who subjected to hydrofluoric acid, to chloride of nitrogen, and to the action of the voltaic battery themysterious "magic skin" of Raphael de Valentin. To his stupefactionthe savant wrought no change on the tissue. [The Magic Skin. ]

JEAN, coachman and trusted servant of M. De Merret, at Vendome, in1816. [La Grande Breteche. ]

JEAN, landscape gardener and farm-hand for Felix Grandet, enagagedabout November, 1819, in a field on the bank of the Loire, fillingholes left by removed populars and planting other trees. [EugenieGrandet. ]

JEAN, one of the keepers of Pere-Lachaise cemetery in 1820-21;conducted Desmarets and Jacquet to the tomb of Clemence Bourignard, who had recently been interred. * [The Thirteen. ]

* In 1868, at Paris, MM. Ferdinand Dugue and Peaucellier presented a play at the Gaite theatre, where one of the chief characters was Clemence Bourignard-Desmarets. 

JEAN, lay brother of an abbey until 1791, when he found a home withNiseron, cure of Blangy, Burgundy; seldom left Gregoire Rigou, whosefactotum he finally became. [The Peasantry. ]

JEANNETTE, born in 1758; cook for Ragon at Paris in 1818, in rue duPetit-Lion-Saint-Sulpice; distinguished herself at the Sundayreceptions. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

JEANRENAUD (Madame), a Protestant, widow of a salt bargeman, by whomshe had a son. A stout, ugly and vulgar woman, who recovered, duringthe Restoration, a fortune that had been stolen by the Catholicancestors of D'Espard and was restored to him despite a suit torestrain him by injunction. Mme. Jeanrenaud lived at Villeparisis, andthen at Paris, where she dwelt successively on rue de la Vrilliere--No. 8--and on Grand rue Verte. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

JEANRENAUD, son of the preceding, born about 1792. He served asofficer in the Imperial Guard, and, through the influence ofD'Espard-Negrepelisse, became, in 1828, chief of squadron in the Firstregiment of the Cuirassiers of the Guard. Charles X. Made him a baron. He then married a niece of Monegod. His beautiful villa on Lake Genevais mentioned by Albert Savarus in "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " published inthe reign of Louis Philippe. [The Commission in Lunacy. AlbertSavarus. ]

JENNY was, during the Restoration, maid and confidante of Aquilina dela Garde; afterwards, but for a very brief time, mistress ofCastanier. [Melmoth Reconciled. ]

JEROME (Pere), second-hand book-seller on Pont Notre-Dame, Paris, in1821, at the time when Rubempre was making a start there. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

JEROME, valet successively of Galard and of Albert Savarus atBesancon. He may have served the Parisian lawyer less sedulouslybecause of Mariette, a servant at the Wattevilles, whose dowry he wasafter. [Albert Savarus. ]

JOHNSON (Samuel), assumed name of the police-agent, Peyrade. 

JOLIVARD, clerk of registry, rue de Normandie, Paris, about the end ofLouis Philippe's reign. He lived on the first floor of the house ownedby Pillerault, attended by the Cibots and tenanted by the Chapoulots, Pons and Schmucke. [Cousin Pons. ]

JONATHAS, valet of M. De Valentin senior; foster-father of Raphael deValentin, whose steward he afterwards became when the young man was amulti-millionaire. He served him faithfully and survived him. [TheMagic Skin. ]

JORDY (De) had been successively captain in a regiment ofRoyal-Suedois and professor in the Ecole Militaire. He had a refinednature and a tender heart; was the type of a poor but uncomplaininggentleman. His soul must have been the scene of sad secrets. Certainsigns led one to believe that he had had children whom he had adoredand lost. M. De Jordy lived modestly and quietly at Nemours. Asimiliarity of tastes and character drew him towards Denis Minoretwhose intimate friend he became, and at whose home he conceived aliking for the doctor's young ward--Mme. Savinien de Portenduere. Hehad great influence over her, and left her an income of fourteenhundred francs when he died in 1823. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

JOSEPH, with Charles and Francois, was of the establishment ofMontcornet at Aigues, Burgundy, about 1823. [The Peasantry. ]

JOSEPH, faithful servant of Rastignac at Paris, under the Restoration. In 1828 he carried to the Marquise de Listomere a letter written byhis master to Mme. De Nucingen. This error, for which Joseph couldhardly be held responsible, caused the scorn of the marquise when shediscoverd that the missive was intended for another. [The Magic Skin. A Study of Woman. ]

JOSEPH, in the service of F. Du Tillet, Paris, when his master wasfairly launched in society and received Birotteau in state. [CesarBirotteau. ]

JOSEPH, given name of a worthy chimney-builder of rue Saint-Lazare, Paris, about the end of the reign of Louis Philippe. Of Italianorigin, the head of a family, saved from ruin by Adeline Hulot, whoacted for Mme. De la Chanterie. Joseph was in touch with the scribe, Vyder, and when he took Mme. Hulot to see the latter she recognized inhim her husband. [Cousin Betty. ]

JOSEPHA, (See Mirah, Josepha. )

JOSETTE, cook for Claes at Douai; greatly attached to Josephine, Marguerite and Felicie Claes. Died about the end of the Restoration. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

JOSETTE, old housekeeper for Maitre Mathias of Bordeaux during theRestoration. She accompanied her master when he bade farewell to Paulde Manerville the emigrant. [A Marriage Settlement. ]

JOSETTE, in and previous to 1816 chambermaid of Victoire-Rose Cormonof Alencon. She married Jacquelin when her mistress married duBousquier. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

JUDICI (Atala), born about 1829, of Lombard descent; had a paternalgrandfather, who was a wealthy chimney-builder of Paris during thefirst Empire, an employer of Joseph; he died in 1819. Mlle. Judici didnot inherit her grandfather's fortune, for it was run through with byher father. In 1844 she was given by her mother--so the story goes--toHector Hulot for fifteen thousand francs. She then left her family, who lived on rue de Charonne, and lived on Passage du Soleil. Thepretty Atala was obliged to leave Hulot when his wife found him. Mme. Hulot promised her a dowry and to wed her to Joseph's oldest son. Shewas sometimes called Judix, which is a French corruption of theItalian name. [Cousin Betty. ]

JUDITH. (See Mme. Genestas. )

JULIEN, one of the turnkeys of the Conciergerie in 1830, during thetrial of Herrera--Vautrin--and Rubempre. [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

JULIEN, probably a native of Champagne; a young man in 1839, and inthe service of Sub-Prefect Goulard, in Arcis-sur-Aube. He learnedthrough Anicette, and revealed to the Beauvisages and Mollots, theLegitimist plots of the Chateau de Cinq-Cygne, where lived Georges deMaufrigneuse, Daniel d'Arthez, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, Diane deCadignan and Berthe de Maufrigneuse. [The Member for Arcis. ]

JULLIARD, head of the firm of Julliard in Paris, about 1806. At the"Ver Chinois, " rue Saint-Denis, he sold silk in bolls. Sylvie Rogronwas assistant saleswoman. Twenty years later he met her again in theirnative country of Provins, where he had retired in 1815, the head of afamily grouped about the Guepins and the Guenees, thus forming threegreat clans. [Pierrette. ]

JULLIARD, elder son of the preceding; married the only daughter of arich farmer and also conceived a platonic affection at Provins forMelanie Tiphaine, the most beautiful woman of the official colonyduring the Restoration. Julliard followed commerce and literature; hemaintained a stage line, and a journal christened "La Ruche, " in whichlatter he burned incense to Mme. Tiphaine. [Pierrette. ]

JUSSIEU (Julien), youthful conscript in the great draft of 1793. Sentwith a note for lodgment to the home of Mme. De Dey at Carentan, wherehe was the innocent cause of that woman's sudden death; she was justthen expecting the return of her son, a Royalist hunted by theRepublican troops. [The Conscript. ]

JUSTE, born in 1811, studied medicine in Paris, and afterwards went toAsia to practice. In 1836 he lived on rue Corneille with CharlesRabourdin, when they helped the poverty-stricken Zephirin Marcas. [Z. Marcas. ]

JUSTIN, old and experienced valet of the Vidame de Pamiers; wassecretly slain by order of Bourignard because he had discovered thereal name, but carefully concealed, of the father of Mme. Desmarets. [The Thirteen. ]

JUSTINE, was maid to the Comtesse Foedora, in Paris, when her mistressreceived calls from M. De Valentin. [The Magic Skin. ]

 K

KATT, a Flemish woman, the nurse of Lydie de la Peyrade, whom sheattended constantly in Paris on rue des Moineaux about 1829, andduring her mistress' period of insanity on Rue Honore Chevalier in1840. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Middle Classes. ]

KELLER (Francois), one of the influential and wealthy Parisianbankers, during a period extending perhaps from 1809 to 1839. As such, in November, 1809, under the Empire, he was one of the guests at afine reception, given by Comte Malin de Gondreville, meeting thereIsemberg, Montcornet, Mesdames de Lansac and de Vandemont, and a mixedcompany composed of members of the aristocracy and people illustriousunder the Empire. At this time, moreover, Francois Keller was in thefamily of Malin de Gondreville, one of whose daughters he had married. This marriage, besides making him the brother-in-law of the Marechalde Carigliano, gave him assurance of the deputyship, which he obtainedin 1816 and held until 1836. The district electors of Arcis-sur-Aubekept him in the legislature during that long period. Francois Kellerhad, by his marriage with Mademoiselle de Gondreville, one son, Charles, who died before his parents in the spring of 1839. As deputy, Francois Keller became one of the most noted orators of the LeftCentre. He shone as a member of the opposition, especially from 1819to 1825. Adroitly he drew about himself the robe of philanthropy. Politics never turned his attention from finance. Francois Keller, seconded by his brother and partner, Adolphe Keller, refused to aidthe needy perfumer, Cesar Birotteau. Between 1821 and 1823 thecreditors of Guillaume Grandet, the bankrupt, unanimously selected himand M. Des Grassins of Saumur as adjusters. Despite his display ofPuritanical virtues, the private career of Francois Keller was notspotless. In 1825 it was known that he had an illegitimate and costlyliaison with Flavie Colleville. Rallying to the support of the newmonarchy from 1830 to 1836, Francois Keller saw his Philippist zealrewarded in 1839. He exchanged his commission at the Palais-Bourbonfor a peerage, and received the title of count. [Domestic Peace. CesarBirotteau. Eugenie Grandet. The Government Clerks. The Member forArcis. ]

KELLER (Madame Francois), wife of the preceding; daughter of Malin deGondreville; mother of Charles Keller, who died in 1839. Under theRestoration, she inspired a warm passion in the heart of the son ofthe Duchesse de Marigny. [Domestic Peace. The Member for Arcis. TheThirteen. ]

KELLER, (Charles), born in 1809, son of the preceding couple, grandsonof the Comte de Gondreville, nephew of the Marechale de Carigliano;his life was prematurely ended in 1839, at a time when a brilliantfuture seemed before him. As a major of staff at the side of thePrince Royal, Ferdinand d'Orleans, he took the field in Algeria. Hisbravery urged him on in pursuit of the Emir Abd-el-Kader, and he gaveup his life in the face of the enemy. Becoming viscount as a result ofthe knighting of his father, and assured of the favors of the heirpresumptive to the throne, Charles Keller, at the moment when deathsurprised him, was on the point of taking his seat in the LowerChamber; for the body of electors of the district of Arcis-sur-Aubewere almost sure to elect a man whom the Tuileries desired soardently. [The Member for Arcis. ]

KELLER (Adolphe), brother--probably younger--of Francois and hispartner; a very shrewd man, who was really in charge of the business, a "regular lynx. " On account of his intimate relations with Nucingenand F. Du Tillet, he flatly refused to aid Cesar Birotteau, whoimplored his assistance. [The Middle Classes. Pierrette. CesarBirotteau. ]

KERGAROUET (Comte de), born about the middle of the eighteenthcentury; of the Bretagne nobility; entered the navy, served long andvaliantly upon the sea, commanded the "Belle-Poule, " and died avice-admiral. Possessor of a great fortune, by his charity he madeamends for the foulness of some of his youthful love affairs (1771 andfollowing), and at Paris, near the Madeleine, towards the beginning ofthe nineteenth century, with much delicacy, he helped the BaronneLeseigneur de Rouville. A little later, at the age of seventy-two, having for a long time been a widower and retired from the navy, whileenjoying the hospitality of his relatives, the Fontaines and thePlanat de Baudrys, who lived in the neighborhood of Sceaux, Kergarouetmarried his niece, one of the daughters of Fontaine. He died beforeher. M. De Kergarouet was also a relative of the Portendueres and didnot forget them. [The Purse. The Ball at Sceaux. Ursule Mirouet. ]

KERGAROUET (Comtesse de). (See Vandenesse, Marquise Charles de. )

KERGAROUET (Vicomte de), nephew of the Comte de Kergarouet, husband ofa Pen-Hoel, by whom he had four daughters. Evidently lived at Nantesin 1836. [Beatrix. ]

KERGAROUET (Vicomtesse de), wife of the preceding, born at Pen-Hoelin 1789; younger sister of Jacqueline; mother of four girls, veryaffected woman and looked upon as such by Felicite des Touches andArthur de Rochefide. Lived in Nantes in 1836. [Beatrix. ]

KERGAROUET (Charlotte de), born in 1821, one of the daughters of thepreceding, grand-niece of the Comte de Kergarouet; of his four niecesshe was the favorite of the wealthy Jacqueline de Pen-Hoel; agood-hearted little country girl; fell in love with Calyste du Guenicin 1836, but did not marry him. [Beatrix. ]

KOLB, an Alsatian, served as "man of all work" at the home of theDidots in Paris; had served in the cuirassiers. Under the Restorationhe became "printer's devil" in the establishment of David Sechard ofAngouleme, for whom he showed an untiring devotion, and whose servant, Marion, he married. [Lost Illusions. ]

KOLB (Marion), wife of the preceding, with whom she became acquaintedwhile at the home of David Sechard. She was, at first, in the serviceof the Angouleme printer, Jerome-Nicholas Sechard, for whom she hadless praise than for David. Marion Kolb was like her husband in herconstant, childlike devotion. [Lost Illusions. ]

KOUSKI, Polish lancer in the French Royal Guards, lived very unhappilyin 1815-16, but enjoyed life better the following year. At that timehe lived at Issoudun in the home of the wealthy Jean-Jacques Rouget, and served the commandant, Maxence Gilet. The latter became the idolof the grateful Kouski. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

KROPOLI (Zena), Montenegrin of Zahara, seduced in 1809 by the Frenchgunner, Auguste Niseron, by whom she had a daughter, Genevieve. Oneyear later, at Vincennes, France, she died as a result of herconfinement. The necessary marriage papers, which would have renderedvalid the situation of Zena Kropoli, arrived a few days after herdeath. [The Peasantry. ]

 L

LA BASTIE (Monsieur, Madame and Mademoiselle de). (See Mignon. )

LA BASTIE LA BRIERE (Ernest de), member of a good family of Toulouse, born in 1802; very similar in appearance to Louis XIII. ; from 1824 to1829, private secretary to the minister of finances. On the advice ofMadame d'Espard, and thus being of service to Eleonore de Chaulieu, hebecame secretary to Melchior de Canalis and, at the same time, referendary of the Cour des Comptes. He became a chevalier of theLegion of Honor. In 1829 he conducted for Canalis a love romance bycorrespondence, the heroine of the affair being Marie-Modeste-Mignonde la Bastie (of Havre). He played this part so successfully that shefell in love and marriage was agreed upon. This union, which made himthe wealthy Vicomte de la Bastie la Briere, was effected the followingFebruary in 1830. Canalis and the minister of 1824 were witnesses forErnest de la Briere, who fully deserved his good fortune. [TheGovernment Clerks. Modeste Mignon. ]

LA BASTIE LA BRIERE (Madame Ernest de), wife of the preceding, bornMarie-Modeste Mignon about 1809, younger daughter of Charles Mignon dela Bastie and of Bettina Mignon de la Bastie--born Wallenrod. In 1829, while living with her family at Havre, with the same love, evoked by apassion for literature, which Bettina Brentano d'Arnim conceived forGoethe, she fell in love with Melchior de Canalis; she wrotefrequently to the poet in secret, and he responded through the mediumof Ernest de la Briere; thus there sprang up between the young girland the secretary a mutual love which resulted in marriage. Thewitnesses for Marie-Modeste Mignon were the Duc d'Herouville andDoctor Desplein. As one of the most envied women in Parisian circles, in the time of Louis Philippe, she became the close friend of Mesdamesde l'Estorade and Popinot. [Modeste Mignon. The Member for Arcis. Cousin Betty. ] La Bastie is sometimes written La Batie. 

LA BAUDRAYE[*] (Jean-Athanase-Polydore Milaud de), born in 1780 inBerry, descended from the simple family of Milaud, recently enobled. M. De la Baudraye's father was a good financier of pleasingdisposition; his mother was a Casteran la Tour. He was in poor health, his weak constitution being the heritage left him by an immoralfather. His father, on dying, also left him a large number of notes towhich were affixed the noble signatures of the emigrated aristocracy. His avarice aroused, Polydore de la Baudraye occupied himself, at thetime of the Restoration, with collecting these notes; he made frequenttrips to Paris; negotiated with Clement Chardin des Lupeaulx at theHotel de Mayence; obtained, under a promise, afterwards executed, tosell them profitably, some positions and titles, and becamesuccessively auditor of the seals, baron, officer of the Legion ofHonor and master of petitions. The individual receivership ofSancerre, which became his also, was bought by Gravier. M. De laBaudraye did not leave Sancerre; he married towards 1823 MademoiselleDinah Piedefer, became a person of large property following hisacquisition to the castle and estate of Anzy, settled this propertywith the title upon a natural son of his wife; he so worked upon herfeelings as to get from her the power of attorney and signature, sailed for America, and became rich through a large patrimony left himby Silas Piedefer--1836-42. At that time he owned in Paris a statelymansion, on rue de l'Arcade, and upon winning back his wife, who hadleft him, he placed her in it as mistress. He now became count, commander of the Legion of Honor, and peer of France. Frederic deNucingen received him as such and served him as sponsor, when, in thesummer of 1842, the death of Ferdinand d'Orleans necessitated thepresence of M. De la Baudraye at Luxembourg. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

[*] The motto on the Baudraye coat-of-arms was: "Deo patet sic fides et hominibus. "

LA BAUDRAYE (Madame Polydore Milaud de), wife of the preceding, bornDinah Piedefer in 1807 or 1808 in Berry; daughter of the Calvinist, Moise Piedefer; niece of Silas Piedefer, from whom she inherited afortune. She was brilliantly educated at Bourges, in the Chamarollesboarding-school, with Anna de Fontaine, born Grosstete--1819. Fiveyears later, through personal ambition, she gave up Protestantism, that she might gain the protection of the Cardinal-Archbishop ofBourges, and a short time after her conversion she was married, about1823. For thirteen consecutive years, at least, Madame de la Baudrayereigned in the city of Sancerre and in her country-house, Chateaud'Anzy, at Saint-Satur near by. Her court was composed of a strangemixture of people: the Abbe Duret and Messieurs Clagny, Gravier, Gatien Boirouge. At first, only Clagny and Duret know of the literaryattempts of Jan Diaz, pseudonym of Madame de la Baudraye, who had justbought the artistic furniture of the Rougets of Issoudun, and whoinvited and received two "Parisiens de Sancerre, " Horace Bianchon andEtienne Lousteau, in September 1836. A liaison followed with EtienneLousteau, with whom Madame de la Baudraye lived on rue des Martyrs inParis from 1837 to 1839. As a result of this union she had two sons, recognized later by M. De la Baudraye. Madame de la Baudraye nowputting into use the talent, neglected during her love affair, becamea writer. She wrote "A Prince of Bohemia, " founded on an anecodoterelated to her by Raoul Nathan, and probably published this novel. Thefear of endless scandal, the entreaties of husband and mother, and theunworthiness of Lousteau, finally led Dinah de la Baudraye to rejoinher husband, who owned an elegant mansion on rue de l'Arcade. Thisreturn, which took place in May, 1842, surprised Madame d'Espard, awoman who was not easily astonished. Paris of the reign of LouisPhilippe often quoted Dinah de la Baudraye and paid considerableattention to her. During this same year, 1842, she assisted in thefirst presentation of Leon Gozlan's drama, "The Right Hand and theLeft Hand, " given at the Odeon. [The Muse of the Department. A Princeof Bohemia. Cousin Betty. ]

LA BERGE (De), confessor of Madame de Mortsauf at Clochegourde, strictand virtuous. He died in 1817, mourned on account of his "apostolicstrength, " by his patron, who appointed as his successor theover-indulgent Francois Birotteau. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

LA BERTELLIERE, father of Madame la Gaudiniere, grandfather of MadameFelix Grandet, was lieutenant in the French Guards; he died in 1806, leaving a large fortune. He considered investments a "waste of money. "Nearly twenty years later his portrait was still hanging in the hallof Felix Grandet's house at Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

LA BILLARDIERE (Anthanase-Jean-Francoise-Michel, Baron Flamet de), sonof a counselor in the Parliament of Bretagne, took part in the Vendeanwars as a captain under the name of Nantais, and as negotiator playeda singular part at Quiberon. The Restoration rewarded the services ofthis unintelligent member of the petty nobility, whose Catholicism wasmore lukewarm than his love of monarchy. He became mayor of the seconddistrict of Paris, and division-chief in the Bureau of Finances, thanks to his kinship with a deputy on the Right. He was one of theguests at the famous ball given by his deputy, Cesar Birotteau, whomhe had known for twenty years. On his death-bed, at the close ofDecember, 1824, he had designated, although without avail, as hissuccessor, Xavier Rabourdin, one of the division-chiefs and realdirector of the bureau of which La Billiardiere was the nominal head. The newspapers published obituaries of the deceased. The short noticeprepared jointly by Chardin des Lupeaulx, J. -J. Bixiou and F. DuBruel, enumerated the many titles and decorations of Flamet de laBillardiere, gentleman of the king's bedchamber, etc. , etc. [TheChouans. Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks. ]

LA BILLARDIERE (Benjamin, Chevalier de), son of the preceding, born in1802. He was a companion of the young Vicomte de Portenduere in 1824, being at the time a rich supernumerary in the office of IsidoreBaudoyer under the division of his father, Flamet de la Billardiere. His insolence and foppishness gave little cause for regret when heleft the Bureau of Finances for the Department of Seals in the latterpart of the same year, 1824, that marked the expected and unlamenteddeath of Baron Flamet de la Billardiere. [The Government Clerks. ]

LA BLOTTIERE (Mademoiselle Merlin de), under the Restoration, a kindof dowager and canoness at Tours; in company with Mesdames PaulineSalomon de Villenoix and de Listomere, upheld, received and welcomedFrancois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

LABRANCHOIR (Comte de), owner of an estate in Dauphine under theRestoration, and, as such, a victim of the depredations of thepoacher, Butifer. [The Country Doctor. ]

LA BRIERE (Ernest de). (See La Bastie la Briere. )

LACEPEDE (Comte de), a celebrated naturalist, born at Agen in 1756, died at Paris in 1825. Grand chancelor of the Legion of Honor forseveral years towards the beginning of the nineteenth century. Thiswell-known philosopher was invited to Cesar Birotteau's celebratedball, December 17, 1818. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

LA CHANTERIE (Le Chantre de), of a Norman family dating from thecrusade of Philippe Auguste, but which had fallen into obscurity bythe end of the eighteenth century; he owned a small fief between Caenand Saint-Lo. M. Le Chantre de la Chanterie had amassed in theneighborhood of three hundred thousand crowns by supplying the royalarmies during the Hanoverian war. He died during the Revolution, butbefore the Terror. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

LA CHANTERIE (Baron Henri Le Chantre de), born in 1763, son of thepreceding, shrewd, handsome and seductive. When master of petitions inthe Grand Council of 1788, he married Mademoiselle Barbe-Philiberte deChampignelles. Ruined during the Restoration through having lost hisposition and thrown away his inheritance, Henri Le Chantre de laChanterie became one of the most cruel presidents of the revolutionarycourts and was the terror of Normandie. Imprisoned after the ninthThermidor, he owed his escape to his wife, by means of an exchange ofclothing. He did not see her more than three times during eight years, the last meeting being in 1802, when, having become a bigamist, hereturned to her home to die of a disgraceful disease, leaving, at thesame time, a second wife, likewise ruined. This last fact was not madepublic until 1804. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

LA CHANTERIE (Baronne Henri Le Chantre de), wife of the preceding, born Barbe-Philiberte de Champignelles in 1772, a descendant of one ofthe first families of Lower Normandie. Married in 1788, she receivedin her home, fourteen years later, the dying man whose name she bore, a bigamist fleeing from justice. By him she had a daughter, Henriette, who was executed in 1809 for having been connected with the Chauffeursin Orne. Unjustly accused herself, and imprisoned in the frightfulBicetre of Rouen, the baroness began to instruct in morals the sinfulwomen among whom she found herself thrown. The fall of the Empire washer deliverance. Twenty years later, being part owner of a house inParis, Madame de la Chanterie undertook the training of Godefroid. Shewas then supporting a generous private philanthropic movement, withthe help of Manon Godard and Messieurs de Veze, de Montauran, Mongenodand Alain. Madame de la Chanterie aided the Bourlacs and the Mergis, an impoverished family of magistrates who had persecuted her in 1809. Her Christian works were enlarged upon. In 1843 the baroness becamehead of a charitable organization which was striving to consecrate, according to law and religion, the relations of those living in freeunion. To this end she selected one member of the society, AdelineHulot d'Ervy, and sent her to Passage du Soleil, then a section ofPetite-Pologne, to try to bring about the marriage of Vyder--HectorHulot d'Ervy--and Atala Judici. [The Seamy Side of History. CousinBetty. ] The Revolution having done away with titles, Madame de laChanterie called herself momentarily Madame, or Citizeness, Lechantre. 

LACROIX, restaurant-keeper on Place du Marche, Issoudun, 1822, inwhose house the Bonapartist officers celebrated the crowning of theEmperor. On December 2, of the same year, the duel between PhilippeBridau and Maxence took place after the entertainment. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

LAFERTE (Nicolas). (See Cochegrue, Jean. )

LA GARDE (Madame de). (See Aquilina. )

LA GAUDINIERE (Madame), born La Bertelliere, mother of Madame FelixGrandet; very avaricious; died in 1806; leaving the Felix Grandets aninheritance, "the amount of which no one knew. " [Eugenie Grandet. ]

LAGINSKI (Comte Adam Mitgislas), a wealthy man who had beenproscribed, belonged to one of the oldest and most illustriousfamilies of Poland, and counted among his relations the Sapiehas, theRadziwills, the Mniszechs, the Rezwuskis, the Czartoriskis, theLecszinskis, and the Lubomirskis. He had relations in the Germannobility and his mother was a Radziwill. Young, plain, yet with acertain distinguished bearing, with an income of eighty thousandfrancs, Laginski was a leading light in Paris, during the reign ofLouis Philippe. After the Revolution of July, while stillunsophisticated, he attended an entertainment at the home of Felicitedes Touches in Chaussee-d'Antin on rue du Mont-Blanc, and had theopportunity of listening to the delightful chats between Henri deMarsay and Emile Blondet. Comte Adam Laginski, during the autumn of1835, married the object of his affections, Mademoiselle Clementine duRouvre, niece of the Ronquerolles. The friendship of his steward, Paz, saved him from the ruin into which his creole-like carelessness, hisfrivolity and his recklessness were dragging him. He lived in perfectcontentment with his wife, ignorant of the domestic troubles whichwere kept from his notice. Thanks to the devotion of Paz and of MadameLaginska, he was cured of a malady which had been pronounced fatal byDoctor Horace Bianchon. Comte Adam Laginski lived on rue de laPepiniere, now absorbed in part by rue de la Boetie. He occupied oneof the most palatial and artistic houses of the period, so called, ofLouis Philippe. He attended the celebration given in 1838 at the firstopening of Josepha Mirah's residence on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. Inthis same year he attended the wedding of Wenceslas Steinbock. [Another Study of Woman. The Imaginary Mistress. Cousin Betty. ]

LAGINSKA (Comtesse Adam), born Clementine du Rouvre in 1816, wife ofthe preceding, niece, on her mother's side, of the Marquis deRonquerolles and of Madame de Serizy. She was one of the charminggroup of young women, which included Mesdames de l'Estorade, dePortenduere, Marie de Vandenesse, du Guenic and de Maufrigneuse. Captain Paz was secretly in love with the countess, who, becomingaware of her steward's affection, ended by having very nearly the samekind of feeling for him. The unselfish virtue of Paz was all thatsaved her; not only at this juncture, but in another more dangerousone, when he rescued her from M. De la Palferine, who was escortingher to the Opera ball and who was on the point of taking her to aprivate room in a restaurant--January, 1842. [The Imaginary Mistress. ]

LAGOUNIA (Perez de), woolen-draper at Tarragone in Catalonia, in thetime of Napoleon, under obligations to La Marana. He reared as his owndaughter, in a very pious manner, Juana, a child of the celebratedItalian courtesan, until her mother visited her, during the time ofthe French occupation in 1808. [The Maranas. ]

LAGOUNIA (Donna de), wife of the preceding, divided with him the careof Juana Marana until the girl's mother came to Tarragone at the timeit was sacked by the French. [The Maranas. ]

LA GRAVE (Mesdemoiselles), kept a boarding-house in 1824 on rueNotre-Dame-des Champs in Paris. In this house M. And Madame Phelliongave lessons. [The Government Clerks. ]

LAGUERRE (Mademoiselle), given name, probably, Sophie, born in 1740, died in 1815, one of the most celebrated courtesans of the eighteenthcentury; opera singer, and fervent follower of Piccini. In 1790, frightened by the march of public affairs, she established herself atthe Aigues, in Bourgogne, property procured for her by Bouret, fromits former owner. Before Buoret, the grandfather of La Palferine, entertained her, and she brought about his ruin. The recklessness ofthis woman, surrounded as she was by such notorious knaves asGaubertin, Fourchon, Tonsard, and Madame Soudry, prepared no littletrouble for Montcornet, the succeeding proprietor. Sophie Laguerre'sfortune was divided among eleven families of poor farmers, all livingin the neighborhood of Amiens, who were ignorant of their relationshipwith her. [The Peasantry. A Prince of Bohemia. ] M. H. Gourdon deGenouillac wrote a biography of the singer, containing many detailswhich are at variance with the facts here cited. Among other things weare told that the given name of Mademoiselle Laguerre was Josephineand not Sophie. 

LA HAYE (Mademoiselle de). (See Petit-Claud, Madame. )

LAMARD, probably a rival of Felix Gaudissart. In a cafe in Blois, May, 1831, he praised the well-known commercial traveler, who treated him, nevertheless, as a "little cricket. " [Gaudissart the Great. ]

LAMBERT (Louis), born in 1797 at Montoire in Loire-et-Cher. Only sonof simple tanners, who did not try to counteract his inclination, shown when a mere child, for study. He was sent in 1807 to Lefebvre, amaternal uncle, who was vicar of Mer, a small city on the Loire nearBlois. Under the kindly care of Madame de Stael, he was a student inthe college of Vendome from 1811 to 1814. Lambert met there Barchon dePenhoen and Jules Dufaure. He was apparently a poor scholar, butfinally developed into a prodigy; he suffered the persecutions ofFather Haugoult, by whose brutal hands his "Treatise on the Will, "composed during class hours, was seized and destroyed. Themathematician had already doubled his capacity by becoming aphilosopher. His comrades had named him Pythagoras. His coursecompleted, and his father being dead, Louis Lambert lived for twoyears at Blois, with Lefebvre, until, growing desirous of seeingMadame de Stael, he journeyed to Paris on foot, arriving July 14, 1817. Not finding his illustrious benefactress alive, he returned homein 1820. During these three years Lambert lived the life of a workman, became a close friend of Meyraux, and was cherished and admired as amember of the Cenacle on rue des Quatre-Vents, which was presided overby Arthez. Once more he went to Blois, journeyed over Touraine, andbecame acquainted with Pauline Salomon de Villenoix, whom he lovedwith a passion that was reciprocated. He had suffered from braintrouble previous to their engagement, and as the wedding dayapproached the disease grew constantly worse, although occasionallythere were periods of relief. During one of these good periods, in1822, Lambert met the Cambremers at Croisic, and on the suggestion ofPauline de Villenoix, he made a study of their history. The maladyreturned, but was interrupted occasionally by outburts of beautifulthought, the fragments of which were collected by MademoiselleSalomon. Louis had likewise occasional fits of insanity. He believedhimself powerless and wished, one day, to perform on his own bodyOrigene's celebrated operation. Lambert died September 25, 1824, theday before the date selected for his marriage with Pauline. [LouisLambert. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Seaside Tragedy. ]

LAMBERT (Madame), lived in Paris in 1840. She was then at a very piousage, "played the saint, " and performed the duties of housekeeper forM. Picot, professor of mathematics, No. 9, rue du Val-de-Grace. In theservice of this old philosopher she reaped enormous profits. MadameLambert hypocritically took advantage of her apparent devotion to him. She sought Theodose de la Peyrade, and begged him to write a memorialto the Academy in her favor, for she longed to receive the rewardoffered by Montyon. At the same time she put into La Peyrade's keepingtwenty-five thousand francs, which she had accumulated by herhousehold thefts. On this occasion, Madame Lambert seems to have beenthe secret instrument of Corentin, the famous police-agent. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

LANGEAIS (Duc de), a refugee during the Restoration, who planned, atthe time of the Terror, by correspondence with the Abbe de Marollesand the Marquis de Beauseant to help escape from Paris, where theywere in hiding, two nuns, one of whom, Sister Agathe, was a Langeais. [An Episode Under the Terror. ] In 1812 Langeais married MademoiselleAntoinette de Navarreins, who was then eighteen years old. He allowedhis wife every liberty, and, neither abandoning any of his habits, norgiving up any of his pleasures, he lived, indeed, apart from her. In1818 Langeais commanded a division in the army and occupied a positionat court. He died in 1823. [The Thirteen. ]

LANGEAIS (Duchesse Antoinette de), [*] wife of the preceding, daughterof the Duc de Navarreins; born in 1794; reared by the Princesse deBlamont-Chauvry, her aunt; grand-niece of the Vidame de Pamiers; nieceof the Duc de Grandlieu by her marriage. Very beautiful andintelligent, Madame de Langeais reigned in Paris at the beginning ofthe Restoration. In 1819 her best friend was the Vicomtesse Claire deBeauseant, whom she wounded cruelly, for her own amusement, calling onher one morning for the express purpose of announcing the marriage ofthe Marquis d'Ajuda-Pinto. Of this pitiless proceeding she repentedlater, and asked pardon, moreover, of the foresaken woman. Soonafterwards the Duchesse de Langeais had the pleasure of captivatingthe Marquis de Montriveau, playing for him the role of Celimene andmaking him suffer greatly. He had his revenge, however, for, scornedin her turn, or believing herself scorned, she suddenly disappearedfrom Paris, after having scandalized the whole Saint-Germain communityby remaining in her carriage for a long time in front of theMontriveau mansion. Some bare-footed Spanish Carmelites received heron their island in the Mediterranean, where she became Sister Therese. After prolonged searching Montriveau found her, and, in the presenceof the mother-superior, had a conversation with her as she stoodbehind the grating. Finally he managed to carry her off--dead. In thisbold venture the marquis was aided by eleven of The Thirteen, amongthem being Ronquerolles and Marsay. The duchess, having lost herhusband, was free at the time of her death in 1824. [Father Goriot. The Thirteen. ]

[*] At the Vaudeville and Gaite theatres in Paris, Ancelot and Alexis Decomberousse at the former, and Messieurs Ferdinand Dugue and Peaucellier at the latter, brought out plays founded on the life of Antoinette de Langeais, in 1834 and 1868 respectively. 

LANGEAIS (Mademoiselle de). (See Agathe, Sister. )

LANGLUME, miller, a jolly impulsive little man, in 1823 deputy-mayorof Blangy in Bourgogne, at the time of the political, territorial andfinancial contests of which the country was the theatre, with Rigouand Montcornet as actors. He was of great service to GenevieveNiseron's paternal grandfather. [The Peasantry. ]

LANGUET, vicar, built Saint-Sulpice, and was an acquaintance ofToupillier, who asked alms in 1840 at the doors of this church inParis, which since 1860 has been one of the sixth ward parishchurches. [The Middle Classes. ]

LANSAC (Duchesse de), of the younger branch of the Parisian house ofNavarreins, 1809, the proud woman who shone under Louis XV. TheDuchesse de Lansac, in November of the same year, consented, oneevening, to meet Isemberg, Montcornet, and Martial de la Roche-Hugonin Malin de Gondreville's house, for the purpose of conciliating hernephew and niece in their domestic quarrel. [Domestic Peace. ]

LANTIMECHE, born in 1770. In 1840, at Paris, a penniless journeymanlocksmith and inventor, he went to the money-lender, Cerizet, on ruedes Poules, to borrow a hundred francs. [The Middle Classes. ]

LANTY (Comte de), owner of an expensive mansion near theElysee-Bourbon, which he had bought from the Marechal de Carigliano. He gave there under the Restoration some magnificent entertainments, at which were present the upper classes of Parisian society, ignorant, though they were, of the count's lineage. Lanty, who was a mysteriousman, passed for a clever chemist. He had married the rich niece of thepeculiar eunuch, Zambinella, by whom he had two children, Marianinaand Filippo. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis. ]

LANTY (Comtesse de), wife of the preceding, born in 1795, niece andlikewise adopted daughter of the wealthy eunuch, Zambinella, was themistress of M. De Maucombe, by whom she had a daughter, Marianina deLanty. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis. ]

LANTY (Marianina de), daughter of the preceding and according to lawof the Comte de Lanty, although she was in reality the daughter of M. De Maucombe; born in 1809. She bore a striking resemblance to hersister, Renee de l'Estorade, born Maucombe. In 1825 she concealed, andlavished care on her great-uncle, Zambinella. During her parents'sojourn in Rome she took lessons in sculpture of Charles Dorlange, whoafterwards, in 1839, became a member for Arcis, under the name ofComte de Sallenauve. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis. ]

LANTY (Filippo de), younger brother of the preceding, second child ofthe Comte and the Comtesse de Lanty. Being young and handsome he wasan attendant at the fetes given by his parents during the Restoration. By his marriage, which took place under Louis Philippe, he becameallied with the family of a German grand duke. [Sarrasine. The Memberfor Arcis. ]

LA PALFERINE(Gabriel-Jean-Anne-Victor-Benjamin-Georges-Ferdinand-Charles-Edouard-Rusticoli, Comte de), born in 1802; of an ancient Italian family which had becomeimpoverished; grandson on the paternal side of one of the protectorsof Josephine-Sophie Laguerre; descended indirectly from the ComtesseAlbany--whence his given name of Charles-Edouard. He had in his veinsthe mixed blood of the condottiere and the gentleman. Under LouisPhilippe, idle and fast going to ruin, with his Louis XIII. Cast ofcountenance, his evil-minded wit, his lofty independent manners, insolent yet winning, he was a type of the brilliant Bohemian of theBoulevard de Gand; so much so, that Madame de la Baudraye, basing herinformation on points furnished her by Nathan, one day drew a pictureof him, writing a description in which artificiality and artlessnesswere combined. In this were many interesting touches: La Palferine'scontempt shown at all times for the bourgeois class and forms ofgovernment; the request for the return of his toothbrush, then in thepossession of a deserted mistress, Antonia Chocardelle; his relationswith Madame du Bruel, whom he laid siege to, won, and neglected--ayielding puppet, of whom, strange to say, he broke the heart and madethe fortune. He lived at that time in the Roule addition, in a plaingarret, where he was in the habit of receiving Zephirin Marcas. Thewretchedness of his quarters did not keep La Palferine out of thebest society, and he was the guest of Josepha Mirah at the firstentertainment given in her house on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. By astrange order of events, Comte Rusticoli became Beatrix de Rochefide'slover, a few years after the events just narrated, at a time whenthe Debats published a novel by him which was spoken of far and wide. Nathan laid the foundation for this affair. Trailles, Charles-Edouard's master, carried on the negotiations and brought theintrigue to a consummation, being urged on by the Abbe Brossette'sassent and the Duchesse de Grandlieu's request. La Palferine'sliaison with Madame de Rochefide effected a reconciliation betweenCalyste du Guenic and his wife. In the course of time, however, Comte Rusticoli deserted Beatrix and sent her back to her husband, Arthur de Rochefide. During the winter of 1842 La Palferine wasattracted to Madame de Laginska, had some meetings with her, butfailed in this affair through the intervention of Thaddee Paz. [APrince of Bohemia. A Man of Business. Cousin Betty. Beatrix. TheImaginary Mistress. ]

LA PEYRADE (Charles-Marie-Theodose de), born near Avignon in 1813, oneof eleven children of the police-agent Peyrade's youngest brother, wholived in poverty on a small estate called Canquoelle; a boldSoutherner of fair skin; given to reflection; ambitious, tactful andastute. In 1829 he left the department of Vaucluse and went to Parison foot in search of Peyrade who, he had reason to believe, waswealthy, but of whose business he was ignorant. Theodose departedthrough the Barriere d'Enfer, which has been destroyed since 1860, atthe moment when Jacques Collin murdered his uncle. At that time heentered a house of ill-fame, where he had unwittingly for mistressLydie Peyrade, his full-blooded cousin. Theodose then lived for threeyears on a hundred louis which Corentin had secretly given to him. Ongiving him the money, the national chief of police quietly advised himto become an attorney. Journalism, however, at first, seemed atempting career to M. De la Peyrade, and he went into politics, finally becoming editor of a paper managed by Cerizet. The failure ofthis journal left Theodose once more very poor. Nevertheless, throughCorentin, who secretly paid the expenses of his studies, he was ableto begin and continue a course in law. Once licensed, M. De la Peyradebecame a barrister and professing to be entirely converted toSocialism, he freely pleaded the cause of the poor before themagistrate of the eleventh or twelfth district. He occupied the thirdstory of the Thuillier house on rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer. He fellinto the hands of Dutocq and Cerizet and suffered under the pressureof these grasping creditors. Theodose now decided that he would marryM. Thuillier's natural daughter, Mademoiselle Celeste Colleville, but, with Felix Phellion's love to contend with, despite the combinedsupport, gained with difficulty, of Madame Colleville and of M. AndMademoiselle Thuillier, he failed through Corentin's circumvention. His marriage with Lydie Peyrade repaired the wrong which he hadformerly done unwittingly. As successor to Corentin he became nationalchief-of-police in 1840. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The MiddleClasses. ]

LA PEYRADE (Madame de), first cousin and wife of the preceding, bornLydie Peyrade in 1810, natural daughter of the police officer Peyradeand of Mademoiselle Beaumesnil; passed her childhood successively inHolland and in Paris, on rue des Moineaux, whence, Jacques Collin, thirsting for revenge, abducted her during the Restoration. Beingsomewhat in love, at that time, with Lucien de Rubempre she was takento a house of ill-fame, Peyrade being at the time very ill. Upon herdeparture she was insane. Her own cousin, Theodose de la Peyrade, hadbeen her lover there, fortuitously and without dreaming that they wereblood relatives. Corentin adopted this insane girl, who was a talentedmusician and singer, and at his home on rue Honore-Chevalier, in 1840, he arranged for both the cure and the marriage of his ward. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. The Middle Classes. ]

LA POURAILLE, usual surname of Dannepont. 

LARAVINIERE, tavern-keeper in Western France, lodged "brigands" whohad armed themselves as Royalists under the first Empire. He wascondemned, either by Bourlac or Mergi, to five years in prison. [TheSeamy Side of History. ]

LARDOT (Madame), born in 1771, lived in Alencon in 1816 on rue duCours--a street still bearing the same name. She was a laundress, andtook as boarders a relative named Grevin and the Chevalier de Valois. She had among her employes Cesarine and Suzanne, afterwards MadameTheodore Gaillard. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

LAROCHE, born in 1763 at Blangy in Bourgogne, was, in 1823, an agedvine-dresser, who felt a calm, relentless hatred for the rich, especially the Montcornets, occupants of Aigues. [The Peasantry. ]

LA ROCHE (Sebastien de), born early in the nineteenth century, wasprobably the son of an unpretentious, retired Treasury clerk. InDecember, 1824, he found himself in Paris, poor, but capable andzealous, as a supernumerary in the office of Xavier Rabourdin of theDepartment of Finance. He lived with his widowed mother in the busiestpart of Marais on rue du Roi-Dore. M. And Madame Rabourdin receivedand gave him assistance by preparing a copy of a rare and mysteriousgovernment work. The discovery of this book by Dutocq unfortunatelyresulted in the discharge of both chief and clerk. [The GovernmentClerks. ]

LA ROCHE-GUYON (De), the eldest of one of the oldest families in thesection of Orne, at one time connected with the Esgrignons, whovisited them frequently. In 1805 he sued vainly, through MaitreChesnel, for the hand of Armande d'Esgrignon. [Jealousies of a CountryTown. ]

LA ROCHE-HUGON (Martial de), shrewd, turbulent and daring Southerner, had a long and brilliant administrative career in politics. Even in1809 the Council of State employed him as one of the masters ofpetitions. Napoleon Bonaparte was patron of this young Provencal. Also, in November of the same year, Martial was invited to the fetegiven by Malin de Gondreville--a celebration which the Emperor wasvainly expected to attend. Montcornet was present, also the Duchessede Lansac, who succeeded in bringing about a reconciliation betweenher nephew and niece, M. And Madame de Soulanges. M. De laRoche-Hugon's mistress, Madame de Vaudremont, was also in attendanceat this ball. For five years he had enjoyed a close friendship withMontcornet, and this bond was lasting. In 1815 the securing of Aiguesfor Montcornet was undertaken by Martial, who had served as prefectunder the Empire, and retained his office under the Bourbons. Thusfrom 1821 to 1823 M. De la Roche-Hugon was at the head of thedepartment in Bourgogne, which contained Aigues and Ville-aux-Fayes, M. Des Lupeaulx's sub-prefecture. A dismissal from this office, towhich the Comte de Casteran succeeded, threw Martial into theopposition among the Liberalists, but this was for a short time, as hesoon accepted an embassy. Louis Philippe's government honored M. De laRoche-Hugon by making him minister, ambassador, and counselor ofstate. Eugene de Rastignac, who had favored him before, now gave himone of his sisters in marriage. Several children resulted from thisunion. Martial continued to remain influential and associated with thepopular idols of the time, M. And Madame de l'Estorade. His relationswith the national chief of police, Corentin, in 1840, were alsoindicative of his standing. As a deputy the next year M. De laRoche-Hugon probably filled the directorship in the War Department, left vacant by Hector Hulot. [Domestic Peace. The Peasantry. ADaughter of Eve. The Member for Arcis. The Middle Classes. CousinBetty. ]

LA ROCHE-HUGON (Madame Martial de). (See Rastignac, Mesdemoisellesde. )

LA RODIERE (Stephanie de). (See Nueil, Madame Gaston de. )

LA ROULIE (Jacquin), chief huntsman of the Prince de Cadignan, tookpart with his master, in 1829, in the exciting hunt given inNormandie, in which as spectators or riders were the Mignons de laBastie, the Maufrigneuses, the Herouvilles, M. De Canalis, Eleonore deChaulieu and Ernest de la Briere. Jacquin la Roulie was at that timean old man and a firm believer in the French school; he had anargument with John Barry, another guest, who defended Englishprinciples. [Modeste Mignon. ]

LARSONNIERE (M. And Madame de), formed the aristocracy of the littlecity of Saumur, of which Felix Grandet had been mayor in the yearsjust previous to the First Empire. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

LA THAUMASSIERE (De), grandson of the Berry historian, a youngland-owner, the dandy of Sancerre. While present in Madame de laBaudraye's parlor, he had the misfortune to yawn during an expositionwhich she was giving, for the fourth time, of Kant's philosophy; hewas henceforth looked upon as a man completely lacking inunderstanding and in soul. [The Muse of the Department. ]

LATOURNELLE (Simon-Babylas), born in 1777, was notary at Havre, wherehe had bought the most extensive practice for one hundred thousandfrancs, lent him in 1817 by Charles Mignon de la Bastie. He marriedMademoiselle Agnes Labrosse, having by her one son, Exupere. Heremained the intimate friend of his benefactors, the Mignons. [ModesteMignon. ]

LATOURNELLE (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Agnes Labrosse, daughter to the clerk of the court of first instance at Havre. Talland ungainly of figure, a bourgeoise of rather ancient tastes, at thesame time good-hearted, she had somewhat late in life, by hermarriage, a son whose given name was Exupere. She entertained JeanButscha. Madame Latournelle was a frequent visitor of the Mignons dela Bastie, and at all times testified her affection for them. [ModesteMignon. ]

LATOURNELLE (Exupere), son of the preceding couple, went with them tovisit the Mignons de la Bastie, towards the end of the Restoration. Hewas then a tall, insignificant young man. [Modeste Mignon. ]

LAUDIGEOIS, married, head of a family, typical petty bourgeois, employed during the Restoration by the mayor of the eleventh ortwelfth ward in Paris, a position from which he was unjustly expelledby Colleville in 1840. In 1824 an intimate neighbor of the Phellions, and exactly like them in morals, he attended their informal card-partyon Thursday evening. Laudigeois, introduced by the Phellions, finallybecame a close friend of the Thuilliers, during the reign of LouisPhilippe. His civil statistical record should be corrected, as hisname in several of the papers is spelled Leudigeois. [The GovernmentClerks. The Middle Classes. ]

LAURE, given name of a sweet and charming young peasant girl, who tookServin's course in painting at Paris in 1815. She protected Ginevra diPiombo, an affectionate friend, who was her elder. [The Vendetta. ]

LAURENT, a Savoyard, Antoine's nephew; husband of an expert laundressof laces, mender of cashmeres, etc. In 1824 he lived with them andtheir relative, Gabriel, in Paris. In the evening he was door-keeperin a subsidized theatre; in the daytime he was usher in the Bureau ofFinance. In this position Laurent was first to learn of the worldlyand official success attained by Celestine Rabourdin, when sheattempted to have Xavier appointed successor to Flamet de laBillardiere. [The Government Clerks. ]

LAURENT, Paris, 1815, M. Henri de Marsay's servant, equal to theFrontins of the old regime; was able to obtain for his master, throughthe mail-carrier, Moinot, the address of Paquita Valdes and otherinformation about her. [The Thirteen. ]

LAVIENNE, Jean-Jules Popinot's servant in Paris, rue du Fouarre, 1828;"made on purpose for his master, " whom he aided in his activephilanthropy by redeeming and renewing pledges given to thepawnbrokers. He took the place of his master in Palais de Justiceduring the latter's absence. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

LAVRILLE, famous naturalist, employed in the Jardin des Plantes, anddwelling on rue de Buffon, Paris, 1831. Consulted as to the shagreen, the enlargement of which was so passionately desired by Raphael deValentin, Lavrille could do nothing more than talk on the subject andsent the young man to Planchette, the professor of mechanics. Lavrille, "the grand mogul of zoology, " reduced science to a catalogueof names. He was then preparing a monograph on the duck family. [TheMagic Skin. ]

LEBAS (Joseph), born in 1779, a penniless orphan, he was assisted andemployed in Paris, first by the Guillaumes, cloth-merchants on rueSaint-Denis, at the Cat and Racket. Under the First Empire he marriedVirginie, [*] the elder of his employer's daughters, although he was inlove with the younger, Mademoiselle Augustine. He succeeded theGuilliaumes in business. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ] Duringthe first years of the Restoration he presided over the Tribunal ofCommerce. Joseph Lebas, who was intimate with M. And Madame Birotteau, attended their ball with his wife. He also strove for Cesar'srehabilitation. [Cesar Birotteau. ] During the reign of Louis Philippe, having for an intimate friend Celestin Crevel, he retired frombusiness and lived at Corbeil. [Cousin Betty. ]

[*] The names of Virginie and Augustine are confused in the original text. 

LEBAS (Madame Joseph), wife of the preceding, born Virginie Guillaumein 1784, elder of Guillaume's daughters, lived at the Cat and Racket;the counterpart, physically and morally, of her mother. Under theFirst Empire, at the parish church of Saint-Leu, Paris, her marriagetook place on the same day that her younger sister, Augustine deSommervieux, was wedded. The love which she felt for her husband wasnot reciprocated. She viewed with indifference her sister'smisfortunes, became intimate in turn with the Birotteaus and theCrevels; and, having retired from business, spent her last days in themiddle of Louis Philippe's reign at Corbeil. [At the Sign of the Catand Racket. Cesar Birotteau. Cousin Betty. ]

LEBAS, probably a son of the preceding. In 1836 first assistant of theking's solicitor at Sancerre; two years later counselor to the courtof Paris. In 1838 he would have married Hortense Hulot if Crevel hadnot prevented the match. [The Muse of the Department. Cousin Betty. ]

LEBOEUF, for a long time connected with the prosecuting attorney atNantes, being president of the court there in the latter part of LouisPhilippe's reign. He was well acquainted with the Camusot deMarvilles, and knew Maitre Fraisier, who claimed his acquaintance in1845. [Cousin Pons. ]

LEBRUN, sub-lieutenant, then captain in the Seventy-seconddemi-brigade, commanded by Hulot during the war against the Chouansin 1799. [The Chouans. ]

LEBRUN, division-chief in the War Department in 1838. Marneffe was oneof his employes. [Cousin Betty. ]

LEBRUN, protege, friend and disciple of Doctor Bouvard. Being aphysician at the prison in May, 1830, he was called upon to establishthe death of Lucien de Rubempre. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] In1845 Lebrun was chief physician of the Parisian boulevard theatre, managed by Felix Gaudissart. [Cousin Pons. ]

LECAMUS (Baron de Tresnes), counselor to the royal court of Paris, lived, in 1816, rue Chanoinesse, with Madame de la Chanterie. Knownthere by the name of Joseph, he was a Brother of Consolation incompany with Montauran, Alain, Abbe de Veze and Godefroid. [The SeamySide of History. ]

LECHESNEAU, through the influence of Cambaceres and Bonaparte, appointed attorney-general in Italy, but as a result of his manydisreputable love-affairs, despite his real capacity foroffice-holding, he was forced to give up his position. Between theend of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire he became headof the grand jury at Troyes. Lechesneau, who had been repeatedlybribed by Senator Malin, had to occupy himself in 1806 with theHauteserre-Simeuse-Michu affair. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

LECLERQ, native of Bourgogne, commissioner for the vinters in thedepartment to which Ville-aux-Fayes, a sub-prefecture of this sameprovince, belonged. He was of service to Gaubertin, Madame Soudry, also Rigon, perhaps, and was in turn under obligations to them. Havingarranged a partnership he founded the house of "Leclerq & Company, " onQuai de Bethune, Ile Saint-Louis, Paris, in competition with thewell-known house of Grandet. In 1815 Leclerq married Jenny Gaubertin. As a banker he dealt in wine commissions, and became regent of theNational Bank. During the Restoration he represented as deputy on theLeft Centre the district of Ville-aux-Fayes, and not far from thesub-prefecture, in 1823, bought a large estate, which brought thirtythousand francs rental. [The Peasantry. ]

LECLERQ (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Jenny Gaubertin, eldestdaughter of Gaubertin, steward of Aigues in Bourgogne, received twohundred thousand francs as dowry. [The Peasantry. ]

LECLERQ, brother-in-law of the preceding, during the Restoration wasspecial collector at Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, and joined the othermembers of his family in worrying, more or less, the Comte deMontcornet. [The Peasantry. ]

LECOCQ, a trader, whose failure was very cleverly foretold byGuillaume at the Cat and Racket. This failure was Guillaume's Battleof Marengo. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

LEFEBVRE, Louis Lambert's uncle, was successively oratorian, swornpriest and cure of Mer, a small city near Blois. Had a delightfuldisposition and a heart of rare tenderness. He exercised a watchfulcare over the childhood and youth of his remarkable nephew. The AbbeLefebvre later on lived at Blois, the Restoration having caused him tolose his position. In 1822, under form of a letter sent from Croisic, he was the first to receive information concerning the Cambremers. Thenext year, having become much older in appearance, while riding in astage-coach he told of the frightful state of suffering, sometimesmingled with remarkable displays of intellect, which preceded thedeath of Louis Lambert. [Louis Lambert. A Seaside Tragedy. ]

LEFEBVRE (Robert), well-known French painter of the First Empire. In1806, at the expense of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, he painted Michu'sportrait. [The Gondreville Mystery. ] Among the many paintings executedby Robert Lefebvre is a portrait of Hulot d'Ervy dressed in theuniform of chief commissary of the Imperial Guard. This is dated 1810. [Cousin Betty. ]

LEGANES (Marquis de), Spanish grandee, married, father of twodaughters, Clara and Mariquita, and of three sons, Juanito, Philippeand Manuel. He manifested a spirit of patriotism in the war carried onagainst the French during the Empire and died then under the mosttragic circumstances, in which Mariquita was an unwilling abettor. TheMarquis de Leganes died by the hand of his eldest son, who had beencondemned to be his executioner. [El Verdugo. ]

LEGANES (Marquise de), wife of the preceding and condemned to die withthe other members of the family by the hand of her eldest son. Shespared him the necessity of doing this terrible deed of war bycommitting suicide. [El Verdugo. ]

LEGANES (Clara de), daughter of the preceding couple; also shared thecondemnation of the Marquis de Leganes and died by the hand ofJuanito. [El Verdugo. ]

LEGANES (Mariquita de), sister of the preceding, had rescued MajorVictor Marchand of the French infantry from danger in 1808. Intestimony of his gratitude he was able to obtain pardon for one memberof the Leganes family, but with the horribly cruel provision that theone spared should become executioner of the rest of the family. [ElVerdugo. ]

LEGANES (Juanito de), brother of the last-named, born in 1778. Smalland of poor physique, of gentlemanly manners, yet proud and scornful, he was gifted with that delicacy of feeling which in olden timescaused Spanish gallantry to be so well known. Upon the earnest requestof his proud-spirited family he consented to execute his father, histwo sisters and his two brothers. Juanito only was saved from death, that his family might not become extinct. [El Verdugo. ]

LEGANES (Philippe de), younger brother of the preceding, born in 1788, a noble Spaniard condemned to death; executed by his elder brother in1808, during the war waged against the French. [El Verdugo. ]

LEGANES (Manuel de), born in 1800, youngest of the five Leganeschildren, suffered, in 1808, during the war waged by the French inSpain, the fate of his father, the marquis, and of his elder brotherand sisters. The youngest scion of this noble family died by the handof Juanito de Leganes. [El Verdugo. ]

LEGER, extensive farmer of Beaumont-sur-Oise, married daughter ofReybert, Moreau's successor as exciseman of the Presles estate, belonging to the Comte de Serizy; had by his wife a daughter whobecame, in 1838, Madame Joseph Bridau. [A Start in Life. ]

LEGRELU, a bald-headed man, tall and good-looking; in 1840 became avintner in Paris on rue des Canettes, corner of rue Guisarde. Toupillier, Madame Cardinal's uncle, the "pauper of Saint-Sulpice, "was his customer. [The Middle Classes. ]

LELEWEL, a nineteenth century revolutionist, head of the PolishRepublican party in Paris in 1835. One of his friends was Doctor MoiseHalpersohn. [The Imaginary Mistress. The Seamy Side of History. ]

LEMARCHAND. (See Tours, Minieres des. )

LEMIRE, professor of drawing in the Imperial Lyceum, Paris, in 1812;foresaw the talent of Joseph Bridau, one of his pupils, for painting, and threw the future artist's mother into consternation by telling herof this fact. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

LEMPEREUR, in 1819, Chaussee-d'Antin, Paris, clerk to CharlesClaparon, at that time "straw-man" of Tillet, Roguin & Company. [CesarBirotteau. ]

LEMPRUN, born in 1745, son-in-law of Galard, market-gardener ofAuteuil. Employed, in turn, in the houses of Thelusson and of Kellerin Paris, he was probably the first messenger in the service of theBank of France, having entered that establishment when it was founded. He met Mademoiselle Brigitte Thuillier during this period of his life, and in 1814 gave Celeste, his only daughter, in marriage to Brigitte'sbrother, Louis-Jerome Thuillier. M. Lemprun died the year following. [The Middle Classes. ]

LEMPRUN (Madame), wife of the preceding, daughter of Galard, themarket-gardener of Auteuil, mother of one child--Madame CelesteThuillier. She lived in the village of Auteuil from 1815 until thetime of her death in 1829. She reared Celeste Phellion, daughter ofL. -J. Thuillier and of Madame de Colleville. Madame Lemprun left asmall fortune inherited from her father, M. Galard, which wasadministered by Brigitte Thuillier. This Lemprun estate consisted oftwenty thousand francs, saved by the strictest economy, and of a housewhich was sold for twenty-eight thousand francs. [The Middle Classes. ]

LEMULQUINIER, a native of Flanders, owed his name to the linen-yarndealers of that province, who are called _mulquiniers_. He lived inDouai, was the valet of Balthazar Claes, and encouraged and aided hismaster in his foolish investigations, despite the extreme coldness ofhis own nature and the opposition of Josette, Martha, and the women ofthe Claes family. Lemulquinier even went so far as to give all hispersonal property to M. Claes. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

LENONCOURT (De), born in 1708, marshal of France, marquis at first, then duke, was the friend of Victor-Amedee de Verneuil, and adoptedMarie de Verneuil, the acknowledged natural daughter of his oldcomrade, when the latter died. Suspected unjustly of being this younggirl's lover, the septuagenarian refused to marry her, and leaving herbehind he changed his place of residence to Coblentz. [The Chouans. ]

LENONCOURT (Duc de), father of Madame de Mortsauf. The early part ofthe Restoration was the brilliant period of his career. He obtained apeerage, owned a house in Paris on rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, looked after Birotteau and found him a situation just after hisfailure. Lenoncourt played for the favor of Louis XVIII. , was firstgentleman in the king's chamber, and welcomed Victurnien d'Esgrignon, with whom he had some relationship. The Duc de Lenoncourt was, in1835, visiting the Princesse de Cadignan, when Marsay explained thereasons the political order had for the mysterious kidnapping ofGondreville. Three years later he died a very old man. [The Lily ofthe Valley. Cesar Birotteau. Jealousies of a Country Town. TheGondreville Mystery. Beatrix. ]

LENONCOURT (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, born in 1758, of acold, severe, insincere, ambitious nature, was almost always unkind toher daughter, Madame de Mortsauf. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

LENONCOURT-GIVRY (Duc de), youngest son of M. And Madame de Chaulieu, at first followed a military career. Titles and names in abundancecame to him. In 1827 he married Madeleine de Mortsauf, the only heirof her parents. [Letters of Two Brides. ] The Duc de Lenoncourt-Givrywas a man of some importance in the Paris of Louis Philippe and wasinvited to the festival at the opening of Josepha Mirah's new house, rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty. ] The year following attentionwas still turned towards him indirectly, when Sallenauve wascontending in defence of the duke's brother-in-law. [The Member forArcis. ]

LENONCOURT-GIVRY (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, bore the firstname of Madeleine. Madame de Lenoncourt-Givry was one of two childrenof the Comte and Comtesse de Mortsauf. She lived almost alone in herfamily, having lost at an early age her mother, then her brotherJacques. While passing her girlhood in Touraine, she met Felix deVandenesse, from whom she knew how to keep aloof on becoming anorphan. Her inheritance of names, titles and wealth brought about hermarriage with the youngest son of M. And Madame de Chaulieu in 1827, and established for her a friendship with the Grandlieus, whosedaughter, Clotilde, accompanied her to Italy about 1830. During thefirst day of their journey the arrest of Lucien Chardon de Rubempretook place under their eyes near Bouron, Seine-et-Marne. [The Lily ofthe Valley. Letters of Two Brides. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

LENORMAND was court registrar at Paris during the Restoration, and didComte Octave de Bauvan a service by passing himself off as owner of ahouse on rue Saint-Maur, which belonged in reality to the count andwhere the wife of that high magistrate lived, at that time beingseparated from her husband. [Honorine. ]

LEOPOLD, a character in "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " a novel by AlbertSavarus, was Maitre Leopold Hannequin. The author pictured him ashaving a strong passion--imaginary or true--for the mother ofRodolphe, the hero of this autobiographical novel, published by the"Revue de l'Est" under the reign of Louis Philippe. [Albert Savarus. ]

LEPAS (Madame de), for a long time keeper of a tavern at Vendome, ofFlemish physique; acquainted with M. And Madame de Merret, andfurnished information about them to Doctor Horace Bianchon; ComteBagos de Feredia, who died so tragically, having been a lodger in herhouse. She was also interviewed by the author, who, under the name ofValentine, gave on the stage of the Gymnase-Dramatique the story ofthe incontinence and punishment of Josephine de Merret. This Vendometavern-keeper pretended also to have lodged some princesses, M. Decazes, General Bertrand, the King of Spain, and the Duc and Duchesseof d'Abrantes. [La Grande Bretche. ]

LEPITRE, strong Royalist, had some relations with M. De Vandenesse, when they wished to rescue Marie-Antoinette from the Temple. Later, under the Empire, having become head of an academy, in the old Joyeusehouse, Quartier Saint-Antoine, Paris, Lepitre counted among his pupilsa son of M. De Vandenesse, Felix. Lepitre was fat, like Louis XVIII. , and club-footed. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

LEPITRE (Madame), wife of the preceding, reared Felix de Vandenesse. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

LEPRINCE (Monsieur and Madame). M. Leprince was a Parisian auctioneertowards the end of the Empire and at the beginning of the Restoration. He finally sold his business at a great profit; but being injured byone of Nucingen's failures, he lost in some speculations on the Boursesome of the profits that he had realized. He was the father-in-law ofXavier Rabourdin, whose fortune he risked in these dangerousspeculations, that his son-in-law's domestic comfort might beincreased. Crushed by misfortune he died under Louis XVIII. , leavingsome rare paintings which beautified the parlor of his children's homeon rue Duphot. Madame Leprince, who died before the bankruptauctioneer, a distinguished woman and a natural artist, worshiped and, consequently, spoiled her only child, Celestine, who became MadameXavier Rabourdin. She communicated to her daughter some of her owntastes, and thoughtlessly, perhaps, developed in her a love of luxury, intelligent and refined. [The Government Clerks. ]

LEROI (Pierre), called also Marche-a-terre, a Fougeres Chouan, whoplayed an important part during the civil war of 1799 in Bretagne, where he gave evidence of courage and heartlessness. He survived thetragedy of this period, for he was seen on the Place d'Alencon in 1809when Cibot--Pille-Miche--was tried at the bar as a chauffeur andattempted to escape. In 1827, nearly twenty years later, this samePierre Leroi was known as a peaceable cattle-trader in the markets ofhis province. [The Chouans. The Seamy Side of History. Jealousies of aCountry Town. ]

LEROI (Madame), mother of the preceding, being ill, was cured oncoming to Fougeres to pray under the oak of the Patte-d'Oie. This treewas decorated with a beautiful wooden image of the Virgin, placedthere in memory of Sainte-Anne d'Auray's appearance in this place. [The Chouans. ]

LESEIGNEUR DE ROUVILLE (Baronne), pensionless widow of a sea-captainwho had died at Batavia, under the Republic, during a prolongedengagement with an English vessel; mother of Madame HippolyteSchinner. Early in the nineteenth century she lived at Paris with herunmarried daughter, Adelaide. On the fourth story of a house belongingto Molineux, on rue de Surene, near the Madeleine, Madame Leseigneuroccupied unadorned and gloomy apartments. There she frequentlyreceived Hippolyte Schinner, Messieurs du Halga and de Kergarouet. Shereceived from two of these friends many delicate marks of sympathy, despite the gossip of the neighbors who were astonished that Madame deRouville and her daughter should have different names, and shocked bytheir very suspicious behavior. The manner in which MesdamesLeseigneur recognized the good offices of Schinner led to his marriagewith Mademoiselle de Rouville. [The Purse. ]

LESEIGNEUR (Adelaide). (See Schinner, Madame Hippolyte. )

LESOURD, married the eldest daughter of Madame Guenic of Provins, andtoward the end of the Restoration presided over the justice court ofthat city, of which he had first been king's attorney. In 1828 he wasable, indeed, to defend Pierrette Lorrain, thus showing his oppositionto the local Liberalist leaders, represented by Rogron, Vinet andGourand. [Pierrette. ]

LESOURD (Madame), wife of the preceding and eldest daughter of MadameGuenee; for a long time called in Provins, "the little MadameLesourd. " [Pierrette. ]

LEVEILLE (Jean-Francois), notary in Alencon, inflexible correspondentof the Royalists of Normandie under the Empire. He issued arms tothem, received the surname of Confesseur, and, in 1809, was put todeath with others as the result of a judgment rendered by Bourlac. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

LEVRAULT, enriched by the iron industry in Paris, died in 1813; formerowner of the house in Nemours which came into the possession finallyof Doctor Minoret, who lived there in 1815. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

LEVRAULT-CREMIERE, related to the preceding, an old miller, who becamea Royalist under the Restoration; he was mayor of Nemours from 1829 to1830, and was replaced after the Revolution of July by the notary, Cremiere-Dionis. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

LEVRAULT-LEVRAULT, eldest son, thus named to distinguish him from hisnumerous relatives of the same name; he was a butcher in Nemours in1829, when Ursule Mirouet was undergoing persecution. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

LIAUTARD (Abbe), in the first years of the nineteenth century was atthe head of an institution of learning in Paris; had among his pupilsGodefroid, Madame de la Chanterie's lodger in 1836 and future Brotherof Consolation. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

LINA (Duc de), an Italian, at Milan early in the century, one of thelovers of La Marana, the mother of Madame Diard. [The Miranas. ]

LINET (Jean-Baptiste-Robert, called Robert), member of the Legislatureand of the Convention, born at Bernay in 1743, died at Paris in 1825;minister of finance under the Republic, weakened Antoine and thePoiret brothers by giving them severe work, although twenty-five yearslater they were still laboring in the Treasury. [The GovernmentClerks. ]

LISIEUX (Francois), called the Grand-Fils (grandson), a rebel of thedepartment of Mayenne; chauffeur under the First Empire and connectedwith the Royalist insurrection in the West, which caused Madame de laChanterie's imprisonment. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

LISTOMERE (Marquis de) son of the "old Marquise de Listomere"; deputyof the majority under Charles X. , with hopes of a peerage; husband ofMademoiselle de Vandenesse the elder, his cousin. One evening in 1828, in his own house on rue Saint-Dominique, he was quietly reading the"Gazette de France" without noticing the flirtation carried on at hisside by his wife and Eugene de Rastignac, then twenty-five years old. [The Lily of the Valley. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Studyof Woman. ]

LISTOMERE (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, elder of M. DeVandenesse's daughters, and sister of Charles and Felix. Like herhusband and cousin, during the early years of the Restoration, she wasa brilliant type of the period, combining, as she did, godliness withworldliness, occasionally figuring in politics, and concealing heryouth under the guise of austerity. However, in 1828, her mask seemedto fall at the moment when Madame de Mortsauf died; for, then, shewrongly fancied herself the object of Eugene de Rastignac's wooing. Under Louis Philippe she took part in an intrigue formed for thepurpose of throwing her sister-in-law, Marie de Vandenesse, into thepower of Raoul Nathan. [The Lily of the Valley. Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. A Study of Woman. A Daughter ofEve. ]

LISTOMERE (Marquise de) mother-in-law of the preceding, bornGrandlieu. She lived in Paris at an advanced age in Ile Saint-Louis, during the early years of the nineteenth century; received on hisholidays her grand-nephew, Felix de Vandenesse, then a student, andfrightened him by the solemn or frigid appearance of everything abouther. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

LISTOMERE (Baronne de), had been the wife of a lieutenant-general. Asa widow she lived in the city of Tours under the Restoration, assumingall the grand airs of the past centuries. She helped the Birotteaubrothers. In 1823 she received the army paymaster, Gravier, and theterrible Spanish husband who killed the French surgeon, Bega. Madamede Listomere died, and her wish to make Francois Birotteau her partialheir was not executed. [The Vicar of Tours. Cesar Birotteau. The Museof the Department. ]

LISTOMERE (Baron de), nephew of the preceding, born in 1791; was inturn lieutenant and captain in the navy. During a leave of absencespent with his aunt at Tours he began to intervene in favor of thepersecuted abbe, Francois Birotteau, but finally opposed him uponlearning of the power of the Congregation, and that the priest's namefigured in the Baronne de Listomere's will. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

LISTOMERE (Comtesse de), old, lived in Saint-Germain suburbs of Paris, in 1839. At the Austrian embassy she became acquainted with Rastignac, Madame de Nucingen, Ferdinand du Tillet and Maxime de Trailles. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

LISTOMERE-LANDON (Marquise de), born in Provence, 1744; lady of theeighteenth century aristocracy, had been the friend of Duclos andMarechal de Richelieu. Later she lived in the city of Tours, where shetried to help by unbiased counsel her unsophisticated niece bymarriage, the Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont. Gout and her happiness overthe return of the Duc d'Angouleme caused Madame de Listomere's deathin 1814. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

LOLOTTE. (See Topinard, Madame. )

LONGUEVILLE (De), noble and illustrious family, whose last scion, theDuc de Rostein-Limbourg, executed in 1793, belonged to the youngerbranch. [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

LONGUEVILLE, deputy under Charles X. , son of an attorney, withoutauthority placed the particle _de_ before his name. M. Longueville wasconnected with the house of Palma, Werbrust & Co. ; he was the fatherof Auguste, Maximilien and Clara; desired a peerage for himself and aminister's daughter for his elder son, who had an income of fiftythousand francs. [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

LONGUEVILLE (Auguste), son of the preceding, born late in theeighteenth century, possessed an income of fifty thousand francs;married, probably a minister's daughter; was secretary of an embassy;met Madame Emilie de Vandenesse during a vacation which he wasspending in Paris, and told her the secret of his family. Died young, while employed in the Russian embassy. [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

LONGUEVILLE (Maximilien), one of Longueville's three children, sacrificed himself for his brother and sister; entered business, livedon rue du Sentier--then no longer called rue du Groschenet; wasemployed in a large linen establishment, situated near rue de la Paix;fell passionately in love with Emilie de Fontaine, who became MadameCharles de Vandenesse. She ceased to reciprocate his passion uponlearning that he was merely a novelty clerk. However, M. Longueville, as a result of the early death of his father and of his brother, became a banker, a member of the nobility, a peer, and finally theVicomte "Guiraudin de Longueville. " [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

LONGUEVILLE (Clara), sister of the preceding; she was probably bornduring the Empire; was a very refined young woman of frailconstitution, but good complexion; lived in the time of theRestoration; was companion and protegee of her elder brother, Maximilien, future Vicomte Guiraudin, and was cordially received atthe Planat de Baudry's pavilion, situated in the valley of Sceaux, where she was a good friend of the last unmarried heiress of Comte deFontaine. [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

LORA (Leon de), born in 1806, descendant of a noble family ofRoussillon, of Spanish origin; penniless son of Comte Fernand Didas yLora and Leonie de Lora, born Gazonal; younger brother of Juan deLora, nephew of Mademoiselle Urraca y Lora; he left his native countryat an early age. His family, with the exception of his mother, whodied, remained at home long after his departure, but he never inquiredconcerning them. He went to Paris, where, having entered the artist, Schinner's, studio, under the name of Mistigris, he became celebratedfor his animation and repartee. From 1820 he shone in this way, rarelyleaving Joseph Bridau--a friend whom he accompanied to the Comte deSerizy's at Presles in the valley of Oise. Later Leon protected hisvery sympathetic but commonplace countryman, Pierre Grassou. In 1830he became a celebrity. Arthez entrusted to him the decoration of acastle, and Leon de Lora forthwith showed himself to be a master. Someyears later he took a tour through Italy with Felicite des Touches andClaude Vignon. Being present when the domestic troubles of the Bauvanswere recounted, Lora was able to give a finished analysis ofHonorine's character to M. De l'Hostal. Being a guest at all thesocial feasts and receptions he was in attendance at one ofMademoiselle Brisetout's gatherings on rue Chauchat. There he metBixiou, Etienne Lousteau, Stidmann and Vernisset. He visited theHulots frequently and their intimate friends. With the aid of JosephBridau he rescued W. Steinbock from Clichy, saw him marry Hortense, and was invited to the second marriage of Valerie Marneffe. He wasthen the greatest living painter of landscapes and sea-pieces, aprince of repartee and dissipation, and dependent on Bixiou. Fabien duRonceret gave to him the ornamentation of an apartment on rue Blanche. Wealthy, illustrious, living on rue Berlin, the neighbor of JosephBridau and Schinner, member of the Institute, officer of the Legion ofHonor, Leon, assisted by Bixiou, received his cousin Palafox Gazonal, and pointed out to him many well-known people about town. [TheUnconscious Humorists. A Bachelor's Establishment. A Start in Life. Pierre Grassou. Honorine. Cousin Betty. Beatrix. ]

LORA (Don Juan de), elder brother of the preceding, spent his wholelife in Roussillon, his native country; in the presence of theircousin, Palafox Gazonal, denied that his younger brother, "le petitLeon, " possessed great artistic ability. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

LORAUX (Abbe), born in 1752, of unattractive bearing, yet the verysoul of tenderness. Confessor of the pupils of the Lycee Henry IV. , and of Agathe Bridau; for twenty-five years vicar of Saint-Sulpice atParis; in 1818 confessor of Cesar Birotteau; became in 1819 cure ofthe Blancs-Manteaux in Marais parish. He thus became a neighbor ofOctave de Bauvan, in whose home he placed in 1824 M. De l'Hostal, hisnephew and adopted son. Loraux, who was the means of restoring toBauvan the Comtesse Honorine, received her confessions. He died in1830, she being his nurse at the time. [A Start in Life. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Cesar Birotteau. Honorine. ]

LORRAIN, petty merchant of Pen-Hoel in the beginning of the nineteenthcentury; married and had a son, whose wife and child, Pierrette, hetook care of after his son's death. Lorrain was completely ruinedlater, and took refuge in a home for the old and needy, confidingPierrette, both of whose parents were now dead, to the care of somenear relatives, the Rogrons of Provins. Lorrain's death took placepreviously to that of his wife. [Pierrette. ]

LORRAIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, and grandmother of Pierrette;born about 1757; lived the simple life of her husband, to whom shebore some resemblance. A widow towards the end of the Restoration, shebecame comfortably situated after the return of Collinet of Nantes. Upon going to Provins to recover her granddaughter, she found herdying; went into retirement in Paris, and died soon after, makingJacques Brigaut her heir. [Pierrette. ]

LORRAIN, son of the preceding couple, Bretagne; captain in theImperial Guard; major in the line; married the second daughter of aProvins grocer, Auffray, through whom he had Pierrette; died a poorman, on the battlefield of Montereau, February 18, 1814. [Pierrette. ]

LORRAIN (Madame), wife of the preceding and mother of Pierrette; bornAuffray in 1793; half sister to the mother of Sylvie and Denis Rogronof Provins. In 1814, a poor widow, still very young, she lived withthe Lorrains of Pen-Hoel, a town in the Vendean Marais. It is saidthat she was consoled by the ex-major, Brigaut, of the Catholic army, and survived the unfortunate marriage of Madame Neraud, widow ofAuffray, and maternal grandmother of Pierrette, only three years. [Pierrette. ]

LORRAIN (Pierrette), daughter of the preceding, born in the town ofPen-Hoel in 1813; lost her father when fourteen months old and hermother when six years old; lovable disposition, delicate andunaffected. After a happy childhood, spent with her excellent maternalgrandparents and a playmate, Jacques Brigaut, she was sent to somefirst maternal cousins of Provins, the wealthy Rogrons, who treatedher with pitiless severity. Pierrette died on Easter Tuesday, March, 1828, as the result of sickness brought on by the brutality of hercousin, Sylvie Rogron, who was extremely envious of her. A trial ofher persecutors followed her death, and, despite the efforts of oldMadame Lorrain, Jacques Brigaut, Martener, Desplein and Bianchon, herassailants escaped through the craftily exerted influence of Vinet. [Pierrette. ]

LOUCHARD, the craftiest bailiff of Paris; undertook the recovery ofEsther van Gobseck, who had escaped from Frederic de Nucingen; didbusiness with Maitre Fraisier. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. CousinPons. ]

LOUCHARD (Madame), wife of the preceding, did not live with him;acquainted with Madame Komorn de Godollo and, in 1840, furnished herinformation about Theodose de la Peyrade. [The Middle Classes. ]

LOUDON (Prince de), general in the Vendean cavalry, lived at Le Mansduring the Terror. He was brother of a Verneuil who was guillotined, was noted for "his boldness and the martyrdom of his punishment. " [TheChouans. Modeste Mignon. ]

LOUDON (Prince Gaspard de), born in 1791, third and only surviving sonof the Duc de Verneuil's four children; fat and commonplace, having, very inappropriately, the same name as the celebrated Vendean cavalrygeneral; became probably Desplein's son-in-law. He took part in 1829in a great hunt given in Normandie, in company with the Herouvilles, the Cadignans and the Mignons. [Modeste Mignon. ]

LOUIS XVIII. (Louis-Stanislas-Xavier), born at Versailles, November16, 1754, died September 16, 1824, King of France. He was in politicalrelations with Alphonse de Montauran, Malin de Gondreville, and sometime before this, under the name of the Comte de Lille, with theBaronne de la Chanterie. He considered Peyrade an able officer and washis patron. King Louis XVIII. , friend of the Comte de Fontaine, engaged Felix de Vandenesse as secretary. His last mistress was theComtesse Ferraud. [The Chouans. The Seamy Side of History. TheGondreville Mystery. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Ball atSceaux. The Lily of the Valley. Colonel Chabert. The GovernmentClerks. ]

LOUISE, during the close of Louis Philippe's reign, was Madame W. Steinbock's waiting-maid at Paris, rue Louis-le-Grand, and was courtedby Hulot d'Ervy's cook, at the time when Agathe Piquetard, who wasdestined to become the second Baronne Hulot, was another servant. (Cousin Betty. ]

LOURDOIS, during the Empire wealthy master-painter of interiors;contractor with thirty thousand francs income, of Liberal views. Charged an enormous sum for the famous decorations in CesarBirotteau's apartments, where he was a guest with his wife anddaughter at the grand ball of December 17, 1818. After the failure ofthe perfumer, a little later, he treated him somewhat slightingly. [Atthe Sign of the Cat and Racket. Cesar Birotteau. ]

LOUSTEAU, sub-delegate at Issoudun and afterwards the intimate friendof Doctor Rouget, at that time his enemy, because the doctor waspossibly the father of Mademoiselle Agathe Rouget, then become MadameBridau. Lousteau died in 1800. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

LOUSTEAU (Etienne), son of the preceding, born at Sancerre in 1799, nephew of Maximilienne Hochon, born Lousteau, school-mate of DoctorBianchon. Urged on by his desire for a literary vocation, he enteredParis without money, in 1819, made a beginning with poetry, was theliterary partner of Victor Ducange in a melodrama played at the Gaitein 1821, undertook the editing of a small paper devoted to the stage, of which Andoche Finot was proprietor. He had at that time two homes, one in the Quartier Latin, rue de la Harpe, above the Servel cafe, another on rue de Bondy, with Florine his mistress. Not having abetter place, he became at times Flicoteaux's guest, in company withDaniel d'Arthez and especially Lucien de Rubempre, whom he trained, piloted, and introduced to Dauriat, in fact, whose first steps heaided, not without feeling regret later in life. For one thousandfrancs per month, Lousteau rid Philippe Bridau of his wife, Flore, placing her in a house of ill-fame. He was at the Opera, the eveningof the masque ball of the year 1824, where Blondet, Bixiou, Rastignac, Jacques Collin, Chatelet and Madame d'Espard discovered Lucien deRubempre with Esther Gobseck. Lousteau wrote criticisms, did work forvarious reviews, and for Raoul Nathan's gazette. He lived on rue desMartyrs, and was Madame Schontz's lover. He obtained by some intriguea deputyship at Sancerre; carried on a long liaison with Dinah de laBaudraye; just escaped a marriage with Madame Berthier, then FelicieCardot; was father of Madame de la Baudraye's children, and spoke asfollows concerning the birth of the eldest: "Madame la Baronne de laBaudraye is happily delivered of a child; M. Etienne Lousteau has thehonor of announcing it. " During this liaison, Lousteau, for the sum offive hundred francs, gave to Fabien du Ronceret a discourse to be readat a horticultural exhibition, for which the latter was decorated. Heattended a house-warming at Mademoiselle Brisetout's, rue Chauchat;asked Dinah and Nathan for the purpose or moral of the "Prince ofBohemia. " Lousteau's manner of living underwent little change whenMadame de la Baudraye left him. He heard Maitre Desroches recount oneof Cerizet's adventures, saw Madame Marneffe marry Crevel, took chargeof the "Echo de la Bievre, " and undertook the management of a theatrewith Ridal, the author of vaudevilles. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. A Bachelor's Establishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ADaughter of Eve. Beatrix. The Muse of the Department. Cousin Betty. APrince of Bohemia. A Man of Business. The Middle Classes. TheUnconscious Humorists. ]

LUIGIA, young and beautiful Roman girl of the suburbs, wife ofBenedetto, who claimed the right of selling her. She tried to killherself at the same time she killed him, but did not succeed. Charlesde Sallenauve--Dorlange--protected her, taking care of her when shebecame a widow, and made her his housekeeper in 1839. Luigia soon lefther benefactor, the voice of slander having accused them in theirmutually innocent relations. [The Member for Arcis. ]

LUPEAULX (Clement Chardin des), officer and politician, born about1785; left in good circumstances by his father; who was ennobled byLouis XV. , his coat-of-arms showing "a ferocious wolf of sable bearinga lamb in its jaws, " with this motto: "En lupus in historia. " A shrewdand ambitious man, ready for all enterprises, even the mostcompromising, Clement des Lupeaulx knew how to make himself of serviceto Louis XVIII. In several delicate undertakings. Many influentialmembers of the aristocracy placed in his hands their difficultbusiness and their lawsuits. He served thus as mediator between theDuc de Navarreins and Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye, and attained akind of mightiness that Annette seemed to fear would be disastrous toCharles Grandet. He accumulated duties and ranks, was master ofpetitions in the Council of State, secretary-general to the ministerof finance, colonel in the National Guard, government commissioner ina joint-stock company; also provided with an inspectorship in theking's house, he became Chevalier de Saint-Louis and officer of theLegion of Honor. An open follower of Voltaire, but an attendant atmass, at all times a Bertrand in pursuit of a Raton, egotistic andvain, a glutton and a libertine, this man of intellect, sought afterin all social circles, a kind of minister's "household drudge, " openlylived, until 1825, a life of pleasure and anxiety, striving forpolitical success and love conquests. As mistresses he is known tohave had Esther van Gobseck, Flavie Colleville; perhaps, even, theMarquise d'Espard. He was seen at the Opera ball in the winter of1824, at which Lucien de Rubempre reappeared. The close of this yearbrought about considerable change in the Secretary-General's affairs. Crippled by debt, and in the power of Gobseck, Bidault and Mitral, hewas forced to give up one of the treasury departments to IsidoreBaudoyer, despite his personal liking for Rabourdin. He gained as aresult of this stroke a coronet and a deputyship. He had ambitions fora peerage, the title of gentleman of the king's chamber, a membershipin the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres, and the commander'scross. [The Muse of the Department. Eugenie Grandet. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The GovernmentClerks. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Ursule Mirouet. ]

LUPEAULX (Des), nephew of the preceding, and, thanks to him, appointedsub-prefect of Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, in 1821, in the departmentpresided over successively by Martial de la Roche-Hugon and Casteran. As Gaubertin's prospective son-in-law, M. Des Lupeaulx, espousing thecause of his fiancee's family, was instrumental in disgustingMontcornet, owner of Aigues, with his property. [The Peasantry. ]

LUPIN, born in 1778, son of the last steward of the Soulanges inBourgogne; in time he became manager of the domain, notary and deputymayor of the city of Soulanges. Although married and a man of family, M. Lupin, still in excellent physical condition, was, in 1823, abrilliant figure in Madame Soudry's reception-room, where he was knownfor his tenor voice and his extreme gallantries--the lattercharacteristic being proved by two liaisons carried on with twomiddle-class women, Madame Sarcus, wife of Sarcus the Rich, andEuphemie Plissoud. [The Peasantry. ]

LUPIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, called "Bebelle;" only daughterof a salt-merchant enriched by the Revolution; had a platonicaffection for the chief clerk, Bonnac. Madame Lupin was fat, awkward, of very ordinary appearance, and weak intellectually. On account ofthese characteristics Lupin and the Soudry adherents neglected her. [The Peasantry. ]

LUPIN (Amaury), only son of the preceding couple, perhaps the lover ofAdeline Sarcus, who became Madame Adolphe Sibilet; was on the point ofmarrying one of Gaubertin's daughters, the same one, doubtless, thatwas wooed and won by M. Des Lupeaulx. In the midst of this liaison andof these matrimonial designs, Amaury Lupin was sent to Paris in 1822by his father to study the notary's profession with Maitre Crottat, where he had for a companion another clerk, Georges Marest, with whomhe committed some indiscretions and went into debt. Amaury went withhis friend to the Lion d'Argent, rue d'Enghien in the Saint-Denissection, when Marest took Pierrotin's carriage to Isle-Adam. On theway they met Oscar Husson, and made fun of him. The following yearAmaury Lupin returned to Soulanges in Bourgogne. [The Peasantry. AStart in Life. ]

 M

MACHILLOT (Madame), kept in Paris, in 1838, in the Notre Dame-desChamps neighborhood, a modest restaurant, which was patronized byGodefroid on account of its nearness to Bourlac's house. [The SeamySide of History. ]

MACUMER (Felipe Henarez, Baron de), Spanish descendant of the Moors, about whom much information has been furnished by Talleyrand; had aright to names and titles as follows: Henarez, Duc de Soria, Baron deMacumer. He never used all of them; for his entire youth was asuccession of sacrifices, misfortunes and undue trials. Macumer, aleading Spanish revolutionist of 1823, saw fortune turn against him. Ferdinand VII. , once more enthroned, recognized him as constitutionalminister, but never forgave him for his assumption of power. Seeinghis property confiscated and himself banished, he took refuge inParis, where he took poor lodgings on rue Hillerin-Bertin and began toteach Spanish for a living, notwithstanding he was Baron de Sardaignewith large estates and a place at Sassari. Macumer also suffered manyheart-aches. He vainly loved a woman who was beloved by his ownbrother. His brother's passion being reciprocated, Macumer sacrificedhimself for their happiness. Under the simple name of Henarez, Macumerwas the instructor of Armande-Marie-Louise de Chaulieu, whom he didnot woo in vain. He married her, March, 1825. At various times thebaron occupied or owned Chantepleurs, a chateau Nivernais, a house onrue du Bac, and La Crampade, Louis de l'Estorate's residence inProvence. The foolish, annoying jealousy of Madame de Macumerembittered his life and was responsible for his physical break-down. Idolized by his wife, in spite of his marked plainness, he died in1829. [Letters of Two brides. ]

MACUMER (Baronne de). (See Gaston, Madame Marie. )

MADELEINE, first name of Madeleine Vinet, by which she was calledwhile employed as a domestic. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. CousinPons. ]

MADOU (Angelique), woman of the masses, fat but spry; althoughignorant, very shrewd in her business of selling dried fruit. Atthe beginning of the Restoration she lived in Paris on ruePerrin-Gasselin, where she fell prey to the usurer Bidault--Gigonnet. Angelique Madou at first dealt harshly with Cesar Birotteau, when hewas unable to pay his debts; but she congratulated him, later on, when, as a result of his revived fortunes, the perfumer settled everyobligation. Angelique Madon had a little godchild, in whom sheoccasionally showed much interest. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

MAGNAN (Prosper), of Beauvais, son of a widow, chief-surgeon'sassistant; executed in 1799 at Andernach on the banks of the Rhine, being the innocent victim of circumstantial evidence, which condemnedhim for the double crime of robbery and murder--this crime having, inreality, been committed by his comrade, Jean-Frederic-Taillefer, whoescaped punishment. [The Red Inn. ]

MAGNAN (Madame), mother of the preceding, lived at Beauvais, where shedied a short time after her son's death, and previous to the arrivalof Hermann, who was bearing her a letter from Prosper. [The Red Inn. ]

MAGUS (Elie), Flemish Jew, Dutch-Belgian descent, born in 1770. Helived now at Bordeaux, now at Paris; was a merchant of costlyarticles, such as pictures, diamonds and curiosities. By his influenceMadame Luigi Porta, born Ginevra di Piombo, obtained from aprint-seller a position as colorist. Madame Evangelista engaged himto estimate the value of her jewels. He bought a copy of Rubens fromJoseph Bridau and some Flemish subjects from Pierre Grassou, sellingthem later to Vervelli as genuine Rembrandts or Teniers; he arrangedfor the marriage of the artist with the cork-maker's daughter. Verywealthy, and having retired from business in 1835, he left his houseon the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle to occupy an old dwelling on Chausseedes Minimes, now called rue de Bearn. He took with him his treasures, his daughter, Noemi, and Abramko as a guard for his property. EliMagus was still living in 1845, when he had just acquired, in asomewhat dishonorable manner, a number of superb paintings fromSylvain Pons' collection. [The Vendetta. A Marriage Settlement. ABachelor's Establishment. Pierre Grassou. Cousin Pons. ]

MAHOUDEAU (Madame), in 1840, in company with Madame Cardinal, herfriend, created a disturbance during one of Bobino's performances at asmall theatre near the Luxembourg, where Olympe Cardinal was playing. While playing the "jeune premiere" she was recognized by her mother. [The Middle Classes. ]

MAHUCHET (Madame), women's shoemaker, "a very foul-mouthed woman, " inthe language of Madame Nourrisson; mother of seven children. Afterhaving dunned a countess, to no avail, for a hundred francs that wasdue her, she conceived the idea of carrying off the silverware, ondisplay at a grand dinner to be given by her debtor one evening, as apledge. She promptly returned, however, the silver she had taken, uponfinding that it was white metal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

MALAGA, surname of Marguerite Turquet. 

MALASSIS (Jeanne), from the country, a servant of Pingret, who was anavaricious and wealthy old peasant of the suburbs of Limoges. Mortallyinjured while hastening to the assistance of her master, who wasrobbed and murdered, she was the second victim of J. -F. Tascheron. [The Country Parson. ]

MALFATTI, Venetian doctor; in 1820 called into consultation with oneof his fellow-physicians in France, concerning the sickness of the DucCataneo. [Massimilla Doni. ]

MALIN. (See Gondreville. )

MALLET, policeman in the department of Orne in 1809. Ordered to findand arrest Madame Bryond des Minieres, he let her escape, by means ofan agreement with his comrade, Ratel, who was to have aided in hercapture. Having been imprisoned for this deed, Mallet was declared byBourlac deserving of capital punishment, and was put to death the sameyear. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MALVAUT (Jenny). (See Derville, Madame. )

MANCINI (De), Italian, fair, effeminate, madly beloved by La Marana, who had by him a daughter, Juana-Pepita-Maria de Mancini, later MadameDiard. [The Maranas. ]

MANCINI (Juana-Pepita-Maria de). (See Diard, Madame. )

MANERVILLE (De), born in 1731; Norman gentleman to whom the governorof Guyenne, Richelieu, married one of the wealthiest Bordeauxheiresses. He purchased a commission as major of the Gardes de laPorte, in the latter part of Louis XV. 's reign; had by his wife a son, Paul, who was reared with austerity; emigrated, at the outbreak of theRevolution, to Martinique, but managed to save his property, Lanstrac, etc. , thanks to Maitre Mathias, head-clerk of the notary. He became awidower in 1810, three years before his death. [A MarriageSettlement. ]

MANERVILLE (Paul Francois-Joseph, Comte de), son of the preceding, born in 1794, received his education in the college at Vendome, finishing his work there in 1810, the year of his mother's death. Hepassed three years at Bordeaux with his father, who had becomeoverbearing and avaricious; when left an orphan, he inherited a largefortune, including Lanstrac in Gironde, and a house in Paris, rue dela Pepiniere. He spent six years in Europe as a diplomat, passing hisvacations in Paris, where he was intimate with Henri de Marsay, andwas a lover of Paquita Valdes. There he was subject to the trifling ofMadame Charles de Vandenesse, then Emilie de Fontaine; also, perhaps, met Lucien de Rubempre. In the winter of 1821 he returned to Bordeaux, where he was a social leader. Paul de Manerville received theappropriate nick-name of "le fleur des pois. " Despite the good adviceof his two devoted friends, Maitre Mathias and Marsay, he asked, through the instrumentality of his great-aunt, Madame de Maulincour, for the hand of Natalie Evangelista in marriage, and obtained it. After being wedded five years, he was divorced from his wife andsailed for Calcutta under the name of Camille, one of his mother'sgiven names. [The Thirteen. The Ball at Sceaux. Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. A Marriage Settlement. ]

MANERVILLE (Comtesse Paul de), wife of the preceding, bornMademoiselle Natalie Evangelista, non-lineal descendant of the Duke ofAlva, related also to the Claes. Having been spoiled as a child, andbeing of a sharp, domineering nature, she robbed her husband withoutimpoverishing him. She was a leader at Paris as well as at Bordeaux. As the mistress of Felix de Vandenesse she disliked his dedication toa story, for in it he praised Madame de Mortsauf. Later, in companywith Lady Dudley and Mesdames d'Espard, Charles de Vandernesse and deListomere, she attempted to compromise the Comtesse Felix deVandenesse, recently married, with Raoul Nathan. [A MarriageSettlement. The Lily of the Valley. A Daughter of Eve. ]

MANETTE, under the Restoration at Clochegourde in Touraine, theComtesse de Mortsauf's housekeeper, taking her mother's place in thecare of her young master and mistress, Jacques and Madeleine deMortsauf. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

MANON. (See Godard, Manon. )

MANON-LA-BLONDE, during the last years of the Restoration a Parisprostitute, who fell violently in love with Theodore Calvi, became areceiver of stolen goods, brought to her by the companion of JacquesCollin, who committed murder also, at the time of the robbery; shethus became the indirect or involuntary cause of the Corsican'sarrest. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

MANSEAU (Pere), tavern-keeper at Echelles, a town in Savoie, gave aidto La Fosseuse, in her poverty, and sheltered this unfortunate womanin a barn. La Fosseuse became the protegee of Doctor Benassis. [TheCountry Doctor. ]

MARANA (La), the last of a long series of prostitutes bearing the samename; natural descendant of the Herouvilles. She was known to have hadmore than one distinguished lover: Mancini, the Duc de Lina, and aking of Naples. She was notorious in Venice, Milan and Naples. She hadby Mancini one child, whom he acknowledged, Juana-Pepita-Maria, andhad her reared in good morals by the Lagounias, who were underobligations to her. Upon going to seek her daughter in Tarragone, Spain, she surprised the girl in company with Montefiore, but scornedto take vengeance upon him. She accepted as husband of the young girlM. Diard, who had asked for her hand. In 1823, when she was dying inthe hospital at Bordeaux, Marana once more saw her daughter, stillvirtuous, although unhappy. [The Hated Son. The Maranas. ]

MARCAS (Zephirin), born about 1803 in a Bretagne family at Vitre. Inafter life he supported his parents who were in poor circumstances. Hereceived a free education in a seminary, but had no inclination forthe priesthood. Carrying hardly any money he went to Paris, in 1823 or1824, and after studying with a lawyer became his chief clerk. Laterhe studied men and objects in five capitals: London, Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg and Constantinople. For five years he was a journalist, and reported the proceedings of the "Chambres. " He often visited R. Dela Palferine. With women he proved to be of the passionate-timid kind. With the head of a lion, and a strong voice, he was equal as an oratorto Berryer, and the superior of M. Thiers. For a long time he suppliedthe political ability needed by a deputy who had become a minister, but, convinced of his disloyalty, he overthrew him, only to restorehim for a short time. He once more entered into polemical controversy;saw the newspapers which had sparkled with his forceful, high-mindedcriticism die; and lived miserably upon a daily allowance of thirtysous, earned by copying for the Palais. Marcas lived at that time, 1836, in the garret of a furnished house on rue Corneille. Histhankless debtor, become minister again, sought him anew. Had it notbeen for the hearty attention of his young neighbors, Rabourdin andJuste, who furnished him with some necessary clothing, and aided himat Humann's expense, Marcas would not have taken advantage of the newopportunity that was offered him. His new position lasted but a shorttime. The third fall of the government hastened that of Marcas. Lodgedonce more on rue Corneille he was taken with a nervous fever. Thesickness increased and finally carried away this unrecognized genius. Z. Marcas was buried in a common grave in Montparnasse cemetery, January, 1838. [A Prince of Bohemia. Z. Marcas. ]

MARCHAND (Victor), son of a Parisian grocer, infantry-major during thecampaign of 1808, a lover of Clara Leganes, to whom he was underobligation; tried, without success, to marry this girl of the Spanishnobility, who preferred to suffer the most horrible of deaths, decapitation by the hand of her own brother. [El Verdugo. ]

MARCHE-A-TERRE. (See Leroi, Pierre. )

MARCILLAC (Madame de). Thanks to some acquaintances of the old regime, whom she had kept, and to her relationship with the Rastignacs, withwhom she lived quietly, she found the means of introducing to Clairede Beauseant, Chevalier de Rastignac, her well-beloved grand-nephew--about 1819. [Father Goriot. ]

MARCOSINI (Count Andrea), born in 1807 at Milan; although anaristocrat he took temporary refuge in Paris as a liberal; a wealthyand handsome poet; took his period of exile in 1834 in good spirits. He was received on terms of friendship by Mesdames d'Espard and Paulde Manerville. On the rue Froidmanteau he was constantly in pursuit ofMarianina Gambara; at the Italian Giardini's "table-d'hote" hediscussed musical topics and spoke of "Robert le Diable. " For fiveyears he kept Paolo Gambara's wife as his mistress; then he gave herup to marry an Italian dancer. [Gambara. ]

MARECHAL, under the Restoration an attorney at Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, Montcornet's legal adviser, helped by his recommendation tohave Sibilet appointed steward of Aigues in 1817. [The Peasantry. ]

MARESCHAL, supervisor in the college of Vendome in 1811, when LouisLambert became a student in this educational institution. [LouisLambert. ]

MAREST (Frederic), born about 1802, son of a rich lumber-merchant'swidow, cousin of Georges Marest; attorney's clerk in Paris, November, 1825; lover of Florentine Cabirolle, who was maintained by Cardot;made the acquaintance at Maitre Desroches' of Oscar Husson, and tookhim to a fete given by Mademoiselle Cabirolle on rue de Vendome, wherehis friend foolishly compromised himself. [A Start in Life. ] FredericMarest, in 1838, having become an examining magistrate in the publicprosecutor's office in Paris, had to examine Auguste de Mergi, who wascharged with having committed robbery to the detriment of DoctorHalpersohn. [The Seamy Side of History. ] The following year, whileacting as king's solicitor at Arcis-sur-Aube, Frederic Marest, stillunmarried and very corpulent, became acquainted with Martener's sons, Goulard, Michu and Vinet, and visited the Beauvisage and Mallotfamilies. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MAREST (Georges), cousin of the preceding, son of the senior member ofa large Parisian hardware establishment on rue Saint-Martin. Hebecame, in 1822, the second clerk of a Parisian notary, Maitre A. Crottat. He had then as a comrade in study and in pleasure AmauryLupin. At this time Marest's vanity made itself absurdly apparent inPierrotin's coach, which did service in the valley of Oise; he hoaxedHusson, amused Bridau and Lora, and vexed the Comte de Serizy. Threeyears later Georges Marest had become the chief clerk of LeopoldHannequin. He lost by debauchery a fortune amounting to thirtythousand francs a year, and died a plain insurance-broker. [ThePeasantry. A Start in Life. ]

MARGARITIS, of Italian origin, took up his residence in Vouvray in1831, an old man of deranged mind, most eccentric of speech, and whopretended to be a vine-grower. He was induced by Vernier to hoax thefamous traveler, Gaudissart, during a business trip of the latter. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

MARGARITIS (Madame), wife of the insane Margaritis. She kept him nearher for the sake of economy, and made amends to the deceivedGaudissart. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

MARGUERON, wealthy citizen of Beaumont-sur-Oise, under Louis XVIII. , wished his son to be tax-collector of the district in which he himselfowned the farm lying next to the property of Serizy at Presles, andwhich he had leased to Leger. [A Start in Life. ]

MARIANNE, during the Restoration, servant of Sophie Gamard at Tours. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

MARIANNE, served with Gaucher in Michu's house, October, 1803, in thedistrict of Arcis-sur-Aube, at Cinq-Cygne. She served her master withdiscretion and fidelity. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

MARIAST, owned No. 22 rue da la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, andlet it to Messieurs of d'Espard during nearly the whole period of theRestoration. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

MARIE DES ANGES (Mere), born in 1762, Jacques Bricheteau's aunt, superior of the Ursuline convent at Arcis-sur-Aube, saved from theguillotine by Danton, had the fifth of April of each year observedwith a mass in her nephew's behalf, and, under Louis Philippe, protected the descendant of a celebrated Revolutionist, Charles deSallenauve; her influence gave him the position of deputy of thedistrict. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MARIETTE. (See Godeschal, Marie. )

MARIETTE, born in 1798; from 1817 in the service of the Wattevilles ofBesancon; was under Louis Philippe, despite her extreme homeliness, and on account of the money she had saved, courted by Jerome, aservant of Albert Savarus. Mademoiselle de Watteville, who was in lovewith the lawyer, used Mariette and Jerome to her own advantage. [Albert Savarus. ]

MARIETTE, in 1816, cook in the employ of Mademoiselle Cormon, ofAlencon; sometimes received advice from M. Du Ronceret; an ordinarykitchen-maid in the same household, when her mistress became Madame duBousquier. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

MARIETTE, was in the employ of La Fosseuse, towards the end of theRestoration, in the village over which Benassis was mayor. [TheCountry Doctor. ]

MARIGNY (Duchesse de), much sought after in the Saint-Germain section;related to the Navarreins and the Grandlieus; a woman of experienceand good at giving advice; real head of her house; died in 1819. [TheThirteen. ]

MARIGNY[*] (De), son of the preceding, harebrained, but attractive, had an attachment for Madame Keller, a middle-class lady of theChaussee-d'Antin. [The Thirteen. ]

[*] During the last century the Marignys owned, before the Verneuils, Rosembray, an estate where a great hunt brought together, 1829, Cadignan, Chaulieu, Canalis, Mignon, etc. 

MARIN, in 1839, at Cinq-Cygne, in the district of Arcis-sur-Aube, first valet of Georges de Maufrigneuse and protector of Anicette. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

MARION of Arcis, grandson of a steward in the employ of Simeuse;brother-in-law of Madame Marion, born Giguet. He had the confidence ofMalin, acquired for him the Gondreville property, and became a lawyerin Aube, then president of an Imperial court. [The GondrevilleMystery. The Member for Arcis. ]

MARION, brother of the preceding and brother-in-law of Colonel Giguet, whose sister became his wife. Through Malin's influence, he becameco-receiver-general of Aube, with Sibuelle as his colleague. [TheGondreville Mystery. The Member for Arcis. ]

MARION (Madame), wife of the preceding, Colonel Giguet's sister. Shewas on intimate terms with Malin de Gondreville. After her husband'sdeath she returned to her native country, Arcis, where her parlor wasfrequented by many guests. Under Louis Philippe, Madame Marion exertedher powers in behalf of Simon Giguet, the Colonel's son. [The Memberfor Arcis. ]

MARION. (See Kolb, Madame. )

MARIOTTE, of Auxerre, a rival of the wealthy Gaubertin in contractingfor the forest lands of that portion of Bourgogne in which Aigues, thelarge estate of Montcornet, was situated. [The Peasantry. ]

MARIOTTE (Madame), of Auxerre, mother of the preceding, in 1823, hadMademoiselle Courtecuisse in her service. [The Peasantry. ]

MARIUS, the cognomen, become hereditary, of a native of Toulouse, whoestablished himself as a Parisian hair-dresser and was thus nick-namedby the Chevalier de Parny, one of his patrons, in the early part ofthe nineteenth century. He handed down this name of Marius as a kindof permanent property to his successors. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

MARMUS (Madame), wife of a savant, who was an officer in the Legion ofHonor and a member of the Institute. They lived together on rueDuguay-Trouin in Paris, and were (in 1840) on intimate terms withZelie Minard. [The Middle Classes. ]

MARMUS, husband of the preceding and noted for his absent-mindedness. [The Middle Classes. ]

MARNEFFE (Jean-Paul-Stanislas), born in 1794, employed in the WarDepartment. In 1833, while a mere clerk living on twelve hundredfrancs a year, he married Mademoiselle Valerie Fortin. Having becomeas unprincipled as a convict, under the patronage of Baron Hulot, hiswife's paramour, he left rue du Doyenne to install himself in luxuryin the Saint-Germain section, and later became head-clerk, assistantchief, and chief of the bureau, chevalier, then officer of the Legionof Honor. Jean-Paul-Stanislas Marneffe, decayed physically as well asmorally, died in May, 1842. [Cousin Betty. ]

MARNEFFE[*] (Madame). (See Crevel, Madame Celestin. )

[*] In 1849, at Paris, Clairville produced upon the stage of the Gymnase-Dramatique, the episodes in the life of Madame Marneffe, somewhat modified, under the double title, "Madame Marneffe, or the Prodigal Father" (a vaudeville drama in five acts). 

MARNEFFE (Stanislas), legal son of the preceding couple, suffered fromscrofula, much neglected by his parents. [Cousin Betty. ]

MAROLLES (Abbe de), an old priest, who lived towards the close of theeighteenth century. Having escaped in September, 1792, from themassacre of the Carmelite convent, now a small chapel on rue deVaugirard, he concealed himself in the upper Saint-Martin district, near the German Highway. He had under his protection, at this time, two nuns, who were in as great danger as he, Sister Marthe and SisterAgathe. On January 22, 1793, and on January 21, 1794, the Abbe deMarolles, in their presence, said masses for the repose of LouisXVI. 's soul, having been asked to do so by the executioner of the"martyr-king, " whose presence at mass the Abbe knew nothing of untilJanuary 25, 1794, when he was so informed at the corner of rue desFrondeurs by Citizen Ragou. [An Episode under the Terror. ]

MARONIS (Abbe de), a priest of great genius, who would have beenanother Borgia, had he worn the tiara. He was Henri de Marsay'steacher, and made of him a complete skeptic, in a period when thechurches were closed. The Abbe de Maronis died a bishop in 1812. [TheThirteen. ]

MARRON, under the Restoration, a physician at Marsac, Charente; nephewof the Cure Marron. He married his daughter to Postel, a pharmacist ofAugouleme. He was intimate with the family of David Sechard. [LostIllusions. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

MARSAY (De), immoral old gentleman. To oblige Lord Dudley he marriedone of the former's mistresses and recognized their son as his own. For this favor he received a hundred thousand francs per year forlife, money which he soon threw away in evil company. He confided thechild to his old sister, Mademoiselle de Marsay, and died, as he hadlived, away from his wife. [The Thirteen. ]

MARSAY (Madame de). (See Vordac, Marquise de. )

MARSAY (Mademoiselle de), sister-in-law of the preceding, took care ofher son, Henri, and treated him so well that she was greatly mournedby him when she died advanced in years. [The Thirteen. ]

MARSAY (Henri de), born between 1792 and 1796, son of Lord Dudley andthe celebrated Marquise de Vordac, who was first united in marriage tothe elder De Marsay. This gentleman adopted the boy, thus becoming, according to law, his father. The young Henri was reared byMademoiselle de Marsay and the Abbe de Maronis. He was on intimateterms, in 1815, with Paul de Manerville, and was already one of theall powerful Thirteen, with Bourignard, Montriveau and Ronquerolles. At that time he found on rue Saint-Lazare a girl from Lesbosen, Paquita Valdes, whom he wished to make his mistress. He met at thesame time his own natural sister, Madame de San-Real, of whom hebecame the rival for Paquita's love. At first Marsay had been thelover of the Duchesse Charlotte, then of Arabelle Dudley, whosechildren were his very image. He was also known to be intimate withDelphine de Nucingen up to 1819, then with Diane de Cadignan. In hisposition as member of the Thirteen Henri was in Montriveau's partywhen Antoinette de Langeais was stolen from the Carmelites. He boughtCoralie for sixty thousand francs. He passed the whole of his timeduring the Restoration in the company of young men and women. He wasthe companion and counselor of Victurnien d'Esgrignon, Savinien dePortenduere and above all of Paul de Manerville, whose course hevainly tried to direct after an ill-appointed marriage, and to whom heannounced, as soon as possible, his own union. Marsay aided Lucien deRubempre and served for him, with Rastignac, as second in a duel withMichel Chrestien. The Chaulieu and Fontaine women feared or admiredHenri de Marsay--a man who was slighted by M. De Canalis, the muchtoasted poet. The Revolution of July, 1830, made Marsay a man of nolittle importance. He, however, was content to tell over his old loveaffairs gravely in the home of Felicite des Touches. As prime ministerfrom 1832 to 1833, he was an habitue of the Princesse de Cadignan'sLegitimist salon, where he served as a screen for the last Vendeaninsurrection. There, indeed, Marsay brought to light the secrets, already old, of Malin's kidnapping. Marsay died in 1834, a physicalwreck, having but a short time before, when Nathan was courting Mariede Vandenesse, taken part in the intrigue, although he was disgustedwith the author. [The Thirteen. The Unconscious Humorists. AnotherStudy of Woman. The Lily of the Valley. Father Goriot. Jealousies of aCountry Town. Ursule Mirouet. A Marriage Settlement. Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. Letters of Two Brides. The Ball atSceaux. Modeste Mignon. The Secrets of a Princess. The GondrevilleMystery. A Daughter of Eve. ]

MARTAINVILLE (Alphonse-Louis-Dieudonne), publicist and dramaticwriter, born at Cadiz, in 1776, of French parents, died August 27, 1830. He was an extreme Royalist and, as such, in 1821 and 1822, threwaway his advice and support on Lucien de Rubempre, then a convert toLiberalism. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

MARTENER, well-educated old man who lived in Provins under theRestoration. He explained to the archaeologist, Desfondrilles, whoconsulted him, the reason why Europe, disdaining the waters ofProvins, sought Spa, where the waters were less efficacious, accordingto French medical advice. [Pierrette. ]

MARTENER, son of the preceding; physician at Provins in 1827, capableman, simple and gentle. He married Madame Guenee's second daughter. When consulted one day by Mademoiselle Habert, he spoke against themarriage of virgins at forty, and thus filled Sylvie Rogron withdespair. He protected and cared for Pierrette Lorrain, the victim ofthis same old maid. [Pierrette. ]

MARTENER (Madame), wife of the preceding, second daughter of MadameGuenee, and sister of Madame Auffray. Having taken pity on PierretteLorrain in her sickness, she gave to her, in 1828, the pleasures ofmusic, playing the compositions of Weber, Beethoven or Herold. [Pierrette. ]

MARTENER, son of the preceding couple, protege of Vinet the elder, honest and thick-headed. He was, in 1839, examining magistrate atArcis-sur-Aube and caucused, during the election season in the springof this same year, with the officers, Michu, Goulard, O. Vinet andMarest. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MARTHA was for a long time the faithful chambermaid of JosephineClaes; she died in old age between 1828 and 1830. [The Quest for theAbsolute. ]

MARTHE (Sister), a Gray sister of Auvergne; from 1809 to 1816instructed Veronique Sauviat--Madame Graslin--in reading, writing, sacred history, the Old and the New Testaments, the Catechism, theelements of arithmetic. [The Country Parson. ]

MARTHE (Sister), born Beauseant, in 1730, a nun in the Abbey ofChelles, fled with Sister Agathe (nee Langeais) and the Abbe deMarolles to a poor lodging in the upper Saint-Martin district. OnJanuary 22, 1793, she went to a pastry-cook near Saint Laurent to getthe wafers necessary for a mass for the repose of Louis XVI. 's soul. At this ceremony she was present, as was also the man who had executedthe King. The following year, January 21, 1794, this same ceremony wasrepeated exactly. She passed these two years of the Terror underMucius Scoevola's protection. [An Episode under the Terror. ]

MARTHE (Sister), in the convent of the Carmelites at Blois, knew twoyoung women, Mesdames de l'Estorade and Gaston. [Letters of TwoBrides. ]

MARTIN, a woman of a Dauphine village, of which Doctor Benassis wasmayor, kept the hospital children for three francs and a bar of soapeach month. She was, possibly, the first person in the country seen byGenestas-Bluteau, and also the first to impart knowledge to him. [TheCountry Doctor. ]

MARTINEAU, name of two brothers employed by M. De Mortsauf inconnection with his farms in Touraine. The elder was at first afarm-hand, then a steward; the younger, a warden. [The Lily of theValley. ]

MARTINEAU, son of one of the two Martineau brothers. [The Lily of theValley. ]

MARTY (Jean-Baptiste), actor of melodrama, employe or manager of theGaite, before and after the Paris fire of 1836; born in 1779, celebrated during the Restoration; in 1819 and 1820 he played in"Mont-Sauvage, " a play warmly applauded by Madame Vauquer. This womanwas accompanied to the theatre on the Boulevard du Crime, by her rueNueve-Sainte-Genevieve lodger, Jacques Collin, called also Vautrin, onthe evening before his arrest. [Father Goriot. ] Marty died, at anadvanced age, in 1868, a chevalier in the Legion of Honor, afterhaving been for many years mayor of Charenton. 

MARVILLE (De). (See Camusot. )

MARY, an Englishwoman in the family of Louis de l'Estorade during theRestoration and under Louis Philippe. [Letters of Two Brides. TheMember for Arcis. ]

MASSIN-LEVRAULT, junior, son of a poor locksmith of Montargis, grand-nephew of Doctor Denis Minoret, as a result of his marriage witha Levrault-Minoret; father of three girls, Pamela, Aline, and MadameGoupil. He bought the office of clerk to the justice of peace inNemours, January, 1815, and lived at first with his family in the goodgraces of Doctor Minoret, through whom his sister became postmistressat Nemours. Massin-Levrault, junior, was one of the indirectpersecutors of Ursule de Portenduere. He became a minicipal councilorafter July, 1830, began to lend money to the laboring people atexorbitant rates of interest, and finally developed into a confirmedusurer. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

MASSIN-LEVRAULT (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Levrault-Minoretin 1793, grand-niece of Doctor Denis Minoret on the maternal side; herfather was a victim of the campaign in France. She strove in every waypossible to win the affections of her wealthy uncle, and was one ofUrsule de Portenduere's persecutors. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

MASSOL, native of Carcassonne, licentiate in law and editor of the"Gazette des Tribunaux" in May, 1830. Without knowing theirrelationship he brought together Jacqueline and Jacques Collin, aboarder at the Concierge, and, acting under Granville's orders, in hisjournal attributed Lucien de Rubembre's suicidal death to the ruptureof a tumor. A Republican, through the lack of the particle _de_ beforehis name, and very ambitious, he was, in 1834, the associate of RaoulNathan in the publication of a large journal, and sought to make atool of the poet-founder of this paper. In company with Stidmann, Steinbock and Claude Vignon, Massol was a witness of the secondmarriage of Valerie Marneffe. In 1845, having become a councilor ofstate and president of a section, he supported Jenny Cadine. He wasthen charged with the administrative lawsuit of S. -P. Gozonal. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. The Magic Skin. A Daughter of Eve. CousinBetty. The Unconscious Humorists. ]

MASSON, friend of Maitre Desroches, an attorney, to whom, upon thelatter's advice, Lucien de Rubempre hastened, when Coralie's furniturewas attached, in 1821. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

MASSON (Publicola), born in 1795, the best known chiropodist in Paris, a radical Republican of the Marat type, even resembled the latterphysically; counted Leon de Lora among his customers. [The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

MATHIAS, born in 1753. He started as third clerk to a Bordeaux notary, Chesneau, whom he succeeded. He married, but lost his wife in 1826. Hehad one son on the bench, and a married daughter. He was a goodexample of the old-fashioned country magistrate, and gave out hisenlightened opinions to two generations of Manervilles. [A MarriageSettlement. ]

MATHILDE (La Grande), on terms of friendship with Jenny Courand inParis, under the reign of Louis Philippe. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

MATHURINE, a cook, spiritual and upright, first in the employ of theBishop of Nancy, but later given a place on rue Vaneau, Paris, withValerie Marneffe, by Lisbeth, a relative of the former on her mother'sside. [Cousin Betty. ]

MATIFAT, a wealthy druggist on rue des Lombards, Paris, at thebeginning of the nineteenth century; kept the "Reine des Roses, " whichlater was handled by Ragon and Birotteau; typical member of the middleclasses, narrow in views and pleased with himself, vulgar in languageand, perhaps, in action. He married and had a daughter, whom he took, with his wife, to the celebrated ball tendered by Cesar Birotteau onrue Saint-Honore, Sunday, December 17, 1818. As a friend of theCollevilles, Thuilliers and Saillards, Matifat obtained for theminvitations from Cesar Birotteau. In 1821 he supported on rue de Bondyan actress, who was shortly transferred from the Panorama to theGymnase-Dramatique. Although called Florine, her true name was SophieGrignault, and she became subsequently Madame Nathan. J. -J. Bixiou andMadame Desroches visited Matifat frequently during the year 1826, sometimes on rue du Cherche-Midi, sometimes in the suburbs of Paris. Having become a widower, Matifat remarried under Louis Philippe, andretired from business. He was a silent partner in the theatre directedby Gaudissart. [Cesar Birotteau. A Bachelor's Establishment. LostIllusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The Firm of Nucingen. Cousin Pons. ]

MATIFAT (Madame), first wife of the preceding, a woman who wore aturban and gaudy colors. She shone, under the Restoration, inbourgeois circles and died probably during the reign of LouisPhilippe. [Cesar Birotteau. The Firm of Nucingen. ]

MATIFAT (Mademoiselle), daughter of the preceding couple, attended theBirotteau ball, was sought in marriage by Adolphe Cochin and MaitreDesroches; married General Baron Gouraud, a poor man much her elder, bringing to him a dowry of fifty thousand crowns and expectations ofan estate on rue du Cherche-Midi and a house at Luzarches. [CesarBirotteau. The Firm of Nucingen. Pierrette. ]

MAUCOMBE (Comte de), of a Provencal family already celebrated underKing Rene. During the Revolution he "clothed himself in the humblegarments of a provincial proof-reader, " in the printing office ofJerome-Nicolas Sechard at Angouleme. He had a number of children:Renee, who became Madame de l'Estorade; Jean, and Marianina, a naturaldaughter, claimed by Lanty. He was a deputy by the close of 1826, sitting between the Centre and the Right. [Lost Illusions. Letters ofTwo Brides. ]

MAUCOMBE (Jean de), son of the preceding, gave up his portion of thefamily inheritance to his older sister, Madame de l'Estorade, bornRenee de Maucombe. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Duc de), born in 1778, son of the Prince de Cadignan, who died an octogenarian towards the close of the Restoration, leavingthen as eldest of the house the Prince de Cadignan. The prince was inlove with Madame d'Uxelles, but married her daughter, Diane, in 1814, and afterwards lived unhappily with her. He supported Marie Godeschal;was a cavalry colonel during the reigns of Louis XVIII. And CharlesX. ; had under his command Philippe Bridau, the Vicomte de Serizy, Oscar Husson. He was on intimate terms with Messieurs de Grandlieu andd'Espard. [The Secrets of a Princess. A Start in Life. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, born Dianed'Uxelles in 1796, married in 1815. She was in turn the mistress ofMarsay, Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, Victurnien d'Esgrignon, Maxime deTrailles, Eugene de Rastignac, Armand de Montriveau, Marquis deRonquerolles, Prince Galathionne, the Duc de Rhetore, a Grandlieu, Lucien de Rubempre, and Daniel d'Arthez. She lived at various times inthe following places: Anzy, near Sancerre; Paris, on rue Saint-Honorein the suburbs and on rue Miromesnil; Cinq-Cygne in Champagne; Genevaand the borders of Leman. She inspired a foolish platonic affection inMichel Chrestien, and kept at a distance the Duc d'Herouville, whocourted her towards the end of the Restoration by sarcasm andbrilliant repartee. Her first and last love affairs were especiallywell known. For her the Marquis Miguel d'Ajudo-Pinto gave up Berthe deRochefide, his wife, avenging thus a former mistress, Claire deBeauseant. Her liaison with Victurnien d'Esgrignon became the moststormy of romances. Madame de Maufrigneuse, disguised as a man andpossessed of a passport, bearing the name of Felix de Vandenesse, succeeded in rescuing from the Court of Assizes the young man who hadcompromised himself in yielding to the foolish extravagance of hismistress. The duchesse received even her tradesmen in an angelic way, and became their prey. She scattered fortunes to the four winds, andher indiscretions led to the sale of Anzy in a manner advantageous toPolydore Milaud de la Baudraye. Some years later she made a vainattempt to rescue Lucien de Rubempre, against whom a criminal chargewas pending. The Restoration and the Kingdom of 1830 gave to her lifea different lustre. Having fallen heir to the worldly sceptre ofMesdames de Langeais and de Beauseant, both of whom she knew socially, she became intimate with the Marquise d'Espard, a lady with whom in1822 she disputed the right to rule the "fragile kingdom of fashion. "She visited frequently the Chaulieus, whom she met at a famous huntnear Havre. In July, 1830, reduced to poor circumstances, abandoned byher husband, who had then become the Prince de Cadignan, and assistedby her relatives, Mesdames d'Uxelles and de Navarreins, Diane operatedas it were a kind of retreat, occupied herself with her son Georges, and strengthening herself by the memory of Chrestien, also byconstantly visiting Madame d'Espard, she succeeded, without completelyforegoing society, in making captive the celebrated deputy of theRight, a man of wealth and maturity, Daniel Arthez himself. In her ownhome and in that of Felicite des Touches she heard, between 1832 and1835, anecdotes of Marsay. The Princess de Cadignan had portraits ofher numerous lovers. She had also one of the _Madame_ whom she hadattended, and upon meeting him, showed it to Marsay, minister of LouisPhilippe. She owned also a picture of Charles X. Which was thusinscribed, "Given by the King. " After the marriage of her son to aCinq-Cygne, she visited often at the estate of that name, and wasthere in 1839, during the regular election. [The Secrets of aPrincess. Modeste Mignon. Jealousies of a Country town. The Muse ofthe Department. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Letters of Two Brides. Another Study of Woman. The Gondreville Mystery. The Member forArcis. ]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Georges de), son of the preceding, born in 1814, hadsuccessively in his service Toby and Marin, took the title of duketowards the close of the Restoration, was in the last Vendeanuprising. Through his mother's instrumentality, who paved the way forthe match in 1833, he married Mademoiselle Berthe de Cinq-Cygne in1838, and became heir to the estate of the same name the followingyear during the regular election. [The Secrets of a Princess. TheGondreville Mystery. Beatrix. The Member for Arcis. ]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Berthe de), wife of the preceding, daughter of Adrienand Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, married in 1838, although she had beenvery nearly engaged in 1833; she lived with all her family on theirproperty at Aube during the spring of 1839. [Beatrix. The GondrevilleMystery. The Member for Arcis. ]

MAUGREDIE, celebrated Pyrrhonic physician, being called intoconsultation, he gave his judgment on the very serious case of Raphaelde Valentin. [The Magic Skin. ]

MAULINCOUR[*] (Baronne de), born Rieux, an eighteenth century womanwho "did not lose her head" during the Revolution; intimate friend ofthe Vidame de Pamiers. At the beginning of the Restoration she spenthalf of her time in the suburbs of Saint-Germain, where she managed toeducate her grandson, Auguste Carbonnon de Maulincour, and theremainder on her estates at Bordeaux, where she demanded the hand ofNatalie Evangelista in marriage for her grand-nephew, Paul deManerville. Of the family of this girl she had an unfavorable, butjust opinion. The Baronne de Maulincour died a short time before hergrandson of the chagrin which she felt on account of this young man'sunhappy experiences. [A Marriage Settlement. The Thirteen. ]

[*] Some Maulincourts had, during the last century, a place of residence on Chausee de Minimes, in the Marais, of which Elie Magus subsequently became proprietor. 

MAULINCOUR (Auguste Carbonnon de), born in 1797, grandson of thepreceding, by whom he was reared; moulded by the Vidame de Pamiers, whom he left but rarely; lived on the rue de Bourbon in Paris; had ashort existence, under Louis XVIII. , which was full of brilliance andmisfortune. Having embraced a military career he was decorated, becoming major in a cavalry regiment of the Royal Guard, andafterwards lieutenant-colonel of a company of body-guards. He vainlycourted Madame de Langeais, fell in love with Clemence Desmarets, followed her, compromised her, and persecuted her. By hisindiscretions he drew upon himself the violent enmity of GratienBourignard, father of Madame Desmarets. In this exciting struggleMaulincour, having neglected the warnings that many self-imposedaccidents had brought upon him, also a duel with the Marquis deRonquerolles, was fatally poisoned and soon after followed the oldbaroness, his grandmother, to Pere-Lachaise. [The Thirteen. ]

MAUNY (Baron de), was killed during the Restoration, or after 1830, inthe suburbs of Versailles, by Victor (the Parisian), who struck himwith a hatchet. The murderer finally took refuge at Aiglemont in thefamily of his future mistress, Helene. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

MAUPIN (Camille). (See Touches, Felicite des. )

MAURICE, valet, employed by the Comte and Comtess de Restaud, duringthe Restoration. His master believed his servant to be faithful to hisinterests, but the valet, on the contrary, was true to those of thewife who opposed her husband in everything. [Father Goriot. Gobseck. ]

MEDAL (Robert), celebrated and talented actor, who was on the Parisianstage in the last years of Louis Philippe, at the time when SylvainPons directed the orchestra in Gaudissart's theatre. [Cousin Pons. ]

MELIN, inn-keeper or "cabaretier" in the west of France, furnishedlodging in 1809 to the Royalists who were afterwards condemned byMergi, and himself received five years of confinement. [The Seamy Sideof History. ]

MELMOTH (John), an Irishman of pronounced English characteristics, aSatanical character, who made a strange agreement with RodolpheCastanier, Nucingen's faithless cashier, whereby they were to make areciprocal exchange of personalities; in 1821, he died in the odor ofholiness, on rue Ferou, Paris. [Melmoth Reconciled. ]

MEMMI (Emilio). (See Varese, Prince de. )

MENE-A-BIEN, cognomen of Coupiau. 

MERGI (De), magistrate during the Empire and the Restoration, whoseactivity was rewarded by both governments, inasmuch as he alwaysstruck the members of the party out of power. In 1809 the court overwhich he presided was charged with the cases of the "Chauffeurs ofMortagne. " Mergi showed great hatred in his dealings with Madame de laChanterie. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MERGI (De), son of the preceding, married Vanda de Bourlac. [The SeamySide of History. ]

MERGI (Baronne Vanda de), born Bourlac, of Polish origin on hermother's side, belonged to the family of Tarlowski, married the son ofMergi, the celebrated magistrate, and having survived him, wascondemned to poverty and sickness; was aided in Paris by Godefroid, amessenger from Madame de la Chanterie, and attended by her father andDoctors Bianchon, Desplein, Haudry and Moise Halpersohn, the last ofwhom finally saved her. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MERGI (Auguste de), during the last half of Louis Philippe's reign wasin turn a collegian, university student and humble clerk in the Palaisat Paris; looked after the needs of his mother, Vanda de Mergi, withsincerest devotion. For her sake he stole four thousand francs fromMoise Halpersohn, but remained unpunished, thanks to one of theBrothers of Consolation, who boarded with Madame de la Chanterie. [TheSeamy Side of History. ]

MERKSTUS, banker at Douai, under the Restoration had a bill ofexchange for ten thousand francs signed by Balthazar Claes, and, in1819, presented it to the latter for collection. [The Quest of theAbsolute. ]

MERLE, captain in the Seventy-second demi-brigade; jolly and careless. Killed at La Vivetiere in December, 1799, by Pille-Miche (Cibot). [TheChouans. ]

MERLIN, of Douai, belonged to the convention, of which he was, for twoyears, one of the five directors; attorney-general in the court ofappeal; in September, 1805, rejected the appeal of the Simeuses, ofthe Hauteserres, and of Michu, men who had been condemned forkidnapping Senator Malin. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

MERLIN (Hector), came to Paris from Limoges, expecting to become ajournalist; a Royalist; during the two years in which Lucien deRubempre made his literary and political beginning, Merlin wasespecially noted. At that time he was Suzanne du Val-Noble's lover, and a polemical writer for a paper of the Right-Centre; he alsobrought honor to Andoche Finot's little gazette by his contributions. As a journalist he was dangerous, and could, if necessary, fill thechair of the editor-in-chief. In March, 1822, with Theodore Gaillard, he established the "Reveil, " another kind of "Drapeau Blanc. " Merlinhad an unattractive face, lighted by two pale-blue eyes, which werefearfully sharp; his voice had in it something of the mewing of a cat, something of the hyena's asthmatic gasping. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ]

MERLIN DE LA BLOTTIERE (Mademoiselle), of a noble family of Tours(1826); Francois Birotteau's friend. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

MERRET (De), gentleman of Picardie, proprietor of the Grande Breteche, near Vendome, under the Empire; had the room walled up, where he knewthe Spaniard Bagos de Feredia, lover of his wife, was in hiding. Hedied in 1816 at Paris as a result of excesses. [La Grande Breteche. ]

MERRET (Madame Josephine de), wife of the preceding, mistress of Bagosde Feredia, whom she saw perish almost under her eyes, after she hadrefused to give him up to her husband. She died in the same year asMerret, at La Grande Breteche, as a result of the excitement she hadundergone. The story of Madame de Merret was the subject of avaudeville production given at the Gymnase-Dramatique under the titleof "Valentine. " [La Grande Breteche. ]

METIVIER, paper merchant on rue Serpente in Paris, under theRestoration; correspondent of David Sechard, friend of Gobseck and ofBidault, accompanying them frequently to the cafe Themis, between rueDauphine and the Quai des Augustins. Having two daughters, and anincome of a hundred thousand francs, he withdrew from business. [LostIllusions. The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes. ]

METIVIER, nephew and successor of the preceding, one of whosedaughters he married. He was interested in the book business, inconnection with Morand and Barbet; took advantage of Bourlac in 1838;lived on rue Saint-Dominique d'Enfer, in the Thuillier house in 1840;engaged in usurious transactions with Jeanne-Marie-Brigitte, Cerizet, Dutocq, discounters of various kinds and titles. [The Seamy Side ofHistory. The Middle Classes. ]

MEYNARDIE (Madame), at Paris, under the Restoration, in allprobability, had an establishment or shop in which Ida Gruget wasemployed; undoubtedly controlled a house of ill-fame, in which Esthervan Gobseck was a boarder. [The Thirteen. Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

MEYRAUX, medical doctor; a scholarly young Parisian, with whom LouisLambert associated, November, 1819. Until his death in 1832 Meyrauxwas a member of the rue des Quatre-Vents Cenacle, over which Danield'Arthez presided. [Louis Lambert. A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

MICHAUD (Justin), an old chief quartermaster to the cuirassiers of theImperial Guard, chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He married one ofthe Montcornet maids, Olympe Charel, and became, under theRestoration, head warden of the Montcornet estates at Blangy inBourgogne. Unknown to himself he was secretly beloved by GenevieveNiseron. His military frankness and loyal devotion succumbed before anintrigue formed against him by Sibilet, steward of Aigues, and by theRigous, Soudrys, Gaubertins, Fourchons and Tonsards. On account of thecomplicity of Courtecuisse and Vaudoyer the bullet fired by FrancoisTonsard, in 1823, overcame the vigilance of Michaud. [The Peasantry. ]

MICHAUD (Madame Justin), born Olympe Charel, a virtuous and prettyfarmer's daughter of Le Perche; wife of the preceding; chambermaid ofMadame de Montcornet--born Troisville--before her marriage andinduction to Aigues in Bourgogne. Her marriage to Justin Michaud wasthe outcome of mutual love. She had in her employ Cornevin, Julietteand Gounod; sheltered Genevieve Niseron, whose strange disposition sheseemed to understand. For her husband, who was thoroughly hated in theCanton of Blangy, she often trembled, and on the same night thatMichaud was murdered she died from over-anxiety, soon after givingbirth to a child which did not survive her. [The Peasantry. ]

MICHEL, writer at Socquard's cafe and coffee-house keeper at Soulangesin 1823. He also looked after his patron's vineyard and garden. [ThePeasantry. ]

MICHONNEAU (Christine-Michelle). (See Poiret, the elder, Madame. )

MICHU, during the progress of and after the French Revolution heplayed a part directly contrary to his regular political affiliations. His lowly birth, his harsh appearance, and his marriage with thedaughter of a Troyes tanner of advanced opinion, all helped to makehis pronounced Republicanism seem in keeping, although beneath it hehid his Royalist faith and an active devotion to the Simeuses, theHauteserres and the Cinq-Cygnes. Michu controlled the Gondrevilleestate between 1789 and 1804, after it was snatched from its rightfulowners, and under the Terror he presided over the Jacobin club atArcis. As a result of the assassination of the Duc d'Enghien March 21, 1804, he lost his position at Gondreville. Michu then lived not farfrom there, near Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, to whom he made known hissecret conduct, and, as a result, became overseer of all the estateattached to the castle. Having publicly shown his opposition to Malin, he was thought guilty of being leader in a plot to kidnap the newSeigneur de Gondreville, and was consequently condemned to death, asentence which was executed, despite his innocence, October, 1806. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

MICHU (Marthe), wife of the preceding, daughter of a Troyes tanner, "the village apostle of the Revolution, " who, as a follower ofBaboeuf, a believer in racial and social equality, was put to death. Ablonde with blue eyes, and of perfect build, in accordance with herfather's desire, despite her modest innocence, posed before a publicassembly as the Goddess of Liberty. Marthe Michu adored her husband, by whom she had a son, Francois, but being ignorant for a long time ofhis secret, she lived in a manner separated from him, under hermother's wing. When she did learn of her husband's Royalist actions, and that he was devoted to the Cinq-Cygnes, she assisted him, butfalling into a skilfuly contrived plot, she innocently brought abouther husband's execution. A forged letter having attracted her toMalin's hiding-place, Madame Michu furnished all the necessaryevidence to make the charge of kidnapping seem plausible. She also wascast into prison and was awaiting trial when death claimed her, November, 1806. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

MICHU (Francois), son of the preceding couple, born in 1793. In 1803, while in the service of the house of Cinq-Cygne, he ferreted out thepolice-system that Giguet represented. The tragic death of his parents(a picture of one of them hung on the wall at Cinq-Cygne) caused hisadoption in some way or other by the Marquise Laurence, whose effortsafterwards paved the way for his career as a lawyer from 1817 to 1819, an occupation which he left, only to become a magistrate. In 1824 hewas associate judge of the Alencon court. Then he was appointedattorney of the king and received the cross of the Legion of Honor, after the suit against Victurnien d'Esgrignon by M. Du Bosquier andthe Liberals. Three years later he performed similar duties at theArcis court, over which he presided in 1839. Already wealthy, andreceiving an income of twelve thousand francs granted him in 1814 byMadame de Cinq-Cygne, Francois Michu married a native of Champagne, Mademoiselle Girel, a Troyes heiress. In Arcis he attended only thesocial affairs given by the Cinq-Cygnes, then become allies of theCadignans, and in fact never visited any others. [The GondrevilleMystery. Jealousies of a Country Town. The Member for Arcis. ]

MICHU (Madame Francois), wife of the preceding, born Girel. Like herhusband, she rather looked with scorn upon Arcis society, in 1839, anddeparted little from the circle made up of government officers'families and the Cinq-Cygnes. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Member forArcis. ]

MIGEON, in 1836, porter in the rue des Martyrs house in which EtienneLousteau lived for three years; he was commissioned for nine hundredfrancs by Mme. De la Baudraye, who then lived with the writer, tocarry her jewelry to the pawn-broker. [The Muse of the Department. ]

MIGEON (Pamela), daughter of the preceding, born in 1823; in 1837, theintelligent little waiting-maid of Madame de la Baudraye, when thebaronne lived with Lousteau. [The Muse of the Department. ]

MIGNON DE LA BASTIE (Charles), born in 1773 in the district of Var, "last member of the family to which Paris is indebted for the streetand the house built by Cardinal Mignon"; went to war under theRepublic; was closely associated with Anne Dumay. At the beginning ofthe Empire, as the result of mutual affection, his marriage withBettina Wallenrod only daughter of a Frankfort banker took place. Shortly before the return of the Bourbons, he was appointedlieutenant-colonel, and became commander of the Legion of Honor. Underthe Restoration Charles Mignon de la Bastie lived at Havre with hiswife, and acquired forthwith, by means of banking, a large fortune, which he shortly lost. After absenting himself from the country, hereturned, during the last year of Charles X. 's reign, from the Orient, having become a multi-millionaire. Of his four children, he lostthree, two having died in early childhood, while Bettina Caroline, thethird, died in 1827, after being misled and finally deserted by M. D'Estourny. Marie-Modeste was the only child remaining, and she wasconfided during her father's journeys to the care of the Dumays, whowere under obligations to the Mignons; she married Ernest de laBastie-La Briere (also called La Briere-la Bastie). The brilliantcareer of Charles Mignon was the means of his reassuming the title, Comte de la Bastie. [Modeste Mignon. ]

MIGNON (Madame Charles), wife of the preceding, born BettinaWallenrod-Tustall-Bartenstild, indulged daughter of a banker inFrankfort-on-the-Main. She became blind soon after her elder daughter, Bettina-Caroline's troubles and early death, and had a presentiment ofthe romance connected with her younger daughter, Marie-Modeste, whobecame Madame Ernest de la Bastie-La Briere. Towards the close of theRestoration, Madame Charles Mignon, as the result of an operation byDesplein, recovered her sight and was a witness of Marie-Modeste'shappiness. [Modeste Mignon. ]

MIGNON (Bettina-Caroline), elder daughter of the preceding couple;born in 1805, the very image of her father; a typical Southern girl;was favored by her mother over her younger sister, Marie-Modeste, akind of "Gretchen, " who was similar in appearance to Madame Mignon. Bettina-Caroline was seduced, taken away and finally deserted by a"gentleman of fortune, " named D'Estourny, and shortly sank at Havreunder the load of her sins and suffering, surrounded by nearly all ofher family. Since 1827 there has been inscribed on her tomb in thelittle Ingouville cemetery the following inscription: "BettinaCaroline Mignon, died when twenty-two years of age. Pray for her!"[Modeste Mignon. ]

MIGNON (Marie-Modeste). (See La Bastie-La Briere, Madame Ernest de. )

MIGNONNET, born in 1782, graduate of the military schools, was anartillery captain in the Imperial Guard, but resigned under theRestoration and lived at Issoudun. Short and thin, but of dignifiedbearing; much occupied with science; friend of the cavalry officerCarpentier, with whom he joined the citizens against Maxence Gilet. Gilet's military partisans, Commandant Potel and Captain Renard, livedin the Faubourg of Rome, Belleville of the corporation of Berry. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

MILAUD, handsome representative of the self-enriched plebeian branchof Milauds; relative of Jean-Athanase-Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye, in whose marriage he put no confidence, and from whom he expected toreceive an inheritance. Under the favor of Marchangy, he undertook thecareer of a public prosecutor. Under Louis XVIII. He was a deputy atAngouleme, a position to which he was succeeded by maitre Petit-Claud. Milaud eventually performed the same duties at Nevers, which wasprobably his native country. [Lost Illusions. The Muse of theDepartment. ]

MILAUD DE LA BAUDRAYE. (See La Baudraye. )

MILLET, Parisian grocer, on rue Chanoinesse, in 1836 attended to therenting of a small unfurnished room in Madame de la Chanterie's house;gave Godefroid information, after having submitted him to a rigidexamination. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MINARD (Louis), refractory "chauffeur, " connected with the Royalistinsurrection in western France, 1809, was tried at the bar of justice, where Bourlac and Mergi presided; he was executed the same year thathe was condemned to death. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MINARD (Auguste-Jean-Francois), as clerk to the minister of financeshe received a salary of fifteen hundred francs. In the floristestablishment of a fellow-workman's sister, Mademoiselle Godard, ofrue Richelieu, he met a clerk, Zelie Lorain, the daughter of a porter. He fell in love with her, married her, and had by her two children, Julien and Prudence. He lived near the Courcelles gate, and as aneconomical worker of retiring disposition he was made the butt ofJ. -J. Bixiou's jests in the Treasury Department. Necessity gave himfortitude and originality. After giving up his position in December, 1824, Minard opened a trade in adulterated teas and chocolates, andsubsequently became a distiller. In 1835 he was the richest merchantin the vicinity, having an establishment on the Place Maubert and oneof the best houses on the rue des Macons-Sorbonne. In 1840 Minardbecame mayor of the eleventh district, where he lived, judge of thetribunal of commerce, and officer of the Legion of Honor. Hefrequently met his former colleagues of the period of the Restoration:Colleville, Thuillier, Dutocq, Fleury, Phellion, Xavier Rabourdin, Saillard, Isidore Baudoyer and Godard. [The Government Clerks. TheFirm of Nucingen. The Middle Classes. ]

MINARD (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Zelie Lorain, daughter ofa porter. On account of her cold and prudent disposition, she did notpersist long in her trial at the Conservatory, but became a florist'sgirl in Mademoiselle Godard's establishment on rue Richelieu. Afterher marriage to Francois Minard she gave birth to two children, and, with the help of Madame Lorain, her mother, reared them comfortablynear the Courcelles gate. Under Louis Philippe, having become rich, and living in that part of the Saint-Germain suburbs which lies nextto Saint-Jacques, she showed, as did her husband, the silly pride ofthe enriched mediocrity. [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes. ]

MINARD (Julien), son of the preceding couple, attorney; at firstconsidered "the family genius. " In 1840 he committed someindiscretions with Olympe Cardinal, creator of "Love's Telegraphy, "played at Mourier's small theatre[*] on the Boulevard. His dissipationended in a separation brought about by Julien's parents, whocontributed to the support of the actress, then become Madame Cerizet. [The Middle Classes. ]

[*] This theatre was built in 1831 on the Boulevard du Temple, where the first Ambigu had been situated; it was afterwards moved to No. 40, rue de Bondy, December 30, 1862. 

MINARD (Prudence), sister of the preceding, was sought in marriage byFelix Gaudissart towards the end of Louis Philippe's reign. [TheMiddle Classes. Cousin Pons. ]

MINETTE, [*] vaudeville actress on rue de Chartres, during theRestoration, died during the first part of the Second Empire, lawfulwife of a director of the Gaz; was well known for her brilliancy, andwas responsible for the saying that "Time is a great faster, " quotedsometimes before Lucien de Rubempre in 1821-22. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ]

[*] Minette married M. Marguerite; she lived in Paris during the last years of her life in the large house at the corner of rue Saint-Georges and rue Provence. 

MINORETS (The), representatives of the well-known "company of armycontractors, " in which Mademoiselle Sophie Laguerre's steward, whopreceded Gaubertin at Aigues, in Bourgogne, acquired a one-thirdshare, after giving up his stewardship. [The Peasantry. ] The relativesof Madame Flavie Colleville, daughter of a ballet-dancer, who wassupported by Galathionne and, perhaps, by the contractor, DuBourguier, were connected with the Minorets, probably the armycontractor Minorets. [The Government Clerks. ]

MINORET (Doctor Denis), born in Nemours in 1746, had the supportof Dupont, deputy to the States-General in 1789, who was hisfellow-citizen; he was intimate with the Abbe Morellet, also thepupil of Rouelle the chemist, and an ardent admirer of Diderot'sfriend, Bordeu, by means of whom, or his friends, he gained a largepractice. Denis Minoret invented the Lelievre balm, became anacquaintance and protector of Robespierre, married the daughter ofthe celebrated harpsichordist, Valentin Mirouet, died suddenly, soonafter the execution of Madame Roland. The Empire, like the formergovernments, recompensed Minoret's ability, and he became consultingphysician to His Imperial and Royal Majesty, in 1805, chief hospitalphysician, officer of the Legion of Honor, chevalier of Saint-Michel, and member of the Institute. Upon withdrawing to Nemours, January, 1815, he lived there in company with his ward, Ursule Mirouet, daughter of hisbrother-in-law, Joseph Mirouet, later Madame Savinien de Portenduere, a girl whom he had taken care of since she had become an orphan. Asshe was the living image of the late Madame Denis Minoret, he lovedher so devotedly that his lawful heirs, Minoret-Levrault, Massin, Cremiere, fearing that they would lose a large inheritance, mistreatedthe adopted child. Doctor Minoret, at the time when he was worriedover their plotting, saw Bouvard, a fellow-Parisian with whom he hadformerly associated, and through his influence interested himselfgreatly in the subject of magnetism. In 1835, surrounded by some ofhis nearest relatives, Minoret died at an advanced age, having beenconverted from the philosophy of Voltaire through the influence ofUrsule, whom he remembered substantially in his will. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

MINORET-LEVRAULT (Francois), son of the oldest brother of thepreceding, and his nearest heir, born in 1769, strong but uncouth andilliterate, had charge of the post-horses and was keeper of the besttavern in Nemours, as a result of his marriage with ZelieLevrault-Cremiere, an only daughter. After the Revolution of 1830 hebecame deputy-mayor. As principle heir to Doctor Minoret's estate hewas the bitterest persecutor of Ursule Mirouet, and made away with thewill which favored the young girl. Later, being compelled to restoreher property, overcome by remorse, and sorrowing for his son, who wasthe victim of a runaway, and for his insane wife, FrancoisMinoret-Levrault became the faithful keeper of the property of Ursule, who had then become Madame Savinien de Portenduere. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

MINORET-LEVRAULT (Madame Francois), wife of the preceding, born ZelieLevrault-Cremiere, physically feeble, sour of countenance and action, harsh, greedy, as illiterate as her husband, brought him as dower halfof her maiden name (a local tradition) and a first-class tavern. Shewas, in reality, the manager of the Nemours post-house. She worshipedher son Desire, whose tragic death was sufficient punishment for heravaricious persecutions of Ursule de Portenduere. She died insane inDoctor Blanche's sanitarium in the village of Passy[*] in 1841. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

[*] Since 1860 a suburb of Paris. 

MINORET (Desire), son of the preceding couple, born in 1805. Obtaineda half scholarship in the Louis-le-Grand lyceum in Paris, through theinstrumentality of Fontanes, an acquaintance of Dr. Minoret; finallystudied law. Under Goupil's leadership he became somewhat dissipatedas a young man, and loved in turn Esther van Gobseck and SophieGrignault--Florine--who, after declining his offer of marriage, becameMadame Nathan. Desire Minoret was not actively associated with hisfamily in the persecution of Ursule de Portenduere. The Revolution of1830 was advantageous to him. He took part during the three gloriousdays of fighting, received the decoration, and was selected to bedeputy attorney to the king at Fontainebleau. He died as a result ofthe injuries received in a runaway, October, 1836. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

MIRAH (Josepha), born in 1814. Natural daughter of a wealthy Jewishbanker, abandoned in Germany, although she bore as a sign of heridentity an anagram of her Jewish name, Hiram. When fifteen years oldand a working girl in Paris, she was found out and misled by CelestineCrevel, whom she left eventually for Hector Hulot, a more liberal man. The munificence of the commissary of stores exalted her socially, andgave her the opportunity of training her voice. Her vocal attainmentsestablished her as a prima donna, first at the Italiens, then on ruele Peletier. After Hector Hulot became a bankrupt, she abandoned himand his house on rue Chauchat, near the Royal Academy, where, atdifferent times, had lived Tullia, Comtesse du Bruel and HeloiseBrisetout. The Duc d'Herouville became Mademoiselle Mirah's lover. This affair led to an elegant reception on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque towhich all Paris received invitation. Josepha had at all times manyfollowers. One of the Kellers and the Marquis d'Esgrignon made foolsof themselves over her. Eugene de Rastignac, at that time minister, invited her to his home, and insisted upon her singing the celebratedcavatina from "La Muette. " Irregular in her habits, whimisical, covetous, intelligent, and at times good-natured, Josepha Mirah gavesome proof of generosity when she helped the unfortunate Hector Hulot, for whom she went so far as to get Olympe Grenouville. She finallytold Madame Adeline Hulot of the baron's hiding-place on the Passagedu Soleil in the Petite-Pologne section. [Cousin Betty. ]

MIRAULT, name of one branch of the Bargeton family, merchants inBordeaux during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [LostIllusions. ]

MIRBEL (Madame de), well-known miniature-painter from 1796 to 1849;made successively the portrait of Louise de Chaulieu, given by thisyoung woman to the Baron de Macumer, her future husband; of Lucien deRubempre for Esther Gobseck; of Charles X. For the Princess ofCadignan, who hung it on the wall of her little salon on rueMiromesnil, after the Revolution of 1830. This last picture bore theinscription, "Given by the King. " [Letters of Two Brides. Scenes froma Courtesan's Life. The Secrets of a Princess. ]

MIROUET (Ursule). (See Portenduere, Vicomtesse Savinien de. )

MIROUET (Valentin), celebrated harpsichordist and instrument-maker;one of the best known French organists; father-in-law of DoctorMinoret; died in 1785. His business was bought by Erard. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

MIROUET (Joseph), natural son of the preceding and brother-in-law ofDoctor Denis Minoret. He was a good musician and of a Bohemiandisposition. He was a regiment musician during the wars in the latterpart of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. He passed through Germany, and while there married Dinah Grollman, bywhom he had a daughter, Ursule, later the Vicomtesse de Portenduere, who had been left a penniless orphan in her early youth. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

MITANT (La), a very poor woman of Conches in Bourgogne, who wascondemned for having let her cow graze on the Montcornet estate. In1823 the animal was seized by the deputy, Brunet, and his assistants, Vermichel and Fourchon. [The Peasantry. ]

MITOUFLET, old grenadier of the Imperial Guard, husband of a wealthyvineyard proprietress, kept the tavern Soleil d'Or at Vouvray inTouraine. After 1830 Felix Gaudissart lived there and Mitouflet servedas his second in a harmless duel brought on by a practical joke playedon the illustrious traveling salesman, dupe of the insane Margaritis. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

MITOUFLET, usher to the minister of war under Louis Philippe, in thetime of Cottin de Wissembourg, Hulot d'Ervy and Marneffe. [CousinBetty. ]

MITRAL, a bachelor, whose eyes and face were snuff-colored, a bailiffin Paris during the Restoration, also at the same time a money-lender. He numbered among his patrons Molineux and Birotteau. He was invitedto the celebrated ball given in December, 1818, by the perfumer. Beinga maternal uncle of Isidore Baudoyer, connected in a friendly way withBidault--Gigonnet--and Esther-Jean van Gobseck, Mitral, by theirgood-will, obtained his nephew's appointment to the Treasury, December, 1824. He spent his time then in Isle-Adam, the Marais and theSaint-Marceau section, places of residence of his numerous family. Inpossession of a fortune, which undoubtedly would go later to theIsidore Baudoyers, Mitral retired to the Seine-et-Oise division. [Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks. ]

MIZERAI, in 1836 a restaurant-keeper on rue Michel-le-Comte, Paris. Zephirin Marcas took his dinners with him at the rate of nine sous. [Z. Marcas. ]

MODINIER, steward to Monsieur de Watteville; "governor" of Rouxey, thepatrimonial estate of the Wattevilles. [Albert Savarus. ]

MOINOT, in 1815 mail-carrier for the Chaussee-d'Antin; married and thefather of four children; lived in the fifth story at 11, rue desTrois-Freres, now known as rue Taitbout. He innocently exposed theaddress of Paquita Valdes to Laurent, a servant of Marsay, whoartfully tried to obtain it for him. "My name, " said the mail-carrierto the servant, "is written just like _Moineau_ (sparrow)--M-o-i-n-o-t. ""Certainly, " replied Laurent. [The Thirteen. ]

MOISE, Jew, who was formerly a leader of the _rouleurs_ in the South. His wife, La Gonore, was a widow in 1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

MOISE, a Troyes musician, whom Madame Beauvisage thought of employingin 1839 as the instructor of her daughter, Cecile, at Arcis-sur-Aube. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MOLINEUX (Jean-Baptiste), Parisian landlord, miserly and selfish. Mesdames Crochard lived in one of his houses between rue duTourniquet-Saint-Jean and rue la Tixeranderie, in 1815. MesdamesLeseigneur de Rouville and Hippolyte Schinner were also his tenants, at about the same time, on rue de Surene. Jean-Baptiste Molineux livedon Cour-Batave during the first part of Louis XVIII. 's reign. He thenowned the house next to Cesar Birotteau's shop on rue Saint-Honore. Molineux was one of the many guests present at the famous ball ofDecember 17, 1818, and a few months later was the annoying assigneeconnected with the perfumer's failure. [A Second Home. The Purse. Cesar Birotteau. ]

MOLLOT, through the influence of his wife, Sophie, appointed clerk tothe justice of the peace at Arcis-sur-Aube; often visited MadameMarion, and saw at her home Goulard, Beauvisage, Giguet, and Herbelot. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MOLLOT (Madame Sophie), wife of the preceding, a prying, pratingwoman, who disturbed herself greatly over Maxime de Trailles duringthe electoral campaign in the division of Arcis-sur-Aube, April, 1839. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MOLLOT (Earnestine), daughter of the preceding couple, was, in 1839, ayoung girl of marriageable age. [The Member for Arcis. ]

MONGENOD, born in 1764; son of a grand council attorney, who left himan income of five or six thousand. Becoming bankrupt during theRevolution, he became first a clerk with Frederic Alain, under Bordin, the solicitor. He was unsuccessful in several ventures: as ajournalist with the "Sentinelle, " started or built up by him; as amusical composer with the "Peruviens, " an opera-comique given in 1798at the Feydau theatre. [*] His marriage and the family expensesattendant rendered his financial condition more and more embarrassing. Mongenod had lent money to Frederic Alain, so that he might be presentat the opening performance of the "Marriage de Figaro. " He borrowed, in turn, from Alain a sum of money which he was unable to return atthe time agreed. He set out thereupon for America, made a fortune, returned January, 1816, and reimbursed Alain. From this time dates theopening of the celebrated Parisian banking-house of Mongenod & Co. Thefirm-name changed to Mongenod & Son, and then to Mongenod Brothers. In1819 the bankruptcy of the perfumer, Cesar Birotteau, having takenplace, Mongenod became personally interested at the Bourse, [+] in theaffair, negotiating with merchants and discounters. Mongenod died in1827. [The Seamy Side of History. Cesar Birotteau. ]

[*] The Feydau theatre, with its dependencies on the thoroughfare of the same name, existed in Paris until 1826 on the site now taken by the rue de la Bourse. 

[+] The Bourse temporarily occupied a building on rue Feydau, while the present palace was building. 

MONGENOD (Madame Charlotte), wife of the preceding, in the year 1798bore up bravely under her poverty, even selling her hair for twelvefrancs that her family might have bread. Wealthy, and a widow after1827, Madame Mongenod remained the chief adviser and support of thebank, operated in Paris on rue de la Victoire, by her two sons, Frederic and Louis. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MONGENOD (Frederic), eldest of the preceding couple's three children, received from his thankful parents the given name of M. Alain andbecame, after 1827, the head of his father's banking-house on rue dela Victoire. His honesty is shown by the character of his patrons, among whom were the Marquis d'Espard, Charles Mignon de la Bastie, theBaronne de la Chanterie and Godefroid. [The Commission in Lunacy. TheSeamy Side of History. ]

MONGENOD (Louis), younger brother of the preceding, with whom he hadbusiness association on rue de la Victoire, where he was receiving theprudent advice of his mother, Madame Charlotte Mongenod, whenGodefroid visited him in 1836. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

MONGENOD (Mademoiselle), daughter of Frederic and Charlotte Mongenod, born in 1799; she was offered in marriage, January, 1816, to FredericAlain, who would not accept this token of gratitude from the wealthyMongenods. Mademoiselle Mongenod married the Vicomte de Fontaine. [TheSeamy Side of History. ]

MONISTROL, native of Auvergne, a Parisian broker, towards the lastyears of Louis Phillippe's reign, successively on rue de Lappe and thenew Beaumarchais boulevard. He was one of the pioneers in the curiobusiness, along with the Popinots, Ponses, and the Remonencqs. Thiskind of business afterwards developed enormously. [Cousin Pons. ]

MONTAURAN (Marquis Alophonse de), was, in the closing years of theeighteenth century, connected with nearly all of the well-knownRoyalist intrigues in France and elsewhere. He frequently visited, along with Flamet de la Billardiere and the Comte de Fontaine, thehome of Ragon, the perfumer, who was proprietor of the "Reine desRoses, " from which went forth the Royalist correspondence between theWest and Paris. Too young to have been at Versailles, Alphonse deMontauran had not "the courtly manners for which Lauzun, Adhemar, Coigny, and so many others were noted. " His education was incomplete. Towards the autumn of 1799 he especially distinguished himself. Hisattractive appearance, his youth, and a mingled gallantry andauthoritativeness, brought him to the notice of Louis XVIII. , whoappointed him governor of Bretagne, Normandie, Maine and Anjou. Underthe name of Gras, having become commander of the Chouans, inSeptember, the marquis conducted them in an attack against the Blueson the plateau of La Pelerine, which extends between Fougeres, Ille-et-Vilaine, and Ernee, Mayenne. Madame du Gua did not leave himeven then. Alphonse de Montauran sought the hand of Mademoiselled'Uxelles, after leaving this, the last mistress of Charette. Nevertheless, he fell in love with Marie de Verneuil, the spy, whohad entered Bretagne with the express intention of delivering him tothe Blues. He married her in Fougeres, but the Republicans murderedhim and his wife a few hours after their marriage. [Cesar Birotteau. The Chouans. ]

MONTAURAN (Marquise Alphonse de), wife of the preceding; bornMarie-Nathalie de Verneuil at La Chanterie near Alencon, naturaldaughter of Mademoiselle Blanche de Casteran, who was abbess ofNotre-Dame de Seez at the time of her death, and of Victor-Amedee, Duc de Verneuil, who owned her and left her an inheritance, at theexpense of her legitimate brother. A lawsuit between brother andsister resulted. Marie-Nathalie lived then with her guardian, theMarechal Duc de Lenoncourt, and was supposed to be his mistress. After vainly trying to bring him to the point of marriage she wascast off by him. She passed through divers political and social pathsduring the Revolutionary period. After having shone in court circlesshe had Danton for a lover. During the autumn of 1799 Fouche hiredMarie de Verneuil to betray Alphonse de Montauran, but the lovely spyand the chief of the Chouans fell in love with each other. They wereunited in marriage a few hours before their death towards the end ofthat year, 1799, in which Jacobites and Chouans fought on Bretagnesoil. Madame de Montauran was attired in her husband's clothes when aRepublican bullet killed her. [The Chouans. ]

MONTAURAN (Marquis de), younger brother of Alphonse de Montauran, wasin London, in 1799, when he received a letter from Colonel Hulotcontaining Alphonse's last wishes. Montauran complied with them;returned to France, but did not fight against his country. He kept hiswealth through the intervention of Colonel Hulot and finally servedthe Bourbons in the gendarmerie, where he himself became a colonel. When Louis Philippe came to the throne, Montauran believed an absoluteretirement necessary. Under the name of M. Nicolas, he became one ofthe Brothers of Consolation, who met in Madame de la Chanterie's homeon rue Chanoinesse. He saved M. Auguste de Mergi from beingprosecuted. In 1841 Montauran was seen on rue du Montparnasse, wherehe assisted at the funeral of the elder Hulot. [The Chouans. The SeamySide of History. Cousin Betty. ]

MONTBAURON (Marquise de), Raphael de Valentin's aunt, died on thescaffold during the Revolution. [The Magic Skin. ]

MONTCORNET (Marechal, Comte de), Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor, Commander of Saint-Louis, born in 1774, son of a cabinet-maker in theFaubourg Saint-Antoine, "child of Paris, " mingled in almost all of thewars in the latter part of the eighteenth and beginning of thenineteenth centuries. He commanded in Spain and in Pomerania, and wascolonel of cuirassiers in the Imperial Guard. He took the place of hisfriend, Martial de la Roche-Hugon in the affections of Madame deVaudremont. The Comte de Montcornet was in intimate relations withMadame or Mademoiselle Fortin, mother of Valerie Crevel. Towards 1815, Montcornet bought, for about a hundred thousand francs, the Aigues, Sophie Laguerre's old estate, situated between Conches and Blangy, near Soulanges and Ville-aux-Fayes. The Restoration allured him. Hewished to have his origin overlooked, to gain position under the newregime, to efface all memory of the expressive nick-name received fromthe Bourgogne peasantry, who called him the "Upholsterer. " In theearly part of 1819 he married Virginie de Troisville. His property, increased by an income of sixty thousand francs, allowed him to livein state. In winter he occupied his beautiful Parisian mansion on rueNeuve-des-Mathurins, now called rue des Mathurins, and visited manyplaces, especially the homes of Raoul Nathan and of Esther Gobseck. During the summer the count, then mayor of Blangy, lived at Aigues. His unpopularity and the hatred of the Gaubertins, Rigous, Sibilets, Soudrys, Tonsards, and Fourchons rendered his sojourn thereunbearable, and he decided to dispose of the estate. Montcornet, although of violent disposition and weak character, could not avoidbeing a subordinate in his own family. The monarchy of 1830overwhelmed Montcornet, then lieutenant-general unattached, withgifts, and gave a division of the army into his command. The count, now become marshal, was a frequent visitor at the Vaudeville. [*]Montcornet died in 1837. He never acknowledged his daughter, ValerieCrevel, and left her nothing. He is probably buried in Pere-Lachaisecemetery, where a monument was to be raised for him under W. Steinbock's supervision. Marechal de Montcornet's motto was: "Soundthe Charge. " [Domestic Peace. Lost Illusions. A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Peasantry. AMan of Business. Cousin Betty. ]

[*] A Parisian theatre, situated until 1838 on rue de Chartres. Rue de Chartres, which also disappeared, although later, was located between the Palais-Royal square and the Place du Carrousel. 

MONTCORNET (Comtesse de. ) (See Blondet, Madame Emile. )

MONTEFIORE, Italian of the celebrated Milanese family of Montefiore, commissary in the Sixth of the line under the Empire; one of thefinest fellows in the army; marquis, but unable under the laws of thekingdom of Italy to use his title. Thrown by his disposition into the"mould of the Rizzios, " he barely escaped being assassinated in 1808in the city of Tarragone by La Marana, who surprised him in companywith her daughter, Juana-Pepita-Maria de Mancini, afterwards FrancoisDiard's wife. Later, Montefiore himself married a celebratedEnglishwoman. In 1823 he was killed and plundered in a deserted alleyin Bordeaux by Diard, who found him, after being away many years, in agambling-house at a watering-place. [The Maranas. ]

MONTES DE MONTEJANOS (Baron), a rich Brazilian of wild and primitivedisposition; towards 1840, when very young, was one of the firstlovers of Valerie Fortin, who became in turn Madame Marneffe andMadame Celestin Crevel. He saw her again at the Faubourg Saint-Germainand at the Place or Pate des Italiens, and had occasion for beingenvious of Hector Hulot, W. Steinbock and still others. He had revengeon his mistress by communicating to her a mysterious disease fromwhich she died in the same manner as Celestin Crevel. [Cousin Betty. ]

MONTPERSAN (Comte de), nephew of a canon of Saint-Denis, upon whom hecalled frequently; an aspiring rustic, grown sour on account ofdisappointment and deceit; married, and head of a family. At thebeginning of the Restoration he owned the Chateau de Montpersan, eightleagues from Moulins in Allier, where he lived. In 1819 he received acall from a young stranger who came to inform him of the death ofMadame de Montpersan's lover. [The Message. ]

MONTPERSAN (Comtesse Juliette de), wife of the preceding, born about1781, lived at Montpersan with her family, and while there learnedfrom her lover's fellow-traveler of the former's death as a result ofan overturned carriage. The countess rewarded the messenger ofmisfortune in a delicate manner. [The Message. ]

MONTPERSAN (Mademoiselle de), daughter of the preceding couple, wasbut a child when the sorrowful news arrived which caused her mother toleave the table. The child, thinking only of the comical side ofaffairs, remarked upon her father's gluttony, suggesting that thecountess' abrupt departure had allowed him to break the rules of dietimposed by her presence. [The Message. ]

MONTRIVEAU (General Marquis de), father of Armand de Montriveau. Although a knighted chevalier, he continued to hold fast to theexalted manners of Bourgogne, and scorned the opportunities which rankand wealth had offered in his birth. Being an encyclopaedist and "oneof those already mentioned who served the Republic nobly, " Montriveauwas killed at Novi near Joubert's side. [The Thirteen. ]

MONTRIVEAU (Comte de), paternal uncle of Armand de Montriveau. Corpulent, and fond of oysters. Unlike his brother he emigrated, andin his exile met with a cordial reception by the Dulmen branch of theRivaudoults of Arschoot, a family with which he had some relationship. He died at St. Petersburg. [The Thirteen. ]

MONTRIVEAU (General Marquis Armand de), nephew of the preceding andonly son of General de Montriveau. As a penniless orphan he wasentered by Bonaparte in the school of Chalons. He went into theartillery service, and took part in the last campaigns of the Empire, among others that in Russia. At the battle of Waterloo he receivedmany serious wounds, being then a colonel in the Guard. Montriveaupassed the first three years of the Restoration far away from Europe. He wished to explore the upper sections of Egypt and Central Africa. After being made a slave by savages he escaped from their hands by abold ruse and returned to Paris, where he lived on rue de Seine nearthe Chamber of Peers. Despite his poverty and lack of ambition andinfluential friends, he was soon promoted to a general's position. Hisassociation with The Thirteen, a powerful and secret band of men, whocounted among their members Ronquerolles, Marsay and Bourignard, probably brought him this unsolicited favor. This same freemasonryaided Montriveau in his desire to have revenge on Antoinette deLangeais for her delicate flirtation; also later, when still feelingfor her the same passion, he seized her body from the SpanishCarmelites. About the same time the general met, at Madame deBeauseant's, Rastignac, just come to Paris, and told him aboutAnastasie de Restaud. Towards the end of 1821, the general metMesdames d'Espard and de Bargeton, who were spending the evening atthe Opera. Montriveau was the living picture of Kleber, and in a kindof tragic way became a widower by Antoinette de Langeais. Havingbecome celebrated for a long journey fraught with adventures, he wasthe social lion at the time he ran across a companion of his Egyptiantravels, Sixte du Chatelet. Before a select audience of artists andnoblemen, gathered during the first years of the reign of LouisPhilippe at the home of Mademoiselle des Touches, he told how he hadunwittingly been responsible for the vengeance taken by the husband ofa certain Rosina, during the time of the Imperial wars. Montriveau, now admitted to the peerage, was in command of a department. At thistime, having become unfaithful to the memory of Antoinette deLangeais, he became enamored of Madame Rogron, born Bathilde deChargeboeuf, who hoped soon to bring about their marriage. In 1839, incompany with M. De Ronquerolles, he beame second to the Duc deRhetore, elder brother of Louise de Chaulieu, in his duel withDorlange-Sallenauve, brought about because of Marie Gaston. [TheThirteen. Father Goriot. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial atParis. Another Study of Woman. Pierrette. The Member for Arcis. ]

MORAND, formerly a clerk in Barbet's publishing-house, in 1838 becamea partner; along with Metivier tried to take advantage of Baron deBourlac, author of "The Spirit of Modern Law. " [The Seamy Side ofHistory. ]

MOREAU, born in 1772, son of a follower of Danton, procureur-syndic atVersailles during the Revolution; was Madame Clapart's devoted lover, and remained faithful almost all the rest of his life. After a veryadventurous life Moreau, about 1805, became manager of the Preslesestate, situated in the valley of the Oise, which was the property ofthe Comte de Serizy. He married Estelle, maid of Leontine de Serizy, and had by her three children. After serving as manager of the estatefor seventeen years, he gave up his position, when his dishonestdealings with Leger were exposed by Reybert, and retired a wealthyman. A silly deed of his godson, Oscar Husson, was, more than anythingelse, the cause of his dismissal from his position at Presles. Moreauattained a lofty position under Louis Philippe, having grown wealthythrough real-estate, and became the father-in-law ofConstant-Cyr-Melchior de Canalis. At last he became a prominent deputyof the Centre under the name of Moreau of the Oise. [A Start in Life. ]

MOREAU (Madame Estelle), fair-skinned wife of the preceding, born oflowly origin at Saint-Lo, became maid to Leontine de Serizy. Herfortune made, she became overbearing and received Oscar Husson, son ofMadame Clapart by her first husband, with unconcealed coldness. Shebought the flowers for her coiffure from Nattier, and, wearing some ofthem, she was seen, in the autumn of 1822, by Joseph Bridau and Leonde Lora, who had just arrived from Paris to do some decorating in thechateau at Serizy. [A Start in Life. ]

MOREAU (Jacques), eldest of the preceding couple's three children, wasthe agent between his mother and Oscar Husson at Presles. [A Start inLife. ]

MOREAU, the best upholsterer in Alencon, rue de la Porte-de-Seez, nearthe church; in 1816 furnished Madame du Bousquier, then MademoiselleRose Cormon, the articles of furniture made necessary by M. DeTroisville's unlooked-for arrival at her home on his return fromRussia. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

MOREAU, an aged workman at Dauphine, uncle of little Jacques Colas, lived, during the Restoration, in poverty and resignation, with hiswife, in the village near Grenoble--a place which was completelychanged by Doctor Benassis. [The Country Doctor. ]

MOREAU-MALVIN, "a prominent butcher, " died about 1820. His beautifultomb of white marble ornaments rue du Marechal-Lefebvre atPere-Lachaise, near the burial-place of Madame Jules Desmarets andMademoiselle Raucourt of the Comedie-Francaise. [The Thirteen. ]

MORILLON (Pere), a priest, who had charge, for some time under theEmpire, of Gabriel Claes' early education. [The Quest of theAbsolute. ]

MORIN (La), a very poor old woman who reared La Fosseuse, an orphan, in a kindly manner in a market-town near Grenoble, but who gave hersome raps on the fingers with her spoon when the child was too quickin taking soup from the common porringer. La Morin tilled the soillike a man, and murmured frequently at the miserable pallet on whichshe and La Fosseuse slept. [The Country Doctor. ]

MORIN (Jeanne-Marie-Victoire Tarin, veuve), accused of trying toobtain money by forging signatures to promissory-notes, also of theattempted assassination of Sieur Ragoulleau; condemned by the Court ofAssizes at Paris on January 11, 1812, to twenty years hard labor. Theelder Poiret, a man who never thought independently, was a witness forthe defence, and often thought of the trial. The widow Morin, born atPont-sur-Seine, Aube, was a fellow-countrywoman of Poiret, who wasborn at Troyes. [Father Goriot. ] Many extracts have been taken fromthe items published about this criminal case. 

MORISSON, an inventor of purgative pills, which were imitated byDoctor Poulain, physician to Pons and the Cibots, when, as a beginner, he wished to make his fortune rapidly. [Cousin Pons. ]

MORTSAUF (Comte de), head of a Touraine family, which owed to anancestor of Louis XI. 's reign--a man who had escaped the gibbet--itsfortune, coat-of-arms and position. The count was the incarnation ofthe "refugee. " Exiled, either willingly or unwillingly, his banishmentmade him weak of mind and body. He married Blanche-Henriette deLenoncourt, by whom he had two children, Jacques and Madeleine. On theaccession of the Bourbons he was breveted field-marshal, but did notleave Clochegourde, a castle brought to him in his wife's dowry andsituated on the banks of the Indre and the Cher. [The Lily of theValley. ]

MORTSAUF (Comtesse de), [*] wife of the preceding; bornBlanche-Henriette de Lenoncourt, of the "house of Lenoncourt-Givry, fast becoming extinct, " towards the first years of the Restoration;was born after the death of three brothers, and thus had a sorrowfulchildhood and youth; found a good foster-mother in her aunt, aBlamont-Chauvry; and when married found her chief pleasure in the careof her children. This feeling gave her the power to repress the lovewhich she felt for Felix de Vandenesse, but the effort which this hardstruggle caused her brought on a severe stomach disease of which shedied in 1820. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

[*] Beauplan and Barriere presented a play at the Comedie-Francaise, having for a heroine Madame de Mortsauf, June 14, 1853. 

MORTSAUF (Jacques de), elder child of the preceding couple, pupil ofDominis, most delicate member of the family, died prematurely. Withhis death the line of Lenoncourt-Givrys proper passed away, for hewould have been their heir. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

MORTSAUF (Madeleine de), sister of the preceding; after her mother'sdeath she would not receive Felix de Vandenesse, who had been Madamede Mortsauf's lover. She became in time Duchesse de Lenoncourt-Givry(See that name). [The Lily of the Valley. ]

MOUCHE, born in 1811, illegitimate son of one of Fourchon's naturaldaughters and a soldier who died in Russia; was given a home, when anorphan, by his maternal grandfather, whom he aided sometimes asropemaker's apprentice. About 1823, in the district of Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, he profited by the credulity of the strangers whom he wassupposed to teach the art of hunting otter. Mouche's attitude andconversation, as he came in the autumn of 1823 to the Aigues, scandalized the Montcornets and their guests. [The Peasantry. ]

MOUCHON, eldest of three brothers who lived in 1793 in the Bourgognevalley of Avonne or Aigues; managed the estate of Ronquerolles; becamedeputy of his division to the Convention; had a reputation foruprightness; preserved the property and the life of the Ronquerolles;died in the year 1804, leaving two daughters, Mesdames Gendrin andGaubertin. [The Peasantry. ]

MOUCHON, brother of the preceding, had charge of the relay post-houseat Conches, Bourgogne; had a daughter who married the wealthy farmerGuerbet; died in 1817. [The Peasantry. ]

MOUGIN, born about 1805 in Toulouse, fifth of the Parisianhair-dressers who, under the name of Marius, successively owned thesame business. In 1845, a wealthy married man of family, captain inthe Guard and decorated after 1832, an elector and eligible to office, he had established himself on the Place de la Bourse as capillaryartist emeritus, where his praises were sung by Bixiou and Lora tothe wondering Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

MOUILLERON, king's attorney at Issoudun in 1822, cousin to everyperson in the city during the quarrels between the Rouget and Bridaufamilies. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

MURAT (Joachim, Prince). In October, 1800, on the day in whichBartolomeo de Piombo was presented by Lucien Bonaparte, he was, withLannes and Rapp, in the rooms of Bonaparte, the First Consul. Hebecame Grand Duke of Berg in 1806, the time of the well-known quarrelbetween the Simeuses and Malin de Gondreville. Murat came to therescue of Colonel Chabert's cavalry regiment at the battle of Eylau, February 7 and 8, 1807. "Oriental in tastes, " he exhibited, evenbefore acceding to the throne of Naples in 1808, a foolish love ofluxury for a modern soldier. Twenty years later, during a villagecelebration in Dauphine, Benassis and Genestas listened to the storyof Bonaparte, as told by a veteran, then became a laborer, who mingledwith his narrative a number of entertaining stories of the bold Murat. [The Vendetta. The Gondreville Mystery. Colonel Chabert. DomesticPeace. The Country Doctor. ]

MURET gave information about Jean-Joachim Goriot, his predecessor inthe manufacture of "pates alimentaires. " [Father Goriot. ]

MUSSON, well-known hoaxer in the early part of the nineteenth century. The policeman, Peyrade, imitated his craftiness in manner and disguisetwenty years later, while acting as an English nabob keeping SuzanneGaillard. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

 N

NANON, called Nanon the Great from her height (6 ft. 4 in. ); bornabout 1769. First she tended cows on a farm that she was forced toleave after a fire; turned away on every side, because of herappearance, which was repulsive, she became, about 1791, at the age oftwenty-two, a member of Felix Grandet's household at Saumur, where sheremained the rest of her life. She always showed gratitude to hermaster for having taken her in. Brave, devoted and serious-minded, theonly servant of the miser, she received as wages for very hard serviceonly sixty francs a year. However, the accumulations of even so paltryan income allowed her, in 1819, to make a life investment of fourthousand francs with Monsieur Cruchot. Nanon had also an annuity oftwelve hundred francs from Madame de Bonfons, lived near the daughterof her former master, who was dead, and, about 1827, being almostsixty years of age, married Antoine Cornoiller. With her husband, shecontinued her work of devoted service to Eugenie de Bonfons. [EugenieGrandet. ]

NAPOLITAS, in 1830, secretary of Bibi-Lupin, chief of the secretpolice. Prison spy at the Conciergerie, he played the part of a son ina family accused of forgery, in order to observe closely JacquesCollin, who pretended to be Carlos Herrera. [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

NARZICOF (Princess), a Russian; had left to the merchant Fritot, according to his own account, as payment for supplies, the carriage inwhich Mistress Noswell, wrapped in the shawl called Selim, returned tothe Hotel Lawson. [Gaudissart II. ]

NATHAN (Raoul), son of a Jew pawn-broker, who died in bankruptcy ashort while after marrying a Catholic, was for twenty-five years(1820-45) one of the best known writers in Paris. Raoul Nathan touchedupon many branches: the journal, romance, poetry and the stage. In1821, Dauriat published for him an imaginative work which Lucien deRubempre alternately praised and criticized. The harsh criticism wasmeant for the publisher only. Nathan then put on the stage the "Alcadedans l'Embarras"--a comedie called an "imbroglio" and presented at thePanorama-Dramatique. He signed himself simply "Raoul"; he had ascollaborator Cursy--M. Du Bruel. The play was a distinct success. About the same time, he supplanted Lousteau, lover of Florine, one ofhis leading actresses. About this time also Raoul was on terms ofintimacy with Emile Blondet, who wrote him a letter dated from Aigues(Bourgogne) in which he described the Montcornets, and related theirlocal difficulties. Raoul Nathan, a member of all the giddy anddissipated social circles, was with Giroudeau, Finot and Bixiou, awitness of Philip Bridau's wedding to Madame J. -J. Rouget. He visitedFlorentine Cabirolle, when the Marests and Oscar Husson were there, and appeared often on the rue Saint-Georges, at the home of Esther vanGobseck, who was already much visited by Blondet, Bixiou and Lousteau. Raoul, at this time, was much occupied with the press, and made agreat parade of Royalism. The accession of Louis Philippe did notdiminish the extended circle of his relations. The Marquise d'Espardreceived him. It was at her house that he heard evil reports of Dianede Cadignan, greatly to the dissatisfaction of Daniel d'Arthez, alsopresent. Marie de Vandenesse, just married, noticed Nathan, who washandsome by reason of an artistic, uncouth ugliness, and elegantirregularity of features, and Raoul resolved to make the most of thesituation. Although turned Republican, he took very readily to theidea of winning a lady of the aristocracy. The conquest of Madame theComtesse de Vandenesse would have revenged him for the contempt shownhim by Lady Dudley, but, fallen into the hands of usurers, fascinatedwith Florine, living in pitiable style in a passage between the rueBasse-du-Rempart and the rue Neuve-des-Mathurins, and being oftendetained on the rue Feydau, in the offices of a paper he had founded, Raoul failed in his scheme in connection with the countess, whomVandenesse even succeeded in restoring to his own affections, by veryskilful play with Florine. During the first years of Louis Philippe'sreign, Nathan presented a flaming and brilliant drama, the twocollaborators in which were Monsieur and Madame Marie Gaston, whosenames were indicated on the hand-bills by stars only. In his youngerdays he had had a play of his put on at the Odeon, a romantic workafter the style of "Pinto, "[*] at a time when the classic wasdominant, and the stage had been so greatly stirred up for three daysthat the play was prohibited. At another time he presented at theTheatre-Francais a great drama that fell "with all the honors of war, amid the roar of newspaper cannon. " In the winter of 1837-38, Vanda deMergi read a new romance of Nathan's, entitled "La Perle de Dol. " Thememory of his social intrigues still haunted Nathan when he returnedso reluctantly to M. De Clagny, who demanded it of him, a printednote, announcing the birth of Melchior de la Baudraye, as follows:"Madame la Baronne de la Baudraye is happily delivered of a child; M. Etienne Lousteau has the honor of announcing it to you. " Nathan soughtthe society of Madame de la Baudraye, who got from him, in the rue deChartres-du-Roule, at the home of Beatrix de Rochefide, a certainstory, to be arranged as a novel, related more or less after the styleof Sainte-Beuve, concerning the Bohemians and their prince, Rusticolide la Palferine. Raoul cultivated likewise the society of the Marquisede Rochefide, and, one evening of October, 1840, a proscenium box atthe Varietes was the means of bringing together Canalis, Nathan andBeatrix. Received everywhere, perfectly at home in MargueriteTurquet's boudoir, Raoul, as a member of a group composed of Bixiou, La Palferine and Maitre Cardot, heard Maitre Desroches tell howCerizet made use of Antonia Chocardelle, to "get even" with Maxime deTrailles. Nathan afterwards married his misress, Florine, whose maidenname was really Sophie Grignault. [Lost Illusions. A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Secrets of aPrincess. A Daughter of Eve. Letters of Two Brides. The Seamy Side ofHistory. The Muse of the Department. A Prince of Bohemia. A Man ofBusiness, The Unconscious Humorists. ]

[*] A drama by Nepomucene Lemercier; according to Labitte, "the first work of the renovated stage. "

NATHAN, [*] (Madame Raoul), wife of the preceding, born SophieGrignault, in 1805, in Bretagne. She was a perfect beauty, her footalone left something to be desired. When very young she tried thedouble career of pleasure and the stage under the now famous name ofFlorine. The details of her early life are rather obscure: MadameNathan, as supernumerary of the Gaite, had six lovers, before choosingEtienne Lousteau in that relation in 1821. She was at that timeclosely connected with Florentine Cabirolle, Claudine Chaffaroux, Coralie and Marie Godeschal. She had also a supporter in Matifat, thedruggist, and lodged on the rue de Bondy, where, after a brilliantsuccess at the Panorama-Dramatique, with Coralie and Bouffe, shereceived in maginficent style the diplomatists, Lucien de Rubempre, Camusot and others. Florine soon made an advantageous change in lover, home, theatre and protector; Nathan, whom she afterwards married, supplanted Lousteau about the middle of Louis Philippe's reign. Herhome was on rue Hauteville intead of rue de Bondy; and she had movedfrom the stage of the Panorama to that of the Gymnase. Having made anengagement at the theatre of the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, she metthere her old rival, Coralie, against whom she organized a cabal; shewas distinguished for the brilliancy of her costumes, and brought intoher train of followers successively the opulent Dudley, DesireMinoret, M. Des Grassins, the banker of Saumur, and M. Du Rouvre; sheeven ruined the last two. Florine's fortune rose during the monarchyof July. Her association with Nathan subserved, moreover, their mutualinterests; the poet won respect for the actress, who knew moreover howto make herself formidable by her spirit of intrigue and the tartnessof her sallies of wit. Who did not know her mansion on the ruePigalle? Indeed, Madame Nathan was an intimate acquaintance ofCoralie, Esther la Torpille, Claudine du Bruel, Euphrasie, Aquilina, Madame Theodore Gaillard, and Marie Godeschal; entertained EmileBlondet, Andoche Finot, Etienne Lousteau, Felicien Vernou, Couture, Bixiou, Rastignac, Vignon, F. Du Tillet, Nucingen, and Conti. Herapartments were embellished with the works of Bixiou, F. Souchet, Joseph Bridau, and H. Schinner. Madame de Vandenesse, being somewhatenamored of Nathan, would have destroyed these joys and this splendor, without heeding the devotion of the writer's mistress, on the onehand, or the interference of Vandenesse on the other. Florine, havingentirely won back Nathan, made no delay in marrying him. [The Muse ofthe Department. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Government Clerks. A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Ursule Mirouet. Eugenie Grandet. The ImaginaryMistress. A Prince of Bohemia. A Daughter of Eve. The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

[*] On the stage of the Boulevard du Temple Madame Nathan (Florine) henceforth made a salary of eight thousand francs. 

NAVARREINS (Duc de), born about 1767, son-in-law of the Prince deCadignan, through his first marriage; father of Antoinette deLangeais, kinsman of Madame d'Espard, and cousin of Valentin; accusedof "haughtiness. " He was patron of M. Du Bruel--Cursy--on his entranceinto the government service; had a lawsuit against the hospitals, which he entrusted to the care of Maitre Derville. He had Polydore dela Baudraye dignified to the appointment of collector, inconsideration of his having released him from a debt contracted duringthe emigration; held a family council with the Grandlieus andChaulieus when his daughter compromised her reputation by accepting aninvitation to the house of Montriveau; was the patron of Victurniend'Esgrignon; owned near Ville-aux-Fayes, in the sub-prefecture ofAuxerrois, extensive estates, which were respected by Montcornet'senemies, the Gaubertins, the Rigous, the Soudrys, the Fourchons, andthe Tonsards; accompanied Madame d'Espard to the Opera ball, whenJacques Collin and Lucien de Rubempre mystified the marchioness; forfive hundred thousand francs sold to the Graslins his estates and hisMontegnac forest, near Limoges; was an acquaintance of Foedora throughValentin; was a visitor of the Princesse de Cadignan, after the deathof their common father-in-law, of whom he had little to make boast, especially in matters of finance. The Duc de Navarrein's mansion atParis was on the rue du Bac. [A Bachelor's Establishment. TheThirteen. Jealousies of a Country Town. The Peasantry. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. The Country Parson. The Magic Skin. The GondrevilleMystery. The Secrets of a Princess. Cousin Betty. ]

NEGREPELISSE (De), a family dating back to the Crusades, alreadyfamous in the times of Saint-Louis, the name of the younger branch ofthe "renowned family" of Espard, borne during the restoration inAngoumois, by M. De Bargeton's father-in-law, M. De Negrepelisse, animposing looking old country gentleman, and one of the lastrepresentatives of the old French nobility, mayor of Escarbes, peer ofFrance, and commander of the Order of Saint-Louis. Negrepelissesurvived by several years his son-in-law, whom he took under his roofwhen Anais de Bargeton went to Paris in the summer of 1821. [TheCommission in Lunacy. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

NEGREPELISSE (Comte Clement de), born in 1812; cousin of thepreceding, who left him his title. He was the elder of the twolegitimate sons of the Marquis d'Espard. He studied at College HenriIV. , and lived in Paris, under their father's roof, on the rue de laMontagne-Sainte-Genevieve. The Comte de Negrepelisse seldom visitedhis mother, the Marquise d'Espard, who lived apart from her family inthe Faubourg Saint-Honore. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

NEGRO (Marquis di), a Genoese noble, "Knight Hospitaller endowed withall known talents, " was a visitor, in 1836, of the consul-general ofFrance, at Genoa, when Maurice de l'Hostal gave before Damaso Pareto, Claude Vignon, Leon de Lora, and Felicite des Touches, a full accountof the separation, the reconciliation, and, in short, the wholehistory of Octave de Bauvan and his wife. [Honorine. ]

NEPOMUCENE, a foundling; servant-boy of Madame Vauthier, manager anddoor-keeper of the house on the Boulevard Montparnasse, which wasoccupied by the families of Bourlac and Mergi. Nepomucene usually worea ragged blouse and, instead of shoes, gaiters or wooden clogs. To hiswork with Madame Vauthier was added daily work in the wood-yards ofthe vicinity, and, on Sundays and Mondays, during the summer, heworked also with the wine-merchants at the barrier. [The Seamy Side ofHistory. ]

NERAUD, a physician at Provins during the Restoration. He ruined hiswife, who was the widow of a grocer named Auffray, and who had marriedhim for love. He survived her. Being a man of doubtful character and arival of Dr. Martener, Neraud attached himself to the party of Gouraudand Vinet, who represented Liberal ideas; he failed to upholdPierrette Lorrain, the granddaughter of Auffray, against herguardians, the Rogrons. [Pierrette. ]

NERAUD (Madame), wife of the preceding. Married first to Auffray, thegrocer, who was sixty years old; she was only thirty-eight at thebeginning of her widowhood; she married Dr. Neraud almost immediatelyafter the death of her first husband. By her first marriage she had adaughter, who was the wife of Major Lorrain, and the mother ofPierrette. Madame Neraud died of grief, amid squalid surroundings, twoyears after her second marriage. The Rogrons, descended from oldAuffray by his first marriage, had stripped her of almost all she had. [Pierrette. ]

NICOLAS. (See Montauran, Marquis de. )

NINETTE, born in 1832, "rat" at the Opera in Paris, was acquaintedwith Leon de Lora and J. -J. Bixiou, who called Gazonal's attention toher in 1845. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

NOLLAND (Abbe), the promising pupil of Abbe Roze. Concealed during theRevolution at the house of M. De Negrepelisse, near Barbezieux, he hadin charge the education of Marie-Louise-Anais (afterwards Madame deBargeton), and taught her music, Italian and German. He died in 1802. [Lost Illusions. ]

NISERON, curate of Blangy (Bourgogne) before the Revolution;predecessor of Abbe Brossette in this curacy; uncle of Jean-FrancoisNiseron. He was led by a childish but innocent indiscretion on thepart of his great-niece, as well as by the influence of Dom Rigou, todisinherit the Niserons in the interests of the MesdemoisellesPichard, house-keepers in his family. [The Peasantry. ]

NISERON (Jean-Francois), beadle, sacristan, chorister, bell-ringer, and grave-digger of the parish of Blangy (Bourgogne), during theRestoration; nephew and only heir of Niseron the cure; born in 1751. He was delighted at the Revolution, was the ideal type of theRepublican, a sort of Michel Chrestien of the fields; treated withcold disdain the Pichard family, who took from him the inheritance, towhich he alone had any right; lived a life of poverty andsequestration; was none the less respected; was of Montcornet's partyrepresented by Brossette; their opponent, Gregoire Rigou, felt for himboth esteem and fear. Jean-Francois Niseron lost, one after another, his wife and his two children, and had by his side, in his old days, only Genevieve, natural daughter of his deceased son, Auguste. [ThePeasantry. ]

NISERON (Auguste), son of the preceding; soldier of the Republic andof the Empire; while an artilleryman in 1809, he seduced, at Zahara, ayoung Montenegrin, Zena Kropoli, who died, at Vincennes, early in theyear 1810, leaving him an infant daughter. Thus he could not realizehis purpose of marrying her. He himself was killed, before Montereau, during the year 1814, by the bursting of a shell. [The Peasantry. ]

NISERON (Genevieve), natural daughter of the preceding and theMontenegrin woman, Zena Kropoli; born in 1810, and named Genevieveafter a paternal aunt; an orphan from the age of four, she was rearedin Bourgogne by her grandfather, Jean-Francois Niseron. She had herfather's beauty and her mother's peculiarities. Her patronesses, Madame Montcornet and Madame de Michaud, bestowed upon her the surnamePechina, and, to guard her against Nicholas Tonsard's attentions, placed her in a convent at Auxerre, where she might acquire skill insewing and forget Justin Michaud, whom she loved unconsciously. [ThePeasantry. ]

NOEL, book-keeper for Jean-Jules Popinot of Paris, in 1828, at thetime that the judge questioned the Marquis d'Espard, whose wife triedto deprive him of the right to manage his property. [The Commission inLunacy. ]

NOSWELL (Mistress), a rich and eccentric Englishwoman, who was inParis at the Hotel Lawson about the middle of Louis Philippe's reign;after much mental debate she bought of Fritot the shawl called Selim, which he said at first it was "impossible" for him to sell. [Gaudissart II. ]

NOUASTRE (Baron de), a refugee of the purest noble blood. A ruinedman, he returned to Alencon in 1800, with his daughter, who wastwenty-two years of age, and found a home with the Marquisd'Esgrignon, and died of grief two months later. Shortly afterwardsthe marquis married the orphan daughter. [Jealousies of a CountryTown. ]

NOURRISSON (Madame), was formerly, under the Empire, attached to theservice of the Prince d'Ysembourg in Paris. The sight of thedisorderly life of a "great lady" of the times decided MadameNourrisson's profession. She set up shop as a dealer in old clothes, and was also known as mistress of various houses of shame. Intimaterelations with Jacqueline Collin, continued for more than twentyyears, made this two-fold business profitable. The two matronswillingly exchanged, at times, names and business signs, resources andprofits. It was in the old clothes shop, on the rue Neuve-Saint-Marc, that Frederic de Nucingen bargained for Esther van Gobseck. Towardsthe end of Charles X. 's reign, one of Madame Nourrisson'sestablishments, on rue Saint-Barbe, was managed by La Gonore; in thetime of Louis Philippe another--a secret affair--existed at theso-called "Pate des Italiens"; Valerie Marneffe and Wenceslas Steinbockwere once caught there together. Madame Nourrisson, first of the name, evidently continued to conduct her business on the rue Saint-Marc, since, in 1845, she narrated the minutiae of it to Madame Mahuchetbefore an audience composed of the well-known trio, Bixiou, Lora andGazonal, and related to them her own history, disclosing to them thesecrets of her own long past beginnings in life. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. Cousin Betty. The Unconscious Humorists. ]

NOUVION (Comte de), a noble refugee, who had returned in utterpoverty; chevalier of the Order of Saint-Louis; lived in Paris in1828, subsisting on the delicately disguised charity of his friend, the Marquis d'Espard, who made him superintendent of the publication, at No. 22 rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, of the "PicturesqueHistory of China, " and offered him a share in the possible profits ofthe work. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

NOVERRE, a celebrated dancer, born in Paris 1727; died in 1807; wasthe rather unreliable customer of Chevrel the draper, father-in-lawand predecessor of Guillaume at the Cat and Racket. [At the Sign ofthe Cat and Racket. ]

NUCINGEN (Baron Frederic de), born, probably at Strasbourg, about1767. At that place he was formerly clerk to M. D'Aldrigger, anAlsatian banker. Of better judgment than his employer, he did notbelieve in the success of the Emperor in 1815 and speculated veryskilfully on the battle of Waterloo. Nucingen now carried on businessalone, and on his own account, in Paris and elsewhere; he thusprepared by degrees the famous house of the rue Saint-Lazare, and laidthe foundation of a fortune, which, under Louis Philippe, reachedalmost eighteen million francs. At this period he married one of thetwo daughters of a rich vermicelli-maker, Mademoiselle DelphineGoriot, by whom he had a daughter, Augusta, eventually the wife ofEugene de Rastignac. From the first years of the Restoration may bedated the real brilliancy of his career, the result of a combinationwith the Kellers, Ferdinand du Tillet, and Eugene de Rastignac in thesuccessful manipulation of schemes in connection with the Wortschinmines, followed by opportune assignments and adroitly managed cases ofbankruptcy. These various combinations ruined the Ragons, theAiglemonts, the Aldriggers, and the Beaudenords. At this time, too, Nucingen, though clamorously declaring himself an out-and-outBourbonist, turned a deaf ear to Cesar Birotteau's appeals for credit, in spite of knowing of the latter's consistent Royalism. There was atime in the baron's life when he seemed to change his nature; it waswhen, after giving up his hired dancer, he madly entered upon an amourwith Esther van Gobseck, alarmed his physician, Horace Bianchon, employed Corentin, Georges, Louchard, and Peyrade, and becameespecially the prey of Jacques Collin. After Esther's suicide, in May, 1830, Nuncingen abandoned "Cythera, " as Chardin des Lupeaulx had donebefore, and became again a man of figures, and was overwhelmed withfavors: insignia, the peerage, and the cross of grand officer of theLegion of Honor. Nucingen, being respected and esteemed, in spite ofhis blunt ways and his German accent, was a patron of Beaudenord, anda frequent guest of Cointet, the minister; he went everywhere, and, atthe mansion of Mademoiselle des Touches, heard Marsay give an accountof some of his old love-affairs; witnessed, before Daniel d'Arthez, the calumniation of Diane de Cadignan by every one present in Madamed'Espard's parlor; guided Maxime de Trailles between the hands, or, rather, the clutches of Claparon-Cerizet; accepted the invitation ofJosepha Mirah to her reception on the rue Ville-l'Eveque. WhenWenceslas Steinbock married Hortense Hulot, Nucingen and Cottin deWissembourg were the bride's witnesses. Furthermore, their father, Hector Hulot d'Ervy, borrowed of him more than a hundred thousandfrancs. The Baron de Nucingen acted as sponsor to Polydore de laBaudraye when he was admitted to the French peerage. As a friend ofFerdinand du Tillet, he was admitted on most intimate terms to theboudoir of Carabine, and he was seen there, one evening in 1845, alongwith Jenny Cadine, Gazonal, Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Massol, ClaudeVignon, Trailles, F. Du Bruel, Vauvinet, Marguerite Turquet, and theGaillards of the rue Menars. [The Firm of Nucingen. Father Goriot. Pierrette. Cesar Birotteau. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincialat Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Another Study of Woman. TheSecrets of a Princess. A Man of Business. Cousin Betty. The Muse ofthe Department. The Unconscious Humorists. ]

NUCINGEN (Baronne Delphine de), wife of the preceding, born in 1792, of fair complexion; the spoiled daughter of the opulentvermicelli-maker, Jean-Joachim Goriot; on the side of her mother, whodied young, the granddaughter of a farmer. In the latter period of theEmpire she contracted, greatly to her taste, a marriage for money. Madame de Nucingen formerly had as her lover Henri de Marsay, whofinally abandoned her most cruelly. Reduced, at the time of Louis XVIII. , to the society of the Chaussee-d'Antin, she was ambitious to be admittedto the Faubourg Saint-Germain, a circle of which her elder sister, Madame de Restaud, was a member. Eugene de Rastignac opened to her theparlor of Madame de Beauseant, his cousin, rue de Greville, in 1819, and, at about the same time, became her lover. Their liaison lastedmore than fifteen years. An apartment on the rue d'Artois, fitted upby Jean-Joachim Goriot, sheltered their early love. Having entrustedto Rastignac a certain sum for play at the Palais-Royal, the baronesswas able with the proceeds to free herself of a humiliating debt toMarsay. Meanwhile she lost her father. The Nucingen carriage, withoutan occupant, however, followed the hearse. [Father Goriot. ] Madame deNucingen entertained a great deal on the rue Saint-Lazare. It wasthere that Auguste de Maulincour saw Clemence Desmarets, and Adolphedes Grassins met Charles Grandet. [The Thirteen. Eugenie Grandet. ]Cesar Birotteau, on coming to beg credit of Nucingen, as also didRodolphe Castanier, immediately after his forgery, found themselvesface to face with the baroness. [Cesar Birotteau. Melmoth Reconciled. ]At this period, Madame de Nucingen took the box at the Opera whichAntoinette de Langeais had occupied, believing undoubtedly, saidMadame d'Espard, that she would inherit her charms, wit and success. [Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The Commissionin Lunacy. ] According to Diane de Cadignan, Delphine had a horriblejourney when she went to Naples by sea, of which she brought back amost painful reminder. The baroness showed a haughty and scornfulindulgence when her husband became enamored of Esther van Gobseck. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Forgetting her origin she dreamed ofseeing her daughter Augusta become Duchesse d'Herouville; but theHerouvilles, knowing the muddy source of Nucingen's millions, declinedthis alliance. [Modeste Mignon. The Firm of Nucingen. ] Shortly afterthe year 1830, the baroness was invited to the house of Felicite desTouches, where she saw Marsay once more, and heard him give an accountof an old love-affair. [Another Study of woman. ] Delphine aided Mariede Vandenesse and Nathan to the extent of forty thousand francs duringthe checkered course of their intrigues. She remembered indeed havinggone through similar experiences. [A Daughter of Eve. ] About themiddle of the monarchy of July, Madame de Nucingen, as mother-in-lawof Eugene de Rastignac, visited Madame d'Espard and met Maxime deTrailles and Ferdinand du Tillet in the Faubourg Saint-Germain. [TheMember for Arcis. ]

NUEIL (De), proprietor of the domain of the Manervilles, which, doubtless, descended to the younger son, Gaston. [The Deserted Woman. ]

NUEIL (Madame de), wife of the preceding, survived her husband, andher eldest son, became the dowager Comtesse de Nueil, and afterwardsowned the domain of Manerville, to which she withdrew in retirement. She was the type of the scheming mother, careful and correct, butworldly. She matched off Gaston, and was thereby involuntarily thecause of his death. [The Deserted Woman. ]

NUEIL (De), eldest son of the preceding, died of consumption in thereign of Louis XVIII. , leaving the title of Comte de Nueil to hisyounger brother, Baron Gaston. [The Deserted Woman. ]

NUEIL (Gaston de), son of the Nueils and brother of the preceding, born about 1799, of good extraction and with fortune suitable to hisrank. He went, in 1822, to Bayeux, where he had family connections, inorder to recuperate from the wearing fatigues of Parisian life; had anopportunity to force open the closed door of Claire de Beauseant, whohad been living in retirement in that vicinity ever since the marriageof Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto to Berthe de Rochefide; he fell in love withher, his love was reciprocated, and for nearly ten years he lived withher as her husband in Normandie and Switzerland. Albert Savarus, inhis autobiographical novel, "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " made a vaguereference to them as living together on the shore of Lake Geneva. After the Revolution of 1830, Gaston de Nueil, already rich from hisNorman estates that afforded an income of eighteen thousand francs, married Mademoiselle Stephanie de la Rodiere. Wearying of the marriagetie, he wished to renew his former relations with Madame de Beauseant. Exasperated by the haughty repulse at the hands of his formermistress, Nueil killed himself. [The Deserted Woman. Albert Savarus. ]

NUEIL (Madame Gaston de), born Stephanie de la Rodiere, about 1812, avery insignificant character, married, at the beginning of LouisPhilippe's reign, Gaston de Nueil, to whom she brought an income offorty thousand francs a year. She was enceinte after the first monthof her marriage. Having become Countess de Nueil, by succession, uponthe death of her brother-in-law, and being deserted by Gaston, shecontinued to live in Normandie. Madame Gaston de Nueil survived herhusband. [The Deserted Woman. ]

 O

O'FLAHARTY (Major), maternal uncle of Raphael de Valentin, to whom hebequeathed ten millions upon his death in Calcutta, August, 1828. [TheMagic Skin. ]

OIGNARD, in 1806 was chief clerk to Maitre Bordin, a Parisian lawyer. [A Start in Life. ]

OLGA, daughter of the Topinards, born in 1840. She was not alegitimate child, as her parents were not married at the time whenSchmucke saw her with them in 1846. He loved her for the beauty of herlight Teutonic hair. [Cousin Pons. ]

OLIVET, an Angouleme lawyer, succeeded by Petit-Claude. [LostIllusions. ]

OLIVIER was in the service of the policeman, Corentin and Peyrade, when they found the Hauteserres and the Simeuses with the Cinq-Cygnefamily in 1803. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

OLIVIER (Monsieur and Madame), first in the employ of Charles X. Asoutrider and laundress; had charge of three children, of whom theeldest became an under notary's clerk; were finally, under LouisPhilippe, servants of the Marneffes and of Mademoiselle Fischer, towhom, through craftiness or gratitude, they devoted themselvesexclusively. [Cousin Betty. ]

ORFANO (Duc d'), title of Marechal Cottin. 

ORGEMONT (D'), wealthy and avaricious banker, proprietor at Fougeres, bought the Abbaye de Juvigny's estate. He remained neutral during theChouan insurrection of 1799 and came into contact with Coupiau, Galope-Chopine, and Mesdames du Gua-Saint-Cyr and de Montauran. [TheChouans. ]

ORGEMONT (D'), brother of the preceding, a Breton priest who took theoath of allegiance. He died in 1795 and was buried in a secluded spot, discovered and preserved by M. D'Orgemont, the banker, as a place ofhiding from the fury of the Vendeans. [The Chouans. ]

ORIGET, famous Tours physician; known to the Mortsaufs, chatelains ofClochegourde. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

ORSONVAL (Madame d'), frequently visited the Cruchot and Grandetfamilies at Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

OSSIAN, valet in the service of Mougin, the well-known hair-dresser onthe Place de la Bourse, in 1845. Ossian's duty was to show the patronsout, and in this capacity he attended Bixiou, Lora and Gazonal. [TheUnconscious Humorists. ]

OTTOBONI, an Italian conspirator who hid in Paris. In 1831, on diningat the Giardinis on rue Froidmanteau, he became acquainted with theGambaras. [Gambara. ]

 P

PACCARD, released convict, in Jacques Collin's clutches, well known asa thief and drunkard. He was Prudence Servien's lover, and both wereemployed by Esther van Gobseck at the same time, Paccard being afootman; lived with a carriage-maker on rue de Provence, in 1829. After stealing seven hundred and fifty thousand francs, which had beenleft by Esther van Gobseck, he was obliged to give up seven hundredand thirty thousand of them. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

PACCARD (Mademoiselle), sister of the preceding, in the power ofJacqueline Collin. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

PALMA, Parisian banker of the Poissoniere suburbs; had, during theregime of the Restoration and of July, great fame as a financier. Hewas "private counsel for the Keller establishment. " Birotteau, theperfumer, at the time of his financial troubles, vainly asked him forhelp. [The Firm of Nucingen. Cesar Birotteau. ] With Werbrust as apartner he dealt in discounts as shrewdly as did Gobseck and Bidault, and thus was in a position to help Lucien de Rubempre. [Gobseck. LostIllusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] He was also M. Werbrust's associate in the muslin, calico and oil-cloth establishmentat No. 5 rue du Sentier, when Maximilien was so friendly with theFontaines. [The Ball at Sceaux. ]

PAMIERS (Vidame de), "oracle of Faubourg Saint-Germain at the time ofthe Restoration, " a member of the family council dealing withAntoinette de Langeais, who was accused of compromising herself withMontriveau. Past-commander of the Order of Malta, prominent in boththe eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, old and confidential friendof the Baronne de Maulincour. Pamiers reared the young Baron Augustede Maulincour, defending him with all his power against Bourignard'shatred. [The Thirteen. ] As a former intimate friend of the Marquisd'Esgrignon, the vidame introduced the Vicomte d'Esgrignon--Victurnien--to Diane de Maufrigneuse. An intimate friendship between the youngman and the future Princess de Cadignan was the result. [Jealousies ofa Country Town. ]

PANNIER, merchant and banker after 1794; treasurer of the "brigands";connected with the uprising of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne in 1809. Having been condemned to twenty years of hard labor, Pannier wasbranded and placed in the galleys. Appointed lieutenant-general underLouis XVIII. , he governed a royal castle. He died without children. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

PARADIS, born in 1830; Maxime de Trailles' servant-boy or "tiger";quick and bold; made a tour, during the election period in the springof 1839, through the Arcis-sur-Aube district, with his master, meetingGoulard, the sub-prefect, Poupart, the tavern-keeper, and theMaufrigneuses and Mollots of Cinq-Cygne. [The Member for Arcis. ]

PARQUOI (Francois), one of the Chouans, for whom Abbe Gudin held afuneral mass in the heart of the forest, not far from Fougeres, in theautumn of 1799. Francois Parquoi died, as did Nicolas Laferte, JosephBrouet and Sulpice Coupiau, of injuries received at the battle of LaPelerine and at the siege of Fougeres. [The Chouans. ]

PASCAL, porter of the Thuilliers in the Place de la Madeleine house;acted also as beadle at La Madeleine church. [The Middle Classes. ]

PASCAL (Abbe), chaplain at Limoges prison in 1829; gentle old man. Hetried vainly to obtain a confession from Jean-Francois Tascheron, whohad been imprisoned for robbery followed by murder. [The CountryParson. ]

PASTELOT, priest in 1845, in the Saint-Francois church in the Marais, on the street now called rue Charlot; watched over the dead body ofSylvain Pons. [Cousin Pons. ]

PASTUREAU (Jean Francois), in 1829, owner of an estate in Isere, thevalue of which was said to have been impaired by the passing by ofDoctor Benassis' patients. [The Country Doctor. ]

PATRAT (Maitre), notary at Fougeres in 1799, an acquaintance ofD'Orgemont, the banker, and introduced to Marie de Verneuil by the oldmiser. [The Chouans. ]

PATRIOTE, a monkey, which Marie de Verneuil, its owner, had taught tocounterfeit Danton. The craftiness of this animal reminded Marie ofCorentin. [The Chouans. ]

PAULINE, for a long time Julie d'Aiglemont's waiting-maid. [A Woman ofThirty. ]

PAULMIER, employed under the Restoration in the Ministry of Finance inIsidore Baudoyer's bureau of Flamet de la Billardiere's division. Paulmier was a bachelor, but quarreled continually with his marriedcolleague, Chazelles. [The Government Clerks. ]

PAZ (Thaddee), Polish descendant of a distinguished Florentine family, the Pazzi, one of whose members had become a refugee in Poland. Livingcontemporaneously with his fellow-citizen and friend, the Comte AdamMitgislas Laginski, like him Thaddee Paz fought for his country, lateron following him into exile in Paris, during the reign of LouisPhilippe. Bearing up bravely in his poverty, he was willing to becomesteward to the count, and he made an able manager of the Laginskimansion. He gave up this position, when, having become enamored ofClementine Laginska, he saw that he could no longer control hispassion by means of a pretended mistress, Marguerite Turquet, thehorsewoman. Paz (pronounced Pac), who had willingly assumed the titleof captain, had seen the Steinbocks married. His departure from Francewas only feigned, and he once more saw the Comtesse Laginska, duringthe winter of 1842. At Rusticoli he took her away from La Palferine, who was on the point of carrying her away. [The Imaginary Mistress. Cousin Betty. ]

PECHINA (La), nick-name of Genevieve Niseron. 

PEDEROTTI (Signor), father of Madame Maurice de l'Hostal. He was aGenoa banker; gave his only daughter a dowry of a million; married herto the French consul, and left her, on dying six months later inJanuary, 1831, a fortune made in grain and amounting to two millions. Pederotti had been made count by the King of Sardinia, but, as he leftno male heir, the title became extinct. [Honorine. ]

PELLETIER, one of Benassis' patients in Isere, who died in 1829, wasburied on the same day as the last "cretin, " which had been kept onaccount of popular superstition. Pelletier left a wife, who sawGenestas, and several children, of whom the eldest, Jacques, was bornabout 1807. [The Country Doctor. ]

PEN-HOEL (Jacqueline de), of a very old Breton family, lived atGuerande, where she was born about 1780. Sister-in-law of theKergarouets of Nantes, the patrons of Major Brigaut, who, despite thedispleasure of the people, did not themselves hesitate to assume thename of Pen-Hoel. Jacqueline protected the daughters of her youngersister, the Vicomtesse de Kergarouet. She was especially attracted toher eldest niece, Charlotte, to whom she intended to give a dowry, asshe desired the girl to marry Calyste du Guenic, who was in love withFelicite des Touches. [Beatrix. ]

PEROUX (Abbe), brother of Madame Julliard; vicar of Provins during theRestoration. [Pierrette. ]

PERRACHE, small hunchback, shoemaker by trade, and, in 1840, porter ina house belonging to Corentin on rue Honore-Chevalier, Paris. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

PERRACHE (Madame), wife of the preceding, often visited MadameCardinal, niece of Toupillier, one of Corentin's renters. [The MiddleClasses. ]

PERRET, with his partner, Grosstete, preceded Pierre Graslin in abanking-house at Limoges, in the early part of the nineteenth century. [The Country Parson. ]

PERRET (Madame), wife of the preceding, an old woman in 1829, disturbed herself, as did every one in Limoges, over the assassinationcommitted by Jean-Francois Tascheron. [The Country Parson. ]

PERROTET, in 1819, laborer on Felix Grandet's farm in the suburbs ofSaumur. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

PETIT-CLAUD, son of a very poor tailor of L'Houmeau, a suburb ofAngouleme, where he pursued his studies in the town lyceum, becomingacquainted at the same time with Lucien de Rubempre. He studied law atPoitiers. On going back to the chief city of La Charente, he becameclerk to Maitre Olivet, an attorney whom he succeeded. Now beganPetit-Claud's period of revenge for the insults which his poverty andhomeliness had brought on. He met Cointet, the printer, and went intohis employ, although at the same time he feigned allegiance to theyounger Sechard, also a printer. This conduct paved the way for hisaccession to the magistracy. He was in turn deputy and king'sprocureur. Petit-Claud did not leave Angouleme, but made a profitablemarriage in 1822 with Mademoiselle Francoise de la Haye, naturaldaughter of Francis du Hautoy and of Madame de Senonches. [LostIllusions. ]

PETIT-CLAUD (Madame), wife of the preceding, natural daughter ofFrancis du Hautoy and of Madame de Senonches; born Francoise de laHaye, given into the keeping of old Madame Cointet; married throughthe instrumentality of Madame Cointet's son, the printer, known asCointet the Great. Madame Petit-Claud, though insignificant andforward, was provided with a very substantial dowry. [Lost Illusions. ]

PEYRADE, born about 1758 in Provence, Comtat, in a large family ofpoor people who eked out a scant subsistence on a small estate calledCanquoelle. Peyrade, paternal uncle of Theodose de la Peyrade, was ofnoble birth, but kept the fact secret. He went from Avignon to Parisin 1776, where he entered the police force two years later. Lenoirthought well of him. Peyrade's success in life was impaired only byhis immoralities; otherwise it would have been much more brilliant andlasting. He had a genius for spying, also much executive ability. Fouche employed him and Corentin in connection with the affair ofGondreville's imaginary abduction. A kind of police ministry was givento him in Holland. Louis XVIII. Counseled with him and gave himemployment, but Charles X. Held aloof from this shrewd employe. Peyrade lived in poverty on rue des Moineaux with an adored daughter, Lydie, the child of La Beaumesnil of the Comedie-Francaise. Certainevents brought him into the notice of Nucingen, who employed him inthe search for Esther Gobseck, at the same time warning him againstthe courtesan's followers. The police department, having been told ofthis arrangement by the so-called Abbe Carlos Herrera, would notpermit him to enter into the employ of a private individual. Despitethe protection of his friend, Corentin, and the talent as a policeman, which he had shown under the assumed names of Canquoelle andSaint-Germain, especially in connection with F. Gaudissart's seizure, Peyrade failed in his struggle with Jacques Collin. His excellenttransformation into a nabob defender of Madame Theodore Gaillard madethe former convict so angry that, during the last years of theRestoration, he took revenge on him by making away with him. Peyrade'sdaughter was abducted and he died from the effects of poison. [TheGondreville Mystery. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

PEYRADE (Lydie). [*] (See La Peyrade, Madame Theodose de. )

[*] Under the title of "Lydie" a portion of the life of Peyrade's daughter was used in a play presented at the Theatre des Nations, now Theatre de Paris, but the author did not publish his play. 

PHELLION, born in 1780, husband of a La Perche woman, who bore himthree children, two of whom were sons, Felix and Marie-Theodore, andone a daughter, who became Madame Burniol; clerk in the Ministry ofFinance, Xavier Rabourdin's bureau, division of Flamet de laBillardiere, a position which he held until the close of 1824. Heupheld Rabourdin, who, in turn, often defended him. While living onrue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques near the Sourds-Muets, he taughthistory, literature and elementary ethics to the students ofMesdemoiselles La Grave. The Revolution of July did not affect him;even his retirement from service did not cause him to give up the homein which he remained for at least thirty years. He bought for eighteenthousand francs a small house on Feuillantines lane, now rue desFeuillantines, which he occupied, after he had improved it, in aserious Bourgeois manner. Phellion was a major in the National Guard. For the most part he still had the same friends, meeting and visitingfrequently Baudoyer, Dutocq, Fleury, Godard, Laudigeois, Rabourdin, Madame Poiret the elder, and especially the Colleville, Thuillier andMinard families. His leisure time was occupied with politics and art. At the Odeon he was on a committee of classical reading. His politicalinfluence and vote were sought by Theodose de la Peyrade in theinterest of Jerome Thuillier's candidacy for the General Council; forPhellion favored another candidate, Horace Bianchon, relative of thehighly-honored J. -J. Popinot. [The Government Clerks. The MiddleClasses. ]

PHELLION (Madame), wife of the preceding; belonged to a family wholived in a western province. Her family being so large that the incomeof more than nine thousand francs, pension and rentals, wasinsufficient, she continued, under Louis Philippe, to give lessons inharmony to Mesdemoiselles La Grave, as in the Restoration, with thestrictness observed in her every-day life. 

PHELLION (Felix), eldest son of the preceding couple, born in 1817;professor of mathematics in a Royal college at Paris, then a member ofthe Academy of Sciences, and chevalier of the Legion of Honor. By hisremarkable works and his discovery of a star, he was thus made famousbefore he was twenty-five years old, and married, after this fame hadcome to him, Celeste-Louise-Caroline-Brigette Colleville, the sisterof one of his pupils and a woman for whom his love was so strong thathe gave up Voltairism for Catholicism. [The Middle Classes. ]

PHELLION (Madame Felix), wife of the preceding; bornCeleste-Louise-Caroline-Brigitte Colleville. Although M. And MadameColleville's daughter, she was reared almost entirely by the Thuilliers. Indeed, M. L. -J. Thuillier, who had been one of Madame FlavieColleville's lovers, passed for Celeste's father. M. , Madame andMademoiselle Thuillier were all determined to give her their Christiannames and to make up a large dowry for her. Olivier Vinet, Godeschal, Theodose de la Peyrade, all wished to marry Mademoiselle Colleville. Nevertheless, although she was a devoted Christian, she loved FelixPhellion, the Voltairean, and married him after his conversion toCatholicism. [The Middle Classes. ]

PHELLION (Marie-Theodore), Felix Phellion's younger brother, in 1840pupil at the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. [The Middle Classes. ]

PHILIPPART (Messieurs), owners of a porcelain manufactory at Limoges, in which was employed Jean-Francois Tascheron, the murderer of Pingretand Jeanne Malassis. [The Country Parson. ]

PHILIPPE, employed in Madame Marie Gaston's family; formerly anattendant of the Princesse de Vauremont; later became the Duc Henri deChaulieu's servant; finally entered Marie Gaston's household, where hewas employed after his wife's decease. [Letters of Two Brides. TheMember for Arcis. ]

PICHARD (Mademoiselle), house-keeper of Niseron, vicar of Blangy inBourgogne. Prior to 1789 she brought her niece, Mademoiselle ArsenePichard, to his house. [The Peasantry. ]

PICHARD (Arsene), niece of the preceding. (See Rigou, MadameGregoire. ) [The Peasantry. ]

PICOT (Nepomucene), astronomer and mathematician, friend of Biot after1807, author of a "Treatise on Differential Logarithms, " andespecially of a "Theory of Perpetual Motion, " four volumes, quarto, with engravings, Paris, 1825; lived, in 1840, No. 9 rue duVal-de-Grace. Being very near-sighted and erratic, the prey of histhieving servant, Madame Lambert, his family thought that he needed aprotector. Being instructor of Felix Phellion, with whom he took atrip to England, Picot made known his pupil's great ability, which theboy had modestly kept secret, at the home of the Thuilliers, Place dela Madeleine, before an audience composed of the Collevilles, Minardsand Phellions. Celeste Colleville's future was thus determined. AsPicot was decorated late in life, his marriage to a wealthy andeccentric Englishwoman of forty was correspondingly late. Afterpassing through a successful operation for a cancer, he returned "anew man, " to the home of the Thuilliers. He was led through gratitudeto leave to the Felix Phellions the wealth brought him by MadamePicot. [The Middle Classes. ]

PICQUOISEAU (Comtesse), widow of a colonel. She and Madame deVaumerland boarded with one of Madame Vauquer's rivals, according toMadame de l'Ambermesnil. [Father Goriot. ]

PIUS VII. (Barnabas Chiaramonti), lived from 1740 till 1823; pope. Having been asked by letter in 1806, if a woman might go _decollete_to the ball or to the theatre, without endangering her welfare, heanswered his correspondent, Madame Angelique de Granville, in a mannerbefitting the gentle Fenelon. [A Second Home. ]

PIEDEFER (Abraham), descendant of a middle class Calvinist family ofSancerre, whose ancestors in the sixteenth century were skilledworkmen, and subsequently woolen-drapers; failed in business duringthe reign of Louis XVI. ; died about 1786, leaving two sons, Moise andSilas, in poverty. [The Muse of the Department. ]

PIEDEFER (Moise), elder son of the preceding, profited by theRevolution in imitating his forefathers; tore down abbeys andchurches; married the only daughter of a Convention member who hadbeen guillotined, and by her had a child, Dinah, later Madame Milaudde la Baudraye; compromised his fortune by his agriculturalspeculations; died in 1819. [The Muse of the Department. ]

PIEDEFER (Silas), son of Abraham Piedefer, and younger brother of thepreceding; did not receive, as did Moise Piedefer, his part of thesmall paternal fortune; went to the Indies; died, about 1837, in NewYork, with a fortune of twelve hundred thousand francs. This money wasinherited by his niece, Madame de la Baudraye, but was seized by herhusband. [The Muse of the Department. ]

PIEDEFER (Madame Moise), sister-in-law of the preceding, unaffable andexcessively pious; pensioned by her son-in-law; lived successively inSancerre and at Paris with her daughter, Madame de la Baudraye, whomshe managed to separate from Etienne Lousteau. [The Muse of theDepartment. ]

PIERQUIN, born about 1786, successor to his father as notary in Douai;distant cousin of the Molina-Claes of rue de Paris, through thePierquins of Antwerp; self-interested and positive by nature; aspiredto the hand of Marguerite Claes, eldest daughter of Balthazar, whoafterwards became Madame Emmanuel de Solis; finally married Felicie, ayounger sister of his first choice, in the second year of Charles X. 'sreign. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

PIERQUIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Felicie Claes, found, as a young girl, a second mother in her elder sister, Marguerite. [TheQuest of the Absolute. ]

PIERQUIN, brother-in-law of the preceding; physician who attended theClaes at Douai. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

PIERROT, assumed name of Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel, Chevalierdu Vissard. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

PIERROTIN, born in 1781. After having served in the cavalry, he leftthe service in 1815 to succeed his father as manager of a stage-linebetween Paris and Isle-Adam--an undertaking which, though onlymoderately successful, finally flourished. One morning in the autumnof 1822, he received as passengers, at the Lion d'Argent, some people, either famous or of rising fame, the Comte Hugret de Serizy, Leon deLora and Joseph Bridau, and took them to Presles, a place nearBeaumont. Having become "coach-proprietor of Oise, " in 1838 he marriedhis daughter, Georgette, to Oscar Husson, a high officer, who, uponretiring, had been appointed to a collectorship in Beaumont, and who, like the Canalises and the Moreaus, had for a long time been one ofPierrotin's customers. [A Start in Life. ]

PEITRO, Corsican servant of the Bartolomeo di Piombos, kinsmen ofMadame Luigi Porta. [The Vendetta. ]

PIGEAU, during the Restoration, at one time head-carrier andafterwards owner of a small house, which he had built with his ownhands and on a very economical basis, at Nanterre (between Paris andSaint-Germain-in-Laye). [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

PIGEAU (Madame), wife of the preceding; belonged to a family of winemerchants. After her husband's death, about the end of theRestoration, she inherited a little property, which caused her muchunhappiness, in consequence of her avarice and distrust. Madame Pigeauwas planning to remove from Nanterre to Saint-Germain with a view toliving there on her annuity, when she was murdered with her servantand her dogs, by Theodore Calvi, in the winter of 1828-29. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ]

PIGERON, of Auxerre, was murdered, it is said, by his wife; be that asit may, the autopsy, entrusted to Vermut, a druggist of Soulanges, inBourgogne, proved the use of poison. [The Peasantry. ]

PIGOULT, was head clerk in the office where Malin de Gondreville andGrevin studied pettifogging; was, about 1806, first justice of thepeace at Arcis, and then president of the tribunal of the same town, at the time of the lawsuit in connection with the abduction of Malin, when he and Grevin were the prosecuting attorneys. [The GondrevilleMystery. ] In the neighborhood of 1839, Pigoult was still living, having his home in the ward. At that time he made public recognitionof Pantaleon, Marquis de Sallenauve, and supposed father of CharlesDorlange, Comte de Sallenauve, thus serving the interests, or ratherthe ambitions, of deputy. [The Member for Arcis. ]

PIGOULT, son of the preceding, acquired the hat manufactory of PhileasBeauvisage, made a failure of the undertaking, and committed suicide;but appeared to have had a natural, though sudden, death. [The Memberfor Arcis. ]

PIGOULT (Achille), son of the preceding and grandson of the nextpreceding, born in 1801. A man of unattractive personality, but ofgreat intelligence, he supplanted Grevin, and, in 1819, was thebusiest notary of Arcis. Gondreville's influence, and his intimacywith Beauvisage and Giguet, were the causes of his taking a prominentpart in the political contests of that period; he opposed SimonGiguet's candidacy, and successfully supported the Comte deSallenauve. The introduction of the Marquis Pantaleon de Sallenauve toold Pigoult was brought about through Achille Pigoult, and assured atriumph for the sculptor, Sallenauve-Dorlange. [The Member for Arcis. ]

PILLERAULT (Claude-Joseph), a very upright Parisian trader, proprietorof the Cloche d'Or, a hardware establishment on the Quai de laFerraille; made a modest fortune, and retired from business in 1814. After losing, one after another, his wife, his son, and an adoptedchild, Pillerault devoted his life to his niece, Constance-Barbe-Josephine, of whom he was guardian and only relative. Pillerault lived on the rue des Bourdonnais, in 1818, occupying a smallapartment let to him by Camusot of the Cocon d'Or. During that period, Pillerault was remarkable for the intelligence, energy and couragedisplayed in connection with the unfortunate Birotteaus, who werefalling into bad repute. He found out Claparon, and terrified Molineux, both enemies of the Birotteaus. Politics and the Cafe David, situatedbetween the rue de la Monnaie and the rue Saint-Honore, consumed theleisure hours of Pillerault, who was a stoical and staunch Republican;he was exceedingly considerate of Madame Vaillant, his house-keeper, and treated Manuel, Foy, Perier, Lafayette and Courier as gods. [CesarBirotteau. ] Pillerault lived to a very advanced age. The AnselmePopinots, his grand-nephew and grand-niece, paid him a visit in 1844. Poulain cured the old man of an illness when he was more than eightyyears of age; he then owned an establishment (rue de Normandie, in theMarais), managed by the Cibots, and counting among its occupants theChapoulot family, Schmucke and Sylvain Pons. [Cousin Pons. ]

PILLERAULT (Constance-Barbe-Josephine). (See Birotteau, Madame Cesar. )

PIMENTEL (Marquis and Marquise de), enjoyed extended influence duringthe Restoration, not only with the society element of Paris, butespecially in the department of Charente, where they spent theirsummers. They were reputed to be the wealthiest land-owners aroundAngouleme, were on intimate terms with their peers, the Rastignacs, together with whom they composed the shining lights of the Bargetoncircle. [Lost Illusions. ]

PINAUD (Jacques), a "poor linen-merchant, " the name under which M. D'Orgemont, a wealthy broker of Fougeres, tried to conceal hisidentity from the Chouans, in 1799, to avoid being a victim of theirrobbery. [The Chouans. ]

PINGRET, uncle of Monsieur and Madame des Vauneaulx; a miser, wholived in an isolated house in the Faubourg Saint-Etienne, nearLimoges; robbed and murdered, with his servant Jeanne Malassis, onenight in March, 1829, by Jean-Francois Tascheron. [The CountryParson. ]

PINSON, long a famous Parisian restaurant-keeper of the rue del'Ancienne-Comedie, at whose establishment Theodose de la Peyrade, reduced, in the time of Louis Philippe, to the uttermost depths ofpoverty, dined, at the expense of Cerizet and Dutocq, at a cost offorty-seven francs; there also these three men concluded a compact tofurther their mutual interests. [The Middle Classes. ]

PIOMBO (Baron Bartolomeo di), born in 1738, a fellow-countryman andfriend of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose mother he had protected during theCorsican troubles. After a terrible vendetta, carried out in Corsicaagainst all the Portas except one, he had to leave his country, andwent in great poverty to Paris with his family. Through theintercession of Lucien Bonaparte, he saw the First Consul (October, 1800) and obtained property, titles and employment. Piombo was notwithout gratitude; the friend of Daru, Drouot, and Carnot, he gaveevidence of devotion to his benefactor until the latter's death. Thereturn of the Bourbons did not deprive him entirely of the resourcesthat he had acquired. For his Corsican property Bartolomeo received ofMadame Letitia Bonaparte a sum which allowed him to purchase andoccupy the Portenduere mansion. The marriage of his adored daughter, Ginevra, who, against her father's will, became the wife of the lastof the Portas, was a source of vexation and grief to Piombo, thatnothing could diminish. [The Vendetta. ]

PIOMBO (Baronne Elisa di), born in 1745, wife of the preceding andmother of Madame Porta, was unable to obtain from Bartolomeo thepardon of Ginevra, whom he would not see after her marriage. [TheVendetta. ]

PIOMBO (Ginevra di). (See Porta, Madame Luigi. )

PIOMBO (Gregorio di), brother of the preceding, and son of Bartolomeoand Elisa di Piombo; died in his infancy, a victim of the Portas, inthe vendetta against the Piombos. [The Vendetta. ]

PIQUETARD (Agathe). (See Hulot d'Ervy, Baronne Hector. )

PIQUOIZEAU, porter of Frederic de Nucingen, when Rodolphe Castanierwas cashier at the baron's bank. [Melmoth Reconciled. ]

PLAISIR, an "illustrious hair-dresser" of Paris; in September, 1816, on the rue Taitbout, he waited on Caroline Crochard de Bellefeuille, at that time mistress of the Comte de Granville. [A Second Home. ]

PLANCHETTE, an eminent professor of mechanics, consulted by Raphael deValentin on the subject of the wonderful piece of shagreen that theyoung man had in his possession; he took him to Spieghalter, themechanician, and to Baron Japhet, the chemist, who tried in vain tostretch this skin. The failure of science in this effort was a causeof amazement to Planchette and Japhet. "They were like Christians comefrom the tomb without finding a God in heaven. " Planchette was a tall, thin man, and a sort of poet always in deep contemplation. [The MagicSkin. ]

PLANTIN, a Parisian publicist, was, in 1834, editor of a review, andaspired to the position of master of requests in the Council of State, when Blondet recommended him to Raoul Nathan, who was starting a greatnewspaper. [A Daughter of Eve. ]

PLISSOUD, like Brunet, court-crier at Soulanges (Bourgogne), andafterwards Brunet's unfortunate competitor. He belonged, during theRestoration, to the "second" society of his village, witnessed hisexclusion from the "first" by reason of the misconduct of his wife, who was born Euphemie Wattebled. Being a gambler and a drinker, Plissoud did not save any money; for, though he was appointed to manyoffices, they were all lacking in lucrativeness; he was insuranceagent, as well as agent for a society that insured against the chancesfor conscription. Being an enemy of Soudry's party, Maitre Plissoudmight readily have served, especially for pecuniary considerations, the interests of Montcornet, proprietor at Aigues. [The Peasantry. ]

PLISSOUD (Madame Euphemie), wife of the preceding and daughter ofWattebled; ruled the "second" society of Soulanges, as Madame Soudrydid the first, and though married to Plissoud, lived with Lupin as ifshe were his wife. [The Peasantry. ]

POIDEVIN, was, in the month of November, 1806, second clerk of MaitreBordin, a Paris attorney. [A Start in Life. ]

POINCET, an old and unfortunate public scribe, and interpreter at thePalais de Justice of Paris; about 1815, he went with Christemio to seeHenri de Marsay, in order to translate the words of the messenger ofPaquita Valdes. [The Thirteen. ]

POIREL (Abbe), a priest of Tours; advanced to the canonry at the timethat Monsieur Troubert and Mademoiselle Gamard persecuted AbbeFrancois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

POIRET, the elder, born at Troyes. He was the son of a clerk and of awoman whose wicked ways were notorious and who died in a hospital. Going to Paris with a younger brother, they became clerks in theDepartment of Finance under Robert Lindet; there he met Antoine, theoffice boy; he left the department, in 1816, with a retiring pension, and was replaced by Saillard. [The Government Clerks. ] Afflicted withcretinism he remained a bachelor because of the horror inspired by thememory of his mother's immoral life; he was a confirmed _idemiste_, repeating, with slight variation, the words of those with whom he wasconversing. Poiret established himself on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, at Madame Vauquer's private boarding-house; he occupied the second storyat the widow's house, became intimate with Christine-Michelle Michonneauand married her, when Horace Bianchon demanded the exclusion of thisyoung woman from the house for denouncing Jacques Collin (1819). [FatherGoriot. ] Poiret often afterwards met M. Clapart, an old comrade whom hehad found again on the rue de la Cerisaie; had apartments on the rue desPoules and lost his health. [A Start in Life. Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ] He died during the reign of Louis Philippe. [The Middle Classes. ]

POIRET (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Christine-MichelleMichonneau, in 1779, doubtless had a stormy youth. Pretending to havebeen persecuted by the heirs of a rich old man for whom she had cared, Christine-Michelle Michonneau went, during the Restoration, to boardwith Madame Vauquer, the third floor of the house on rueNeuve-Sainte-Genevieve; made Poiret her squire; made a deal withBibi-Lupin--Gondureau--to betray Jacques Collin, one of Madame Vauquer'sguests. Having thus sated her cupidity and her bitter feelings, Mademoiselle Michonneau was forced to leave the house on rueNeuve-Sainte-Genevieve, at the formal demand of Bianchon, another of theguests. [Father Goriot. ] Accompanied by Poiret, whom she afterwardsmarried, she moved to the rue des Poules and rented furnished rooms. Being summoned before the examining magistrate Camusot (May, 1830), sherecognized Jacques Collin in the pseudo Abbe Carlos Herrera. [Scenesfrom a Courtesan's Life. ] Ten years later, Madame Poiret, now a widow, was living on a corner of the rue des Postes, and numbered Cerizetamong her lodgers. [The Middle Classes. ]

POIRET, the younger, brother of Poiret the elder, and brother-in-lawof the preceding, born in 1771; had the same start, the sameinstincts, and the same weakness of intellect as the elder; ran thesame career, overwhelmed with work under Lindet; remained at theTreasury as copying clerk ten years longer than Poiret the elder, wasalso book-keeper for two merchants, one of whom was Camusot of theCocon d'Or; he lived on the rue du Martroi; dined regularly at theVeau qui Tette, on the Place du Chatelet; bought his hats of Tournan, on rue Saint-Martin; and, a victim of J. -J. Bixiou's practical jokes, he wound up by being business clerk in the office of Xavier Rabourdin. Being retired on January 1, 1825, Poiret the younger counted on livingat Madame Vauquer's boarding-house. [The Government Clerks. ]

POLISSARD, appraiser of the wood of the Ronquerolles estate in 1821;at this time, probably on the recommendation of Gaubertin, he employedas agent for the wood-merchant, Vaudoyer, a peasant of Ronquerolles, who had shortly before been discharged from the post of forest-keeperof Blangy (Bourgogne). [The Peasantry. ]

POLLET, book-publisher in Paris, in 1821; a rival of Doguereau;published "Leonide ou La Vieille de Suresnes, " a romance by VictorDucange; had business relations with Porchon and Vidal; was at theirestablishment, when Lucien de Rubempre presented to them his "Archerde Charles IX. " [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

POMBRETON (Marquis de), a genuine anomaly; lieutenant of the blackmusketeers under the old regime, friend of the Chevalier de Valois, who prided himself on having lent him for assistance in leaving thecountry, twelve hundred pistoles. Pombreton returned this loanafterwards, almost beyond a question of doubt, but the fact of thecase always remained unknown, for M. De Valois, an unusuallysuccessful gamester, was interested in spreading a report of thereturn of this loan, to shadow the resources that he derived from thegaming table; and so five years later, about 1821, Etienne Lousteaudeclared that the Pombreton succession and the Maubreuil[*] affairwere among the most profitable "stereotypes" of journalism. Finally, Le Courrier de l'Orne of M. Du Bousquier published, about 1830, theselines: "A certificate for an income of a thousand francs a year willbe awarded to the person who can show the existence of a M. DePombreton before, during, or after the emigration. " [Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

[*] Maubreuil died at the end of the Second Empire. 

POMPONNE (La). (See Toupinet, Madame. )

PONS (Sylvain)[*], born about 1785; son of the old age of Monsieur andMadame Pons, who, before 1789, founded the famous Parisian house forthe embroidery of uniforms that was bought, in 1815, by M. Rivet, first cousin of the first Madame Camusot of the Cocon d'Or, sole heirof the famous Pons brothers, embroiderers to the Court; under theEmpire, he won the Prix de Rome for musical composition, returned toParis about 1810, and was for many years famous for his romances andmelodies which were full of delicacy and good taste. From his stay inItaly, Pons brought back the tastes of the bibliomaniac and a love forworks of art. His passion for collecting consumed almost his entirepatrimony. Pons became Sauvageot's rival. Monistrol and Elie Magusfelt a hidden but envious appreciation of the artistic treasuresingeniously and economically collected by the musician. Being ignorantof the rare value of his museum, he went from house to house, givingprivate lessons in harmony. This lack of knowledge proved his ruinafterwards, for he became all the more fond of paintings, stones andfurniture, as lyric glory was denied him, and his ugliness, coupledwith his supposed poverty, kept him from getting married. Thepleasures of a gourmand replaced those of the lover; he likewise foundsome consolation for his isolation in his friendship with Schmucke. Pons suffered from his taste for high living; he grew old, like aparasitic plant, outside the circle of his family, only tolerated byhis distant cousins, the Camusot de Marvilles, and their connections, Cardot, Berthier and Popinot. In 1834, at the awarding of the prize tothe young ladies of a boarding-school, he met the pianist Schmucke, ateacher as well as himself, and in the strong intimacy that grew upbetween them, he found some compensation for the blighted hopes of hisexistence. Sylvain Pons was director of the orchestra at the theatreof which Felix Gaudissart was manager during the monarchy of July. Hehad Schmucke admitted there, with whom he passed several happy years, in a house, on the rue de Normandie, belonging to C. -J. Pillerault. The bitterness of Madeleine Vivet and Amelie Camusot de Marville, andthe covetousness of Madame Cibot, the door-keeper, and Fraisier, Magus, Poulain and Remonencq were perhaps the indirect causes of thecase of hepatitis of which Pons died (in April, 1845), appointingSchmucke his residuary legatee before Maitre Leopold Hannequin, whohad been hastily summoned by Heloise Brisetout. Pons was on the pointof being employed to compose a piece of ballet music, entitled "LesMohicans. " This work most likely fell to his successor, Garangeot. [Cousin Pons. ]

[*] M. Alphonse de Launay has derived from the life of Sylvain Pons a drama that was presented at the Cluny theatre, Paris, about 1873. 

POPINOT, alderman of Sancerre in the eighteenth century; father ofJean-Jules Popinot and Madame Ragon (born Popinot). He was the officerwhose portrait, painted by Latour, adorned the walls of Madame Ragon'sparlor, during the Restoration, at her home in the QuartierSaint-Sulpice, Paris. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

POPINOT (Jean-Jules), son of the preceding, brother of Madame Ragon, and husband of Mademoiselle Bianchon--of Sancerre--embraced theprofession of law, but did not attain promptly the rank which hispowers and integrity deserved. Jean-Jules Popinot remained for a longtime a judge of a lower court in Paris. He took a deep interest in thefate of the young orphan Anselme Popinot, his nephew, and a clerk ofCesar Birotteau; and was invited with Madame Jean-Jules Popinot to theperfumer's famous ball, on Sunday, December 17, 1818. Nearly eighteenmonths later, Jean-Jules Popinot once more saw Anselme, who was set upas a druggist on the rue des Cinq-Diamants, and met Felix Gaudissart, the commercial-traveler, and tried to excuse certain imprudentutterances of his on the political situation, that had been reportedby Canquoelle-Peyrade, the police-agent. [Cesar Birotteau. ] Threeyears later he lost his wife, who had brought him, for dowry, anincome of six thousand francs, representing exactly twice his personalassets. Living from this time at the rue de Fouarre, Popinot was ableto give free rein to the exercise of charity, a virtue that had becomea passion with him. At the urgent instance of Octave de Bauvan, Jean-Jules Popinot, in order to aid Honorine, the Count's wife, senther a pretended commission-merchant, probably Felix Gaudissart, offering a more than generous price for the flowers she made. [Honorine. ] Jean-Jules Popinot eventually established a sort ofbenevolent agency. Lavienne, his servant, and Horace Bianchon, hiswife's nephew aided him. He relieved Madame Toupinet, a poor woman onthe rue du Petit-Banquier, from want (1828). Madame d'Espard's requestfor a guardian for her husband served to divert Popinot from his roleof Saint Vincent de Paul; a man of rare delicacy hidden beneath a roughand uncultured exterior, he immediately discovered the injustice of thewrongs alleged by the marchioness, and recognized the real victim inM. D'Espard, when he cross-questioned him at No. 22 rue de laMontagne-Sainte-Genevieve, in an apartment, the good management ofwhich he seemed to envy, though the rooms were simply furnished, andin striking contrast with the splendor of which he had been a witness, at the home of the marchioness in the Faubourg Saint-Honore. A delaycaused by a cold in the head, and especially the influence of Madamed'Espard's intrigues, removed Popinot from the cause, in which Camusotwas substituted. [The Commission in Lunacy. ] We have varying accountsof Jean-Jules Popinot's last years. Madame de la Chanterie's circlemourned the death of the judge in 1833 [The Seamy Side of History. ]and Phellion in 1840. J. -J. Popinot probably died at No. 22 rue de laMontagne-Saint-Genevieve, in the apartment that he had alreadycoveted, being a counselor to the court, municipal counselor of Paris, and a member of the General Council of the Seine. [The MiddleClasses. ]

POPINOT (Anselme), a poor orphan, and nephew of the preceding and ofMadame Ragon (born Popinot), who took charge of him in his infancy. Small of stature, red-haired, and lame, he gladly became clerk toCesar Birotteau, the Paris perfumer of the Reine des Roses, thesuccessor of Ragon, with whom he did a great deal of work, in order tobe able to show appreciation for the favor shown a part of his family, that was well-nigh ruined as a result of some bad investments (theWortschin mines, 1818-19). Anselme Popinot, being secretly in lovewith Cesarine Birotteau, his employer's daughter--the feeling beingreciprocated, moreover--brought about, so far as his means allowed, the rehabilitation of Cesar, thanks to the profits of his drugbusiness, established on the rue des Cinq-Diamants, between 1819 and1820. The beginning of his great fortune and of his domestic happinessdated from this time. [Cesar Birotteau. ] After Birotteau's death, about 1822, Popinot married Mademoiselle Birotteau, by whom he hadthree children, two sons and a daughter. The consequences of theRevolution of 1830 brought Anselme Popinot in the way of power andhonors; he was twice deputy after the beginning of Louis Philippe'sreign, and was also minister of commerce. [Gaudissart the Great. ]Anselme Popinot, twice secretary of state, had finally been made acount, and a peer of France. He owned a mansion on the rue Basse duRempart. In 1834 he rewarded Felix Gaudissart for services formerlyrendered on the rue des Cinq-Diamants, and entrusted to him themanagement of a boulevard theatre, where the opera, the drama, thefairy spectacle, and the ballet took turn and turn. [Cousin Pons. ]Four years later the Comte Popinot, again minister of commerce andagriculture, a lover of the arts and one who gladly acted the part ofthe refined Maecenas, bought for two thousand francs a copy ofSteinbock's "Groupe de Samson" and stipulated that the mould should bedestroyed that there might be only two copies, his own and the onebelonging to Mademoiselle Hortense Hulot, the artist's fiancee. WhenWenceslas married Mademoiselle Hulot, Popinot and Eugene de Rastignacwere the Pole's witnesses. [Cousin Betty. ]

POPINOT (Madame Anselme), wife of the preceding, born CesarineBirotteau, in 1801. Beautiful and attractive though, at one time, almost promised to Alexandre Crottat, she married, about 1822, AnselmePopinot, whom she loved and by whom she was loved. [Cesar Biroteau. ]After her marriage, though in the midst of splendor, she remained thesimple, open, and even artless character that she was in the modestdays of her youth. [*] The transformation of the dancer Claudine duBruel, the whilom Tullia of the Royal Academy of Music, to a moralbourgeois matron, surprised Madame Anselme, who became intimate withher. [A Prince of Bohemia. ] The Comtesse Popinot rendered aid, in adelicate way, in 1841, to Adeline Hulot d'Ervy. Her influence withthat of Mesdames de Rastignac, de Navarreins, d'Espard, de Grandlieu, de Carigliano, de Lenoncourt, and de la Bastie, procured Adeline'sappointment as salaried inspector of charities. [Cousin Betty. ] Threeyears later when one of her three children married MademoiselleCamusot de Marville, Madame Popinot, although she appeared at the mostexclusive social gatherings, imitated modest Anselme, and, unlikeAmelie Camusot, received Pons, a tenant of her maternal great-uncle, C. -J. Pillerault. [Cousin Pons. ]

[*] In 1838, the little theatre Pantheon, destroyed in 1846, gave a vaudeville play, by M. Eugene Cormon, entitled "Cesar Birotteau, " of which Madame Anselme Popinot was one of the heroines. 

POPINOT (Vicomte), the eldest of the three children of the precedingcouple, married, in 1845, Cecile Camusot de Marville. [Cousin Pons. ]During the course of the year 1846, he questioned Victorin Hulot aboutthe remarkable second marriage of Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, which wassolemnized on the first of February of that year. [Cousin Betty. ]

POPINOT (Vicomtesse), wife of the preceding; born Cecile Camusot in1821, before the name Marville was added to Camusot through theacquisition of a Norman estate. Red-haired and insignificant looking, but very pretentious, she persecuted her distant kinsman Pons, fromwhom she afterwards inherited; from lack of sufficient fortune shefailed of more than one marriage, and was treated with scorn by thewealthy Frederic Brunner, especially because of her being an onlydaughter and the spoiled child. [Cousin Pons. ]

POPINOT-CHANDIER (Madame and Mademoiselle), mother and daughter; ofthe family of Madame Boirouge; hailing from Sancerre; frequentvisitors of Madame de la Baudraye, whose superiority of manner theyridiculed in genuine bourgeois fashion. [The Muse of the Department. ]

PORCHON. (See Vidal. )

PORRABERIL (Euphemie). (See San-Real, Marquise de. )

PORRIQUET, an elderly student of the classics, was teacher of Raphaelde Valentin, whom he had as a pupil in the sixth class, in the thirdclass, and in rhetoric. Retired from the university without a pensionafter the Revolution of July, on suspicion of Carlism, seventy yearsof age, without means, and with a nephew whose expenses he was payingat the seminary of Saint-Sulpice, he went to solicit the aid of hisdear "foster-child, " to obtain the position of principal of aprovincial school, and suffered rough treatment at the hands of the_carus alumnus_, every act of whose shortened Valentin's existence. [The Magic Skin. ]

PORTA (Luigi), born in 1793, strikingly like his sister Nina. He wasthe last member that remained, at the beginning of the nineteenthcentury, of the Corsican family of Porta, by reason of a bloodyvendetta between his kinspeople and the Piombos. Luigi Porta alone wassaved, by Elisa Vanni, according to Giacomo; he lived at Genoa, wherehe enlisted, and found himself, when quite young, in the affair of theBeresina. Under the Restoration he was already an officer of highrank; he put an end to his military career and was hunted by theauthorities at the same time as Labedoyere. Luiga Porta found Paris asafe place of refuge. Servin, the Bonapartist painter, who had openeda studio of drawing, where he taught his art to young ladies, concealed the officer. One of his pupils, Ginevra di Piombo, discovered the outlaw's hiding-place, aided him, fell in love withhim, made him fall in love with her, and married him, despite theopposition of her father, Bartolomeo di Piombo. Luigi Porta chose as awitness, when he was married, his former comrade, Louis Vergniaud, also known to Hyacinthe Chabert. He lived from hand to mouth by doingsecretary's work, lost his wife, and, crushed by poverty, went to tellthe Piombos of her death. He died almost immediately after her (1820). [The Vendetta. ]

PORTA (Madame Luigi), wife of the preceding, born Ginevra di Piomboabout 1790; shared, in Corsica as in Paris, the stormy life of herfather and mother, whose adored child she was. In Servin's, thepainter's studio, where with her talent she shone above the wholeclass, Ginevra knew Mesdames Tiphaine and Camusot de Marville, at thattime Mesdemoiselles Roguin and Thirion. Defended by Laure alone, sheendured the cruelly planned persecution of Amelie Thirion, a Royalist, and an envious woman, especially when the favorite drawing pupildiscovered and aided Luigi Porta, whom she married shortly afterwards, against the will of Bartolomeo di Piombo. Madame Porta lived mostwretchedly; she resorted to Magus to dispose of copies of paintings ata meagre price; brought a son into the world, Barthelemy; could notnurse him, lost him, and died of grief and exhaustion in the year1820. [The Vendetta. ]

PORTAIL (Du), name assumed by Corentin, when as "prefect of secretpolice of diplomacy and political affairs, " he lived on the rueHonore-Chevalier, in the reign of Louis Philippe. [The GovernmentClerks. ]

PORTENDUERE (Comte Luc-Savinien de), grandson of Admiral dePortenduere, born about 1788, represented the elder branch of thePortendueres, of whom Madame de Portenduere and her son Savinienrepresented the younger branch. Under the Restoration, being thehusband of a rich wife, the father of three children and member forIsere, he lived, according to the season of the year, in the chateauof Portenduere or the Portenduere mansion, which were situated, theone in Dauphine, and the other in Paris, and extended no aid to theVicomte Savinien, though he was harassed by his creditors. [UrsuleMirouet. ]

PORTENDUERE (Madame de, ) born Kergarouet, a Breton, proud of her nobledescent and of her race. She married a post-captain, nephew of thefamous Admiral de Portenduere, the rival of the Suffrens, theKergarouets, and the Simeuses; bore him a son, Savinien; she survivedher husband; was on intimate terms with the Rouvres, her countryneighbors; for, having but little means, she lived, during theRestoration, in the little village of Nemours, on the rue desBourgeois, where Denis Minoret was domiciled. Savinien's prodigaldissipation and the long opposition to his marriage to Ursule Mirouetsaddened, or at least distrubed, Madame de Portenduere's last days. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

PORTENDUERE (Vicomte Savinien de), son of preceding, born in 1806;cousin of the Comte de Portenduere, who was descended from the famousadmiral of this name, and great nephew of Vice-Admiral Kergarouet. During the Restoration he left the little town of Nemours and hismother's society to go and try the life in Paris, where, in spite ofhis relationship with the Fontaines, he fell in love with Emilie deFontaine, who did not reciprocate his love, but married first Admiralde Kergarouet, and afterwards the Marquis de Vandenesse. [The Ball atSceaux. ] Savinien also became enamored of Leontine de Serizy; was onintimate terms with Marsay, Rastignac, Rubempre, Maxime de Trailles, Blondet and Finot; soon lost a considerable sum of money, and, ladenwith debts, became a boarder at Sainte-Pelagie; he then receivedMarsay, Rastignac and Rubempre, the latter wishing to relieve hisdistress, much to the amusement of Florine, afterwards Madame Nathan. [Secrets from a Courtesan's Life. ] Urged by Ursule Mirouet, his ward, Denis Minoret, who was one of Savinien's neighbors at Nemours, raisedthe sum necessary to liquidate young Portenduere's debt, and freed himof its burden. The viscount enlisted in the marine service, andretired with the rank and insignia of an ensign, two years after theRevolution of July, and five years before being able to marry UrsuleMirouet. [Ursule Mirouet. ] The Vicomte and Vicomtesse de Portendueremade a charming couple, recalling two other happy families of Paris, the Langinskis and the Ernest de la Basties. In 1840 they lived on theRue Saint-Peres, became the intimate friends of the Calyste duGuenics, and shared their box at the Italiens. [Beatrix. ]

PORTENDUERE (Vicomtesse Savinien de), wife of the preceding, born in1814. The orphan daughter of an unfortunate artist, Joseph Mirouet, the military musician, and Dinah Grollman, a German; naturalgranddaughter of Valentine Mirouet, the famous harpsichordist, andconsequently niece of the rich Dr. Denis Minoret; she was adopted bythe last named, and became his ward, so much the more adored as, inappearance and character, she recalled Madame Denis Minoret, deceased. Ursule's girlhood and youth, passed at Nemours, were markedalternately by joy and bitterness. Her guardian's servants, as well ashis intimate friends, overwhelmed her with indications of interest. Adistinguished performer, the future viscountess received lessons inharmony from Schmucke, the pianist, who was summoned from Paris. Beingof a religious nature, she converted Denis Minoret, who was anadherent of Voltaire's teachings; but the influence she acquired overhim called forth against the young girl the fierce animosity ofMinoret-Levrault, Massin, Cremiere, Dionis and Goupil, who, foreseeingthat she would be the doctor's residuary legatee, abused her, slandered her, and persecuted her most cruelly. Ursule was alsoscornfully treated by Madame de Portenduere, with whose son, Savinien, she was in love. Later, the relenting of Minoret-Levrault and Goupil, shown in various ways, and her marriage to the Vicomte de Portenduere, at last approved by his mother, offered Ursule some consolation forthe loss of Denis Minoret. [Ursule Mirouet. ] Paris adopted her, andmade much of her; she made a glorious success in society as a singer. [Another Study of Woman. ] Amid her own great happiness, theviscountess showed herself the devoted friend, in 1840, of MadameCalyste du Guenic, just after her confinement, who was almost dying ofgrief over the treachery of her husband. [Beatrix. ]

POSTEL was pupil and clerk of Chardon the druggist of L'Houmeau, asuburb of Angouleme; succeeded Chardon after his death; was kind tohis former patron's unfortunate family; desired, but without success, to marry Eve, who was afterwards Madame David Sechard, and became thehusband of Leonie Marron, by whom he had several sickly children. [Lost Illusions. ]

POSTEL (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Leonie Marron, daughterof Doctor Marron, a practitioner in Marsac (Charente); throughjealousy she was disagreeable to the beautiful Madame Sechard; throughcupidity she fawned upon the Abbe Marron, from whom she hoped toinherit. [Lost Illusions. ]

POTASSE, sobriquet of the Protez family, manufacturers of chemicals, as associates of Cochin; known by Minard, Phellion, Thuiller andColleville, types of Parisians of the middle class, about 1840. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

POTEL, former officer of the Imperial forces, retired, during theRestoration, to Issoudun, with Captain Renard; he took sides withMaxence Gilet against the officers, Mignonnet and Carpentier, declaredenemies of the chief of the "Knights of Idlesse. " [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

POULAIN (Madame), born in 1778. She married a trousers-maker, who diedin very reduced circumstances; for from the sale of his business shereceived only about eleven hundred francs for income. She lived then, for twenty years, on work which some fellow-countrymen of the latePoulain gave to her, and the meagre profits of which afforded her theopportunity of starting in a professional career her son, the futurephysician, whom she dreamed of seeing gain a rich marriage settlement. Madame Poulain, though deprived of an education, was very tactful, andshe was in the habit of retiring when patients came to consult herson. This she did when Madame Cibot called at the office on rued'Orleans, late in 1844 or early in 1845. [Cousin Pons. ]

POULAIN (Doctor), born about 1805, friendless and without fortune;strove in vain to gain the patronage of the Paris "four hundred" after1835. He kept constantly near him his mother, widow of atrousers-maker. As a poor neighborhood physician he afterwards livedwith his mother on rue d'Orleans at the Marais. He became acquaintedwith Madame Cibot, door-keeper at a house on rue de Normandie, theproprietor of which, C. -J. Pillerault, uncle of the Popinots andordinarily under Horace Bianchon's treatment, he cured. By MadameCibot, Poulain was called also to attend Pons in a case ofinflammation of the liver. Aided by his friend Fraisier, he arrangedmatters to suit the Camusots de Marville, the rightful heirs of themusician. Such a service had its reward. In 1845, following the deathof Pons, and that of his residuary legatee, Schmucke, soon after, Poulain was given an appointment in the Quinze-Vingts hospital as headphysician of this great infirmary. [Cousin Pons. ]

POUPART, or Poupard, from Arcis-sur-Aube, husband of Gothard's sister;one of the heroes of the Simeuse affair; proprietor of the Mulettavern. Being devoted to the interest of the Cadignans, theCinq-Cygnes and the Hauterserres, in 1839, during the electoralcampaign, he gave lodging to Maxime de Trailles, a government envoy, and to Paradis, the count's servant. [The Member for Arcis. ]

POUTIN, colonel of the Second lancers, an acquaintance of MarechalCottin, minister of war in 1841, to whom he told that many yearsbefore this one of his men at Severne, having stolen money to buy hismistress a shawl, repented of his deed and ate broken glass so as toescape dishonor. The Prince of Wissembourg told this story to Hulotd'Ervy, while upbraiding him for his dishonesty. [Cousin Betty. ]

PRELARD (Madame), born in 1808, pretty, at first mistress of theassassin Auguste, who was executed. She remained constantly in theclutches of Jacques Collin, and was married by Jacqueline Collin, auntof the pseudo-Herrera, to the head of a Paris hardware-house on Quaiaux Fleurs, the Bouclier d'Achille. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

PREVOST (Madame), well-known florist, whose store still remains in thePalais-Royal. Early in 1830, Frederic de Nucingen bought a ten louisbouquet there for Esther van Gobseck. [Scenes from a Courtesan'sLife. ]

PRIEUR (Madame), laundress at Angouleme, for whom MademoiselleChardon, afterwards Madame David Sechard, worked. [Lost Illusions. ]

PRON (Monsieur and Madame), both teachers. M. Pron taught rhetoric in1840 at a college in Paris directed by priests. Madame Pron, bornBarniol, and therefore sister-in-law of Madame Barniol-Phellion, succeeded Mesdemoiselles La Grave, about the same time, as director oftheir young ladies' boarding-school. M. And Madame Pron lived in theQuartier Saint-Jacques, and frequently visited the Thuilliers. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

PROTEZ AND CHIFFREVILLE, manufactured chemicals; sold a hundredthousand francs' worth to the inventor, Balthazar Claes, about 1812. [The Quest of the Absolute. ] On account of their friendly relationswith Cochin, of the Treasury, all the Protezes and the Chiffrevilleswere invited to the celebrated ball given by Cesar Birotteau, Sunday, December 17, 1818, on rue Saint Honore. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

PROUST, clerk to Maitre Bordin, a Paris attorney, in November, 1806;this fact became known a few years later by Godeschal, Oscar Hussonand Marest, when they reviewed the books of the attorneys who had beenemployed in Bordin's office. [A Start in Life. ]

PROVENCAL (Le), born in 1777, undoubtedly in the vicinity of Arles. Acommon soldier during the wars at the close of the eighteenth century, he took part in the expedition of General Desaix into upper Egypt. Having been taken prisoner by the Maugrabins he escaped only to losehimself in the desert, where he found nothing to eat but dates. Reduced to the dangerous friendship of a female panther, he tamed her, singularly enough, first by his thoughtless caresses, afterwards bypremeditation. He ironically named her Mignonne, as he had previouslycalled Virginie, one of his mistresses. Le Provencal finally killedhis pet, not without regret, having been moved to great terror by thewild animal's fierce love. About the same time the soldier wasdiscoverd by some of his own company. Thirty years afterwards, an agedruin of the Imperial wars, his right leg gone, he was one day visitingthe menagerie of Martin the trainer, and recalled his adventure forthe delectation of the young spectator. [A Passion in the Desert. ]

 Q

QUELUS (Abbe), priest of Tours or of its vicinity, called frequentlyon the Chessels, neighbors of the Mortsaufs, at the beginning of thecentury. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

QUEVERDO, faithful steward of the immense domain of Baron de Macumer, in Sardinia. After the defeat of the Liberals in Spain, in 1823, hewas told to look out for his master's safety. Some fishers for coralagreed to pick him up on the coast of Andalusia and set him off atMacumer. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

QUILLET (Francois), office-boy employed by Raoul Nathan's journal onrue Feydau, Paris, 1835. He aided his employer by lending him the nameof Francois Quillet. Raoul, in great despair, while occupying afurnished room on rue du Mail, threw several creditors off his trackby the use of this assumed name. [A Daughter of Eve. ]

 R

RABOUILLEUSE (La), name assumed by Flore Brazier, who became in turnMadame Jean-Jacques Rouget and Madame Philippe Bridau. (See this lastname. )

RABOURDIN (Xavier), born in 1784; his father was unknown to him. Hismother, a beautiful and fastidious woman, who lived in luxury, lefthim a penniless orphan of sixteen. At this time he left the LyceeNapoleon and became a super-numerary clerk in the Treasury Department. He was soon promoted, becoming second head clerk at twenty-two andhead clerk at twenty-five. An unknown, but influential friend, wasresponsible for this progress, and also gave him an introduction intothe home of M. Leprince, a wealthy widower, who had formerly been anauctioneer. Rabourdin met, loved and married this man's only daughter. Beginning with this time, when his influential friend probably died, Rabourdin saw the end of his own rapid progress. Despite his faithful, intelligent efforts, he occupied at forty the same position. In 1824the death of M. Flamet de la Billardiere left open the place ofdivision chief. This office, to which Rabourdin had long aspired, wasgiven to the incapable Baudoyer, who had been at the head of a bureau, through the influence of money and the Church. Disgusted, Rabourdinsent in his resignation. He had been responsible for a ratherremarkable plan for executive and social reform, and this possiblycontributed to his overthrow. During his career as a ministerRabourdin lived on rue Duphot. He had by his wife two children, Charles, born in 1815, and a daughter, born two years later. About1830 Rabourdin paid a visit to the Bureau of Finances, where he sawonce more his former pages, nephews of Antoine, who had retired fromservice by that time. From these he learned that Colleville andBaudoyer were tax-collectors in Paris. [The Government Clerks. ] Underthe Empire he was a guest at the evening receptions given by M. Guillaume, the cloth-dealer of rue Saint-Denis. [At the Sign of theCat and Racket. ] Later he and his wife were invited to attend thefamous ball tendered by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818. [CesarBirotteau. ] In 1840, being still a widower, Rabourdin was one of thedirectors of a proposed railway. At this time he began to lodge in ahouse on the Place de la Madeleine, which had been recently bought bythe Thuilliers, whom he had known in the Bureau of Finance. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

RABOURDIN (Madame), born Celestine Leprince, in 1796; beautiful, talland of good figure; reared by an artistic mother; a painter and a goodmusician; spoke many tongues and even had some knowledge of science. She was married when very young through the instrumentality of herfather, who was then a widower. Her reception-rooms were not open toJean-Jacques Bixiou, but she was frequently visited by the poetCanalis, the painter Schinner, Doctor Bianchon, who was especiallyfond of her company; Lucien de Rubempre, Octave de Camps, the Comte deGranville, the Vicomte de Fontaine, F. Du Bruel, Andoche Finot, Derville, Chatelet, then deputy; Ferdinand du Tillet, Paul deMannerville, and the Vicomte de Portenduere. A rival, MadameColleville, had dubbed Madame Rabourdin "The Celimene of rue Duphot. "Having been over-indulged by her mother, Celestine Leprince thoughtherself entitled to a man of high rank. Consequently, although M. Rabourdin pleased her, she hesitated at first about marrying him, asshe did not consider him of high enough station. This did not preventher loving him sincerely. Although she was very extravagant, sheremained always strictly faithful to him. By listening to the demandsof Chardin des Lupeaulx, secretary-general in the Department ofFinance, who was in love with her, she might have obtained for herhusband the position of division chief. Madame Rabourdin's receptiondays were Wednesdays and Fridays. She died in 1840. [The Commission inLunacy. The Government Clerks. ]

RABOURDIN (Charles), law-student, son of the preceding couple, born in1815, lived from 1836 to 1838 in a house on rue Corneille, Paris. There he became acquainted with Z. Marcas, helped him in his distress, attended him on his death-bed, and, with Justi, a medical student, ashis only companion, followed the body of this great, but unknown manto the beggar's grave in Montparnasse cemetery. After having told somefriends the short, but pitiful story of Z. Marcas, Charles Rabourdin, following the advice of the deceased, left the country, and sailedfrom Havre for the Malayan islands; for he had not been able to gain afoothold in France. [Z. Marcas. ]

RACQUETS (Des). (See Raquets, des. )

RAGON born about 1748; a perfumer on rue Saint-Honore, betweenSaint-Roche and rue des Frondeurs, Paris, towards the close of theeighteenth century; small man, hardly five feet tall, with a face likea nut-cracker, self-important and known for his gallantry. He wassucceeded in his business, the "Reine des Roses, " by his chief clerk, Cesar Birotteau, after the eighteenth Brumaire. As a former perfumerto Her Majesty Queen Marie-Antoinette, M. Ragon always showed Royalistzeal, and, under the Republic, the Vendeans used him to communicatebetween the princes and the Royalist committee of Paris. He receivedat that time the Abbe de Marolles, to whom he pointed out and revealedthe person of Louis XVI. 's executioner. In 1818, being a loser in theNucingen speculation in Wortschin mining stock, Ragon lived with hiswife in an apartment on rue du Petit-Bourbon-Saint-Sulpice. [CesarBirotteau. An Episode under the Terror. ]

RAGON (Madame), born Popinot; sister of Judge Popinot, wife of thepreceding, being very nearly the same age as her husband, was in 1818"a tall slender woman of wrinkled face, sharp nose, thin lips, and theartificial manner of a marchioness of the old line. " [CesarBirotteau. ]

RAGOULLEAU[*] (Jean-Antoine), a Parisian lawyer, whose signature thewidow Morin tried to extort. She also attempted his assassination, andwas condemned, January 11, 1812, on the evidence of a number ofwitnesses, among others that of Poiret, to twenty years of hard labor. [Father Goriot. ]

[*] The real spelling of the name, as shown by some authentic papers, is Ragouleau. 

RAGUET, working boy in the establishment of Cesar Birotteau, theperfumer, in 1818. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

RAPARLIER, a Douai notary; drew up marriage contracts in 1825 forMarguerite Claes and Emmanuel de Solis, for Felicie Claes and Pierquinthe notary, and for Gabriel Claes and Mademoiselle Conyncks. [TheQuest for the Absolute. ]

RAPARLIER, a Douai auctioneer, under the Restoration; nephew of thepreceding; took an inventory at the Claes house after the death ofMadame Balthazar Claes in 1816. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

RAPP, French general, born at Colmar in 1772; died in 1821. Asaide-de-camp of the First Consul, Bonaparte, he found himself one dayin October serving near his chief at the Tuileries, when theproscribed Corsican, Bartolomeo de Piombo, came up rather unexpectedly. Rapp, who was suspicious of this man, as he was of all Corsicians, wished to stay at Bonaparte's side during the interview, but the Consulgood-naturedly sent him away. [The Vendetta. ] On October 13, 1806, theday before the battle of Jena, Rapp had just made an important reportto the Emperor at the moment when Napoleon was receiving on the nextday's battlefield Mademoiselle Laurence de Cinq-Cygne and M. DeChargeboeuf, who had come from France to ask for the pardon of the twoHauteserres and the two Simeuses, people affected by the politicalsuit and condemned to hard labor. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

RAQUETS (Des), lived at Douai, of Flemish descent, and devoted to thetraditions and customs of his province; very wealthy uncle of thenotary Pierquin, his only heir, who received his inheritance towardsthe close of the Restoration. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

RASTIGNAC (Chevalier de), great-uncle of Eugene de Rastignac; asvice-admiral was commander of the "Vengeur" before 1789, and losthis entire fortune in the service of the king, as the revolutionarygovernment did not wish to satisfy his demands in the adjusting of theCompagnie des Indes affairs. [Father Goriot. ]

RASTIGNAC (Baron and Baronne de) had, near Ruffec, Charente, anestate, where they lived in the latter part of the eighteenth and thebeginning of the nineteenth centuries, and where were born to themfive children: Eugene, Laure-Rose, Agathe, Gabriel and Henri. Theywere poor, and lived in close retirement, keeping a dignified silence, and like their neighbours, the Marquis and Marquise de Pimentel, exercised, through their connection with court circles, a stronginfluence over the entire province, being invited at various times tothe home of Madame de Bargeton, at Angouleme, where they met Lucien deRubempre and were able to understand him. [Father Goriot. LostIllusions. ]

RASTIGNAC (Eugene de), [*] eldest son of the Baron and Baronne deRastignac, born at Rastignac near Ruffec in 1797. He came to Paris in1819 to study law; lived at first on the third floor of the Vauquerlodging-house, rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, having then someassociation with Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, who was especiallyinterested in him and wanted him to marry Victorine Taillefer. Rastignac became the lover of Madame de Nucingen, second daughter ofJoachim Goriot, an old vermicelli-maker, and in February, 1820, livedon rue d'Artois in pretty apartments, rented and furnished by thefather of his mistress. Goriot died in his arms. The servant, Christophe, and Rastignac were the only attendants in the good man'sfuneral procession. At the Vauquer lodging-house he was intimate withHorace Bianchon, a medical student. [Father Goriot. ] In 1821, at theOpera, young Rastignac made fun for the occupants of two boxes overthe provincialisms of Madame de Bargeton and Lucien de Rubempre, "young Chardon. " This led Madame d'Espard to leave the theatre withher relative, thus publicly and in a cowardly way abandoning thedistinguished provincial. Some months later Rastignac sought the favorof this same Lucien de Rubempre, who was by that time an influentialcitizen. He agreed to act with Marsay as the poet's witness in theduel which he fought with Michel Chrestien, in regard to Danield'Arthez. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] At the lastmasquerade ball of 1824 Rastignac found Rubempre, who had disappearedfrom Paris some time before. Vautrin, recalling his memories of theVauquer lodging-house, urged him authoritatively to treat Lucien as afriend. Shortly after, Rastignac became a frequenter of the sumptuousmansion furnished by Nucingen for Esther van Gobseck on rueSaint-Georges. Rastignac was present at Lucien de Rubempre's funeralin May, 1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] About the same timethe Comte de Fontaine asked his daughter Emilie what she thought ofRastignac--among several others--as a possible husband for her. Butknowing the relations of this youthful aspirant with Madame deNucingen, she saved herself by replying maliciously. [The Ball atSceaux. ] In 1828 Rastignac sought to become Madame d'Espard's lover, but was restrained by his friend, Doctor Bianchon. [The Interdiction. ]During the same year Rastignac was treated slightingly by Madame deListomere, because he asked her to return a letter, which throughmistake had been sent to her, but which he had meant for Madame deNucingen. [A Study of Woman. ] After the Revolution of July he was aguest at Mademoiselle des Touches's evening party, where Marsay toldthe story of his first love. [Another Study of Woman. ] At this timehe was intimate with Raphael de Valentin, and expected to marry anAlsatian. [The Magic Skin. ] In 1832, Rastignac, having been appointeda baron, was under-secretary of state in the department of which Marsaywas the minister. [The Secrets of a Princess. ] In 1833-34, hevolunteered as nurse at the bedside of the dying minister, in the hopeof being remembered in his will. One evening about this same time hetook Raoul Nathan and Emile Blondet, whom he had met in society, tosupper with him at Very's. He then advised Nathan to profit by theadvances made him by the Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse. [A Daughter ofEve. ] In 1833, at the Princesse de Cadignan's home, in the presence ofthe Marquise d'Espard, the old Ducs de Lenoncourt and de Navarreins, the Comte and the Comtesse de Vandenesse, D'Arthez, two ambassadors, and two well-known orators of the Chamber of Peers, Rastignac heardhis minister reveal the secrets of the abduction of Senator Malin, anaffair which took place in 1806. [The Gondreville Mystery. ] In 1836, having become enriched by the third Nucingen failure, in which he wasmore or less a willing accomplice, he became possessed of an income offorty thousand francs. [The Firm of Nucingen. ] In 1838 he attended theopening reception given at Josepha's mansion on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. He was also witness at Hortense Hulot's marriage to Wenceslas Steinbock. He married Augusta de Nucingen, daughter of Delphine de Nucingen, hisformer mistress, whom he had quitted five years previously. In 1839, Rastignac, minister once more, and this time of public works, was madecount almost in spite of himself. In 1845 he was, moreover, made apeer. He had then an income of 300, 000 francs. He was in the habit ofsaying: "There is no absolute virtue, all things are dependent oncircumstances. " [Cousin Betty. The Member for Arcis. The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

[*] In a recent publication of Monsieur S. De Lovenjoul, he speaks of a recent abridged biography of Eugene de Rastignac. 

RASTIGNAC (Laure-Rose and Agathe de), [*] sisters of Eugene deRastignac; second and third children of the Baron and Baronne deRastignac; Laure, the elder, born in 1801; Agathe, the second, born in1802; both were reared unostentatiously in the Rastignac chateau. In1819 they sent what they had saved by economy to their brother Eugene, then a student. Several years after, when he was wealthy and powerful, he married one of them to Martial de la Roche-Hugon, the other to aminister. In 1821, Laure, with her father and mother, was present at areception of M. De Bargeton's, where she admired Lucien de Rubempre. [Father Goriot. Lost Illusions. ] Madame de la Roche-Hugon in 1839 tookher several daughters to a children's dance at Madame de l'Estorade'sin Paris. [The Member for Arcis. ]

[*] The Mesdemoiselles de Rastignac are here placed together under their maiden name, as it is not known which one married Martial de la Roche-Hugon. 

RASTIGNAC (Monseigneur Gabriel de), brother of Eugene de Rastignac;one of the youngest two children of the Baron and Baronne deRastignac; was private secretary to the Bishop of Limoges towards theend of the Restoration, during the trial of Tascheron. In 1832 hebecame, when only a young man of thirty, a bishop. He was consecratedby the Archbishop Dutheil. [Father Goriot. The Country Parson. ADaughter of Eve. ]

RASTIGNAC (Henri de), the fifth child, probably of the Baron deRastignac and his wife. Nothing is known of his life. [Father Goriot. ]

RATEL, gendarme in the Orne district; in 1809, along with hisfellow-officer, Mallet, was charged with the capture of "Lady" Bryonddes Miniares, who was implicated in the affair known as the "Chauffeursde Mortagne. " He found the fugitive, but, instead of arresting her, allowed himself to be unduly influenced by her, and then protected herand let her escape. This action on his part was known to Mallet. Ratel, when imprisoned, confessed all, and committed suicide beforethe time assigned for trial. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

RAVENOUILLET, porter in Bixiou's house, at No. 112 rue Richelieu, in1845; son of a Carcassonne grocer; a steward throughout his life andowed his first position to his fellow-countryman, Massol. Ravenouillet, although uneducated was not unintelligent. According toBixiou, he was the "Providence at thirty per cent" of the seventy-onelodgers in the house, through whom he netted in the neighborhood ofsix thousand francs a month. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

RAVENOUILLET (Madame), wife of the preceding. [The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

RAVENOUILLET (Lucienne), daughter of the preceding couple, was in 1845a pupil in the Paris Conservatory of Music. [The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

REGNAULD (Baron) (1754-1829), celebrated artist, member of theInstitute. Joseph Bridau, when fourteen, was a frequent visitor at hisstudio, in 1812-1813. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

REGNAULT, former chief clerk to Maitre Roguin, a Paris notary; came toVendome in 1816 and purchased there a notaryship. He was called byMadame de Merret to her death-bed, and was made her executor. In thisposition, some years later, he urged Doctor Bianchon to respect one ofthe last wishes of the deceased by discontinuing his promenades in theGrande Breteche garden, as she had wished this property to remainentirely unused for half a century. Maitre Regnault married a wealthycousin of Vendome. Regnault was tall and slender, with slopingforehead, small pointed head and wan complexion. He frequently usedthe expression, "One moment. " [La Grande Breteche. ]

REGNIER (Claude-Antoine), Duc de Massa, born in 1746, died 1814; anadvocate, and afterwards deputy to the Constituency; was high justice--justice of the peace--during the celebrated trial of the Simeusesand Hauteserres, accused of the abduction of Senator Malin. He noticedthe talent displayed by Granville for the defendants, and a littlelater, having met him at Archchancelor Cambaceres's house, he took theyoung barrister into his own carriage, setting him down on the Quaides Augustins, at the young man's door, after giving him somepractical advice and assuring him of his protection. [The GondrevilleMystery. A Second Home. ]

REMONENCQ, an Auvergnat, dealer in old iron, established on rue deNormandie, in the house in which Pons and Schmucke lived, and wherethe Cibots were porters. Remonencq, who had come to Paris with theintention of being a porter, ran errands between 1825 and 1831 for thedealers in curiosities on Boulevard Beaumarchais and the coppersmithson rue de Lappe, then opened in this same quarter a small shop forodds and ends. He lived there in sordid economy. He had been inSylvain Pons's house, and had fully recognized the great value of theaged collector's treasures. His greed urged him to crime, and heinstigated Madame Cibot in her theft at the Pons house. Afterreceiving his share of the property, he poisoned the husband of theportress, in order to marry the widow, with whom he established acuriosity shop in an excellent building on the Boulevard de laMadeleine. About 1846 he unwittingly poisoned himself with a glass ofvitriol, which he had placed near his wife. [Cousin Pons. ]

REMONENCQ (Mademoiselle), sister of the preceding, "a kind of idiotwith a vacant stare, dressed like a Japanese idol. " She was herbrother's house-keeper. [Cousin Pons. ]

REMONENCQ (Madame), born in 1796, at one time a beautiful oyster-womanof the "Cadran Bleu" in Paris; married for love the porter-tailor, Cibot, in 1828, and lived with him in the porter's lodge of a house onrue de Normandie, belonging to Claude-Joseph Pillerault. In this housethe musicians, Pons and Schmucke, lived. She busied herself for sometime with the management of the house and the cooking for these twocelibates. At first she was faithful, but finally, moved by Remonencq, and encouraged by Fontaine, the necromancer, she robbed the ill-fatedPons. Her husband having been poisoned, without her knowledge, byRemonencq, she married the second-hand dealer, now a dealer incuriosities, and proprietor of the beautiful shop on the Boulevard dela Madeleine. She survived her second husband. [Cousin Pons. ]

REMY (Jean), peasant of Arcis-sur-Aube, against whom a neighbor lost alawsuit concerning a boundary line. This neighbor, who was given todrink, used strong language in speaking against Jean Remy in a sessionof the electors who had organized in the interest ofDorlange-Sallenauve, a candidate, in the month of April, 1839. If wemay believe this neighbor, Jean Remy was a wife-beater, and had adaughter who had obtained, through the influence of a deputy, andapparently without any claim, an excellent tobacco-stand on rueMouffetard. [The Member for Arcis. ]

RENARD, former captain in the Imperial army, withdrew to Issoudunduring the Restoration; one of the officers in the Faubourg de Rome, who were hostile to the "pekins" and partisans of Maxence (Max) Gilet. Renard and Commandant Potel were seconds for Maxence in his duel withPhilippe Bridau--a duel which resulted in the former's death. [ABachelor's Establishment. ]

RENARD, regimental quartermaster in the cavalry, 1812. Althougheducated as a notary he became an under officer. He had the face of agirl and was considered a "wheedler. " He saved the life of his friend, Genestas, several times, but enticed away from him a Polish Jewess, whom he loved, married in Sarmatian fashion, and left enceinte. Whenfatally wounded in the battle against the Russians, just before thebattle of Lutzen, in his last hours, to Genestas, he acknowledgedhaving betrayed the Jewess, and begged this gentleman to marry her andclaim the child, which would soon be born. This was done by theinnocent officer. Renard was the son of a Parisian wholesale grocer, a"toothless shark, " who would not listen to anything concerning thequartermaster's offspring. [The Country Doctor. ]

RENARD (Madame). (See Genestas, Madame. )

RENARD (Adrien). (See Genestas, Adrien. )

RENE, the only servant to M. Du Bousquier of Alencon, in 1816; a sillyBreton servant, who, although very greedy, was perfectly reliable. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

RESTAUD (Comte de), a man whose sad life was first brought to thenotice of Barchou de Penhoen, a school-mate of Dufaure and Lambert;born about 1780; husband of Anastasie Goriot, by whom he was ruined;died in December, 1824, while trying to adjust matters favorably forhis eldest son, Ernest, the only one of Madame de Restaud's threechildren whom he recognized as his own. To this end he had pretendedthat, having been very extravagant, he was greatly in debt to Gobseck. He assured his son by another letter of the real condition of hisestate. M. De Restaud, was similar in appearance to the Duc deRichelieu, and had the proud manners of the statesman of thearistocratic faubourg. [Gobseck. Father Goriot. ]

RESTAUD (Comtesse Anastasie de), wife of the preceding; elder daughterof the vermicelli-maker, Jean-Joachim Goriot; a beautiful brunette ofqueenly bearing and manners. Like the fair and gentle Madame deNucingen, her sister, she showed herself severe and ungrateful towardsthe kindliest and weakest of fathers. She had three children, two boysand a girl; Ernest, the eldest, being the only legitimate one. Sheruined herself for Trailles, her lover's benefit, selling her jewelsto Gobseck and endangering her children's future. As soon as herhusband had breathed his last, in a moment anxiously awaited, she tookfrom under his pillow and burned the papers which she believedcontrary to her own interests and those of her two natural children. It thus followed that Gobseck, the fictitious creditor, gained a claimon all of the remaining property. [Gobseck. Father Goriot. ]

RESTAUD (Ernest de), eldest child of the preceding, and their onlylegitimate one, as the other two were natural children of Maxime deTrailles. In 1824, while yet a child, he received from his dyingfather instruction to hand to Derville, the attorney, a sealed packagewhich contained his will; but Madame de Restaud, by means of hermaternal authority, kept Ernest from carrying out his promise. Onattaining his majority, after his fortune had been restored to him byhis father's fictitious creditor, Gobseck, he married Camille deGrandlieu, who reciprocated his love for her. As a result of thismarriage Ernest de Restaud became connected with the Legitimists, while his brother Felix, who had almost attained the position ofminister under Louis Philippe, followed the opposite party. [Gobseck. The Member for Arcis. ]

RESTAUD (Madame Ernest de), born Camille de Grandlieu in 1813, daughter of the Vicomtesse de Grandlieu. During the first years ofLouis Philippe's reign, while very young, she fell in love with andmarried Ernest de Restaud, who was then a minor. [Gobseck. The Memberfor Arcis. ]

RESTAUD (Felix-Georges de), one of the younger children of the Comteand Comtesse de Restaud; probably a natural son of Maxime de Trailles. In 1839, Felix de Restaud was chief secretary to his cousin Eugene deRastignac, minister of public works. [Gobseck. The Member for Arcis. ]

RESTAUD (Pauline de), legal daughter of the Comte and Comtesse deRestaud, but probably the natural daughter of Maxime de Trailles. Weknow nothing of her life. [Gobseck. ]

REYBERT (De), captain in the Seventh regiment of artillery under theEmpire; born in the Messin country. During the Restoration he lived inPresles, Seine-et-Oise, with his wife and daughter, on only sixhundred francs pension. As a neighbor of Moreau, manager of the Comtede Serizy's estate, he detected the steward in some extortions, andsending his wife to the count, denounced the guilty man. He was chosenas Moreau's successor. Reybert married his daughter, withoutfurnishing her a dowry, to the wealthy farmer Leger. [A Start inLife. ]

REYBERT (Madame de), born Corroy, in Messin, wife of the preceding, and like him of noble family. Her face was pitted by small-pox untilit looked like a skimmer; her figure was tall and spare; her eyes werebright and clear; she was straight as a stick; she was a strictPuritan, and subscribed to the Courrier Francais. She paid a visit tothe Comte de Serizy, and unfolded to him Moreau's extortions, thusobtaining for her husband the stewardship of Presles. [A Start inLife. ]

RHETORE (Duc Alphonse de), eldest son of the Duc and Duchess deChaulieu, he became an ambassador in the diplomatic service. For manyyears during the Restoration he kept Claudine Chaffaroux, calledTullia, the star dancing-girl at the Opera, who married Bruel in 1824. He became acquainted with Lucien de Rubempre, both in his own circleof acquaintance and in the world of gallantry, and entertained him oneevening in his box at a first performance at the Ambigu in 1821. Hereproached his guest for having wounded Chatelet and Madame deBargeton by his newspaper satire, and at the same time, whileaddressing him continually as Chardon, he counseled the young man tobecome a Royalist, in order that Louis XVIII. Might restore to him thetitle and name of Rubempres, his maternal ancestors. The Duc deRhetore, however, disliked Lucien de Rubempre, and a little later at aperformance in the Italiens, he traduced him to Madame de Serizy, whowas really in love with the poet. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Letters of Two Brides. ] In 1835, he married the Duchesse d'Argaiolo, born the Princesse Soderini, a woman of great beauty and fortune. [Albert Savarus. ] In 1839, he had a duel with Dorlange-Sallenauve, having provoked the latter, by speaking in a loud voice, which he knewcould be easily understood, and slandering Marie Gaston, secondhusband of Dorlange's sister, Louise de Chaulieu. Dorlange waswounded. [The Member for Arcis. ]

RHETORE (Duchess de), born Francesca Soderini in 1802; a verybeautiful and wealthy Florentine; married, when very young, by herfather, to the Duc d'Argaiolo, who was also very rich and much olderthan herself. In Switzerland or Italy she became acquainted withAlbert Savarus, when, as a result of political events, she and herhusband were proscribed and deprived of their property. The Duchessed'Argaiolo and Albert Savarus loved platonically, and Francesca-likeshe promised her hand to her Francois whenever she should become awidow. In 1835, having been widowed for some time, and, as a result ofRosalie de Watteville's plots, believing herself forgotten andbetrayed by Savarus, from whom she had received no news, she gave herhand to the Duc de Rhetore, the ex-ambassador. The marriage took placein the month of May at Florence and was celebrated with much pomp. TheDuchesse d'Argaiolo is pictured under the name of the PrincesseGandolphini in "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " published in 1834 by the Revuede l'Est. Under Louis Philippe, the Duchesse de Rhetore becameacquainted with Mademoiselle de Watteville at a charity entertainment. On their second meeting, which took place at the Opera ball, Mademoiselle de Watteville revealed her own ill-doings and vindicatedSavarus. [Albert Savarus. ]

RICHARD (Veuve), a Nemours woman from whom Ursule Mirouet, afterwardsVicomtesse de Portenduere, after the death of Doctor Minoret, herguardian, purchased a house to occupy. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

RIDAL (Fulgence), dramatic author; member of the Cenacle, which heldits sessions at D'Arthez's home on rue des Quatre-Vents, during theRestoration. He disparaged Leon Giraud's beliefs, went under aRabelaisian guise, careless, lazy and skeptical, also inclined to bemelancholy and happy at the same time; nick-named by his friends the"Regimental Dog. " Fulgence Ridal and Joseph Bridau, with other membersof the Cenacle, were present at an evening party given by Madame VeuveBridau, in 1819, to celebrate the return of her son Philippe fromTexas. [A Bachelor's Establishment. A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ] In 1845, having been a vaudevillist, he was given thedirection of a theatre in association with Lousteau. He hadinfluencial government friends. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

RIFFE, copying-clerk in the Financial Bureau, who had charge of the"personnel. " [The Government Clerks. ]

RIFOOEL. (See Vissard, Chevalier du. )

RIGANSON, called Biffon, also Chanoine, constituted with La Biffe, hismistress, one of the most important couples in his class of society. When a convict he met Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, and in May, 1830, saw him once more at the Conciergerie, at the time of thejudical investigation succeeding Esther Gobseck's death. Riganson wasshort of stature, fat, and with livid skin, and an eye black andsunken. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

RIGOU (Gregoire), born in 1756; at one time a Benedictine friar. Underthe Republic he married Arsene Pichard, only heir of the rich CureNiseron. He became a money-lender; filled the office of mayor ofBlangy, Bourgogne, up to 1821, when he was succeeded by Montcornet. Onthe arrival of the general in the country Rigou endeavored to befriendly with him, but having been quickly slighted, he became one ofthe Montcornets' most dangerous enemies, along with Gaubertin, mayorof Ville-aux-Fayes, and Soudry, mayor of Soulanges. This triumviratesucceeded in arousing the peasants against the owner of Aigues, andthe local citizens having become more or less opposed to him, thegeneral sold his property, and it fell to the three associates. Rigouwas selfish, avaricious but pleasure-loving; he looked like a condor. His name was often the subject of a pun, and he was called Grigou (G. Rigou--a miserly man). "Deep as a monk, silent as a Benedictine, crafty as a priest, this man would have been a Tiberius in Rome, aRichelieu under Louis XIII. Or a Fouche under the Convention. " [ThePeasantry. ]

RIGOU (Madame), born Arsene Pichard, wife of the preceding, niece of amaid named Pichard, who was house-keeper for Cure Niseron under theRevolution, and whom she succeeded as house-keeper. She inherited, together with her aunt, some money from a wealthy priest. She wasknown while young by the name of La Belle Arsene. She had greatinfluence over the cure, although she could neither read nor write. After her marriage with Rigou, she became the old Benedictine's slave. She lost her Rubens-like freshness, her magical figure, her beautifulteeth and the lustre of her eyes when she gave birth to her daughter, who eventually became the wife of Soudry (fils). Madame Rigou quietlybore the continued infidelity of her husband, who always had prettymaids in his household. [The Peasantry. ]

RIVAUDOULT D'ARSCHOOT, of the Dulmen branch of a noted family ofGalicia or Russie-Rouge; heirs, through their grandfather, to thisfamily, and also, in default of the direct heirs, successors to thetitles. [The Thirteen. ]

RIVET (Achille), maker of lace and embroidery on rue desMauvaises-Paroles, in the old Langeais house, built by the illustriousfamily at the time when the greatest lords were clustered around theLouvre. In 1815 he succeeded the Pons Brothers, embroiderers to theCourt, and was judge in the tribunal of commerce. He employed LisbethFischer, and, despite their quarrel, rendered this spinster someservice. Achille Rivet worshiped Louis Philippe, who was to him the"noble representative of the class out of which he constructed hisdynasty. " He loved the Poles less, at the time they were preventingEuropean equilibrium. He was willing to aid Cousin Betty in the revengeagainst Wenceslas, which she once contemplated, as a result of herjealousy. [Cousin Betty. Cousin Pons. ]

ROBERT, a Paris restaurant-keeper, near Frascati. Early in 1822 hefurnished a banquet lasting nine hours, at the time of the founding ofthe Royalist journal, the "Reveil. " Theodore Gaillard and HectorMerlin, founders of the paper, Nathan and Lucien de Rubempre, Martainville, Auger, Destains and many authors who "were responsiblefor monarchy and religion, " were present. "We have enjoyed anexcellent monarchical and religious feast!" said one of the best knownromanticists as he stood on the threshold. This sentence became famousand appeared the next morning in the "Miroir. " Its repetition waswrongly attributed to Rubempre, although it had been reported by abook-seller who had been invited to the repast. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ]

ROCHEFIDE (Marquis Arthur de), one of the later nobility; marriedthrough his father's instrumentality, in 1828, Beatrix de Casteran, adescendant of the more ancient nobility. His father thought that bydoing this his son would obtain an appointment to the peerage, anhonor which he himself had vainly sought. The Comtesse de Montcornetwas interested in this marriage. Arthur de Rochefide served in theRoyal Guards. He was a handsome man, but not especially worthy. Hespent much of his time at his toilet, and it was known that he wore acorset. He was everybody's friend, as he joined in with the opinionsand extravagances of everybody. His favorite amusement washorse-racing, and he supported a journal devoted to the subject ofhorses. Having been deserted by his wife, he mourned without becomingthe object of ridicule, and passed for a "jolly, good fellow. " Maderich by the death of his father and of his elder sister, who was thewife of D'Ajuda-Pinto, he inherited, among other things, a splendidmansion on rue d'Anjou-Saint-Honore. He slept and ate there onlyoccasionally and was very happy at not having the marital obligationsand expense customary with married men. At heart he was so wellsatisfied at having been deserted by his wife, that he said to hisfriends, "I was born lucky. " For a long time he supported MadameSchontz, and then they lived together maritally. She reared hislegitimate son as carefully as though he were her own child. After 1840she married Du Ronceret, and Arthur de Rochefide was rejoined by hiswife. He soon communicated to her a peculiar disease, which MadameSchontz, angered at having been abandoned, had given to him, as wellas to Baron Calyste du Guenic. [Beatrix. ] In 1838, Rochefide waspresent at the house-warming given by Josepha in her mansion on rue dela Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty. ]

ROCHEFIDE (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, younger daughter ofthe Marquis de Casteran; born Beatrix-Maximilienne-Rose de Casteran, about 1808, in the Casteran Castle, department of Orne. After beingreared there she became the wife of the Marquis of Rochefide in 1828. She was fair of skin, but a flighty vain coquette, without heart orbrains--a second Madame d'Espard, except for her lack of intelligence. About 1832 she left her husband to flee into Italy with the musician, Gennaro Conti, whom she took from her friend, Mademoiselle desTouches. Finally she allowed Calyste du Guenic to pay her court. Shehad met him also at her friend's house, and at first resisted theyoung man. Afterwards, when he was married, she abandoned herself tohim. This liaison filled Madame du Guenic with despair, but was endedafter 1840 by the crafty manoeuvres of the Abbe Brossette. Madame deRochefide then rejoined her husband in the elegant mansion on rued'Anjou-Saint-Honore, but not until she had retired with him toNogent-sur-Marne, to care for her health which had been injured duringthe resumption of marital relations. Before this reconciliation shelived in Paris on rue de Chartres-du-Roule, near Monceau Park. TheMarquise de Rochefide had, by her husband, a son, who was for sometime under the care of Madame Schontz. [Beatrix. The Secrets of aPrincess. ] In 1834, in the presence of Madame Felix de Vandenesse, then in love with the poet Nathan, the Marquise Charles de Vandenesse, sister-in-law of Madame Felix, Lady Dudley, Mademoiselle des Touches, the Marquise d'Espard, Madame Moina de Saint Hereen and Madame deRochefide expressed their ideas on love and marriage. "Love isheaven, " said Lady Dudley. "It is hell!" cried Mademoiselle desTouches. "But it is a hell where there is love, " replied Madame deRochefide. "There is often more pleasure in suffering than inhappiness; remember the martyrs!" [A Daughter of Eve. ] The history ofSarrasine was told her about 1830. The marquise was acquainted withthe Lantys, and at their house saw the strange Zambinella. [Sarrasine. ] One afternon, in the year 1836 or 1837, in her house onrue des Chartres, Madame de Rochefide heard the story of the "Princeof Bohemia" told by Nathan. After this narrative she became wild overLa Palferine. [A Prince of Bohemia. ]

ROCHEGUDE (Marquis de), an old man in 1821, possessing an income ofsix hundred thousand francs, offered a brougham at this time toCoralie, who was proud of having refused it, being "an artist, and nota prostitute. " [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] This Rochegudewas apparently a Rochefide. The change of names and confusion offamilies was corrected eventually by law. 

RODOLPHE, natural son of an intelligent and charming Parisian and of aBarbancon gentleman who died before he was able to arrangesatisfactorily for his sweetheart. Rodolphe was a fictitious characterin "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " by Albert Savarus in the "Revue de l'Est"in 1834, where, under this assumed name, he recounted his ownadventures. [Albert Savarus. ]

ROGER, general, minister and director of personnel in the WarDepartment in 1841. For thirty years a comrade of Baron Hulot. At thistime he enlightened his friend on the administrative situation, whichwas seriously endangered at the time he asked for an appointment forhis sub-chief, Marneffe. This advancement was not merited, but becamepossible through the dismissal of Coquet, the chief of bureau. [CousinBetty. ]

ROGRON, Provins tavern-keeper in the last half of the eighteenthcentury and the beginning of the nineteenth. He was at first a carter, and married the daughter of M. Auffray, a Provins grocer, by his firstwife. When his father-in-law died, Rogron bought his house from thewidow for a song, retired from business and lived there with his wife. He possessed about two thousand francs in rentals, obtained fromtwenty-seven pieces of land and the interest on the twenty thousandfrancs raised by the sale of his tavern. Having become in his old agea selfish, avaricious drunkard and shrewd as a Swiss tavern-keeper, hereared coarsely and without affection the two children, Sylvie andJerome-Denis, whom he had by his wife. He died, in 1822, a widower. [Pierrette. ]

ROGRON (Madame), wife of the preceding; daughter, by his first wife, of M. Auffray, a Provins grocer; paternal aunt of Madame Lorrain, themother of Pierrette; born in 1743; very homely; married at the age ofsixteen; left her husband a widower. [Pierrette. ]

ROGRON (Sylvie), elder child of the preceding; born between 1780 and1785 at Provins; sent to the country to be nursed. When thirteen yearsold she was placed in a store on rue Saint-Denis, Paris. When twentyyears old she was second clerk in a silk-store, the Ver Chinois, andtowards the end of 1815, bought with her own savings and those of herbrother the property of the Soeur de Famille, one of the best retailhaberdasher's establishments and then kept by Madame Guenee. Sylvieand Jerome-Denis, partners in this establishment, retired to Provinsin 1823. They lived there in their father's house, he having been deadseveral months, and received their cousin, the young PierretteLorrain, a fatherless and motherless child of a delicate nature, whomthey treated harshly, and who died as a result of the brutal treatmentof Sylvie, an envious spinster. This woman had been sought inmarriage, on account of her dowry, by Colonel Gouraud, and shebelieved herself deserted by him for Pierrette. [Pierrette. ]

ROGRON (Jerome-Denis), two years younger than his sister Sylvie, andlike her sent to Paris by his father. When very young he entered theestablishment of one of the leading haberdashers on rue Saint-Denis, the firm of Guepin at the Trois Quenouilles. He became first clerkthere at eighteen. Finally associated with Sylvie in the haberdasher'sestablishment, the Soeur de Famille, he withdrew with her in 1823 toProvins. Jerome-Denis Rogron was ignorant and did not amount to much, but depended on his sister in everything, for Sylvie had "good senseand was sharp at a bargain. " He allowed his sister to maltreatPierrette Lorrain, and, when called before the Provins court asresponsible for the young girl's death, was acquitted. In his littlecity, Rogron, through the influence of the attorney, Vinet, opposedthe government of Charles X. After 1830 he was appointedreceiver-general. The former Liberal, who was one of the masses, saidthat Louis Philippe would not be a real king until he could createnoblemen. In 1828, although homely and unintelligent, he married thebeautiful Bathilde de Chargeboeuf, who inspired in him an old man'sfoolish passion. [Pierrette. ]

ROGRON (Madame Denis), born Bathilde de Chargeboeuf, about 1803, oneof the most beautiful young girls of Troyes, poor but noble andambitious. Her relative, Vinet the attorney, had made "a littleCatherine de Medicis" of her, and married her to Denis Rogron. Someyears after this marriage she desired to become a widow as soon aspossible, so that she might marry General Marquis de Montriveau, apeer of France, who was very attentive to her. Montriveau controlledthe department in which Rogron had a receivership. [Pierrette. ]

ROGUIN, born in 1761; for twenty-five years a Paris notary, tall andheavy; black hair and high forehead; of somewhat distinguishedappearance; affected with ozoena. This affection caused his ruin, for, having married the only daughter of the banker, Chevrel, he disgustedhis wife very soon, and she was untrue to him. On the other hand, hehad paid mistresses, and kept and was fleeced by Sarah van Gobseck--"La Belle Hollandaise"--mother of Esther. He had met her about 1815. In 1818 and 1819 Roguin, seriously compromised by careless financialventures as well as by dissipation, disappeared from Paris; and thusbrought about the ruin of Guillaume Grandet, Cesar Birotteau, andMesdames Descoings and Bridau. [Cesar Birotteau. Eugenie Grandet. ABachelor's Establishment. ] Roguin had by his wife a daughter, whom hemarried to the president of the Provins tribunal. She was called inthat city "the beautiful Madame Tiphaine. " [Pierrette. ] In 1816 hemade, for Ginevra di Piombo, a respectful request of her father thathe would allow his daughter to marry Luigi Porta, an enemy of thefamily. [The Vendetta. ]

ROGUIN (Madame), born Chevrel between the years 1770 and 1780; onlydaughter of Chevrel, the banker; wife of the preceding; cousin ofMadame Guillaume of The Cat and Racket, and fifteen years her junior;aided her relative's daughter, Augustine, in her love affair with thepainter, Sommervieux; pretty and coquettish; for a long time themistress of Tillet, the banker; was present with her husband at thefamous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818. She had acountry-house at Nogent-sur-Marne, in which she lived with her loverafter Roguin's departure. [Cesar Birotteau. At the Sign of the Cat andRacket. Pierrette. ] In 1815 Caroline Crochard, then an embroiderer, worked for Madame Roguin, who made her wait for her wages. [A SecondHome. ] In 1834 and 1835 Madame Roguin, then more than fifty years ofage, still posed as young and dominated Du Tillet, who was married tothe charming Marie-Eugenie de Granville. [A Daughter of Eve. ]

ROGUIN (Mathilde-Melanie). (See Tiphaine, Madame. )

ROMETTE (La). (See Paccard, Jeromette. )

RONCERET (Du), president of the Alencon tribunal under theRestoration; was then a tall man, very thin, with forehead slopingback to his thin chestnut hair; eyes of different colors, andcompressed lips. Not having been courted by the nobility, he turnedhis attention to the middle classes, and then in the suit againstVicturnien d'Esgrignon, charged with forgery, he immediately took partin the prosecution. That a preliminary trial might be avoided he keptaway from Alencon, but a judgment which acquitted Victurnien wasrendered during his absence. M. Du Ronceret, in Machiavelli fashion, manoeuvred to gain for his son Fabien the hand of a wealthy heiress ofthe city, Mademoiselle Blandureau, who had also been sought by JudgeBlondet for his son Joseph. In this contest the judge won over hischief. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] M. Du Ronceret died in 1837, while holding the presidency of chamber at the Royal Court of Caen. The Du Roncerets, ennobled under Louis XV. , had arms bearing the word"Servir" as a motto and a squire's helmet. [Beatrix. ]

RONCERET (Madame du), wife of the preceding, tall and ill-formed; ofserious disposition; dressed herself in the most absurd costumes ofgorgeous colors; spent much time at her toilet, and never went to aball without first decorating her head with a turban, such as theEnglish were then wearing. Madame du Ronceret received each week, andeach quarter gave a great three-course dinner, which was spoken of inAlencon, for the president then endeavored, with his miserlyabundance, to compete with M. Du Bousquier's elegance. In theVicturnien d'Esgrignon affair, Madame du Ronceret, at the instigationof her husband, urged the deputy, Sauvages, to work against the youngnobleman. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

RONCERET (Fabien-Felicien du), or Duronceret, son of the precedingcouple; born about 1802, educated at Alencon; was here the companionin dissipation of Victurnien d'Esgrignon, whose evil nature hestimulated at M. Du Bousquier's instigation. [Jealousies of a CountryTown. ] At first a judge in Alencon, Du Ronceret resigned after thedeath of his father and went to Paris in 1838, with the intention ofpushing himself into notice by first causing an uproar. He becameacquainted in Bohemian circles where he was called "The Heir, " onaccount of some prodigalities. Having made the acquaintance ofCouture, the journalist, he was presented by him to Madame Schontz, apopular courtesan of the day, and became his successor in an elegantlyfurnished establishment in a first floor on rue Blanche. He therebegan as vice-president of a horticultural society. After an openingsession, during which he delivered an address which he had paidLousteau five hundred francs to compose, and where he made himselfnoticed by a flower given him by Judge Blondet, he was decorated. Later he married Madame Schontz, who wished to enter middle-classsociety. Ronceret expected, with her influence, to become president ofthe court and officer of the Legion of Honor [Beatrix. ] Whilepurchasing a shawl for his wife at M. Fritot's, in company withBixiou, Fabien du Ronceret was present about 1844 at the comedy whichtook place when the Selim shawl was sold to Mistress Noswell. [Gaudissart II. ]

RONCERET (Madame Fabien du), born Josephine Schiltz in 1805, wife ofthe preceding, daughter of a colonel under the Empire; fatherless andmotherless, at nine years of age she was sent to Saint-Denis byNapoleon in 1814, and remained in that educational institution, asassistant-mistress, until 1827. At this time Josephine Schiltz, whowas a god-child of the Empress, began the adventurous life of acourtesan, after the example of some of her companions who were, likeher, at the end of their patience. She now changed her name fromSchiltz to Schontz, and she was also known under the assumed name ofLittle Aurelie. Animated, intelligent and pretty, after havingsacrificed herself to true love, after having known "some poor butdishonorable writers, " after having tried intimacy with several richsimpletons, she was met in a day of distress, at Valentino Mussard's, by Arthur de Rochefide, who loved her madly. Having been abandoned byhis wife for two years, he lived with her in free union. This evilstate of affairs existed until the time when Josephine Schiltz wasmarried by Fabien du Ronceret. In order to have revenge on the Marquisde Rochefide for abandoning her, she gave him a peculiar disease, which she had made Fabien du Ronceret contract, and which also wasconveyed to Calyste du Guenic. During her life as a courtesan, herrivals were Suzanne de Val-Noble, Fanny Beaupre, Mariette, Antonia, and Florine. She was intimate with Finot, Nathan, Claude Vignon, towhom she probably owed her critical mind, Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Victorde Vernisset, La Palferine, Gobeneim, Vermanton the cynicalphilosphoer, etc. She even hoped to marry one of these. In 1836 shelived on rue Flechier, and was the mistress of Lousteau, to whom shewished to marry Felicie Cardot, the notary's daughter. Later shebelonged to Stidmann. In 1838 she was present at Josepha'shouse-warming on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. In 1840, at the firstperformance at the Ambigu, she met Madame de la Baudraye, thenLousteau's mistress. Josephine Schiltz finally became the wife ofPresident du Ronceret. [Beatrix. The Muse of the Department. CousinBetty. The Unconscious Humorists. ]

RONQUEROLLES (Marquis de), brother of Madame de Serizy; uncle of theComtesse Laginska; one of "The Thirteen, " and one of the mostefficient governmental diplomats under Louis Philippe; next to thePrince de Talleyrand the shrewdest ambassador; was of great service toMarsay during his service as a minister; was sent to Russia in 1838 ona secret mission. Having lost his two children during the cholerascourge of 1832, he was left without a direct heir. He had been adeputy on the Right Centre under the Restoration, representing adepartment in Bourgogne, where he was proprietor of a forest and of acastle next to the Aigues in the commune of Blangy. When Gaubertin, the steward, was discharged by the Comte de Montcornet, Soudry spokeas follows: "Patience! We have Messieurs de Soulanges and deRonquerolles. " [The Imaginary Mistress. The Peasantry. UrsuleMirouet. ] M. De Ronquerolles was an intimate friend of the Marquisd'Aiglemont; they even addressed each other familiarly as _thou_instead of _you_. [A Woman of Thirty. ] He alone knew of Marsay's firstlove and the name of "Charlotte's" husband. [Another Study of Woman. ]In 1820 the Marquis de Ronquerolles, while at a ball at theElysee-Bourbon, in the Duchesse de Berri's house, provoked Auguste deMaulincour, of whom Ferragus Bourignard had complained, to a duel. Also, as a result of his membership in the Thirteen, Ronquerolles, along with Marsay, helped General de Montriveau abduct the Duchesse deLangeais from the convent of bare-footed Carmelites, where she hadtaken refuge. [The Thirteen. ] In 1839 he was M. De Rhetore's second ina duel fought with Dorlange-Sallenauve, the sculptor, in connectionwith Marie Gaston. [The Member for Arcis. ]

ROSALIE, rosy-cheeked and buxom, waiting-maid to Madame de Merret atVendome; then, after the death of her mistress, servant employed byMadame Lepas, tavern-keeper in that town. She finally told HoraceBianchon the drama of La Grande Breteche and the misfortunes of theMerrets. [La Grande Breteche. ]

ROSALIE, chambermaid to Madame Moreau at Presles in 1822. [A Start inLife. ]

ROSE, maid in the service of Armande-Louise-Marie de Chaulieu in 1823, at the time when this young lady, having left the Carmelites of Blois, came to live with her father on the Boulevard des Invalides in Paris. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

ROSINA, an Italian from Messina, wife of a Piedmont gentleman, who wascaptain in the French army under the Empire; mistress of her husband'scolonel. She died with her lover near Beresina in 1812, her jealoushusband having set fire to the hut which she and the colonel wereoccupying. [Another Study of Woman. ]

ROUBAUD, born about 1803 was declared doctor by the Paris medicalschool, a pupil of Desplein; practiced medicine at Montegnac, Haute-Vienne, under Louis Philippe, small man of fair skin and veryinsipid appearance, but with gray eyes which betrayed the depth of aphysiologist and the tenacity of a student. Roubaud was introduced toMadame Graslin by the Cure Bonnet, who was in despair at Roubaud'sreligious indifference. The young physician admired and secretly lovedthis celebrated Limousinese, and became converted suddenly toCatholicism on seeing the saintly death of Madame Graslin. When dyingshe made him head-physician in a hospital founded by her at theTascherons near Montegnac. [The Country Parson. ]

ROUGET (Doctor), an Issoudun physician under Louis XVI. And theRepublic; born in 1737; died in 1805; married the most beautiful girlof the city, whom, it is said, he made very unhappy. He had by her twochildren: a son, Jean-Jacques; and, ten years later, a daughter, Agathe, who became Madame Bridau. The birth of this daughter broughtabout a rupture between the doctor and his intimate friend, thesub-delegate Lousteau, whom Rouget, doubtless wrongly, accused of beingthe girl's father. Each of these men charged the other with being thefather of Maxence Gilet, who was in reality the son of a dragoonofficer, stationed at Bourges. Doctor Rouget, who passed for a verydisagreeable, unaccommodating man, was selfish and spiteful. Hequickly got rid of his daughter, whom he hated. After his wife, hismother-in-law and his father-in-law had died, he was very rich, andalthough his life was apparently regular and free from scandal, he wasin reality very dissipated. In 1799, filled with admiration for thebeauty of the little Rabouilleuse, Flore Brazier, he received her intohis own home, where she stayed, becoming first the mistress, andafterwards the wife of his son, Jean-Jacques, and eventually MadamePhilippe Bridau, Comtesse de Bramboug. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

ROUGET (Madame), born Descoings, wife of the preceding, daughter ofrich and avaricous wool-dealers at Issoudun, elder sister of thegrocer, Descoings, who married the widow of M. Bixiou and afterwardsdied with Andre Chenier, July 25, 1794, on the scaffold. As a youngwoman, although in very poor health, she was celebrated for herbeauty. Not being gifted with a very sound intellect, when married itwas thought that she was very badly treated by Doctor Rouget. Herhusband believed that she was unfaithful to him for the sake of thesub-delegate, Lousteau. Madame Rouget, deprived of her dearly-beloveddaughter, and finding her son lacking altogether in affection for her, declined rapidly and died early in 1799, unwept by her husband, whohad counted correctly on her early death. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

ROUGET (Jean-Jacques), born at Issoudun in 1768, son of the precedingcouple, brother of Madame Bridau, who was ten years his junior. Entirely lacking in intellect, he became wildly in love with FloreBrazier, whom he knew as a child in his father's house. He made thisgirl his servant-mistress soon after the doctor's death, and allowedher lover, Maxence Gilet, near her. He finally married her in 1823, being urged to do so by his nephew, Philippe Bridau, who soon tookRouget to Paris, and there arranged for the old man's early death bystarting him into dissipation. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ] After thedeath of J. -J. Rouget, the Baudrayes of Sancerre bought part of hisfurniture, and had it removed from Issoudun to Anzy, where they placedit in their castle, which had formerly belonged to the Cadignans. [TheMuse of the Department. ]

ROUGET (Madame Jean-Jacques). (See Bridau, Madame Philippe. )

ROUSSE (La), significant name given Madame Prelard. (See this lastname. )

ROUSSEAU, driver of the public hack which carried the taxes collectedat Caen. This conveyance was attacked and plundered by robbers in May, 1809, in the forest of Chesnay, near Mortagne, Orne. Rousseau, beinglooked upon as an accomplice of the robbers, was included in theprosecution which took place soon after; but he was acquitted. [TheSeamy Side of History. ]

ROUSTAN, Mameluke, in the service of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was withhis master on the eve of the battle of Jena, October 13, 1806, whenLaurence de Cinq-Cygne and M. De Chargeboeuf observed him holding theEmperor's horse as Napoleon dismounted. This was just before these twoapproached the Emperor to ask pardon for the Hauteserres and theSimeuses, who had been condemned as accomplices in the abduction ofSenator Malin. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

ROUVILLE (de), (See Leseigneur, Madame. )

ROUVRE (Marquis du), father of the Comtesse Clementine Laginska; threwaway a considerable fortune, by means of which he had brought abouthis marriage with a Ronquerolles maiden. This fortune was partly eatenup by Florine, "one of the most charming actresses of Paris. " [TheImaginary Mistress. ] M. Du Rouvre was the brother-in-law of the Comtede Serizy, who, like him, had married a Ronquerolles. Having been amarquis under the old regime, M. Du Rouvre was created count and madechamberlain by the Emperor. [A Start in Life. ] In 1829, M. Du Rouvre, then ruined, lived at Nemours. He had near this city a castle which hesold at great loss to Minoret-Levrault. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

ROUVRE (Chevalier du), younger brother of the Marquis du Rouvre; aneccentric old bachelor, who became wealthy by dealing in houses andreal estate, and is supposed to have left his fortune to his niece, the Comtesse Clementine Laginska. [The Imaginary Mistress. UrsuleMirouet. ]

ROUZEAU, an Angouleme printer, predecessor and master ofJerome-Nicolas Sechard, in the eighteenth century. [Lost Illusions. ]

RUBEMPRE (Lucien-Chardon de), born in 1800 at Angouleme; son ofChardon, a surgeon in the armies of the Republic who became anapothecary in that town, and of Mademoiselle de Rubempre, his wife, the descendant of a very noble family. He was a journalist, poet, romance writer, author of "Les Marguerites, " a book of sonnets, and ofthe "Archer de Charles IX. , " a historical romance. He shone for a timein the salon of Madame de Bargeton, born Marie-Louise-Anais deNegrepelisse, who became enamored of him, enticed him to Paris, andthere deserted him, at the instigation of her cousin, Madame d'Espard. He met the members of the Cenacle on rue des Quatre-Vents, and becamewell acquainted with D'Arthez. Etienne Lousteau, who revealed to himthe shameful truth concerning literary life, introduced him to thewell-known publisher, Dauriat, and escorted him to an opening night atthe Panorama-Dramatique theatre, where the poet saw the charmingCoralie. She loved him at first sight, and he remained true to heruntil her death in 1822. Started by Lousteau into undertaking Liberaljournalism, Lucien de Rubempre passed over suddenly to the Royalistside, founding the "Reveil, " an extremely partisan organ, with thehope of obtaining from the King the right to adopt the name of hismother. At this time he frequented the social world and thus broughtto poverty his mistress. He was wounded in a duel by Michel Chrestien, whom he had made angry by an article in the "Reveil, " which hadseverely criticised a very excellent book by Daniel d'Arthez. Coraliehaving died, he departed for Angouleme on foot, with no resourcesexcept twenty francs that Berenice, the cousin and servant of hermistress, had received from chance lovers. He came near dying ofexhaustion and sorrow, very near the city of his birth. He found thereMadame de Bargeton, then the wife of Comte Sixte du Chatelet, prefectof Charente and a state councilor. Despite the warm reception givenhim, first by a laudatory article in a local newspaper, and next by aserenade from his young fellow-citizens, he left Angouleme hastily, desperate at having been responsible for the ruin of his brother-in-law, David Sechard, and contemplating suicide. While walking along hechanced upon Canon Carlos Herrera (Jacques Collin--Vautrin), who tookhim to Paris and became the guardian of his future career. In 1824, while passing an evening at the theatre Porte-Saint-Martin, Rubemprebecame acquainted with Esther Van Gobseck, called La Torpille, acourtesan. They were both seized at once with a violent love. A littlelater, at the last Opera ball of the winter of 1824, they would havecompromised their security and pleasure if it had not been for theinterference of Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, and if Lucien had notdenied certain people the pleasure of satisfying their ill-willedcuriosity, by agreeing to take supper at Lointier's. [*] Lucien deRubempre sought to become the son-in-law of the Grandlieus; he waswelcomed by the Rabourdins; he became the protector of Savinien dePortenduere; he became the lover of Mmes. Maufrigneuse and Serizy, andthe beloved of Lydie Peyrade. His life of ambition and of pleasureended in the Conciergerie, where he was imprisoned unjustly, chargedwith robbing and murdering Esther, or with being an accomplice. Hehanged himself while in prison, May 15, 1830. [Lost Illusions. ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. The Government Clerks. UrsuleMirouet. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Lucien de Rubempre lived inturn in Paris at the Hotel du Gaillard-Bois, rue de l'Echelle, in aroom in the Quartier Latin, in the Hotel de Cluny on the street of thesame name, in a lodging-house on rue Charlot, in another on rue de laLune in company with Coralie, in a little apartment on rue Cassettewith Jacques Collin, who followed him at least to one of his twohouses on the Quai Malaquais and on rue Taitbout, the former home ofBeaudenord and of Caroline de Bellefeuille. He is buried inPere-Lachaise in a costly tomb which contains also the body of EstherGobseck, and in which there is a place reserved for Jacques Collin. Aseries of articles, sharp and pointed, on Rubempre is entitled "LesPassants de Paris. "

[*] The Lointier restaurant, on rue Richelieu, opposite rue de la Bourse, was very popular about 1846 with the "four hundred. "

RUFFARD, called Arrachelaine, a robber and at the same time employedby Bibi-Lupin, chief of secret police in 1830; connected, with Godet, in the assassination of the Crottats, husband and wife, committed byDannepont, called La Pouraille. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

RUFFIN, born in 1815, the instructor of Francis Graslin after 1840. Ruffin was a professional teacher, and was possessed of a wonderfulamount of information. His extreme tenderness "did not exclude fromhis nature the severity necessary on the part of one who wishes togovern a child. " He was of pleasing appearance, known for his patienceand piety. He was taken to Madame Graslin from his diocese by theArchbishop Dutheil, and had, for at least nine years, the direction ofthe young man who had been put in his charge. [The Country Parson. ]

RUSTICOLI. (See La Palferine. )

 S

SABATIER, police-agent; Corentin regretted not having had hisassistance in the search with Peyrade, at Gondreville, in 1803. [TheGondreville Mystery. ]

SABATIER (Madame), born in 1809. She formerly sold slippers in thetrade gallery of the Palais de Justice, in Paris; widow of a man whokilled himself by excessive drinking, became a trained nurse, andmarried a man whom she had nursed and had cured of an affection of theurinary ducts ("lurinary, " according to Madame Cibot), and by whom shehad a fine child. She lived in rue Barre-du-Bec. Madame Bordevin, arelative, wife of a butcher of the rue Charlot, was god-mother of thechild. [Cousin Pons. ]

SAGREDO, a very wealthy Venetian senator, born in 1730, husband ofBianca Vendramini; was strangled, in 1760, by Facino Cane, whom he hadfound with Bianca, conversing on the subject of love, but in anentirely innocent way. [Facino Cane. ]

SAGREDA (Bianca), wife of the preceding, born Vendramini, about 1742;in 1760, she undeservingly incurred the suspicion, in the eyes of herhusband, of criminal relations with Facino Cane, and was unwilling tofollow her platonic friend away from Venice after the murder ofSagredo. [Facino Cane. ]

SAILLARD, a clerk of mediocre talent in the Department of Finance, during the reigns of Louis XVIII. And of Charles X. ; formerlybook-keeper at the Treasury, where he is believed to have succeeded theelder Poiret;[*] he was afterwards appointed chief cashier, and heldthat position a long while. Saillard married Mademoiselle Bidault, adaughter of a furniture merchant, whose establishment was under thepillars of the Paris market, and a niece of the bill-discounter on rueGreneta; he had by her a daughter, Elisabeth, who became by marriageMadame Isidore Baudoyer; owned an old mansion on Place Royale, wherehe lived together with the family of Isidore Baudoyer; he became mayorof his ward during the monarchy of July, and renewed then hisacquaintance with his old comrades of the department, the Minards andthe Thuilliers. [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes. ]

[*] The Compilers subsequently dispute this. 

SAILLARD (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Bidault, in 1767; nieceof the bill-discounter called Gigonnet; was the leading spirit of thehousehold on Place Royale, and, above all, the counselor of herhusband; she reared her daughter Elisabeth, who became MadameBaudoyer, very strictly. [Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks. ]

SAIN, shared with Augustin the sceptre of miniature painting under theEmpire. In 1809, before the Wagram campaign, he painted a miniature ofMontcornet, then young and handsome; this painting passed from thehands of Madame Fortin, mistress of the future marshal, to the handsof their daughter, Madame Valerie Crevel (formerly Marneffe). [CousinBetty. ]

SAINT-DENIS (De), assumed name of the police-agent, Corentin. 

SAINTE-BEAUVE (Charles-Augustin), born at Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1805;died in Paris in 1869; an academician and senator under the SecondEmpire. An illustrious Frenchman of letters whom Raoul Nathan imitatedpoorly enough before Beatrix de Rochefide in his account of theadventures of Charles-Edouard Rusticoli de la Palferine. [A Prince ofBohemia. ]

SAINTE-SEVERE (Madame de), cousin to Gaston de Nueil, lived in Bayeux, where she received, in 1822, her young kinsman, just convalescing fromsome inflammatory disorder caused by excess in study or in pleasure. [The Deserted Woman. ]

SAINT-ESTEVE (De), name of Jacques Collin as chief of the secretpolice. 

SAINT-ESTEVE (Madame de), an assumed name, shared by Madame JacquelineCollin and Madame Nourrisson. 

SAINT-FOUDRILLE (De), a "brilliant scholar, " lived in Paris, and mostlikely in the Saint-Jacques district, at least about 1840, the timewhen Thuillier wished to know him. [The Middle Classes. ]

SAINT-FOUDRILLE (Madame de), wife of the preceding, received, about1840, a very attentive visit from the Thuillier family. [The MiddleClasses. ]

SAINT-GEORGES (Chevalier de), 1745-1801, a mulatto, of superb figureand features, son of a former general; captain of the guards of theDuc d'Orleans; served with distinction under Dumouriez; arrested in1794 on suspicion, and released after the 9th Thermidor; he becamedistinguished in the pleasing art of music, and especially in the artof fencing. The Chevalier de Saint-Georges traded at the Cat andRacket on the rue Saint-Denis, but did not pay his debts. MonsieurGuillaume had obtained a judgment of the consular government againsthim. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ] Later he was made popular bya production of a comedie-vaudeville of Roger de Beauvoir, at theVarietees under Louis Philippe, with the comedian Lafont[*] asinterpreter. 

[*] Complimented in 1836, at the chateau of Madame de la Baudraye, by Etienne Lousteau and Horace Bianchon. 

SAINT-GERMAIN (De), one of the assumed names of police-agent Peyrade. 

SAINT-HEREEN (Comte de), husband of Moina d'Aiglemont, was heir of oneof the most illustrious houses of France. He lived with his wife andmother-in-law in a house belonging to the former, on the rue Plumet(now rue Oudinot), adjoining the Boulevard des Invalides; about themiddle of December, 1843, he left this house alone to go on apolitical mission; during this time his wife received too willinglythe frequent and compromising visits of young Alfred de Vandenesse, and his mother-in-law died suddenly. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

SAINT-HEREEN (Countess Moina de), wife of the preceding; of fivechildren she was the only one that survived Monsieur and Madamed'Aiglemont, in the second half of Louis Philippe's reign. Blindlyspoiled by her mother, she repaid that almost exclusive affection bycoldness only, or even disdain. By a cruel word Moina caused the deathof her mother; she dared, indeed, to recall to her mother her formerrelations with Marquis Charles de Vandenesse, whose son Alfred sheherself was receiving with too much pleasure in the absence ofMonsieur de Saint-Hereen. [A Woman of Thirty. ] In a conversationconcerning love with the Marquise de Vandenesse, Lady Dudley, Mademoiselle des Touches, the Marquise of Rochefide, and Madamed'Espard, Moina laughingly remarked: "A lover is forbidden fruit, astatement that sums up the whole case with me. " [A Daughter of Eve. ]Madame Octave de Camps, referring to Nais de l'Estorade, then a girl, made the following cutting remark: "That little girl makes me anxious;she reminds me of Moina d'Aiglemont. " [The Member for Arcis. ]

SAINT-MARTIN (Louis-Claude de), called the "Unknown Philosopher, " wasborn on the 18th of January, 1743, at Amboise, and died October 13, 1803; he was very often received at Clochegourde by Madame deVerneuil, an aunt of Madame de Mortsauf, who knew him there. AtClochegourde, Saint-Martin superintended the publication of his lastbooks, which were printed at Letourmy's in Tours. [The Lily of theValley. ]

SAINT-VIER (Madame de). (See Gentillet. )

SAINTOT (Astolphe de), one of the frequenters of the Bargeton salon atAngouleme; president of the society of agriculture of his town; though"ignorant as a carp, " he passed for a scholar of the first rank; and, though he did nothing, he let it be believed that he had been occupiedfor several years with writing a treatise on modern methods ofcultivation. His success in the world was due, for the most part, toquotations from Cicero, learned by heart in the morning and recited inthe evening. Though a tall, stout, red-faced man, Saintot seemed to beruled by his wife. [Lost Illusions. ]

SAINTOT (Madame de), wife of the preceding. Her Christian name wasElisa, and she was usually called Lili, a childish designaton that wasin strong contrast with the character of this lady, who was dry andsolemn, extremely pious, and a cross and quarrelsome card-player. [Lost Illusions. ]

SALLENAUVE (Francois-Henri-Pantaleon-Dumirail, Marquis de), a noble ofChampagne, lost and ruined by cards, in his old age was reduced to thedegree of a street-sweep, under the service of Jacques Bricheteau. [The Member for Arcis. ]

SALLENAUVE (Comte de), legal son of the preceding, was born in 1809 ofthe relations of Catherine-Antoinette Goussard and Jacques Collin;grandson of Danton through his mother; school-mate of Marie Gaston, whose friend he continued to be, and for whom he fought a duel. For along time he knew nothing of his family, but lived almost to the ageof thirty under the name of Charles Dorlange. [The Member for Arcis. ]

SALLENAUVE (Comtesse de), wife of the preceding, born Jeanne-Athenaisde l'Estorade (Nais, by familiar abbreviation) in February, 1827; theprecocious and rather spoilt child of the Comte and Comtesse Louis del'Estorade. [Letters of Two Brides. The Member for Arcis. ]

SALMON, formerly expert in the museum at Paris. In 1826, while on avisit at Tours, whither he had gone to see his mother-in-law, he wasengaged to assess a "Virgin" by Valentin and a "Christ" by Lebrun, paintings which Abbe Francois Birotteau had inherited from AbbeChapeloud, having left them in an apartment recently occupied byhimself at Mademoiselle Sophie Gamard's. [The Vicar of Tours. ]

SALOMON (Joseph), of Tours, or near Tours, uncle and guardian toPauline Salomon de Villenoix, a very rich Jewess. He was deeplyattached to his niece and wished a brilliant match for her. LouisLambert, who was engaged to Pauline, said: "This terrible Salomonfreezes me; this man is not of our heaven. " [Louis Lambert. ]

SAMANON, a squint-eyed speculator, followed the various professions ofa money-handler during the reigns of Louis XVIII. , Charles X. , andLouis Philippe. In 1821, Lucien de Rubempre, still a novice, visitedSamanon's establishment in the Faubourg Poissonniere, where he wasthen engaged in the numerous trades of dealing in old books and oldclothes, of brokerage, and of discount. There he found a certain greatman of unknown identity, a Bohemian and cynic, who had come to borrowhis own clothes that he had left in pawn. [A Distinguished Provincialat Paris. ] Nearly three years later, Samanon was the man of straw ofthe Gobseck-Bidault (Gigonnet) combination, who were persecutingChardin des Lupeaulx for the payment of debts due them. [TheGovernment Clerks. ] After 1830, the usurer joined with the Cerizetsand the Claparons when they tried to circumvent Maxime de Trailles. [AMan of Business. ] The same Samanon, about 1844, had bills to the valueof ten thousand francs against Baron Hulot d'Ervy, who was seekingrefuge under the name of Father Vyder. [Cousin Betty. ]

SAN-ESTEBAN (Marquise de), a foreign and aristocratic sounding assumedname, under which Jacqueline Collin disguised herself when she visitedthe Conciergerie, in May, 1830, to see Jacques Collin, himself underthe incognito of Carlos Herrera. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

SAN-REAL (Don Hijos, Marquis de), born about 1735, a powerfulnobleman; he enjoyed the friendship of Ferdinand VII. , King of Spain, and married a natural daughter of Lord Dudley, Margarita-EuphemiaPorraberil (born of a Spanish mother), with whom he lived in Paris, in1815, in a mansion on the rue Saint-Lazare, near Nucingen. [TheThirteen. ]

SAN REAL (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, born Margarita-EuphemiaPorraberil, natural daughter of Lord Dudley and a Spanish woman, andsister of Henri de Marsay; had the restless energy of her brother, whom she resembled also in appearance. Brought up at Havana, she wasthen taken back to Madrid, accompanied by a creole girl of theAntilles, Paquita Valdes, with whom she maintained passionateunnatural relations, that marriage did not interrupt and which werebeing continued in Paris in 1815, when the marquise, meeting a rivalin her brother, Henri de Marsay, killed Paquita. After this murder, Madame de San Real retired to Spain to the convent of Los Dolores. [The Thirteen. ]

SANSON (Charles-Henri), public executioner in the period of theRevolution, and beheader of Louis XVI. ; he attended two massescommemorating the death of the King, celebrated in 1793 and 1794, bythe Abbe de Marolles, to whom his identity was afterwards disclosed byRagon. [An Episode under the Terror. ]

SANSON, son of the preceding, born about 1770, descended, as was hisfather, from headsmen of Rouen. After having been captain of cavalryhe assisted his father in the execution of Louis XVI. ; was his agentwhen scaffolds were operated at the same time in the Place Louis XV. And the Place du Trone, and eventually succeeded him. Sanson wasprepared to "accommodate" Theodore Calvi in May, 1830; he awaited thecondemning order, which was not issued. He had the appearance of arather distinguished Englishman. At least Sanson gave Jacques Collinthat impression, when he met the ex-convict, then confined at theConciergerie. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] Sanson lived in therue des Marais (the district of the Faubourg Saint-Martin), which is amuch shorter street now than formerly. 

SARCUS was justice of the peace, in the reign of Louis XVIII. , atSoulanges (Bourgogne), where he lived on his fifteen hundred francs, together with the rent of a house in which he lived, and three hundredfrancs from the public funds. Sarcus married the elder sister ofVermut, the druggist of Soulanges, by whom he had a daughter, Adeline, afterwards Madame Adolphe Sibilet. This functionary of inferior order, a handsome little old man with iron-gray hair, was none the less thepolitician of the first order in the society of Soulanges, which wascompletely under Madame Soudry's sway, and which counted almost allMontcornet's enemies. [The Peasantry. ]

SARCUS, cousin in the third degree of the preceding; called Sarcus theRich; in 1817 a counselor at the prefecture of the department ofBourgogne, which Monsieur de la Roche-Hugon and Monsieur de Casterangoverned successively under the Restoration, and which included asdependencies Ville-aux-Fayes, Soulanges, Blangy, and Aigues. Herecommended Sibilet as steward for Aigues, which was Montcornet'sestate. Sarcus the Rich was a member of the Chamber of Deputies; hewas also said to be right-hand man to the prefect. [The Peasantry. ]

SARCUS (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Vallat, in 1778, of afamily connected with the Gaubertins, was supposed in her youth tohave favored Monsieur Lupin, who, in 1823, was still paying devotedattentions to this woman of forty-five, the mother of an engineer. [The Peasantry. ]

SARCUS, son of the preceding couple, became, in 1823, general engineerof bridges and causeways of Ville-aux-Fayes, thus completing the groupof powerful native families hostile to the Montcornets. [ThePeasantry. ]

SARCUS-TAUPIN, a miller at Soulanges, who enjoyed an income of fiftythousand francs; the Nucingen of his town; was father of a daughterwhose hand was sought by Lupin, the notary, and by President Gendrinfor their respective sons. [The Peasantry. ]

SARRASINE (Matthieu or Mathieu), a laborer in the neighborhood ofSaint-Die, father of a rich lawyer of Franche-Comte, and grandfatherof the sculptor, Ernest-Jean Sarrasine. [Sarrasine. ]

SARRASINE, a rich lawyer of Franche-Comte in the eighteenth century, father of the sculptor, Ernest-Jean Sarrasine. [Sarrasine. ]

SARRASINE (Ernest-Jean), a famous French sculptor, son of thepreceding and grandson of Matthieu Sarrasine. When quite young heshowed a calling for art strong enough to combat the will of hisfather, who wished him to adopt the legal profession; he went toParis, entered Bouchardon's studio, found a friend and protector inthis master; became acquainted with Madame Geoffrin, Sophie Arnould, the Baron d'Holbach, and J. -J. Rousseau. Having become the lover ofClotilde, the famous singer at the Opera, Sarrasine won the sculptor'sprize founded by Marigny, a brother of La Pompadour, and receivedpraise from Diderot. He then went to Rome to live (1758); becameintimate with Vien, Louthrebourg, [*] Allegrain, Vitagliani, Cicognara, and Chigi. He then fell madly in love with the eunuch Zambinella, uncle of the Lanty-Duvignons; believing him to be a woman, he made amagnificent bust of the singular singer, who was kept by Cicognara, and, having carried him off, was murdered at the instigation of hisrival in the same year, 1758. The story of Sarrasine's life wasrelated, during the Restoration, to Beatrix de Rochefide. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis. ]

[*] Or Louthrebourg, and also Lauterbourg, intentionally left out in the Repertory because of the various ways of spelling the name. 

SAUTELOUP, familiarly called "Father Sauteloup, " had the task, in May, 1830, of reading to Theodore Calvi, who was condemned to death and aprisoner in the Conciegerie, the denial of his petition for appeal. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

SAUVAGE (Madame), a person of repulsive appearance, and of doubtfulmorality, the servant-mistress of Maitre Fraisier; on the death ofPons, kept house for Schmucke, who inherited from Pons to theprejudice of the Camusot de Marvilles. [Cousin Pons. ]

SAUVAGE, first deputy of the king's attorney at Alencon; a youngmagistrate, married, harsh, stiff, ambitious, and selfish; took sidesagainst Victurnien d'Esgrignon in the notorious affair known as theD'Esgrignon-Du-Bousquier case; after the famous lawsuit he was sent toCorsica. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

SAUVAGNEST, successor of the attorney Bordin, and predecessor ofMaitre Desroches; was an attorney in Paris. [A Start in Life. ]

SAUVAIGNOU (of Marseilles), a head carpenter, had a hand in the saleof the house on the Place de la Madeleine which was bought in 1840, bythe Thuilliers at the urgent instance of Cerizet, Claparon, Dutocq, and especially Theodose de la Peyrade. [The Middle Classes. ]

SAUVIAT (Jerome-Baptiste), born in Auvergne, about 1747; a travelingtradesman from 1792 to 1796; of commercial tastes, rough, energetic, and avaricious; of a profoundly religious nature; was imprisonedduring the Terror; barely escaped being beheaded for abetting theescape of a bishop; married Mademoiselle Champagnac at Limoges in1797; had by her a daughter, Veronique (Madame Pierre Graslin); afterthe death of his father-in-law, he bought, in the same town, the housewhich he was occupying as tenant and where he sold old iron; hecontinued his business there; retired from business in wealth, butstill, at a later period, went as superintendent into a porcelainfactory with J. -F. Tascheron; gave his attention to that work for atleast three years, and died then through an accident in 1827. [TheCountry Parson. ]

SAUVIAT (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Champagnac, about 1767;daughter of a coppersmith of Limoges, who became a widower in 1797, and from whom she afterwards inherited. Madame Sauviat lived, in turn, near the rue de la Vieille-Poste, a suburb of Limoges, and atMontegnac. Like Sauviat, she was industrious, rough, grasping, economical, and hard, but pious withal; and like him, too, she adoredVeronique, whose terrible secret she knew, --a sort of Marcellangeaffair. [*] [The Country Parson. ]

[*] A famous criminal case of the time. 

SAVARON DE SAVARUS, a noble and wealthy family, whose various membersknown in the eighteenth century were as follows: Savaron de Savarus(of Tournai), a Fleming, true to Flemish traditions, with whom theClaes and the Pierquins seem to have had transactions. [The Quest ofthe Absolute. ] Mademoiselle Savarus, a native of Brabant, a wealthyunmarried heiress; Savarus (Albert), a French attorney, descended, butnot lineally, from the Comte de Savarus. [Albert Savarus. ]

SAVARUS (Albert Savaron de), of the family of the preceding list, butnatural son of the Comte de Savarus, was born about 1798; wassecretary to a minister of Charles X. , and was also Master ofRequests. The Revolution of 1830 fatally interrupted a very promisingcareer; a deep love, which was reciprocated, for the Duchessed'Argaiolo (afterwards Madame Alphonse de Rhetore), restored toSavarus his energetic and enterprising spirit; he succeeded in beingadmitted to the bar of Besancon, built up a good practice, succeededbrilliantly, founded the "Revue de l'Est, " in which he published anautobiographic novel, "L'Ambitieux par Amour, " and met with warmsupport in his candidacy for the Chamber of Deputies (1834). AlbertSavarus, with his mask of a deep thinker, might have seen all hisdreams realized, but for the romantic and jealous fancies of Rosaliede Watteville, who discovered and undid the advocate's plans, bybringing about the second marriage of Madame d'Argaiolo. His hopesthus baffled, Albert Savarus became a friar of the parent institutionof the Carthusians, which was situated near Grenoble, and was known asBrother Albert. [The Quest of the Absolute. Albert Savarus. ]

SCHERBELLOFF, Scherbelloff, or Sherbelloff (Princesse), maternalgrandmother of Madame de Montcornet. [The Peasantry. Jealousies of aCountry Town. ]

SCHILTZ married a Barnheim (of Baden), and had by her a daughter, Josephine, afterwards Madame Fabien du Ronceret; was an "intrepidofficer, a chief among those bold Alsatian partisans who almost savedthe Emperor in the campaign of France. " He died at Metz, despoiled andruined. [Beatrix. ]

SCHILTZ (Josephine), otherwise known as Madame Schontz. (See Ronceret, Madame Fabien du. )

SCHINNER (Mademoiselle), mother of Hippolyte Schinner, the painter, and daughter of an Alsatian farmer; being seduced by a coarse butwealthy man, she refused the money offered as compensation forrefusing to legitimize their liaison, and consoled herself in the joysof maternity, the duties whereof she fulfilled with the most perfectdevotion. At the time of her son's marriage she was living in Paris, and shared with him an apartment situated near the artist's studio, and not far from the Madeleine, on the rue des Champs-Elysees. [ThePurse. ]

SCHINNER (Hippolyte), a painter, natural son of the preceding; ofAlsatian origin, and recognized by his mother only; a pupil of Gros, in whose studio he formed a close intimacy with Joseph Bridau. [ABachelor's Establishment. ] He was married during the reign of LouisXVIII. ; he was at that time a knight of the Legion of Honor, and wasalready a celebrated character. While working in Paris, near theMadeleine, in a house belonging to Molineux, he met the otheroccupants, Madame and Mademoiselle Leseigneur de Rouville, and seemsto have imitated with respect to them the delicate conduct of theirbenefactor and friend, Kergarouet; was touched by the cordialityextended to him by the baroness in spite of his poverty; he lovedAdelaide de Rouville, and the passion being reciprocated, he marriedher. [The Purse. ] Being associated with Pierre Grassou, he gave himexcellent advice, which this indifferent artist was scarceley able toprofit by. [Pierre Grassou. ] In 1822, the Comte de Serizy employedSchinner to decorate the chateau of Presles; Joseph Bridau, who wastrying his hand, completed the master's work, and even, in a passingfit of levity, appropriated his name. [A Start in Life. ] Schinner wasmentioned in the autobiographical novel of Albert Savarus, "L'Ambitieux par Amour. " [Albert Savarus. ] He was the friend of XavierRabourdin. [The Government Clerks. ] He drew vignettes for the works ofCanalis. [Modeste Mignon. ] To him we owe the remarkable ceilings ofAdam Laginski's house situated on the rue de la Pepiniere. [TheImaginary Mistress. ] About 1845, Hippolyte Schinner lived not far fromthe rue de Berlin, near Leon de Lora, to whom he had been firstinstructor. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

SCHINNER (Madame), wife of Hippolyte Schinner, born AdelaideLeseigneur de Rouville, daughter of the Baron and Baronne de Rouville, her father being a naval officer; lived during the Restoration inParis with her mother, boarding at a house situated on the rue deSurene and belonging to Molineux. Bereft of her father, the futureMadame Schinner would then have found it difficult to await the slowadjustment of her father's pension, had not their old friend, Admiralde Kergarouet, come in his unobtrusive way to the assistance ofherself and her mother. About the same time she nursed their neighbor, Hippolyte Schinner, who was suffering from the effects of a fall, andconceived for him a love that was returned; the gift of a littleembroidered purse on the part of the young woman brought about themarriage. [The Purse. ]

SCHMUCKE (Wilhelm), a German Catholic, and a man of great musicaltalent; open-hearted, absent-minded, kind, sincere, of simple manners, of gentle and upright bearing. Originally he was precentor to theMargrave of Anspach; he had known Hoffman, the eccentric writer ofBerlin, in whose memory he afterwards had a cat named Murr. Schmuckethen went to Paris; in 1835-36, he lived there in a small apartment onthe Quai Conti, at the corner of the rue de Nevers. [*] Previous tothis, in the Quartier du Marais, he gave lessons in harmony, that weremuch appreciated, to the daughters of the Granvilles, afterwardsMesdames de Vandenesse and du Tillet; at a later period the formerlady asked him to endorse some notes of hand for Raoul Nathan'sbenefit. [A Daughter of Eve. ] Schmucke was also instructor of LydiePeyrade before her marriage with Theodose de la Peyrade. [Scenes froma Courtesan's Life]; but those whom he regarded as his favorite pupilswere Mesdames de Vandenesse and du Tillet, and the future Vicomtessede Portenduere, Mademoiselle Mirouet of Nemours, the three"Saint-Cecilias" who combined to pay him an annuity. [Ursule Mirouet. ]The former precentor, now of ugly and aged appearance, readily obtaineda welcome with the principals of boarding-schools for young ladies. At adistribution of prizes he was brought in contact with Sylvain Pons forwhom he immediately felt an affection that proved to be mutual (1834). Their intimacy brought them under the same roof, rue de Normandie, astenants of C. -J. Pillerault (1836). Schmucke lived for nine years inperfect happiness. Gaudissart, having become manager of a theatre, employed him in his orchestra, entrusted him with the work of makingcopies of the music, and employed him to play the piano and variousinstruments that were not used in the boulevard theatres: the viold'amore, English horn, violoncello, harp, castanets, bells, saxhorns, etc. Pons made him his residuary legatee (April, 1845); but theinnocent German was not strong enough to contend with Maitre Fraisier, agent of the Camusot de Marvilles, who were ignored in this will. Inspite of Topinard, to whom, in despair at the death of his friend, hewent to demand hospitality, in the Bordin district, Schmucke allowedhimself to be swindled, and was soon carried off by apoplexy. [CousinPons. ]

[*] Perhaps the former lodging place of Napoleon Bonaparte. 

SCHONTZ (Madame), name borne by Mademoiselle Schiltz, afterwardsMadame Fabien du Ronceret. (See this last name. )

SCHWAB (Wilhelm), born at Strasbourg in the early part of thenineteenth century, of the German family of Kehl, had Frederic (Fritz)Brunner as his friend, whose follies he shared, whose poverty herelieved, and with whom he went to Paris; there they went to the Hoteldu Rhin, rue du Mail, kept by Johann Graff, father of Emilie, andbrother of the famous tailor, Wolfgang Graff. Schwab kept books forthis rival of Humann and Staub. Several years later he played theflute at the theatre at which Sylvain Pons directed the orchestra. During an intermission at the first brilliant performance of "LaFiancee du Diable, " presented in the fall of 1844, Schwab invited Ponsthrough Schmucke to his approaching wedding; he married MademoiselleEmilie Graff--a love-match--and joined in business with FredericBrunner, who was a banker and enriched by the inheritance of hisfather's property. [Cousin Pons. ]

SCHWAB (Madame Wilhelm), wife of the preceding; born MademoiselleEmilie Graff; an accomplished beauty, niece of Wolfgang Graff, thewealthy tailor, who provided her with dowry. [Cousin Pons. ]

SCIO (Madame), a prominent singer of the Theatre Feydeau in 1798, wasvery beautiful in "Les Peruviens, " a comic opera by Mongenod, producedwith very indifferent success. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

SCOEVOLA (Mucius). Under this assumed name was concealed, during theTerror, a man who had been huntsman to the Prince de Conti, to whom heowed his fortune. A plasterer, and proprietor of a small house inParis, on about the highest point of the Faubourg Saint-Martin, [*]near the rue d'Allemagne, he affected an exaggerated civism, whichmasked an unfailing fidelity to the Bourbons, and he in somemysterious way afforded protection to Sisters Marthe and Agathe(Mesdemoiselles de Beauseant and de Langeais), nuns who had escapedfrom the Abbey of Chelles, and were, with Abbe de Marolles, takingrefuge under his roof. [An Episode under the Terror. ]

[*] His parish was the Saint-Laurent church, which for a while during the Revolution had the name of Temple of Fidelity. 

SECHARD (Jerome-Nicolas), born in 1743. After having been a workman ina printer's shop of Angouleme situated on the Place du Murier, thoughvery illiterate, he became its owner at the beginning of theRevolution; was acquainted at that time with the Marquis de Maucombe, married a woman that was provided with a certain competency, but soonlost her, after having by her a son, David. In the reign of LouisXVIII. , fearing the competition of Cointet, J. -N. Sechard retired fromactive life, selling his business to his son, whom he intentionallydeceived in the trade, and moved to Marsac, near Angouleme, where heraised grapes, and drank to excess. During all the latter part of hislife, Sechard mercilessly aggravated the commercial difficulties whichhis son David was struggling against. The old miser died about 1829, leaving property of some value. [Lost Illusions. ]

SECHARD (David), only son of the preceding, school-mate and friend ofLucien de Rubempre, learned the art of printing from the Didots ofParis. On one occasion, upon his return to his native soil, he gavemany evidences of his kindness and delicacy; having purchased hisfather's printing shop, he allowed himself to be deliberately cheatedand duped by him; employed as proof-reader Lucien de Rubempre, whosesister, Eve Chardon, he adored with a passion that was fullyreciprocated; he married her in spite of the poverty of both parties, for his business was on the decline. The expense involved, thecompetition of the Cointets, and especially his experiments asinventor in the hope of finding the secret of a particular way ofmaking paper, reduced him to very straitened circumstances. Indeed, everything combined to destroy Sechard; the cunning and power of theCointet house, the spying of the ungrateful Cerizet, formerly hisapprentice, the disorderly life of Lucien de Rubempre, and the jealousgreed of his father. A victim of the wiles of Cointet, Sechardabandoned his discovery, resigned himself to his fate, inherited fromhis father, and cheered by the devotion of the Kolbs, dwelt in Marsac, where Derville, led by Corentin, hunted him out with a view to gaininginformation as to the origin of Lucien de Rubempre's million. [LostIllusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

SECHARD (Madame David), wife of the preceding, born Eve Chardon in1804, daughter of a druggist of L'Houmeau (a suburb of Angouleme), anda member of the house of Rubempre; worked first at the house of MadamePrieur, a laundress, for the consideration of fifteen sous a day;manifested great devotion to her brother Lucien, and on marrying DavidSechard, in 1821, transferred her devotion to him; having undertakento manage the printing shop, she competed with Cerizet, Cointet, andPetit-Claud, and almost succeeded in softening Jerome-Nicolas Sechard. Madame Sechard shared with her husband the inheritance of old J. -N. Sechard, and was then the modest chatelaine of La Verberie, at Marsac. By her husband she had at least one child, named Lucien. MadameSechard was tall and of dark complexion, with blue eyes. [LostIllusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

SECHARD (Lucien), son of the preceding couple. [Lost Illusions. ]

SEGAUD, solicitor at Angouleme, was successor to Petit-Claud, amagistrate about 1824. [Lost Illusions. ]

SELERIER, called the Auvergnat, Pere Ralleau, Le Rouleur, andespecially Fil-de Soie, belonged to the aristocracy of the galleys, and was a member of the group of "Ten Thousand, " whose chief wasJacques Collin; the latter, however, suspected him of having sold himto the police, about 1819, when Bibi-Lupin arrested him at the Vauquerboarding-house. [Father Goriot. ] In his business Selerier alwaysavoided bloodshed. He was of philosophical turn, very selfish, incapable of love, and ignorant of the meaning of friendship. In May, 1830, when being a prisoner at the Conciergerie, and about to becondemned to fifteen years of forced labor, he saw and recognizedJacques Collin, the pseudo-Carlos Herrera, himself incriminated. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

SENONCHES (Jacques de), a noble of Angouleme, a great huntsman, stiffand haughty, a sort of wild boar; lived on very good terms with hiswife's lover, Francois du Hautoy, and attended Madame de Bargeton'sreceptions. [Lost Illusions. ]

SENONCHES (Madame Jacques de), wife of the preceding, bore the givenname of Zephirine, which was abbreviated to Zizine. By Francois duHautoy, her adored lover, she had a daughter, Francoise de la Haye, who was presented as her ward, and who became Madame Petit-Claud. [Lost Illusions. ]

SEPHERD (Carl), name assumed by Charles Grandet in the Indies, theUnited States, Africa, etc. , while he was in the slave-tradingbusiness. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

SERIZY, or Serisy (Comte Hugret de), born in 1765, descended in directline from the famous President Hugret, ennobled under Francois I. Themotto of this family was "I, semper melius eris, " so that the final_s_ of _melius_, the word _eris_, and the _I_ of the beginning, represented the name (Serizy) of the estate that had been made acounty. A son of a first president of Parliament (who died in 1794), Serizy was himself, as early as 1787, a member of the Grand Council;he did not emigrate during the Revolution, but remained in his estateof Serizy, near Arpajon; became a member of the Council of FiveHundred, and afterwards of the Council of State. The Empire made him acount and a senator. Hugret de Serizy was married, in 1806, toLeontine de Ronquerolles, the widow of General Gaubert. This unionmade him the brother-in-law of the Marquis de Ronquerolles, and theMarquis du Rouvre. Every honor was alloted to him in course;chamberlain under the Empire, he afterwards became vice-president ofthe Council of State, peer of France, Grand Cross of the Legion ofHonor, and member of the Privy Council. The glorious career of Serizy, who was an unusually industrious person, did not offer compensationfor his domestic misfortunes. Hard work and protracted vigils soonaged the high functionary, who was ever unable to win his wife'sheart; but he loved her and sheltered her none the less constantly. Itwas chiefly to avenge her for the indiscretion of the volatile youngOscar Husson, Moreau's godson, that he discharged the not overhoneststeward of Presles. [A Start in Life. ] The system of government thatsucceeded the Empire increased Serizy's influence and renown; he wasan intimate friend of the Bauvans and the Grandvilles. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Honorine. Modeste Mignon. ] His weakness in mattersconcerning his wife was such that he assisted her in person, when, inMay, 1830, she hastened to the Conciergerie in the hope of saving herlover, Lucien de Rubempre, and entered the cell where the young manhad just committed suicide. Serizy even consented to be executor ofthe poet's will. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

SERIZY (Comtesse de), wife of the preceding, born Leontine deRonquerolles about 1784, sister of the Marquis du Ronquerolles;married, as her first husband, General Gaubert, one of the mostillustrious soldiers of the Republic; married a second time, whenquite young, but could never entertain any feeling stronger thanrespect for M. De Serizy, her second husband, by whom, however, shehad a son, an officer, who was killed during the reign of LouisPhilippe. [A Start in Life. ] Worldly and brilliant, and a worthy rivalof Mesdames de Beauseant, de Langeais, de Maufrigneuse, de Carigliano, and d'Espard, Leontine de Serizy had several lovers, among them beingAuguste de Maulincour, Victor d'Aiglemont and Lucien de Rubempre. [TheThirteen. Ursule Mirouet. A Woman of Thirty. ] This last liaison was avery stormy one. Lucien acquired considerable influence over Madame deSerizy, and made use of it to reach the Marquise d'Espard, byeffecting an annulment of the decree which she had obtained againsther husband, the Marquis d'Espard, placing him under guardianship. Andso it was that, during Rubempre's imprisonment and after his suicide, she suffered the bitterest anguish. Leontine de Serizy almost brokethe bars of the Conciergerie, insulted Camusot, the examiningmagistrate, and seemed to be beside herself. The intervention ofJacques Collin saved her and cured her, when three famous physicians, Messieurs Bianchon, Desplein, and Sinard declared themselves powerlessto relieve her. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] During the winterthe Comtesse de Serizy lived on the Chaussee-d'Antin; during thesummer at Serizy, her favorite residence, or still more at Presles, and sometimes near Nemours in Le Rouvre, the seat of the family ofthat name. Being a neighbor, in Paris, of Felicite des Touches, shewas a frequent visitor of that emulator of George Sand, and was at herhouse when Marsay related the story of his first love-affair, takingpart herself in the conversation. [Another Study of Woman. ] Being amaternal aunt of Clementine du Rouvre, Madame de Serizy gave her ahandsome dowry when she married Laginski; with her brotherRonquerolles, at his home on the rue de la Pepiniere, she met ThaddeePaz, the Pole's comrade. [The Imaginary Mistress. ]

SERIZY (Vicomte de), only son of the preceding couple, graduated fromthe Ecole Polytechnique in 1825, and entered the cavalry regiment ofthe Garde Royale, by favor, as sub-lieutenant, under command of theDuc de Maufrigneuse; at this time Oscar Husson, nephew of Cardot, entered the same regiment as a private. [A Start in Life. ] In October, 1829, Serizy, being an officer in the company of the guards stationedat Havre, was instructed to inform M. De Verneuil, proprietor of somewell-stocked Norman "preserves, " that Madame could not participate inthe chase that he had organized. Having become enamored of Diane deMaufrigneuse, the viscount found her at Verneuil's house; she receivedhis attentions, as a means of avenging herself on Leontine de Serizy, then mistress of Lucien de Rubempre. [Modeste Mignon. ] Being advancedto the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a cavalry regiment, he wasseverely wounded at the disastrous battle of Macta, in Africa (June26, 1835), and died at Toulon as a result of his wounds. [TheImaginary Mistress. A Start in Life. ]

SERVAIS, the only good gilder in Paris, according to Elie Magus, whoseadvice he heeded; he had the good sense to use English gold, which isfar better than the French. Like the book-binder, Thouvenin, he was inlove with his own work. [Cousin Pons. ]

SERVIEN (Prudence), born, in 1806, at Valenciennes, daughter of verypoor weavers, was employed, from the age of seven years, in aspinning-mill; corrupted early by her life in the work-room, she was amother at the age of thirteen; having had to testify in the Court ofAssizes against Jean-Francois Durut, she made of him a formidableenemy, and fell into the power of Jacques Collin, who promised toshelter her from the resentment of the convict. She was at one time aballet-girl, and afterwards served as Esther van Gobseck'schamber-maid, under the names of Eugenie and Europe; was the mistressof Paccard, whom she very probably married afterwards; aided Vautrinin fooling Nucingen and getting money from him. [Scenes from aCourtesan's Life. ]

SERVIN, born about 1775, a distinguished painter, made a love-matchwith the daughter of a penniless general; in 1815 was manager of astudio in Paris, which was frequented by Mademoiselle Laure, andMesdemoiselles Mathilde-Melanie Roguin, Amelie Thirion and Ginevra diPiombo, the last three of whom were afterwards, respectively, MesdamesTiphaine, Camusot de Marville, and Porta. Servin at that time wasconcealing an exile who was sought by the police, namely Luigi Porta, who married the master's favorite pupil, Mademoiselle Ginevra diPiombo. [The Vendetta. ]

SERVIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, remembering that the romanceof Porta and Ginevra's love had been the cause of all his pupils'leaving her husband's studio, refused to shelter Mademoiselle dePiombo when driven from her father's home. [The Vendetta. ]

SEVERAC (De), born in 1764, a country gentleman, mayor of a village inthe canton of Angouleme, and the author of an article on silkworms, was received at Madame de Bargeton's in 1821. A widower, withoutchildren, and doubtless very rich, but not knowing the ways of theworld, one evening on the rue du Minage, he found as ready listenersonly the poor but aristocratic Madame du Brossard and her daughterCamille, a young woman of twenty-seven years. [Lost Illusions. ]

SIBILET, clerk of the court at Ville-aux-Fayes (Bourgogne), distantcousin of Francois Gaubertin, married a Mademoiselle Gaubertin-Vallat, and had by that marriage six children. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBILET (Adolphe), eldest of the six children of the preceding, bornabout 1793; was, at first, clerk to a notary, then an unimportantemploye in the land-registry office; and then, in the latter part ofthe year 1817, succeeded his cousin, Francois Gaubertin, in theadministration of Aigues, General de Montcornet's estate, inBourgogne. Sibilet had married Mademoiselle Adeline Sarcus (of thepoor branch), who bore him two children in three years; his selfishinterest and his personal obligations led him to gratify theill-feeling of his predecessor, by being disloyal to Montcornet. [ThePeasantry. ]

SIBILET (Madame Adolphe), wife of the preceding, born Adeline Sarcus, only daughter of a justice of the peace, rich with beauty as her solefortune, she was reared by her mother, in the little village ofSoulanges (Bourgogne), with all possible care. Not having been able tomarry Amaury Lupin (son of Lupin the notary), with whom she was inlove, in despair she allowed herself, three years after her mother'sdeath, to be married, by her father, to the disagreeable and repulsiveAdolphe Sibilet. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBILET, son of the court clerk, and police commissioner at Ville-auxFayes. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBILET (Mademoiselle), daughter of the court clerk, afterwards MadameHerve. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBILET, son of the court clerk, first clerk of Maitre Corbinet, notary at Ville-aux-Fayes, to whom he was the appointed successor. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBILET, son of the court clerk, and clerk in the Department of PublicLands, presumptive successor of the registrar of documents atVille-aux-Fayes. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBILET (Mademoiselle), daughter of the court clerk, born about 1807, postmistress at Ville-aux Fayes; betrothed to Captain Corbinet, brother of the notary. [The Peasantry. ]

SIBUELLE, a wealthy contractor of somewhat tarnished reputation duringthe Directory and the Consulate, gave his daughter in marriage toMalin de Gondreville, and through the credit of his son-in-law became, with Marion, co-receiver-general of the department of Aube. [TheGondreville Mystery. ]

SIBUELLE (Mademoiselle), only daughter of the preceding, became MadameMalin de Gondreville. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

SEYES (Emmanuel-Joseph), born in 1748 at Frejus, died in Paris in1836, was successively vicar-general of Chartres, deputy to theStates-General and the Convention, member of the Committee of PublicSafety, member of the Five Hundred, member of the Directory, consul, and senator; famous also as a publicist. In June, 1800, he might havebeen found in the Office of Foreign Relations, in the rue du Bac, where he took part with Talleyrand and Fouche, in a secret council, inwhich the subject of overthrowing Bonaparte, then First Consul, wasdiscussed. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

SIGNOL (Henriette), a beautiful girl; of a good family of farmers, inthe employ of Basine Clerget, a laundress at Angouleme; was themistress of Cerizet, whom she loved and trusted; served as a toolagainst David Sechard, the printer. [Lost Illusions. ]

SIMEUSE (Admiral de), father of Jean de Simeuse, was one of the mosteminent French seamen of the eighteenth century. [Beatrix. TheGondreville Mystery. Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

SIMEUSE (Marquis Jean de), whose name, "Cy meurs" or "Si meurs, " wasthe motto of the family crest, was descended from a noble family ofBourgogne, who were formerly owners of a Lorrain fief called Ximeuse, corrupted to Simeuse. M. De Simeuse counted a number of illustriousmen among his ancestors; he married Berthe de Cinq-Cygne; he wasfather of twins, Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul. He was guillotined atTroyes during the Terror; Michu's father-in-law presided over theRevolutionary tribunal that passed the death-sentence. [TheGondreville Mystery. ]

SIMEUSE (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, born Berthe deCinq-Cygne, was executed at Troyes at the same time with her husband. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

SIMEUSE (Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul), twin sons of the precedingcouple, born in 1773; grandsons on the father's side of the admiralwho was as famous for his dissipation as for his valor; descended fromthe original owners of the famous Gondreville estate in Aube, andbelonged to the noble Champagne family of the Chargeboeufs, theyounger branch of which was represented by their mother, Berthe deCinq-Cygne. Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul were among the emigrants; theyreturned to France about 1803. Both being in love with their cousin, Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, an ardent Royalist, they cast lots to decidewhich should be her husband; fate favored Marie-Paul, the younger, butcircumstances prevented the consummation of the marriage. The twinsdiffered only in disposition, and there in only one point: Paul-Mariewas melancholy, while Marie-Paul was of a bright disposition. Despitethe advice of their elderly relative, M. De Chargeboeuf, Messieurs deSimeuse compromised themselves with the Hauteserres; being watched byFouche, who sent Peyrade and Corentin to keep an eye on them, theywere accused of the abduction of Malin, of which they were not guilty, and sentenced to twenty-four years of penal servitude; were pardonedby Napoleon, entered as sub-lieutenants the same cavalry regiment, andwere killed together in the battle of Sommo-Sierra (near Madrid, November 30, 1808). [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

SIMONIN let carriages on the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore, Cour desCoches, Paris; about 1840, he let a berlin to Madame de Godollo, who, in accordance with the instructions of Corentin, the police-agent, waspretending to be taking a journey, but went no further than the Boisde Boulogne. [The Middle Classes. ]

SIMONNIN, in the reign of Louis XVIII. , was "errand-boy" to MaitreDerville on the rue Vivienne, Paris, when that advocate receivedHyacinthe Chabert. [Colonel Chabert]. 

SINARD, a Paris physician, was called, in May, 1830, together withMessieurs Desplein and Bianchon, to the bedside of Leontine de Serizy, who had lost her reason after the tragic end of her lover, Lucien deRubempre. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

SINET (Seraphine), a celebrated lorette, born in 1820, known by thesobriquet of Carabine, was present at Josepha Mirah's house-warming onthe rue de la Ville-l'Eveque, in 1838. Five years later, being thenmistress of the wealthy F. Du Tillet, Mademoiselle Sinet supplantedthe vivacious Marguerite Turquet as queen of the lorettes. [CousinBetty. ] A woman of splendid appearance, Seraphine was one of themarching chorus at the Opera, and occupied the fine apartment on therue Saint-Georges, where before her Suzanne du Val-Noble, Esther vanGobseck, Florine, and Madame Schontz had reigned. Of ready wit, dashing manners, and impish brazenness, Carabine held many successfulreceptions. Every day her table was set in magnificent style for tenguests. Artists, men of letters, and society favorites were among herfrequent visitors. S. -P. Gazonal was taken to see her, in 1845, byLeon de Lora and Bixiou, together with Jenny Cadine of the Theatre duGymnase; and there he met Massol, Claude Vignon, Maxime de Trailles, Nucingen, F. Du Bruel, Malaga, Monsieur and Madame Gaillard, andVauvinet, with a multitude of others, to say nothing of F. Du Tillet. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

SINOT, attorney at Arcis-sur-Aube, commanded the patronage of the"Henriquinquistes" (partisans of Henri V. ) in 1839, when the districthad to elect a deputy to replace M. Francois Keller. [The Member forArcis. ]

SOCQUARD, during the Empire and the Restoration, kept the Cafe de laPaix at Soulanges (Bourgogne). The Milo of Crotona of the AvonneValley, a stout little man, of placid countenance, and a high, clearvoice. He was manager of the Tivoli, a dancing-hall adjoining thecafe. Monsieur Vermichel, violin, and Monsieur Fourchon, clarinet, constituted the orchestra. Plissoud, Bonnebault, Viallet, and AmauryLupin were steady patrons of his establishment, which was long famousfor its billiards, its punch, and its mulled wine. In 1823, Socquardlost his wife. [The Peasantry. ]

SOCQUARD (Madame Junie), wife of the preceding, had many thrillinglove-affairs during the Empire. She was very beautiful, and herluxurious mode of living, to which the leading men of Soulangescontributed, was notorious in the Avonne valley. Lupin, the notary, had been guilty of great weakness in her direction, and Gaubertin, whotook her away from him, unquestionably had by her a natural son, little Bournier. Junie was the secret of the prosperity of theSocquard house. She brought her husband a vineyard, the house he livedin, and the Tivoli. She died in the reign of Louis XVIII. [ThePeasantry. ]

SOCQUARD (Aglae), daughter of the preceding couple, born in 1801, inherited her father's ridiculous obesity. Being sought in marriage byBonnebault, whom her father esteemed highly as a customer, but littleas a son-in-law, she excited the jealousy of Marie Tonsard, and wasalways at daggers drawn with her. [The Peasantry. ]

SODERINI (Prince), father of Madame d'Argaiolo, who was afterwards theDuchesse Alphonse de Rhetore; at Besancon, in 1834, he demanded ofAlbert Savarus his daughter's letters and portrait. His sudden arrivalcaused a hasty departure on the part of Savarus, then a candidate forelection to the Chamber of Deputies, and ignorant of Madamed'Argaiolo's approaching second marriage. [Albert Savarus. ]

SOLIS (Abbe de), born about 1733, a Dominican, grand penitentiary ofToledo, vicar-general of the Archbishopric of Malines; a venerablepriest, unassuming, kindly and large of person. He adopted Emmanuel deSolis, his brother's son, and, retiring to Douai, under the acceptableprotection of the Casa-Reals, was confessor and adviser of their lastdescendant, Madame Balthazar Claes. The Abbe de Solis died inDecember, 1818. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

SOLIS (Emmanuel), nephew and adopted son of the preceding. Poor, andof a family originally from Granada, he responded well to theexcellent education that he received, followed the teacher's calling, taught the humanities at the lyceum at Douai, of which he wasafterwards principal, and gave lessons to the brothers of MargueriteClaes, whom he loved, the feeling being reciprocated. He married herin 1825; the more fully to enjoy his good fortune, he resigned theposition as inspector of the University, which he then held. Shortlyafterwards he inherited the title of Comte de Nourho, through thehouse of Solis. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

SOLIS (Madame Emmanuel de), wife of the preceding, born MargueriteClaes, in 1796, elder sister of Madame Felicie Pierquin, whose husbandhad first sought her hand, received from her dying mother theinjunction to contend respectfully, but firmly, against her father'sfoolish efforts as inventor; and, in compliance with her mother'sinjunctions, by dint of great perseverance, succeeded in restoring thefamily fortunes that had been more than endangered. Madame de Solisgave birth to a child, in the course of a trip to Spain, where she wasvisiting Casa-Real, the cradle of her mother's family. [The Quest ofthe Absolute. ]

SOLONET, born in 1795, obtained the decoration of the Legion of Honorfor having made very active contribution to the second return of theBourbons; was the youthful and worldly notary of Bordeaux; in thedrawing up of the marriage contract between Natalie Evangelista andPaul de Manerville, he triumphed over the objections raised by hiscolleague, Mathias, who was defender of the Manerville interests. Solonet paid the most devoted attentions of a lover to MadameEvangelista, but his love was not returned, and he sought her hand invain. [A Marriage Settlement. ]

SOLVET, a handsome youth, but addicted to gaming and other vices, loved by Caroline Crochard de Bellefeuille and preferred by her toMonsieur de Granville, her generous protector. Solvet madeMademoiselle Crochard very unhappy, ruined her, but was none the lessadored by her. These facts were known to Bianchon, and related by himto the Comte de Granville, whom he met, one evening, in the reign ofLouis Philippe, near rue Gaillon. [A Second Home. ]

SOMMERVIEUX (Theodore de), a painter, winner of the prix de Rome, knight of the Legion of Honor, was particularly successful ininteriors; and excelled in chiaro-oscuro effects, in imitation of theDutch. He made an excellent reproduction of the interior of the Catand Racket, on the rue Saint-Denis, which he exhibited at the Salon atthe same time with a fascinating portrait of his future wife, Mademoiselle Guillaume, with whom he fell madly in love, and whom hemarried in 1808, almost in spite of her parents, and thanks to thekind offices of Madame Roguin, whom he knew in his society life. Themarriage was not a happy one; the daughter of the Guillaumes adoredSommervieux without understanding him. The painter often neglected hisrooms on the rue des Trois-Freres (now a part of the rue Taitbout) andtransferred his homage to the Marechale de Carigliano. He had anincome of twelve thousand francs; before the Revolution his father wascalled the Chevalier de Sommervieux. [At the Sign of the Cat andRacket. ] Theodore de Sommervieux designed a monstrance for Gohier, theking's goldsmith; this monstrance was bought by Madame Baudoyer andgiven to the church of Saint-Paul, at the time of the death of F. Dela Billardiere, head clerk of the administration, whose position shedesired for her husband. [The Government Clerks. ] Sommervieux alsodrew vignettes for the works of Canalis. [Modeste Mignon. ]

SOMMERVIEUX (Madame Theodore de), wife of the preceding, bornAugustine Guillaume, about 1792, second daughter of the Guillaumes ofthe Cat and Racket (a drapery establishment on the rue Saint-Denis, Paris), had a sad life that was soon wrecked; for, with the exceptionof Madame Roguin, her family never understood her aspirations to ahigher ideal, or the feeling that prompted her to choose Theodore deSommervieux. Mademoiselle Guillaume was married about the middle ofthe Empire, at her parish church, Saint-Leu, on the same day that hersister was married to Lebas, the clerk, and immediately after theceremony referred to. A little less coarse in her feelings than herparents and their associates, but insignificant enough at best, without being aware of it she displeased the painter, and chilled theenthusiasm of her husband's studio friends, Schinner, Bridau, Bixiou, and Lora. Grassou, who was very much of a countryman, was the only onethat refrained from laughing at her. Worn out at last, she tried towin back the heart that had become the possession of Madame deCarigliano; she even went to consult her rival, but could not use theweapons supplied her by the coquettish wife of the marshal, and diedof a broken heart shortly after the famous ball given by CesarBirotteau, to which she was invited. She was buried in Montmartrecemetery. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. Cesar Birotteau. ]

SONET, marble-worker and contractor for tombstones, at Paris, duringthe Restoraton and Louis Philippe's reign. When Pons died, themarble-worker sent his agent to Schmucke to solicit an order forstatues of Art and Friendship grouped together. Sonet had thedraughtsman Vitelot as partner. The firm name was Sonet & Co. [CousinPons. ]

SONET (Madame), wife of the preceding, knew how to lavish attentionsno less zealous than selfish on W. Schmucke, when he returned, broken-hearted, from Pere-Lachaise, in April, 1845, and suggested tohim, with some modifications however, to take certain allegoricalmonuments which the families of Marsay and Keller had formerly refused, preferring to apply to a genuine artist, the sculptor Stidmann. [Cousin Pons. ]

SOPHIE, rival, namesake and contemporary of the famous Sophie, DoctorVeron's "blue ribbon, " about 1844, was cook to the Comte Popinot onthe rue Basse-du-Rempart, Paris. She must have been a remarkableculinary artist, for Sylvain Pons, reduced, in consequence of breakingwith the Camusots, to dining at home, on the rue de Normandie, everyday, often exclaimed in fits of melancholy, "O Sophie!" [Cousin Pons. ]

SORBIER, a Parisian notary, to whom Chesnel (Choisnel) wrote, in 1822, from Normandie, to commend to his care the rattle-brained Victurniend'Esgrignon. Unfortunately Sorbier was dead, and the letter was sentto his widow. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

SORBIER (Madame), wife of the preceding, mentioned in Chesnel's (orChoisnel's) letter of 1822, concerning Victurnien d'Esgrignon. Shescarcely read the note, and simply sent it to her deceased husband'ssuccessor, Maitre Cardot. Thus the widow unwittingly served M. DuBousquier (du Croisier), the enemy of the D'Esgrignons. [Jealousies ofa Country Town. ]

SORIA (Don Ferdinand, Duc de), younger brother of Don Felipe deMacumer, overwhelmed with kindness by his elder brother, owing him theduchy of Soria as well as the hand of Marie Heredia, both beingvoluntarily renounced by the elder brother. Soria was not ungrateful;he hastened to his dying brother's bedside in 1829. The latter's deathmade Don Ferdinand Baron de Macumer. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

SORIA (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, born Marie Heredia, daughter of the wealthy Comte Heredia, was loved by two brothers, DonFerdinand, Duc de Soria, and Don Felipe de Macumer. Though betrothedto the latter, she married the former, in accordance with her wishes, the Baron de Macumer having generously renounced her hand in favor ofDon Ferdinand. The duchess retained a feeling of deep gratitude to himfor his unselfishness, and at a later time bestowed every care on himin his last illness (1829). [Letters of Two Brides. ]

SORMANO, the "shy" servant of the Argaiolos, at the time of theirexile in Switzerland, figures, as a woman, under the name of Gina, inthe autobiographical novel of Albert Savarus, entitled "L'Ambitieuxpar l'Amour. " [Albert Savarus. ]

SOUCHET, a broker at Paris, whose failure ruined Guillaume Grandet, brother of the well-known cooper of Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet. ]

SOUCHET (Francois), winner of the prix de Rome for his sculpture, about the beginning of Louis XVIII. 's reign; an intimate friend ofHippolyte Schinner, who confided to him his love for AdelaideLeseigneur de Rouville, and was rallied on it by him. [The Purse. ]About 1835, with Steinbock's assistance, Souchet carved the panelsover the doors and mantels of Laginski's magnificent house on the ruede la Pepiniere, Paris. [The Imaginary Mistress. ] He had given toFlorine (afterwards Madame Raoul Nathan) a plaster cast of a grouprepresenting an angel holding an aspersorium, which adorned theactress's sumptuous apartments in 1834. [A Daughter of Eve. ]

SOUDRY, born in 1773, a quartermaster, secured a valuable friend in M. De Soulanges, then adjutant-general, by saving him at the peril of hisown life. Having become brigadier of gendarmes at Soulanges(Bourgogne), Soudry, in 1815, married Mademoiselle Cochet, SophieLaguerre's former lady's-maid. Six years later, he was put on theretired list, at the request of Montcornet, and replaced in hisbrigade by Viallet; but, supported by the influence of FrancoisGaubertin, he was elected mayor of Soulanges, and became theformidable enemy of the Montcornets. Like Gregoire Rigou, his son'sfather-in-law, the old gendarme kept as his mistress, under the sameroof with his wife, his servant Jeannette, who was younger than MadameSoudry. [The Peasantry. ]

SOUDRY (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Cochet in 1763. Lady's-maid to Sophie Laguerre, Montcornet's predecessor at Aigues, she had an understanding with Francois Gaubertin, the steward of theestate, to make a victim of the former opera singer. Twenty daysafter the burial of her mistress, La Cochet married the brigadier, Soudry, a superb specimen of manhood, though pitted with small-pox. During the reign of Louis XVIII. , Madame Soudry, who tried awkwardlyenough to imitate her late mistress, Sophie Laguerre, reigned supremein the society of Soulanges, in her parlor which was the meetingground of Montcornet's enemies. [The Peasantry. ]

SOUDRY, natural son of Soudry, the brigadier of gendarmes; legitimizedat the time of his father's marriage to Mademoiselle Cochet, in 1815. On the day on which Soudry became legally possessed of a mother, hehad just finished his course at Paris. There he knew Gaubertin's son, during a stay which he had at first intended to make long enough toentitle him to be registered as an advocate, and eventually to enterthe legal profession; but he returned to Bourgogne to take charge ofan attorney's practice for which his father paid thirty thousandfrancs. However, abandoning pettifoggery, Soudry soon found himselfdeputy king's attorney in a department of Bourgogne, and, in 1817, king's attorney under Attorney-General Bourlac, whom he replaced in1821, thanks to the influence of Francois Gaubertin. He then marriedMademoiselle Rigou. [The Peasantry. ]

SOUDRY (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Arsene Rigou, the onlydaughter of wealthy parents, Gregoire Rigou and Arsene Pichard;resembled her father in cunningness of character, and her mother inbeauty. [The Peasantry. ]

SOULANGES (Comte Leon de), born in 1777, was colonel of the artilleryguard in 1809. In the month of November of that year, he found himselfthe guest of the Malin de Gondrevilles, in their mansion in Paris, onthe evening of a great party; he met there Montcornet, a friend of hisin the regiment; Madame de Vaudremont, who had once been his mistress, accompanied by the Martial de la Roche-Hugon, her new lover; andfinally his deserted wife, Madame de Soulanges, who had abandonedsociety, but who had come to the senator's house at the instigation ofMadame de Lansac, with a view to a reconciliation, which wassuccessfully carried out. [Domestic Peace. ] Leon de Soulanges hadseveral children as a result of his marriage; a son and somedaughters; having refused one of his daughters in marriage toMontcornet, on the ground that she was too young, he made an enemy ofthat general. The count, remaining faithful to the Bourbons during theHundred Days, was made a peer of France and a general in the artillerycorps. Enjoying the favor of the Duc d'Angouleme, he was allowed acommand during the Spanish war (1823), gained prominence at the seigeof Cadiz and attained the highest degrees in the military hierarchy. Monsieur de Soulanges, who was very rich, owned, in the territory ofthe commune of Blangy (Bourgogne), a forest and a chateau adjoiningthe Aigues estate, which had itself once belonged to the house ofSoulanges. At the time of the Crusades, an ancestor of the count hadcreated this domain. Soulanges's motto was: "Je soule agir. " Like M. De Ronquerolles he got on badly enough with his neighbor Montcornetand seemed to favor Francois Gaubertin, Gregoire Rigou and Soudry, intheir opposition to the future marshal. [The Peasantry. ]

SOULANGES (Comtesse Hortense de), wife of the preceding, and niece ofthe Duchesses de Lansac and de Marigny. In November, 1809, at a ballgiven by Malin de Gondreville, acting on the advice of Madame deLansac, the countess, then on bad terms with her husband, conqueredher proud timidity, and demanded of Martial de la Roche-Hugon a ringthat she had received originally from her husband; M. De Soulanges hadafterwards passed it on to his mistress, Madame de Vaudremont, who hadgiven it to her lover, M. De la Roche-Hugon; this restitution effectedthe reconciliation of the couple. [Domestic Peace. ] Hortense deSoulanges inherited from Madame de Marigny (who died about 1820) theGuebriant estate, with its encumbrance of an annuity. [The Thirteen. ]Madame de Soulanges followed her husband to Spain at the time of thewar of 1823. [The Peasantry. ]

SOULANGES (Amelie de), youngest daughter of the preceding couple, would have married the Comte Philippe de Brambourg, in 1828, but forthe condemning revelations made by Bixiou concerning Joseph Bridau'sbrother. [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]

SOULANGES (Vicomte de), probably a brother of the preceding, was, in1836, commander of a squad of hussars at Fountainebleau; then, incompany with Maxime de Trailles, he was going to be second to Saviniende Portenduere in a duel with Desire Minoret, but the duel wasprevented by the unforeseen death of the latter; the underlying causewas the disgraceful conduct of the Minoret-Levraults towards UrsuleMirouet, future Vicomtesse de Portenduere. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

SOULAS (Amedee-Sylvain-Jacques de), born in 1809, a gentleman ofBesancon, of Spanish origin (the name was written Souleyas, whenFranche-Comte belonged to Spain), succeeded in shining brightly in thecapital of Doubs on an income of four thousand francs, which allowedhim to employ the services of "Babylas, the tiger. " Such discrepancybetween his means and his manner of living may well convey an idea ofthis fellow's character, seeing that he sought in vain the hand ofRosalie de Watteville, but married, in the month of August, 1837, Madame de Watteville, her widowed mother. [Albert Savarus. ]

SOULAS (Madame Amedee de), born Clotilde-Louise de Rupt in 1798, sternin features and in character, a blonde of the extreme type, wasmarried, in 1815, to the Baron de Watteville, whom she managed withlittle difficulty. She did not find it so easy, however, to govern herdaughter, Rosalie, whom she vainly tried to force to marry M. DeSoulas. The pressure, at Besancon, of Albert Savarus, who was secretlyloved by Mademoiselle de Watteville, gave a political significance tothe salon of Rosalie's parents during the reign of Louis Philippe. Tired of her daughter's obstinacy, Madame de Watteville, now a widow, herself married M. De Soulas; she lived in Paris, in the winter atleast, and knew how to be mistress of her house there, as she alwayshad been elsewhere. [Albert Savarus. ]

SPARCHMANN, hospital surgeon at Heilsberg, attended Colonel Chabertafter the battle of Eylau. [Colonel Chabert. ]

SPENCER (Lord), about 1830, at Balthazar Claes's sale, bought somemagnificent wainscoting that had been carved by Van Huysum, as well asthe portrait of President Van Claes, a Fleming of the sixteenthcentury, --family treasures which the father of Mesdames de Solis andPierquin was obliged to give up. [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

SPIEGHALTER, a German mechanician, who lived in Paris on the rue de laSante, in the early part of Louis Philippe's reign, made unsuccessfulefforts, with the aid of pressure, hammering and rolling, to stretchthe anomalous piece of shagreen submitted to him by Raphael deValentin, at the suggestion of Planchette, professor of mechanics. [The Magic Skin. ]

SPONDE (Abbe de), born about 1746, was grand vicar of the bishopric ofSeez. Maternal uncle, guardian, guest, and boarder of Madame duBousquier--_nee_ Cormon--of Alencon; he died in 1819, almost blind, and strangely depressed by his niece's recent marriage. Entirelyremoved from worldly interests, he led an ascetic life, and anuneventful one, entirely consumed in thoughts of salvation, mortifications of the flesh, and secret works of charity. [Jealousiesof a Country Town. ]

STAEL-HOLSTEIN (Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, Baronne de), daughter ofthe famous Necker of Geneva, born in Paris in 1766; became the wife ofthe Swiss minister to France; author of "l'Allemagne, " of "Corinne, "and of "Delphine"; noted for her struggle against Napoleon Bonaparte;mother-in-law of the Duc Victor de Broglie and grandmother of thegeneration of the Broglies of the present day; died in the year 1817. At various times she lived in the Vendomois in temporary exile. Duringone of her first stays in the Loire, she was greeted with the singularformula of admiration, "Fameuse garce!" [The Chouans. ] At a laterperiod, Madame de Stael came upon Louis Lambert, then a ragged urchin, absorbed in reading a translation of Swedenborg's "Heaven and Hell. "She was struck with him, and had him educated at the college ofVendome, where he had the future minister, Jules Dufaure, as his booncompanion; but she forgot her protege, who was ruined rather thanbenefited by this passing interest. [Louis Lambert. ] About 1823 Louisede Chaulieu (Madame Marie Gaston) believed that Madame de Stael wasstill alive, though she died in 1817. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

STANHOPE (Lady Esther), niece of Pitt, met Lamartine in Syria, whodescribed her in his "Voyage en Orient"; had sent Lady Dudley anArabian horse, that the latter gave to Felix de Vandenesse in exchangefor a Rembrandt. [The Lily of the Valley. ] Madame de Bargeton, growingweary of Angouleme in the first years of the Restoration, was enviousof this "blue-stocking of the desert. " Lady Esther's father, EarlCharles Stanhope, Viscount Mahon, a peer of England, and adistinguished scholar, invented a printing press, known to fame as theStanhope press, of which the miserly and mechanical Jerome-NicholasSechard expressed a contemptuous opinion to his son. [Lost Illusions. ]

STAUB, a German, and a Parisian tailor of reputation; in 1821, madefor Lucien de Rubempre, presumably on credit, some garments that hewent in person to try on the poet at the Hotel du Gaillard-Bois, onthe rue de l'Echelle. Shortly afterwards, he again favored Lucien, whowas brought to his establishment by Coralie. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ]

STEIBELT, a famous musician, during the Empire was the instructor ofFelicite des Touches at Nantes. [Beatrix. ]

STEINBOCK (Count Wenceslas), born at Prelie (Livonia) in 1809;great-nephew of one of Charles XII. 's generals. An exile from his youth, he went to Paris to live, and, from inclination as much as on account ofhis poverty, he became a carver and sculptor. As assistant to FrancoisSouchet, a fellow-countryman of Laginski's, Wenceslas Steinbock workedon the decorations of the Pole's mansion, on the rue de la Pepiniere. [The Imaginary Mistress. ] Living amid squalor on the rue du Doyenne, he was saved from suicide by his spinster neighbor, Lisbeth Fischer, who restored his courage and determination, and aided him with herresources. Wenceslas Steinbock then worked and succeeded. A chancethat brought one of his works to the notice of the Hulot d'Ervysbrought him into connection with these people; he fell in love withtheir daughter, and, the love being returned, he married her. Ordersthen came in quick succession to Wenceslas, living, as he did, on therue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, near the Esplanade des Invalides, not far from the marble stores, where the government had allowed him astudio. His services were secured for the work of a monument to beerected to the Marechal de Montcornet. But Lisbeth Fischer'svindictive hatred, as well as his own weakness of character, causedhim to fall beneath the fatal dominion of Valerie Marneffe, whoselover he became; with Stidmann, Vignon, and Massol, he witnessed thatwoman's second marriage. Steinbock returned to the conjugal domicileon the rue Louis-le-Grand, towards the latter part of Louis Philippe'sreign. An exhausted artist, he confined himself to the barren role ofcritic; idle reverie replaced power of conception. [Cousin Betty. ]

STEINBOCK (Countess Wenceslas), wife of the preceding; born HortenseHulot d'Ervy in 1817; daughter of Hector Hulot d'Ervy and AdelineFischer; younger sister of Victorin Hulot. Beautiful, and occupying abrilliant position in society through her parents, but lacking dowry, she made choice of husband for herself. Endowed with enduring pride ofspirit, Madame Steinbock could with difficulty excuse Wenceslas forbeing unfaithful, and pardoned his disloyalty only after a long while. Her trials ended with the last years of Louis Philippe's reign. Thewisdom and foresight of her brother Victorin, coupled with the resultsof the wills of the Marechal Hulot, Lisbeth Fischer, and ValerieCrevel, at last brought wealth to the countess's household, who livedsuccessively on the rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, the rue Plumet, and the rue Louis-le-Grand. [Cousin Betty. ]

STEINBOCK (Wenceslas), only son of the preceding couple, born when hisparents were living together, stayed with his mother after theirseparation. [Cousin Betty. ]

STEINGEL, an Alsatian, natural son of General Steingel, who fell atthe beginning of the Italian campaigns during the Republic; was, inBourgogne, about 1823, under head-keeper Michaud, one of the threekeepers of Montcornet's estates. [The Gondreville Mystery. ThePeasantry. ]

STEVENS (Miss Dinah), born in 1791, daughter of an English brewer, ugly enough, saving, and puritanical, had an income of two hundred andforty thousand francs and expectations of as much more at her father'sdeath; the Marquise de Vordac, who met her at some watering-place in1827, spoke of her to her son Marsay, as a very fine match, and Marsaypretended that he was to marry the heiress; which he probably did, forhe left a widow that erected to him, at Pere-Lachaise, a superbmonument, the work of Stidmann. [A Marriage Settlement. Cousin Pons. ]

STIDMANN, a celebrated carver and sculptor of Paris at the times ofthe Restoration and Louis Philippe; Wenceslas Steinbock's teacher; hecarved, for the consideration of seven thousand francs, arepresentation of a fox-chase on the ruby-set gold handle of a ridingwhip that Ernest de la Briere gave to Modeste Mignon. [ModesteMignon. ] At the request of Fabien de Ronceret, Stidmann undertook todecorate an apartment for him on the rue Blanche [Beatrix. ], he madethe originals of a chimney-piece for the Hulot d'Ervys; was among theguests invited by Mademoiselle Brisetout at her little house-warmingon the rue Chauchat (1838); the same year he was present at thecelebration of Wenceslas Steinbock's marriage with Hortense Hulot;knew Dorlange-Sallenauve; with Vignon, Steinbock and Massol, he was awitness of Valerie Marneffe's second marriage to Celestin Crevel;entertained a secret love for Madame Steinbock when she was neglectedby her husband [The Member for Arcis. Cousin Betty. ]; executed thework of Charles Keller's and Marsay's monuments. [Cousin Pons. ] In1845 Stidmann entered the Institute. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

STOPFER (Monsieur and Madame), formerly coopers at Neuchatel, in 1823;were proprietors of an inn at Gersau (canton of Lucerne), near thelake, to which Rodolphe came. The same village sheltered theGandolphinis, disguised under the name of Lovelace. [Albert Savarus. ]

SUCY (General Baron Philippe de), born in 1789, served under theEmpire; on one occasion, at the crossing of the Beresina, he tried toassure the safety of his mistress, Stephanie de Vandieres, a general'swife, of whom he afterwards lost all trace. Seven years later, however, being a colonel and an officer in the Legion of Honor, whilehunting with his friend, the Marquis d'Albon, near the Isle-Adam, Sucyfound Madame de Vandieres insane, under the charge of the alienistFanjat, and he undertook to restore her reason. With this end in view, he arranged an exact reproduction of the parting scenes of 1812, on anestate of his at Saint-Germain. The mad-woman recognized him indeed, but she died immediately. Having gained the promotion of general, Sucycommitted suicide, the prey of incurable despair. [Farewell. ]

SUZANNE, real given name of Madame Theodore Gaillard. 

SUZANNET was, with the Abbe Vernal, the Comte de Fontaine, and M. DeChatillon, one of the four Vendean chiefs at the time of the uprisingin the West in 1799. [The Chouans. ]

SUZETTE, during the first years of Louis XVIII. 's reign, waslady's-maid to Antoinette de Langeais, in Paris, about the time thatthe duchess was receiving attentions from Montriveau. [The Thirteen. ]

SUZON was for a long time valet de chambre for Maxime de Trailles. [AMan of Business. The Member for Arcis. ]

SYLVIE, cook for Madame Vauquer, the widow, on the rueNeuve-Saint-Genevieve, during the years 1819 and 1820, at the timewhen Jean-Joachim Goriot, Eugene de Rastignac, Jacques Collin, Horace Bianchon, the Poirets, Madame Couture, and Victorine Tailleferboarded there. [Father Goriot. ]

 T

TABAREAU, bailiff of the justice of the peace in the eighth ward ofParis in 1844-1845. He was on good terms with Fraisier, the businessagent. Madame Cibot, door-keeper, on the rue de Normandie, retainedTabareau to make a demand for her upon Schmucke for the payment ofthree thousand one hundred and ninety-two francs, due her from theGerman musician and Pons, for board, lodging, taxes, etc. [CousinPons. ]

TABAREAU (Mademoiselle), only child of Tabareau, the bailiff; a large, red-haired consumptive; was heir, through her mother, of a house onthe Place Royale; a fact which made her hand sought by Fraisier, thebusiness agent. [Cousin Pons. ]

TABOUREAU, formerly a day-laborer, and afterwards, during theRestoration, a grain-dealer and money-lender in the commune of Isere, of which Doctor Benassis was mayor. He was a thin man, very wrinkled, bent almost double, with thin lips, and a hooked chin that almost madeconnection with his nose, little gray eyes spotted with black, and assly as a horse-trader. [The Country Doctor. ]

TAILLEFER (Jean-Frederic), born about 1779 at Beauvais; by means of acrime, in 1799, he laid the foundations of his fortune, which wasconsiderable. In an inn near Andernach, Rhenish Prussia, Jean-FredericTaillefer, then a surgeon in the army, killed and robbed, one night, arich native tradesman, Monsieur Walhenfer, by name; however, he wasnever incommoded by this murder; for accusing appearances pointed tohis friend, colleague and fellow-countryman, Prosper Magnan, who wasexecuted. Returning to Paris, J. -F. Taillefer was from that time fortha wealthy and honored personage. He was captain of the first companyof grenadiers of the National Guard, and an influencial banker;received much attention during the funeral obsequies of J. -B. D'Aldrigger; made successful speculations in Nucingen's third venture. He was married twice, and was brutal in his treatment of his firstwife (a relative of Madame Couture) who bore him two children, Frederic-Michel and Victorine. He was owner of a magnificent mansionon the rue Joubert. In Louis Philippe's reign he entertained in thismansion with one of the most brilliant affairs ever known, accordingto the account of the guests present, among whom were Blondet, Rastignac, Valentin, Cardot, Aquilina de la Garde, and Euphrasie. M. Taillefer suffered, nevertheless, morally and physically; in the firstplace because of the crime that he had previously committed, forremorse for this deed came over him every fall, that being the time ofits perpetration; in the second place, because of gout in the head, according to Doctor Brousson's diagnosis. Though well cared for by hissecond wife, and by his daughter of the first wife, Jean-Frederic diedsome time after a sumptuous feast given at his house. An eveningpassed in the salon of a banker, father of Mademoiselle Fanny, hastened Taillefer's end; for there he was obliged to listen toHermann's story about the unjust martyrdom of Magnan. The funeralnotice read as follows: "You are invited to be present at the funeralservices of M. Jean-Frederic Taillefer, of the firm Taillefer &Company, formerly contractor for supplies, in his life-time Knight ofthe Legion of Honor and of the Golden Spur, Captain of the NationalGuard of Paris, died May 1st, at his mansion, rue Joubert. Theservices will be conducted at --, etc. In behalf of----, " etc. [TheFirm of Nucingen. Father Goriot. The Magic Skin. The Red Inn. ]

TAILLEFER (Madame), first wife of the preceding, and mother ofFrederic-Michel and Victorine Taillefer. As the result of the harshtreatment by her husband, who unjustly suspected her of beingunfaithful, she died of a broken heart, presumably at quite an earlyage. [Father Goriot. ]

TAILLEFER (Madame), second wife of Jean-Frederic Taillefer, whomarried her as a speculation, but even then made her happy. She seemedto be devoted to him. [The Red Inn. ]

TAILLEFER (Frederic-Michel), son of Jean-Frederic Taillefer by hisfirst wife, did not even try to protect his sister, Victorine, fromher father's unjust persecutions. Designated heir of the whole of hisfather's great fortune, he was killed, in 1819, near Clignancourt, bya dexterous and unerring stroke, in a duel with Colonel Franchessini, the duel being instigated by Jacques Collin, in the interest of Eugenede Rastignac, though the latter knew nothing of the matter. [FatherGoriot. ]

TAILLEFER (Victorine), sister of the preceding, and daughter ofJean-Frederic Taillefer by his first wife; a distant cousin of MadameCouture; her mother having died in 1819, she wrongfully passed in herfather's opinion for "the child of adulterous connections"; was turnedaway from her father's house, and sought protection with herkinswoman, Madame Couture, the widow of Couture the ordainer, on therue Neuve-Saint-Genevieve, in Madame Vauquer's boarding-house; thereshe fell in love with Eugene de Rastignac; by the death of her brothershe became heir to all the property of her father, Jean-FredericTaillefer, whose death-bed she comforted in every way possible. Victorine Taillefer probably remained single. [Father Goriot. The RedInn. ]

TALLEYRAND-PERIGORD (Charles-Maurice de), Prince de Benevent, Bishopof Autun, ambassador and minister, born in Paris, in 1754, died in1838, at his home on the rue Saint-Florentin. [*] Talleyrand gaveattention to the insurrectional stir that arose in Bretagne, under thedirection of the Marquis de Montauran, about 1799. [The Chouans. ] Thefollowing year (June, 1800), on the eve of the battle of Marengo, M. De Talleyrand conferred with Malin de Gondreville, Fouche, Carnot, andSieyes, about the political situation. In 1804 he received M. DeChargeboeuf, M. D'Hauteserre the elder, and the Abbe Goujet, who cameto urge him to have the names of Robert and Adrien d'Hauteserre andPaul-Marie and Marie-Paul de Simeuse erased from the list ofemigrants; some time afterwards, when these latter were condemned, despite their innocence, as guilty of the abduction and detention ofSenator Malin, he made every effort to secure their pardon, at theearnest instance of Maitre Bordin, as well as the Marquis deChargeboeuf. At the hour of the execution of the Duc d'Enghien, whichhe had perhaps advised, he was found with Madame de Luynes in time togive her the news of it, at the exact moment of its happening. M. DeTalleyrand was very fond of Antoinette de Langeais. A frequent visitorof the Chaulieus, he was even more intimate with their near relative, the elderly Princesse de Vauremont, who made him executor of her will. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Thirteen. Letters of Two Brides. ]Fritot, in selling his famous "Selim" shawl to Mistress Noswell, madeuse of a cunning that certainly would not have deceived theillustrious diplomat; one day, indeed, on noticing the hesitation of afashionable lady as between two bracelets, Talleyrand asked theopinion of the clerk who was showing the jewelry, and advised thepurchase of the one rejected by the latter. [Gaudissart II. ]

[*] Alexander I. , Czar of Russia, once stayed at this house, which is now owned and occupied by the Baron Alphonse de Rothschild. 

TARLOWSKI, a Pole; colonel in the Imperial Guard; ordnance officerunder Napoleon Bonaparte; friend of Poniatowski; made a match betweenhis daughter and Bourlac. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

TASCHERON, a very upright farmer, in a small way, in the market townof Montegnac, nine leagues distant from Limoges; left his village inAugust, 1829, immediately after the execution of his son, Jean-Francois. With his wife, parents, children and grandchildren, he sailed for America, where he prospered and founded the town ofTascheronville in the State of Ohio. [The Country Parson. ]

TASCHERON (Jean-Francois), one of the sons of the preceding, bornabout 1805, a porcelain maker, working successively with MessieursGraslin and Philippart; at the end of Charles X. 's reign, he committeda triple crime which, owing to his excellent character andantecedents, seemed for a long time inexplicable. Jean-FrancoisTascheron fell in love with the wife of his first employer, PierreGraslin, and she reciprocated the passion; to prepare a way for themto escape together, he went one night to the house of Pingret, a richand miserly husbandman in the Faubourg Saint-Etienne, robbed him of alarge sum of money, and, thinking to assure his safety, murdered theold man and his servant, Jeanne Malassis. Being arrested, despite hisprecautions, Jean-Francois Tascheron made especial effort not tocompromise Madame Graslin. Condemned to death, he refused to confess, and was deaf to the prayers of Pascal, the chaplain, yieldingsomewhat, however, to his other visitors, the Abbe Bonnet, his mother, and his sister Denise; as a result of their influence he restored aconsiderable portion of the hundred thousand francs stolen. He wasexecuted at Limoges, in August, 1829. He was the natural father ofFrancois Graslin. [The Country Parson. ]

TASCHERON (Louis-Marie), a brother of the preceding; with DeniseTascheron (afterwards Denise Gerard) he fulfilled a double mission: hedestroyed the traces of the crime of Jean-Francois, that might betrayMadame Graslin, and restored the rest of the stolen money to Pingret'sheirs, Monsieur and Madame de Vanneaulx. [The Country Parson. ]

TASCHERON (Denise), a sister of the preceding. (See Gerard, MadameGregoire. )

TAUPIN, cure of Soulanges (Bourgogne), cousin of the Sarcus family andSarcus-Taupin, the miller. He was a man of ready wit, of happydisposition, and on good terms with all his parishioners. [ThePeasantry. ]

TERNNICK (De), Duc de Casa-Real, which name see. 

TERRASSE AND DUCLOS, keepers of records at the Palais, in 1822;consulted at that time with success by Godeschal. [A Start in Life. ]

THELUSSON, a banker, one of whose clerks was Lemprun before he enteredthe Banque de France as messenger. [The Middle Classs. ]

THERESE, lady's-maid to Madame de Nucingen during the Restoration andthe reign of Louis Philippe. [Father Goriot. A Daughter of Eve. ]

THERESE, lady's-maid to Madame Xavier Rabourdin, on the rue Duphot, Paris, in 1824. [The Government Clerks. ]

THERESE, lady's-maid to Madame de Rochefide in the latter part ofCharles X. 's reign, and during the reign of Louis Philippe. [Beatrix. ]

THERESE (Sister), the name under which Antoinette de Langeais died, after she had taken the veil, and retired to the convent ofbare-footed Carmelites on an island belonging to Spain, probably theisland of Leon. [The Thirteen. ]

THIBON (Baron), chief of the Comptoir d'Escompte, in 1818, had been acolleague of Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

THIRION, usher to the closet of King Louis XVIII. , was on terms ofintimacy with the Ragons, and was invited to Cesar Birotteau's famousball on December 17, 1818, together with his wife and his daughterAmelie, one of Servin's pupils who married Camusot de Marville. [TheVendetta. Cesar Birotteau. ] The emoluments of his position, obtainedby the patronage that his zeal deservedly acquired, enabled him to layby a considerable sum, which the Camusot de Marvilles inherited. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

THOMAS was owner of a large house in Bretagne, that Marie de Verneuil(Madame Alphonse de Montauran) bought for Francine de Cottin, herlady's maid, and a niece of Thomas. [The Chouans. ]

THOMAS (Madame) was a milliner in Paris towards the latter part of thereign of Charles X. ; it was to her establishment that Frederic deNucingen, after being driven to the famous pastry shop of MadameDomas, an error arising from his Alsatian pronunciation, betookhimself in quest of a black satin cape, lined with pink, for Esthervan Gobseck. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

THOMIRE contributed to the material splendors of the famousentertainment given by Frederic Taillefer, about 1831, at his mansionon the rue Joubert, Paris. [The Magic Skin. ]

THOREC, an anagram of Hector, and one of the names successivelyassumed by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after deserting his conjugalroof. [Cousin Betty. ]

THOREIN, a carpenter, was employed in making changes in CesarBirotteau's apartments some days before the famous ball given by theperfumer on December 17, 1818. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

THOUL, anagram of the word Hulot, and one of the names successivelyassumed by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after his desertion of theconjugal roof. [Cousin Betty. ]

THOUVENIN, famous in his work, but an unreliable tradesman, wasemployed, in 1818, by Madame Anselme Popinot (then MademoiselleBirotteau) to rebind for her father, the perfumer, the works ofvarious authors. [Cesar Birotteau. ] Thouvenin, as an artist, was inlove with his own works--like Servais, the favorite gilder of ElieMagus. [Cousin Pons. ]

THUILLIER was first door-keeper of the minister of finance in thesecond half of the eighteenth century; by furnishing meals to theclerks he realized from his position a regular annual income of almostfour thousand francs; being married and the father of two children, Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte and Louis-Jerome, he retired from active dutiesabout 1806, and, losing his wife in 1810, he himself died in 1814. Hewas commonly called "Stout Father Thuillier. " [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes. ]

THUILLIER (Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte), daughter of the preceding, born in1787, of independent disposition and of obstinate will, chose thesingle state to become, as it were, the ambitious mother ofLouis-Jerome, a brother younger than herself by four years. She beganlife by making coin-bags at the Bank of France, then engaged inmoney-lending; took every advantage of her debtors, among others Fleury, her father's colleague at the Treasury. Being now rich, she met theLempruns and the Galards; took upon herself the management of thesmall fortune of their heir, Celeste Lemprum, whom she had selectedspecially to be the wife of her brother; after their marriage shelived with her brother's family; was also one of MademoiselleColleville's god-mothers. On the rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer, and onthe Place de la Madeleine, she showed herself many times to be thefriend of Theodose de la Peyrade, who vainly sought the hand of thefuture Madame Phellion. [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes. ]

THUILLIER (Louis-Jerome), younger brother of the preceding, born in1791. Thanks to his father's position, he entered the Department ofFinance as clerk at an early age. Louis-Jerome Thuillier, beingexempted from military service on account of weak eyes, marriedCeleste Lemprun, Galard's wealthy granddaughter, about 1814. Ten yearslater he had reached the advancement of reporting clerk, in XavierRabourdin's office, Flamet de la Billardiere's division. His pleasingexterior gave him a series of successes in love affairs, that wascontinued after his marriage, but cut short by the Restoration, bringing back, as it did, with peace, the gallants escaped from thebattlefield. Among his amorous conquests may be counted Madame FlavieColleville, wife of his intimate friend and colleague at the Treasury;of their relations was born Celeste Colleville--Madame Felix Phellion. Having been deputy-chief for two years (since January 5, 1828), heleft the Treasury at the outbreak of the Revolution of 1830. In himthe office lost an expert in equivocal jests. Having left thedepartment, Thuillier turned his energies in another direction. Marie-Jeanne-Brigette, his elder sister, turning him to the intricaciesof real estate, made him leave their lodging-place on the rued'Argenteuil, to purchase a house on the rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer, which had formerly belonged to President Lecamus and to Petitot, theartist. Thuillier's conceit and vanity, now that he had become awell-known and important citizen, were greatly flattered when Theodosede la Peyrade hired apartments from him. M. Thuillier was manager of the"Echo de la Bievre, " signed a certain pamphlet on political economy, was candidate for the Chamber of Deputies, purchased a second house, in 1840, on the Place de la Madeleine, and was chosen to succeed J. -J. Popinot as member of the General Council of the Seine. [The GovernmentClerks. The Middle Classes. ]

THUILLIER (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Celeste Lemprun, in1794; only daughter of the oldest messenger in the Bank of France, and, on her mother's side, granddaughter od Galard, a well-to-dotruck-gardener of Auteuil; a transparent blonde, slender, sweet-tempered, religious, and barren. In her married life, MadameThuillier was swayed beneath the despotism of her sister-in-law, Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte, but derived some consolation from theaffection of Celeste Colleville, and, about 1841, contributed as faras her influence permitted, to the marriage of this her god-daughter. [The Middle Classes. ]

TIENNETTE, born in 1769, a Breton who wore her native costume, was, in1829, the devoted servant of Madame de Portenduere the elder, on therue des Bourgeois (now Bezout), Nemours. [Ursule Mirouet. ]

TILLET (Ferdinand du), had legally a right only to the first part ofhis name, which was given him on the morning of Saint-Ferdinand's dayby the curate of the church of Tillet, a town near Andelys (Eure). Ferdinand was the son of an unknown great nobleman and a poorcountrywoman of Normandie, who was delivered of her son one night inthe curate's garden, and then drowned herself. The priest took in thenew born son of the betrayed mother and took care of him. Hisprotector being dead, Ferdinand resolved to make his own way in theworld, took the name of his village, was first commercial traveler, and, in 1814, he became head clerk in Birotteau's perfumeryestablishment on the rue Saint-Honore, Paris. While there he tried, but without success, to win Constance Birotteau, his patron's wife, and stole three thousand francs from the cash drawer. They discoveredthe theft and forgave the offender, but in such a way that Du Tillethimself was offended. He left the business and started a bank; beingthe lover of Madame Roguin, the notary's wife, he became involved inthe business scheme known as "the lands of the Madeleine, " theoriginal cause of Birotteau's failure and of his own fortune (1818). Ferdinand du Tillet, now a lynx of almost equal prominence withNucingen, with whom he was on very intimate terms, being loved byMademoiselle Malvina d'Aldrigger, being looked up to by the Kellersalso, and being further the patron of Tiphaine, the Provins Royalist, was able to crush Birotteau, and triumphed over him, even on December17, 1818, the evening of the famous ball given by the perfumer; JulesDesmarets, Benjamin de la Billiardiere, and he were the only perfecttypes present of worldly propriety and distinction. [Cesar Birotteau. The Firm of Nucingen. The Middle Classes. A Bachelor's Establishment. Pierrette. ] Once started, M. Du Tillet seldom left the Chausseed'Antin, the financial quarter of Paris, during the Restoration andthe reign of Louis Philippe. It was there that he received Birotteau, imploring aid, and gave him a letter of recommendation for Nucingen, the result of which was quite different from what the unfortunatemerchant had anticipated. Indeed, it was agreed between the twobusiness men, if the i's in the letter in question were not dotted, togive a negative answer; by this intentional omission, Du Tillet ruinedthe unfortunate Birotteau. He had his bank on the rue Joubert whenRodolphe Castanier, the dishonest cashier, robbed Nucingen. [MelmothReconciled. ] Ferdinand du Tillet was now a consequential personage, when Lucien de Rubempre was making his start in Paris (1821). [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ] Ten years later he married hislast daughter to the Comte de Granville, a peer of France, and "one ofthe most illustrious names of the French magistracy. " He occupied oneof the elegant mansions on the rue Neuve-des-Mathurins, now rue desMathurins; for a long time he kept Madame Roguin as his mistress; wasoften seen, in the Faubourg Saint-Honore, with the Marquise d'Espard, being found there on the day that Diane de Cadignan was slandered inthe presence of Daniel d'Arthez, who was very much in love with her. With Massol and Raoul Nathan he founded a prominent newspaper, whichhe used for his financial interests. He did not hesitate to get rid ofNathan, who was loaded down with debts; but he found Nathan before himonce more, however, as candidate for the Chamber of Deputies, tosucceed Nucingen, who had been made a peer of France; this time, also, he triumphed over his rival, and was elected. [The Secrets of aPrincess. A Daughter of Eve. ] M. Du Tillet was no more sparing ofMaxime de Trailles, but harassed him pitilessly, when the count wassent into Champagne as electoral agent of the government. [The Memberfor Arcis. ] He was present at the fete given by Josepha Mirah, by wayof a house-warming, in her mansion on the rue de la Ville-l'Eveque;Celestin Crevel and Valerie Marneffe invited him to their wedding. [Cousin Betty. ] At the end of the monarchy of July, being a deputy, with his seat in the Left Centre, Ferdinand du Tillet kept in the mostmagnificent style Seraphine Sinet, the Opera girl, more familiarlycalled Carabine. [The Unconscious Humorists. ] There is a biography ofFerdinand du Tillet, elaborated by the brilliant pen of JulesClaretie, in "Le Temps" of September 5, 1884, under title of "Life inParis. "

TILLET (Madame Ferdinand du), wife of the preceding, born Marie-Eugeniede Granville in 1814, one of the four children of the Comte andComtesse de Granville, and younger sister of Madame Felix deVandenesse; a blonde like her mother; in her marriage, which tookplace in 1831, was a renewal of the griefs that had sobered the yearsof her youth. Eugenie du Tillet's natural playfulness of spirit couldfind vent only with her eldest sister, Angelique-Marie, and theirharmony teacher, W. Schmucke, in whose company the two sisters forgottheir father's neglect and the convent-like rigidness of a devotee'shome. Poor in the midst of wealth, deserted by her husband, and bentbeneath an inflexible yoke, Madame du Tillet could lend but too littleaid to her sister--then Madame de Vandenesse--in the trouble caused bya passion she had conceived for Raoul Nathan. However, she suppliedher with two powerful allies--Delphine de Nucingen and W. Schmucke. Asa result of her marriage Madame du Tillet had two children. [ADaughter of Eve. ]

TINTENIAC, known for his part in the Quiberon affair, had among hisconfederates Jacques Horeau, who was executed in 1809 with theChauffeurs of Orne. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

TINTI (Clarina), born in Sicily about 1803; was maid in an inn, whenher glorious voice came under the notice of a great nobleman, herfellow-countryman, the Duke Cataneo, who had her educated. At the ageof sixteen, she made her debut with brilliant success at severalItalian theatres. In 1820, she was "prima donna assoluta" of theFenice theatre, Venice. Being loved by Genovese, the famous tenor, Tinti was usually engaged with him. Of a passionate nature, beautifuland capricious, Clarina became enamored of Prince Emilio du Varese, atthat time the lover of the Duchesse Cataneo, and became, for a while, the mistress of that descendant of the Memmis: the ruined palace ofVarese, which Cataneo hired for Tinti, was the scene of theseephemeral relations. [Massimilla Doni. ] In the winter of 1823-1824, atthe home of Prince Gandolphini, in Geneva, with Genovese, PrincesseGandolphini, and an exiled Italian prince, she sang the famousquartette, "Mi manca la voce. " [Albert Savarus. ]

TIPHAINE, of Provins, brother of Madame Guenee-Galardon, rich in hisown right, and expecting something more by way of inheritance from hisfather, adopted the legal profession; married a granddaughter ofChevrel, a prominent banker of Paris; had children by his marriage;presided over the court of his native town in the latter part ofCharles X. 's reign. At that time an ardent Royalist, and restingsecure under the patronage of the well-known financiers, Ferdinand duTillet and Frederic de Nucingen, M. Tiphaine contended againstGouraud, Vinet, and Rogron, the local representatives of the Liberalparty, and for a considerable time upheld the cause of MademoisellePierrette Lorrain, their victim. Tiphaine, however, suited himself tothe circumstances, and came over to Louis Philippe, the"revolutionist, " under whose reign he became a member of the Chamberof Deputies; he was "one of the most esteemed orators of the Centre";secured his appointment to the judgeship of the court of firstinstance of the Seine, and still later he was made president of theroyal court. [Pierrette. ]

TIPHAINE (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Mathilde-MelanieRoguin, in the early part of the nineteenth century; the only daughterof a wealthy notary of Paris, noted for his fraudulent failure in1819; on her mother's side, granddaughter of Chevrel, the banker, andalso distant cousin of the Guillaumes, and the families of Lebas andSommervieux. Before her marriage she was a frequent visitor at thestudio of Servin, the artist; she was there "the malicious oracle" ofthe Liberal party, and, with Laure, took sides with Ginevra di Piomboagainst Amelie Thirion, leader of the aristocratic group. [TheVendetta. ] Clever, pretty, coquettish, correct, and a real Parisian, and protected by Madame Roguin's lover, Ferdinand du Tillet, Mathilde-Melanie Tiphaine reigned supreme in Provins, in the midst ofthe Guenee family, represented by Mesdames Galardon, Lessourd, Martener, and Auffray; took in, or, rather, defended Pierrette Lorrain; andoverwhelmed the Rogron salon with her spirit of raillery. [Pierrette. ]

TISSOT (Pierre-Francois), born March 10, 1768, at Versailles, diedApril 7, 1854; general secretary of the Maintenance Commission in1793, successor to Jacques Delille in the chair of Latin poetry in theCollege de France; a member of the Academy in 1833, and the author ofmany literary and historical works; under the Restoration he wasmanaging editor of the "Pilote, " a radical sheet that published aspecial edition of the daily news for the provinces, a few hours afterthe morning papers. Horace Bianchon, the house-surgeon, there learnedof the death of Frederic-Michel Taillefer, who had been killed in aduel with Franchessini. [Father Goriot. ] In the reign of LouisPhilippe, when Charles-Edouard Rusticoli de la Palferine's burningactivity vainly sought an upward turn, Tissot, from the professor'schair, pleaded the cause of the rights and aspirations of youth thathad been ignored and despised by the power surrendered into the handsof superannuated mossbacks. [A Prince of Bohemia. ]

TITO, a young and handsome Italian, in 1823, brought "la liberta edenaro" to the Prince and Princess Gandolphini, who were at that timeimpoverished outlaws, living in concealment at Gersau (canton ofLucerne) under the English name of Lovelace--"L'Ambitieux par Amour. "[Albert Savarus. ]

TOBY, born in Ireland about 1807; also called Joby, and Paddy; duringthe Restoration, Beaudenord's "tiger" on the Quai Malaquais, Paris; awonder of precocity in vice; acquired a sort of celebrity in exerciseof his duties, a celebrity that was even reflected on Madamed'Aldrigger's future son-in-law. [The Firm of Nucingen. ] During LouisPhilippe's reign, Toby was a servant in the household of the DucGeorges de Maufrigneuse on the rue Miromesnil. [The Secrets of aPrincess. ]

TONNELET (Matire), a notary, and son-in-law of M. Gravier of Isere, whose intimate friend was Benassis, and who was one of the co-workersof that beneficent physician. Tonnelet was thin and pale, and ofmedium height; he generally dressed in black, and wore spectacles. [The Country Doctor. ]

TONSARD (Mere), a peasant woman of Bourgogne, born in 1745, was one ofthe most formidable enemies of Montcornet, the owner of Aigues, and ofhis head-keeper, Justine Michaud. She had killed the keeper's favoritehound and she encroached upon the forest trees, so as to kill them andtake the dead wood off. A reward of a thousand francs having beenoffered to the person who should discover the perpetrator of thesewrongs, Mere Tonsard had herself denounced by her granddaughter, MarieTonsard, in order to secure this sum of money to her family, and shewas sentenced to five years' imprisonment, though she probably did notserve her term. Mere Bonnebault committed the same offences as MereTonsard; they had a quarrel, each wishing to profit by the advantagesof a denunciation, and had ended by referring the matter to thecasting of lots, which resulted in favor of Mere Tonsard. [ThePeasantry. ]

TONSARD (Francois), son of the preceding, born about 1773, was acountry laborer, skilled more or less in everything; he possessed ahereditary talent, attested, moreover, by his name, for trimmingtrees, and various kinds of hedges. Lazy and crafty, Francois Tonsardsecured from Sophie Laguerre, Montcornet's predecessor at Aigues, anacre of land, on which he built, in 1795, the wine-shop known as theGrand-I-Vert. He was saved from conscription by Francois Gaubertin, atthat time steward of Aigues, at the urgent request of MademoiselleCochet, their common mistress. Being then married to PhilippineFourchon, and Gaubertin having become his wife's lover, he could poachwith freedom, and so it was that the Tonsard family made regularlevies on the Aigues forest with impunity: they supplied themselvesentirely from the wood of the forest, kept two cows at the expense ofthe landlord, and were represented at the harvest by seven gleaners. Being incommoded by the active watch kept over them by JustineMichaud, Gaubertin's successor, Tonsard killed him, one night in 1823. Afterwards in the dismemberment of Montcornet's estate, Tonsard gothis share of the spoils. [The Peasantry. ]

TONSARD (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Philippe Fourchon;daughter of the Fourchon who was the natural grandfather of Mouche;large, and of a good figure, with a sort of rustic beauty; lax inmorals; extravagant in her tastes, none the less she assured theprosperity of the Grand-I-Vert, by reason of her talent as a cook, andher free coquetry. By her marriage she had four children, two sons andtwo daughters. [The Peasantry. ]

TONSARD (Jean-Louis), born about 1801, son of the preceding, andperhaps also of Francois Gaubertin, to whom Philippe Tonsard wasmistress. Exempted from military service in 1821 on account of apretended disorder in the muscles of his right arm, Jean-Louis Tonsardposed under the protection of Soudry, Rogou and Gaubertin, in acircumspect way, as the enemy of the Montcornets and Michaud. He was alover of Annette, Rigou's servant girl. [The Peasantry. ]

TONSARD (Nicolas), younger brother of the preceding, and the malecounterpart of his sister Catherine; brutally persecuted, with hissister's connivance, Niseron's granddaughter, Genevieve, called LaPechina, whom he tried to outrage. [The Peasantry. ]

TONSARD (Catherine). (See Godain, Madame. )

TONSARD (Marie), sister of the preceding; a blonde; had the loose anduncivilized morals of her family. While mistress of Bonnebault, sheproved herself, on one occasion at the Cafe de la Paix of Soulanges, to be fiercely jealous of Aglae Socquard, whom he wished to marry. [The Peasantry. ]

TONSARD (Reine), without any known relationship to all of thepreceding, was, in spite of being very ugly, the mistress of the sonof the Oliviers, porters to Valerie Marneffe-Crevel; and she remainedfor a long time the confidential lady's-maid of that marriedcourtesan; but, being brought over by Jacques Collin, she eventuallybetrayed and ruined the Crevel family. [Cousin Betty. ]

TONY, coachman to Louis de l'Estorade, about 1840. [The Member forArcis. ]

TOPINARD, born about 1805; officer in charge of the property of thetheatre managed by Felix Gaudissart; in charge also of the lamps andfixtures; and, lastly, he had the task of placing the copies of themusic on the musicians' stands. He went every day to the rue Normandieto get news of Sylvain Pons, who was suffering from a fatal attack ofhepatitis; in the latter part of April, 1845, he was, with Fraisier, Villemot and Sonet's agent, one of the pall-bearers at the funeral ofthe cousin of the Camusot de Marvilles. On leaving the Pere-Lachaise, Topinard, who was living in the Cite Bordin, was moved to compassionfor Schmucke, brought him home, and finally received him under hisroof. Topinard then secured the position of cashier with Gaudissart, but he almost lost his position for trying to defend the interests ofSchmucke, of whom the heirs-at-law of Pons had undertaken to ridthemselves. Even under these circumstances Topinard aided Schmucke inhis distress; he alone followed the German's body to the cemetery, andtook pains to have him buried beside Sylvain Pons. [Cousin Pons. ]

TOPINARD (Madame Rosalie), wife of the preceding, born about 1815, called Lolotte; she was a member of the choir under the direction ofFelix Gaudissart's predecessor, whose mistress she was. A victim ofher lover's failure, she became box-opener of the first tier, and alsoquite a dealer in costumes during the following administration(1834-1845). She had first lived as Topinard's mistress, but heafterwards married her; she had three children by him. She took partin the funeral mass of Pons; when Schmucke was taken in by her husbandin the Cite Bordin, she nursed the musician in his last illness. [Cousin Pons. ]

TOPINARD, eldest son of the preceding couple, was a supernumerary inGaudissart's company. [Cousin Pons. ]

TOPINARD (Olga), sister of the preceding; a blonde of the German type;when quite young, she won the warmest affection of Schmucke, who wasmaking his home with the employes of Gaudissart's theatre. [CousinPons. ]

TORLONIA (Duc), a name mentioned, in December, 1829, by the BaronFrederic de Nucingen, as that of one of his friends, and pronounced byhim "Dorlonia. " The duke had ordered a magnificent carpet, the priceof which he considered exorbitant, but the baron bought it for Esthervan Gobseck's "leedle balace" on the rue Saint-Georges. The DucTorlonia belonged to the famous family of Rome, that was so hospitableto strangers, and was of French origin. The original name wasTourlogne. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

TORPILLE (La), sobriquet of Esther van Gobseck. 

TOUCHARD, father and son, ran a line of stages, during theRestoration, to Beaumont-sur-Oise. [A Start in Life. ]

TOUCHES (Mademoiselle Felicite des), born at Guerande in 1791; relatedto the Grandlieus; not connected with the Touches family of Touraine, to which the regent's ambassador, more famous as a comic poet, belonged; became an orphan in 1793; her father, a major in the Gardesde la Porte, was killed on the steps of the Tuileries August 10, 1792, and her only brother, a younger member of the guard, was massacred atthe Carmelite convent; lastly, her mother died of a broken heart a fewdays after this last catastrophe. Entrusted then to the care of hermaternal aunt, Mademoiselle de Faucombe, a nun of Chelles, [*] she wastaken by her to Faucombe, a considerable estate situated near Nantes, and soon afterwards she was put in prison along with her aunt on thecharge of being an emissary of Pitt and Cobourg. The 9th Thermidorfound them released; but Mademoiselle de Faucombe died of fright, andFelicite was sent to M. De Faucombe, an archaeologist of Nantes, beingher maternal great-uncle and her nearest relative. She grew up byherself, "a tom-boy"; she had at her command an enormous library, which allowed her to acquire, at a very early age, a great mass ofinformation. The literary spirit being developed in her, Mademoiselledes Touches began by assisting her aged uncle; wrote three articlesthat he believed were his own work, and, in 1822, made her beginningin literature with two volumes of dramatic works, after the fashion ofLope de Vega and Shakespeare, which produced a sort of artisticrevolution. She then assumed as a permanent appellation, the pseudonymof Camille Maupin, and led a bright and independent life. Her incomeof eighty thousand livres, her castle of Les Touches, near Guerande--Loire-Inferieure--her Parisian mansion on the rue de Mont-Blanc--nowrue de la Chaussee-d'Antin, --her birth, and her connections, had theirpower of influence. Her irregularities were covered as with a veil, inconsideration of her genius. Indeed, Mademoiselle des Touches had morethan one lover: a gallant about 1817; then an original mind, asceptic, the real creator of Camille Maupin; and next Gennaro Conti, whom she knew in Rome, and Claude Vignon, a critic of reputation. [Beatrix. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]Felicite was a patron of Joseph Bridau, the romantic painter, who wasdespised by the bourgeois [A Bachelor's Establishment. ]; she felt aliking for Lucien de Rubempre, whom, indeed, she came near marrying;though this circumstance did not prevent her from aiding the poet'smistress, Coralie, the actress; for, at the time of their amours, Felicite des Touches was in high favor at the Gymnase. She was theanonymous collaborator of a comedy into which Leontine Volnys--thelittle Fay of that time--was introduced; she had intended to writeanother vaudeville play, in which Coralie was to have made theprincipal role. When the young actress took to her bed and died, whichoccurred under the Poirson-Cerfberr[+] management, Felicite paid theexpenses of her burial, and was present at the funeral services, whichwere conducted at Notre-Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle. She gave dinner-partieson Wednesdays; Levasseur, Conti, Mesdames Pasta, Conti, Fodor, DeBargeton, and d'Espard, attended her receptions. [A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. ] Although a Legitimist, like the Marquised'Espard, Felicite, after the Revolution of July, kept her salon open, where were frequently assembled her neighbor Leontine de Serizy, LordDudley and Lady Barimore, the Nucingens, Joseph Bridau, Mesdames deCadignan and de Montcornet, the Comtesse de Vandenesse, Danield'Arthez, and Madame Rochegude, otherwise known as Rochefide. Canalis, Rastignac, Laginski, Montriveau, Bianchon, Marsay, and Blondet rivaledeach other in telling piquant stories and passing caustic remarksunder her roof. [Another Study of Woman. ] Furthermore, Mademoiselledes Touches shortly afterwards gave advice to Marie de Vandenesse andcondemned free love. [A Daughter of Eve. ] In 1836, while travelingthrough Italy, which she was showing to Claude Vignon and Leon deLora, the landscape painter, she was present at an entertainment givenby Maurice de l'Hostal, the French consul at Genoa; on this occasionhe gave an account of the ups and downs of the Bauvan family. [Honorine. ] In 1837, after having appointed as her residuary legateeCalyste du Guenic, whom she adored, but to whom she refused to giveherself over, Felicite des Touches retired to a convent in Nantes ofthe order of Saint-Francois. Among the works left by this secondGeorge Sand, we may mention "Le Nouveau Promethee, " a bold attempt, standing alone among her works, and a short autobiographical romance, in which she described her betrayed passion for Conti, an admirablework, which was regarded as the counterpart of Benjamin Constant's"Adolphe. " [Beatrix. The Muse of the Department. ]

[*] It was perhaps at Chelles that Mademoiselle de Faucombe became acquainted with Mesdemoiselles de Beauseant and de Langeais. 

[+] Delestre-Poirson, the vaudeville man, together with A. Cerfberr established the Gymnase-Dramatique, December 20, 1820; with the Cerfberr Brothers, Delestre-Poirson continued the management of it until 1844. 

TOUPILLIER, born about 1750; of a wretchedly poor family consisting ofthree sisters and five brothers, one of whom was father of MadameCardinal. From drum-major in the Gardes-Francaise, Toupillier becamebeadle in the church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris; then dispenser of holywater, having been an artist's model in the meantime. Toupillier, atthe beginning of the Restoration, suspected either of being aBonapartist, or of being unfit for his position, was discharged fromthe service of the church, and had only the right to stand at thethreshold as a privileged beggar; however, he profited greatly by hisnew position, for he knew how to arouse the compassionate feelings ofthe faithful in every possible way, chiefly by passing as acentenarian. Having been entrusted with the diamonds that CharlesCrochard had stolen from Mademoiselle Beaumesnil and which the youngthief wished to get off his hands for the time being, Toupillierdenied having received them and remained possessor of the stolenjewels. But Corentin, the famous police-agent, followed the pauper ofSaint-Sulpice to the rue du Coeur-Volant, and surprised that newCardillac engrossed in the contemplation of the diamonds. He, however, left them in his custody, on condition of his leaving by will all hisproperty to Lydie Peyrade, Corentin's ward and MademoiselleBeaumesnil's daughter. Corentin further required Toupillier to live inhis house and under his surveillance on the rue Honore-Chevalier. Atthat time Toupillier had an income of eighteen hundred francs; hemight be seen, at the church, munching wretched crusts; but, thechurch once closed, he went to dine at the Lathuile restaurant, situated on the Barriere de Clichy, and at night he got drunk on theexcellent Rousillon wines. Notwithstanding an attack made by MadameCardinal and Cerizet on the closet containing the diamonds, when thepauper of Saint-Sulpice died in 1840, Lydie Peyrade, now MadameTheodose de la Peyrade, inherited all that Toupillier possessed. [TheMiddle Classes. ]

TOUPINET, a Parisian mechanic, at the time of the Restoration, beingmarried and father of a family, he stole his wife's savings, the fruitof arduous labor; he was imprisoned, about 1828, probably for debts. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

TOUPINET (Madame), wife of the preceding; known under the namePomponne; kept a fruit-stand; lived, in 1828, on the rue duPetit-Banquier, Paris; unhappy in her married life; obtained from thecharitable J. -J. Popinot, under the name of a loan, ten francs forpurchasing stock. [The Commission in Lunacy. ]

TOURNAN, a hatter of the rue Saint-Martin, Paris; among his customerswas young Poiret, who, on July 3, 1823, brought him his head-covering, all greased, as a result of J. -J. Bixiou's practical joking. [TheGovernment Clerks. ]

TOURS-MINIERES (Bernard-Polydor Bryond, Baron des), a gentleman ofAlencon; born about 1772; in 1793, was one of the most activeemissaries of the Comte de Lille (Louis XVIII. ), in his conspiracyagainst the Republic. Having received the King's thanks, he retired tohis estate in the department of Orne, which had long been burdenedwith mortgages; and, in 1807, he married Henriette Le Chantre de laChanterie, with the concurrence of the Royalists, whose "pet" he was. He pretended to take part in the reactionary revolutionary movement ofthe West in 1809, implicated his wife in the matter, compromised her, ruined her, and then disappeared. Returning in secrecy to his country, under the assumed name of Lemarchand, he aided the authorities ingetting at the bottom of the plot, and then went to Paris, where hebecame the celebrated police-agent Contenson. [The Seamy Side ofHistory. ] He knew Peyrade, and received from Lenoir's old pupil thesignificant sobriquet of "Philosopher. " Being agent for Fouche duringthe period of the Empire, he abandoned himself in the most sensual wayto his passions, and lived a life of irregularity and vice. During thetime of the Restoration Louchard had him employed by Nucingen at thetime of the latter's amours with Esther van Gobseck. In the service ofthis noted banker, Contenson (with Peyrade and Corentin) tried toprotect him from the snares of Jacques Collin, and followed thepseudo-Carlos Herrera to his place of refuge on a house-top; but beinghurled from the roof by his intended victim, he was instantly killedduring the winter of 1829-1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

TOURS-MINIERES (Baronne Bryond des), wife of the preceding; bornHenriette Le Chantre de la Chanterie, in 1789; only daughter ofMonsieur and Madame Le Chantre de la Chanterie; was married after herfather's death. Through the machinations of Tours-Minieres she wasbrought into contact with Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel, Chevalier du Vissard, became his mistress, and took the field for himin the Royalist cause, in the department of Orne, in 1809. Betrayed byher husband, she was executed in 1810, in accordance with adeath-sentence of the court presided over by Mergi, Bourlac beingattorney-general. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

TRAILLES (Comte Maxime de), born in 1791, belonged to a family thatwas descended from an attendant to Louis XI. , and raised to thenobility by Francois I. This perfect example of the Parisian_condottieri_ made his beginning in the early part of the nineteenthcentury as a page to Napoleon. Being loved, in turn, by Sarah Gobseckand Anastasie de Restaud, Maxime de Trailles, himself already ruined, ruined both of these; gaming was his master passion, and his capricesknew no bounds. [Cesar Birotteau. Father Goriot. Gobseck. ] He tookunder his attention the Vicomte Savinien de Portenduere, a novice inParisian life, whom also he would have served later as his secondagainst Desire Minoret, but for the latter's death by accident. [Ursule Mirouet. ] His ready wit usually saved him from the throng ofcreditors that swarmed about him, but even thus he once paid a debtdue Cerizet, in spite of himself. Maxime de Trailles, at that time, was keeping, in a modest way, Antonia Chocardelle, who had anews-stand on the rue Coquenard, near the rue Pigalle, on whichTrailles lived; and, at the same time, a certain Hortense, a protegeeof Lord Dudley, was seconding the genius of that excellent comedian, Cerizet. [A Man of Business. The Member for Arcis. ] The dominant partyof the Restoration accused Maxime de Trailles of being a Bonapartist, and rebuked him for his shameless corruption of life; but the citizenmonarchy extended him a cordial welcome. Marsay was the chief promoterof the count's fortunes; he moulded him, and sent him on delicatepolitical missions, which he managed with marvelous success. [TheSecrets of a Princess. ] And so the Comte de Trailles was widely knownin social circles: as the guest of Josepha Mirah, by his presence hehonored the house-warming in her new apartments on the rue de laVille-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty. ] Marsay being dead, he lost the powerof his prestige. Eugene de Rastignac, who had become somewhat of aPuritan, showed but slight esteem for him. However, Maxime de Trailleswas on easy terms with one of the minister's intimate friends, thebrilliant Colonel Franchessini. Nucingen's son-in-law--Eugene deRastignac--perhaps recalled Madame de Restaud's misfortunes, anddoubtless entertained no good feeling for the man who was responsiblefor them all. None the less, he employed the services of M. DeTrailles--who was always at ease in the Marquise d'Espard's salon, inthe Faubourg Saint-Honore, though a man over forty years of age, painted and padded and bowed down with debts--and sent him to lookafter the political situation in Arcis before the spring election of1839. Trailles worked his wires with judgment; he tried to overridethe Cinq-Cygnes, partisans of Henri V. ; he supported the candidacy ofPhileas Beauvisage, and sought the hand of Cecile-Renee Beauvisage, the wealthy heiress, but was unsuccessful on all sides. [The Memberfor Arcis. ] M. De Trailles, furthermore, excelled in the adjustment ofprivate difficulties. M. D'Ajuda-Pinto, Abbe Brossette, and Madame deGrandlieu called for his assistance, and, with the further aid ofRusticoli de la Palferine, effected the reconciliation of the familiesof Calyste du Guenic and Arthur de Rochefide. [Beatrix. ] He became amember of the Chamber of Deputies, succeeding Phileas Beauvisage, whohad replaced Charles de Sallenauve, at the Palais-Bourbon; here he waspointed out to S. -P. Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

TRANS (Mademoiselle), a young unmarried woman of Bordeaux, who, likeMademoiselle de Belor, was on the lookout for a husband when Paul deManerville married Natalie Evangelista. [A Marriage Settlement. ]

TRANSON (Monsieur and Madame), wholesale dealers in earthenware goodson the rue des Lesdiguieres, were on intimate terms, about 1824, withtheir neighbors, the Baudoyers and the Saillards. [The GovernmentClerks. ]

TRAVOT (General), with his command, conducted, in 1815, the siege ofGuerande, a fortress defended by the Baron du Guenic, who finallyevacuated it, but who reached the wood with his Chouans and remainedin possession of the country until the second return of the Bourbons. [Beatrix. ]

TROGNON (Maitre), a Parisian notary, wholly at the disposal of hisneighbor, Maitre Fraisier; during the years 1844-1845 he lived on therue Saint-Louis-au-Marais--now rue de Turenne--and reached thedeath-bed of Sylvain Pons before his colleague, Maitre LeopoldHannequin, though the latter actually received the musician's lastwishes. [Cousin Pons. ]

TROISVILLE (Guibelin, Vicomte de), whose name is pronounced Treville, and who, as well as his numerous family, bore simply the name Guibelinduring the period of the Empire; he belonged to a noble line of ardentRoyalists well known in Alencon. [The Seamy Side of History. ] Veryprobably several of the Troisvilles, as well as the Chevalier deValois and the Marquis d'Esgrignon, were among the correspondents ofthe Vendean chiefs, for it is well known that the department of Ornewas counted among the centres of the anti-revolutionary uprising(1799). [The Chouans. ] Furthermore, the Bourbons, after theirrestoration, overwhelmed the Troisvilles with honors, making severalof them members of the Chamber of Deputies or peers of France. TheVicomte Guibelin de Troisville served during the emigration in Russia, where he married a Muscovite girl, daughter of the PrincesseScherbeloff; and, during the year 1816, he returned to establishhimself permantly among the people of Alencon. Accepting temporarilythe hospitality of Rose-Victoire Cormon (eventually Madame duBousquier), he innocently inspired her with false hopes; the viscount, naturally reserved, failed to inform her of his being son-in-law ofScherbeloff, and legitimate father of the future Marechale deMontcornet. Guibelin de Troisville, a loyal social friend of theEsgrignons, met in their salon the Roche-Guyons and the Casterans, distant cousins of his, but the intimate relations almost came to anend, when Mademoiselle Virginie de Troisville became Madame deMontcornet. [Jealousies of a Country Town. ] However, in spite of thisunion, which he looked upon as a mesalliance, the viscount was nevercool towards his daughter and her husband, but was their guest atAigues, in Bourgogne. [The Peasantry. ]

TROMPE-LA-MORT, a sobriquet of Jacques Collin. 

TROUBERT (Abbe Hyacinthe), favorite priest of M. De Bourbonne; roserapidly during the Restoration and Louis Philippe's reign, canon andvicar-general, in turn, of Tours, he was afterwards bishop of Troyes. His early career in Touraine showed him to be a deep, ambitious, anddangerous man, knowing how to remove from his path those that impededhis advance, and knowing how to conceal the full power of hisanimosity. The secret support of the Congregation and the connivanceof Sophie Gamard allowed him to take advantage of Abbe FrancoisBirotteau's unsuspecting good nature, and to rob him of all theinheritance of Abbe Chapeloud, whom he had hated in his lifetime, andover whom he triumphed thus again, despite the shrewdness of thedeceased priest. Abbe Troubert even won over to his side theListomeres, defenders of Francois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours. ]About 1839, at Troyes, Monsiegneur Troubert was on terms of intimacywith the Cinq-Cygnes, the Hauteserres, the Cadignans, theMaufrigneuses, and Daniel d'Arthez, who were more or less concerned inthe matter of the Champagne elections. [The Member for Arcis. ]

TROUSSENARD (Doctor), a physician of Havre, during the Restoration, at the time that the Mignon de la Bastie family lived in thatsub-prefecture of the Seine-Inferieure. [Modeste Mignon. ]

TRUDON, in 1818, a grocer of Paris, in the same quarter as CesarBirotteau, whom he furnished, on December 17th of that year, withnearly two hundred francs' worth of wax candles. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

TULLIA, professional sobriquet of Madame du Bruel. 

TULLOYE, the name of the owner of a small estate near Angouleme, whereM. De Bargeton, in the autumn of 1821, severely wounded M. DeChandour, an unsophisticated hot-head, whom he had challenged to aduel. The name Tulloye furnished a good opportunity in the affair fora play on words. [Lost Illusions. ]

TURQUET (Marguerite), born about 1816, better known under thesobriquet of Malaga, having a further appellaton of the "Aspasia ofthe Cirque-Olympique, " was originally a rider in the famous BouthorTraveling Hippodrome, and was later a Parisian star at the Franconitheatre, in the summer on the Champs-Elysees, in the winter on theBoulevard du Crime. In 1837, Mademoiselle Turquet was living in thefifth story of a house on the rue des Fosses-du-Temple--a thoroughfarethat has been built up since 1862--when Thaddee Paz set her up insumptuous style elsewhere. But she wearied of the role of supposedmistress of the Pole. [The Imaginary Mistress. ] Nevertheless, thisposition had placed Marguerite in a prominent light, and she shonethenceforth among the artists and courtesans. She had in MaitreCardot, a notary on the Place du Chatelet, an earnest protector; andas her lover she had a quite young musician. [The Muse of theDepartment. ] A shrewd girl, she held on to Maitre Cardot, and made apopular hostess, in whose salon Desroches, about 1840, gave anentertaining account of a strange battle between two roues, Traillesand Cerizet, debtor and creditor, that resulted in a victory forCerizet. [A Man of Business. ] In 1838, Malaga Turquet was present atJosepha Mirah's elegant house-warming in her gorgeous new apartmentson the rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty. ]

 U

URBAIN, servant of Soudry, mayor of Soulanges, Bourgogne, during theRestoration; was at one time a cavalry soldier, who entered into theservice of the mayor, an ex-brigadier of gendarmes, after failing toreceive an appointment as gendarme. [The Peasantry. ]

URRACA, aged Spanish woman, nurse of Baron de Macumer; the only familyservant kept by her master after his ruin and during his exile inFrance. Urraca prepared the baron's chocolate in the very best style. [Letters of Two Brides. ]

URRACA Y LORA (Mademoiselle), paternal aunt of Leon de Lora, remaineda spinster. As late as 1845 this quasi-Spaniard was still living inpoverty in a commune of the Pyrenees-Orientales, with the father andelder brother of the artist. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

URSULE, servant employed by the Abbe Bonnet, cure of Montegnac, in1829; a woman of canonical age. She received the Abbe de Rastignac, who had been sent by the Bishop of Limoges to bring the village curateto Jean-Francois Tascheron. It was desired that this man, although hewas condemned to death, should be brought back within the "pale of theChurch. " Ursule learned from the Abbe de Rastignac of the reprievethat had been given the murderer, and being not only inquisitive, butalso a gossip; she spread it throughout the whole village, during thetime that she was buying the articles necessary for the preparation ofbreakfast for the Cure Bonnet and the Abbe de Rastignac. [The VillageParson. ]

URSULE, from Picardie, very large; cook employed by Ragon, perfumer onrue Saint-Honore, Paris, towards the end of the eighteenth century;about 1793 she took in hand the amorous education of Cesar Birotteau, the little Tourraine peasant just employed by the Ragons as errand-boy. Ill-natured, wanton, wheedling, dishonest, selfish and given todrink, Ursule did not suit the candid Cesar, whom she abandoned, moreover, two years later, for a young Picardie rebel, who owned a fewacres of land. He found concealment in Paris, and let her marry him. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

UXELLES (Marquise d'), related to the Princess de Blamont-Chauvry, andto the Duc and Duchesse de Lenoncourt; god-mother of Cesar Birotteau. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

UXELLES (Duchesse d'), born about 1769, mother of Diane d'Uxelles;beloved by the Duc de Maufrigneuse, and about 1814 gave him herdaughter in marriage; ten years later she withdrew to her Uxellesestate, where she lived a life of piety and selfishness. [The Secretsof a Princess. ]

 V

VAILLANT (Madame), wife of a cabinet-maker in the FaubourgSaint-Antoine; mother of three children. In 1819 and 1820, for fortysous per month, she kept house for a young author, [*] who lived in agarret in rue Lesdiguieres. She utilized her remaining time in turningthe crank for a mechanic, and received only ten sous a day for thishard work. This woman and her husband were perfectly upright. At thewedding of Madame Vaillant's sister, the young writer becameacquainted with Pere Canet--Facino Cane--clarinetist at theQuinze-Vingts--who told him his strange story. [Facino Cane. ] In 1818, Madame Vaillant, already aged, kept house for Claude-Joseph Pillerault, the former Republican, on rue des Bourdonnais. The old merchant wasgood to his servant and did not let her shine his shoes. [CesarBirotteau. ]

[*] Honore de Balzac. He employed Madame Vaillant as a servant. 

VALDES (Paquita), born in the West Indies about 1793, daughter of aslave bought in Georgia on account of her great beauty; lived in theearly part of the Restoration and during the Hundred Days in HotelSan-Real, rue Saint-Lazare, Paris, with her mother and herfoster-father, Christemio. In April, 1815, in the Jardin des Tuileries, she was met by Henri de Marsay, who loved her. She agreed to receivehim secretly in her own home. She gave up everything for his sake, butin a transport of love, she cried out from force of habit: "OMariquita!" This put her lover in such a fury that he tried to killher. Not being able to do this, he returned, accompanied by some othermembers of "The Thirteen, " only to find Paquita murdered; for, theMarquise de San-Real, Marsay's own sister, who was very jealous of thefavors granted the man by this girl, has slashed her savagely with adagger. Having been kept in retirement since she was twelve years old, Paquita Valdes knew neither how to read nor to write. She spoke onlyEnglish and Spanish. On account of the peculiar color of her eyes shewas known as "the girl with the golden eyes, " by some young men, oneof whom was Paul de Manerville, who had noticed her during hispromenades. [The Thirteen. ]

VALDEZ, a Spanish admiral, constitutional minister of King FerdinandVII. In 1820; was obliged to flee at the time of the reaction, andembarked on an English vessel. His escape was due to the warning givenhim by Baron de Macumer, who told him in time. [Letters of TwoBrides. ]

VALENTIN (De), head of a historic house of Auvergne, which had falleninto poverty and obscurity; cousin of the Duc de Navarreins; came toParis under the monarchy, and made for himself an excellent place atthe "very heart of power. " This he lost during the Revolution. Underthe Empire he bought many pieces of property given by Napoleon to hisgenerals; but the fall of Napoleon ruined him completely. He rearedhis only son, Raphael, with great harshness, although he expected himto restore the house to its former position. In the autumn of 1826, six months after he had paid his creditors, he died of a broken heart. The Valentins had on their arms: an eagle of gold in a field of sable, crowned with silver, beak and talons with gules, with this device:"The soul has not perished. " [The Magic Skin. ]

VALENTIN (Madame de), born Barbe-Marie O'Flaharty, wife of thepreceding; heiress of a wealthy house; died young, leaving to her onlyson an islet in the Loire. [The Magic Skin. ]

VALENTIN (Marquis Raphael de), [*] only son of the preceding couple, born in 1804, and probably in Paris, where he was reared; lost hismother when he was very young, and, after an unhappy childhood, received on the death of his father the sum of eleven hundred andtwelve francs. On this he lived for nearly three years, boarding atthe rate of a franc per day at the Hotel de Saint-Quintin, rue desCordiers. He began two great works there: a comedy, which was to bringhim fame in a day, and the "Theory of the Will, " a long work, likethat of Louis Lambert, meant to be a continuation of the books byMesmer, Lavater, Gall and Bichat. Raphael de Valentin as a doctor oflaws was destined by his father for the life of a statesman. Reducedto extreme poverty, and deprived of his last possession, the islet inthe Loire, inherited from his mother, he was on the point ofcommitting suicide, in 1830, when a strange dealer in curiosities ofthe Quai Voltaire, into whose shop he had entered by chance, gave hima strange piece of shagreen, the possession of which assured him thegratification of every desire, although his life would be shortened byeach wish. Shortly after this he was invited to a sumptuous feast atFrederic Taillefer's. On the next morning Raphael found himself heirto six million francs. In the autumn of 1831 he died of consumption inthe arms of Pauline Gaudin; they were mutual lovers. He tried in vainto possess himself of her, in a supreme effort. As a millionaire, Raphael de Valentin lived in friendship with Rastignac and Blondet, looked after by his faithful servant, Jonathas, in a house on rue deVarenne. At one time he was madly in love with a certain ComtesseFoedora. Neither the waters of Aix, nor those of Mont-Dore, both ofwhich he tried, were able to give him back his lost health. [The MagicSkin. ]

[*] During the year 1851, at the Ambigu-Comique, was performed a drama by Alphonse Arnault and Louis Judicis, in which the life of Raphael Valentin was reproduced. 

VALENTINE, given name and title of the heroine of a vaudeville play[*]in two acts, by Scribe and Melesville, which was performed at theGymnase-Dramatique, January 4, 1836. This was more than twenty yearsafter the death of M. And Madame de Merret, whose lives and tragicadventures were more or less vividly pictured in the play. [The Museof the Department. ]

[*] Madame Eugenie Savage played the principal part. 

VALLAT (Francois), deputy to the king's attorney at Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, under the Restoration, at the time of the peasant uprisingagainst General de Montcornet. He was a cousin of Madame Sarcus, wifeof Sarcus the Rich. He sought promotion through Gaubertin, the mayor, who was influential throughout the entire district. [The Peasantry. ]

VALLET, haberdasher in Soulanges, Bourgogne, during the Restoration, at the time of General de Montcornet's struggle against the peasants. The Vallet house was next to Socquard's Cafe de la Paix. [ThePeasantry. ]

VAL-NOBLE (Madame du). (See Gaillard, Madame Theodore. )

VALOIS (Chevalier de), born about 1758; died, as did his friend andfellow-countryman, the Marquis d'Esgrignon, with the legitimatemonarchy, August, 1830. This poor man passed his youth in Paris, wherehe was surprised by the Revolution. He was finally a Chouan, and whenthe western Whites arose in arms against the Republic, he was one ofthe members of the Alencon royal committee. At the time of theRestoration he was living in this city very modestly, but received bythe leading aristocracy of the province as a true Valois. Thechevalier carried snuff in an old gold snuffbox, ornamented with thepicture of the Princess Goritza, a Hungarian, celebrated for herbeauty, under Louis XV. He spoke only with emotion of this woman, forwhom he had battled with Lauzun. The Chevalier de Valois tried vainlyto marry the wealthy heiress of Alencon, Rose-Victoire Cormon, aspinster, who had the misfortune to become the wife, platonicallyspeaking, of M. Du Bousquier, the former contractor. In his lodging atAlencon with Madame Lardot, a laundress, the chevalier had as mistressone of the working women, Cesarine, whose child was usually attributedto him. Cesarine was, as a result, the sole legatee of her lover. Thechevalier also took some liberties with another employe of MadameLardot, Suzanne, a very beautiful Norman girl, who was afterwardsknown at Paris as a courtesan, under the name of Val-Noble, and whostill later married Theodore Gaillard. M. De Valois, although stronglyattached to this girl, did not allow her to defraud him. He wasintimate with Messieurs de Lenoncourt, de Navarreins, de Verneuil, deFontaine, de la Billardiere, de Maufrigneuse and de Chaulieu. Valoismade a living by gambling, but pretended to gain his modest livelihoodfrom a Maitre Bordin, in the name of a certain M. De Pombreton. [TheChouans. Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

VANDENESSE (Marquis de), a gentleman of Tours; had by his wife fourchildren: Charles, who married Emilie de Fontaine, widow ofKergarouet; Felix, who married Marie-Angelique de Granville; and twodaughters, the elder of whom was married to her cousin, the Marquis deListomere. The Vandenesse motto was: "Ne se vend. " [The Lily of theValley. ]

VANDENESSE (Marquise de), born Listomere, wife of the preceding; tall, slender, emaciated, selfish and fond of cards; "insolent, like all theListomeres, with whom insolence always counts as a part of the dowry. "She was the mother of four children, whom she reared harshly, keepingthem at a distance, especially her son Felix. She had something of aweakness for her son Charles, the elder. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

VANDENESSE (Marquis Charles de), son of the preceding, born towardsthe close of the eighteenth century; shone as a diplomatist under theBourbons; during this period was the lover of Madame Julied'Aiglemont, wife of General d'Aiglemont; by her he had some naturalchildren. With Desroches as his attorney, Vandenesse entered into asuit with his younger brother, Comte Felix, in regard to somefinancial matters. He married the wealthy widow of Kergarouet, bornEmilie de Fontaine. [A Woman of Thirty. A Start in Life. A Daughter ofEve. ]

VANDENESSE (Marquise Charles de), born Emilie de Fontaine about 1802;the youngest of the Comte de Fontaine's daughters; having beenoverindulged as a child, her insolent bearing, a distinctive trait ofcharacter, was made manifest at the famous ball of Cesar Birotteau, towhich she accompanied her parents. [Cesar Birotteau. ] She refused Paulde Manerville, and a number of other excellent offers, before marryingher mother's uncle, Admiral Comte de Kergarouet. This marriage, whichshe regretted later, was resolved upon during a game of cards with theBishop of Persepolis, as a result of the anger which she felt onlearning that M. Longueville, on whom she had centred her affections, was only a merchant. [The Ball at Sceaux. ] Madame de Kergarouetscorned her nephew by marriage, Savinien de Portenduere, who courtedher. [Ursule Mirouet. ] Having become a widow, she married the Marquisde Vandenesse. A little later she endeavored to overthrow hersister-in-law, the Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse, then in love withRaoul Nathan. [A Daughter of Eve. ]

VANDENESSE (Comte Felix de), brother-in-law of the preceding, bornlate in the eighteenth century, bore the title of vicomte until thedeath of his father; suffered much in childhood and youth, first inhis home life, then as a pupil in a boarding-school at Tours and inthe Oratorien college at Pontlevoy. He was unhappy also at the Lepitreschool in Paris, and during his holidays spent on the Ile Saint-Louiswith one of the Listomeres, a kinswoman. Felix de Vandenesse at lastfound happiness at Frapesle, a castle near Clochegourde. It was thenthat his platonic liaison with Madame de Mortsauf began--a union whichoccupied an important place in his life. He was, moreover, the loverof Lady Arabelle Dudley, who called him familiarly Amedee, pronounced"my dee. " Madame de Mortsauf, having died, he was subjected to thesecret hatred of her daughter Madeleine, later Madame deLenoncourt-Givry-Chaulieu. About this time began his career in publiclife. During the "Hundred Days" Louis XVIII. Entrusted to him amission in Vendee. The King received him into favor, and finallyemployed him as private secretary. He was also appointed master ofpetitions in the State Council. Vandenesse frequently visited theLenoncourts. He excited admiration, mingled with envy, in the mind ofLucien de Rubempre, who had recently arrived in Paris. Acting for theKing, he helped Cesar Birotteau. He was acquainted with the Prince deTalleyrand, and asked of him information about Macumer, for Louise deChaulieu. [The Lily of the Valley. Lost Illusions. A DistinguishedProvincial at Paris. Cesar Birotteau. Letters of Two Brides. ] Afterhis father's death, Felix de Vandenesse assumed the title of count, and probably won a suit in regard to a land-sale against his brother, the marquis, who had been badly served by a rascally clerk of MaitreDesroches, Oscar Husson. [A Start in Life. ] At this time, Comte Felixde Vandenesse began a very close relationship with Natalie deManerville. She herself broke this off as a result of the detaileddescription that he gave her of the love which he had formerly feltfor Madame de Mortsauf. [The Marriage Settlement. ] The year following, he married Angelique-Marie de Granville, elder daughter of thecelebrated magistrate of that name, and began to keep house on rue duRocher, where he had a house, furnished with the best of taste. Atfirst he was not able to gain his wife's affection, as his knownprofligacy and his patronizing manners filled her with fear. She didnot go with him to the evening entertainment given by Madame d'Espard, where he found himself with his elder brother, and where manygossiping tongues directed their speech against Diane de Cadignan, despite the presence of her lover, Arthez. Felix de Vandenesse wentwith his wife to a rout at the home of Mademoiselle des Touches, whereMarsay told the story of his first love. The Comte and Comtesse deVandenesse, who, under Louis Philippe, still frequented the houses ofthe Cadignans and the Montcornets, came very near having serioustrouble. Madame de Vandenesse, had foolishly fallen in love with RaoulNathan, but was kept from harm by her husband's skilful management. [The Secrets of a Princess. Another Study of Woman. The GondrevilleMystery. A Daughter of Eve. ]

VANDENESSE (Comtesse Felix de), wife of the preceding; bornAngelique-Marie de Granville in 1808; a brunette like her father. Inbearing the cruel treatment of her prejudiced mother, in the Maraishouse, where she spent her youth, the Comtesse Felix was consoled bythe tender affection of a younger sister, Marie-Eugenie, later MadameF. Du Tillet. The lessons in harmony given them by Wilhelm Schmuckeafforded them some diversion. Married about 1828, and doweredhandsomely, to the detriment of Marie-Eugenie, she underwent, whenabout twenty-five years old, a critical experience. Although mother ofat least one child, becoming suddenly of a romantic turn of mind, shenarrowly escaped becoming the victim of a worldly conspiracy formedagainst her by Lady Dudley and by Mesdames Charles de Vandenesse andde Manerville. Marie, moved by the strength of her passion for thewriter, Raoul Nathan, and wishing to save him from financial trouble, appealed to the good offices of Madame de Nucingen and to the devotionof Schmucke. The proof furnished to her by her husband of the debasingrelations and the extreme Bohemian life of Raoul, kept Madame Felix deVandenesse from falling. [A Second Home. A Daughter of Eve. ]Afterwards, her adventure, the dangers which she had run, and herrupture with the poet, were all recounted by M. De Clagny, in thepresence of Madame de la Baudraye, Lousteau's mistress. [The Muse ofthe Department. ]

VANDENESSE (Alfred de), son of the Marquis Charles de Vandenesse, acoxcomb who, under the reign of Louis Philippe, at the FaubourgSaint-Germain, compromised the reputation of the Comtesse deSaint-Hereen, despite the presence of her mother, Madame d'Aiglemont, the former mistress of the marquis. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

VANDIERES (General, Comte de), old, feeble and childish, when, withhis wife and a large number of soldiers, November 29, 1812, he startedon a raft to cross the Beresina. When the boat struck the other bankthe shock threw the count into the river. His head was severed fromhis body by a cake of ice, and went down the river like a cannon-ball. [Farewell. ]

VANDIERES (Comtesse Stephanie de), wife of the preceding, niece of thealienist Doctor Fanjat; mistress of Major de Sucy, who afterwards wasa general. In 1812, during the campaign in Russia, she shared with herhusband all the dangers, and managed to cross the Beresina with herlover's aid, although she was unable to rejoin him. She wandered for along time in northern or eastern Europe. Having become insane, shecould say nothing but the word "Farewell"! She was found later atStrasbourg by the grenadier, Fleuriot. Having been taken to theBons-Hommes near the Isle-Adam, she was attended by Fanjat. She therehad as a companion an idiot by the name of Genevieve. In September, 1819, Stephanie again saw Philippe de Sucy, but did not recognize him. Shedied not far from Saint-Germain-en-Laye, January, 1820, soon after thereproduction of the scene on the Beresina, arranged by her lover. Hersudden return of reason killed her. [Farewell. ]

VANIERE, gardener to Raphael de Valentin; obtained from the well, intowhich his frightened employer had thrown it, the wonderful piece ofshagreen, which no weight, no reagent, and no pounding could eitherstretch or injure, and which none of the best known scientists couldexplain. [The Magic Skin. ]

VANNEAULX (Monsieur and Madame des), small renters at Limoges, livingwith their two children on rue des Cloches towards the end of CharlesX. 's reign. They inherited in the neighborhood of a hundred thousandfrancs from Pingret, of whom Madame des Vanneaulx was the only niece. This was after their uncle's murderer, J. -F. Tascheron, having beenurged by the Cure Bonnet, restored a large portion of the money stolenin Faubourg Saint-Etienne. M. And Madame des Vanneaulx, who hadaccused the murderer of "indelicacy, " changed their opinion entirelywhen he made this restitution. [The Country Parson. ]

VANNI (Elisa), a Corsican woman who, according to one Giacomo, rescueda child, Luigi Porta, from the fearful vendetta of Bartolomeo diPiombo. [The Vendetta. ]

VANNIER, patriot, conscript of Fougeres, Bretagne, during the autumnof 1799 received an order to convey marching orders to the NationalGuard of his city--a body of men who were destined to aid theSeventy-second demi-brigade in its engagements with the Chouans. [TheChouans. ]

VARESE (Emilio Memmi, Prince of), of the Cane-Memmis, born in 1797, amember of the greater nobility, descendant of the ancient Roman familyof Memmius, received the name of Prince of Varese on the death ofFacino Cane, his relative. During the time of Austrian rule in Venice, Memmi lived there in poverty and obscurity. In the early part of theRestoration he was on friendly terms with Marco Vendramini, hisfellow-countryman. His poverty would not permit of his keeping morethan one servant, the gondolier, Carmagnola. For Massimilla Doni, wifeof the Duke Cataneo, he felt a passion, which was returned, and whichfor a long time remained platonic, despite its ardor. He wasunfaithful to her at one time, not being able to resist the unforeseenattractions of Clarina Tinti, a lodger in the Memmi palace, andunrivaled prima donna at the Fenice. Finally, conquering his timidity, and breaking with the "ideal, " he rendered Massimilla Cataneo amother, and married her when she became a widow. Varese lived in Parisunder the reign of Louis Philippe, and, having been enriched by hismarriage, one evening at the Champs-Elysees, aided certain destituteartists, the Gambaras, who were obliged to sing in the open air. Heasked for the story of their misfortunes, and Marianina told it to himwithout bitterness. [Massimilla Doni. Gambara. ]

VARESE (Princess of), wife of the preceding, born Massimilla Doni, about 1800, of an ancient and wealthy Florentine family of thenobility; married, at first, the Duke Cataneo, a repulsive man wholived in Venice at the time of Louis XVIII. She was an enthusiasticattendant of the Fenice theatre during the winter when "Moses" and the"Semiramide" were given by a company, in which were found ClarinaTinti, Genovese and Carthagenova. Massimilla conceived a violent butat first a platonic love for Emilio Memmi, Prince of Varese, marriedhim after Cataneo's death, following him to Paris, during the time ofLouis Philippe, where she met with him the Gambaras and helped them intheir poverty. [Massimilla Doni. Gambara. ]

VARLET, an Arcis physician, early in the nineteenth century, at thetime of the political and local quarrels of the Gondrevilles, Cinq-Cygnes, Simeuses, Michus, and Hauteserres; had a daughter whoafterwards became Madame Grevin. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Memberfor Arcis. ]

VARLET, son of the preceding, brother-in-law of Grevin; like hisfather, later a physician. [The Member for Arcis. ]

VASSAL, in 1822 at Paris, third clerk of Maitre Desroches, anadvocate, by whom were employed also Marest, Husson and Godeschal. [AStart in Life. ]

VATEL, formerly an army child, then corporal of the Voltigeurs, became, during the Restoration, one of the three guards ofMontcornet's estate in Aigues, Bourgogne, under head-keeper Michaud;he detected Mere Tonsard in her trespassing. He was a valuableservant; gay as a lark, rather loose in his conduct with women, without any religious principles, and brave unto rashness. [ThePeasantry. ]

VATINELLE (Madame), a pretty and rather loose woman of Mantes, courtedat the same time by Maitre Fraisier and the king's attorney, OlivierVinet; she was "kind" to the former, thereby causing his ruin; theattorney soon found a means of compelling Fraisier, who wasrepresenting both sides in a lawsuit, to sell his practice and leavetown. [Cousin Pons. ]

VAUCHELLES (De), maintained relations of close friendship, about 1835, at Besancon, with Amedee de Soulas, his fellow-countryman, andChavoncourt, the younger, a former collegemate. Vauchelles was ofequally high birth with Soulas, and was also equally poor. He soughtthe hand of Mademoiselle Victoire, Chavoncourt's eldest sister, onwhom a godmother aunt had agreed to settle an estate yielding anincome of seven thousand francs, and a hundred thousand francs incash, in the marriage contract. To Rosalie de Watteville'ssatisfaction, he opposed Albert Savarus, the rival of the elderChavoncourt, in his candidacy for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies. [Albert Savarus. ]

VAUDOYER, a peasant of Ronquerolles, Bourgogne, appointedforest-keeper of Blangy, but discharged about 1821, in favor of Groison, by Montcornet, at that time mayor of the commune; supported G. Rigouand F. Gaubertin as against the new owner of Aigues. [The Peasantry. ]

VAUDREMONT (Comtesse de), born in 1787; being a wealthy widow oftwenty-two years in 1809, she was considered the most beautifulParisian of the day, and was known as the "Queen of Fashion. " In themonth of November of the same year, she attended the great ball givenby the Malin de Gondrevilles, who were disappointed at the Emperor'sfailure to appear on that occasion. Being the mistress of the Comte deSoulanges and Martial de la Roche-Hugon, Madame de Vaudremont hadreceived from the former a ring taken from his wife's jewel-casket;she made a present of it to Martial, who happening to be wearing it onthe evening of the Gondreville ball, gave it to Madame de Soulanges, without once suspecting that he was restoring it to its lawful owner. Madame de Vaudremont's death followed shortly after this incident, which brought about the reconciliation of the Soulanges couple, urgedby the Duchesse de Lansac; the countess perished in the famous firethat broke out at the Austrian embassy during the party given on theoccasion of the wedding of the Emperor and the Arch-duchessMarie-Louise. [Domestic Peace. ] The embassy was located on the partof the rue de la Chaussee-d'Antin (at that time rue du Mont-Blanc)comprised between the rue de la Victoire and the rue Saint-Lazare. 

VAUMERLAND (Baronne de), a friend of Madame de l'Ambermesnil's, boarded with one of Madame Vauquer's rivals in the Marais, andintended, as soon as her term expired, to become a patron of theestablishment on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve; at least, so Madamede l'Ambermesnil declared. [Father Goriot. ]

VAUQUELIN (Nicolas-Louis), a famous chemist, and a member of theInstitute; born at Saint-Andre d'Hebertot, Calvadts, in 1763, died in1829; son of a peasant; praised by Fourcroy; in turn, pharmacist inParis, mine-inspector, professor at the School of Pharmacy, the Schoolof Medicine, the Jardin des Plantes, and the College de France. Hegave Cesar Birotteau the formula for a cosmetic for the hands, thatthe perfumer called "la double pate des Sultanes, " and, beingconsulted by him on the subject of "cephalic oil, " he denied thepossibility of restoring a suit of hair. Nicolas Vauquelin was invitedto the perfumer's great ball, given on December 17, 1818. Inrecognition of the good advice received from the scientist, CesarBirotteau offered him a proof, before the time of printing, on Chinapaper, of Muller's engraving of the Dresden Virgin, which proof hadbeen found in Germany after two years of searching, and cost fifteenhundred francs. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

VAUQUER (Madame), a widow, born Conflans about 1767. She claimed tohave lost a brilliant position through a series of misfortunes, which, by the way, she never detailed specifically. For a long time she kepta bourgeois boarding-house on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve (now rueTournefort), near the rue de l'Arbalete. In 1819-1820, Madame Vauquer, a short, stout, languid woman, but rather well preserved in spite ofbeing a little faded, had Horace Bianchon as table-boarder, andfurnished with board and lodging the following: on the first floor ofher house, Madame Couture and Mademoiselle Victorine Taillefer; on thesecond floor, Poiret, the elder, and Jacques Collin; on the third, Christine-Michelle Michonneau--afterwards Madame Poiret, --JoachimGoriot; whom she looked upon as a possible husband for herself, andEugene de Rastignac. She was deserted by her various boarders shortlyafter the arrest of Jacques Collin. [Father Goriot. ]

VAUREMONT (Princesse de), one of the most prominent figures of theeighteenth century; grandmother of Madame Marie Gaston, who adoredher; she died in 1817, the year of Madame de Stael's death, in amansion belonging to the Chaulieus and situated near the Boulevard desInvalides. Madame de Vauremont, at the time of her death, wasoccupying a suite of apartments in which she was shortly afterwardssucceeded by Louise de Chaulieu (Madame Marie Gaston). Talleyrand, anintimate friend of the princess was executor of her will. [Letters ofTwo Brides. ]

VAUTHIER, commonly called Vieux-Chene, former servant of the famousLonguy; hostler at the Ecu de France, Mortagne, in 1809; wasimplicated in the affair of the Chauffeurs, and condemned to twentyyears of penal servitude, but was afterwards pardoned by the Emperor. During the Restoration he was murdered in the streets of Paris by anobscure and devoted countryman of the Chevalier du Vissard. [The SeamySide of History. ]

VAUTHIER (Madame), originally, in 1809, kitchen-girl in the householdof the Prince de Wissembourg, on the rue Louis-le-Grand; then cook toBarbet, the publisher, owner of a lodging-house on the BoulevardMontparnasse; still later, about 1833, she managed this establishmentfor him, serving the same time as door-keeper in the house mentioned. At that time Madame Vauthier employed Nepomucene and Felicite for thehouse-work; as lodgers she had Bourlac, Vanda and Auguste Mergi, andGodefroid. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

VAUTRIN, [*] the most famous of Jacques Collin's assumed names. 

[*] On March 14, 1840, a Parisian theatre, the Porte-Saint-Martin, presented a play in which the famous convict was a principal character. Although Frederic Lemaitre took the leading role, the play was presented only once. In April, 1868, however, the Ambigu-Comique revived it, with Frederic Lemaitre again in the leading role. 

VAUVINET, born about 1817, a money-lender of Paris, was of the elegantmodern type, altogether different from Chaboisseau-Gobseck; he madethe Boulevard des Italiens the centre of his operations; was acreditor of the Baron Hulot, first in the sum of seventy thousandfrancs; and then in an additional sum of forty thousand, really lentby Nucingen. [Cousin Betty. ] In 1845, Leon de Lora and J. -J. Bixioucalled S. -P. Gazonal's attention to him. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

VAVASSEUR, clerk in the Treasury Department, during the Empire, inClergeot's division. He was succeeded by E. -L. -L. -E. -Cochin. [TheGovernment Clerks. ]

VEDIE (La), born in 1756, a homely spinster, her face being pittedwith small-pox; a relative of La Cognette, a distinguished cook; onthe recommendation of Flore Brazier and Maxence Gilet, she wasemployed as cook by J. -J. Rouget, after the death of a curate, whomshe had served long, and who died without leaving her anything. Shewas to receive a pension of three hundred livres a year, after tenyears of competent, faithful and loyal service. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. ]

VENDRAMINI (Marco), whose name is also pronounced Vendramin;[*]probably a descendant of the last Doge of Venice; brother of BiancaSagredo, born Vendramini; a Venetian patriot; an intimate friend ofMemmi-Cane, Prince of Varese. In the intoxication caused by opium, hisgreat resource about 1820, Marco Vendramini dreamed that his dearcity, then under Austrian dominion, was free and powerful once more. He talked with Memmi of the Venice of his dreams, and of the famousProcurator Florain, now in the modern Greek, now in their nativetongue; sometimes as they walked together, sometimes before La Vulpatoand the Cataneos, during a presentation of "Semiramide, " "IlBarbiere, " or "Moses, " as interpreted by La Tinti and Genovese. Vendramini died from excessive use of opium, at quite an early age, during the reign of Louis XVIII. , and was greatly mourned by hisfriends. [Facino Cane. Massimilla Doni. ]

[*] The palace in Venice formerly owned by the Duchesse de Berri and the Comte de Chambord, in which Wagner, the musician, died, is even now called the Vendramin Palace. It is on the Grand-Canal, quite near the Justiniani Palace (now the Hotel de-l'Europe. )

VERGNIAUD (Louis), who made the Egyptian campaign with HyacintheChabert and Luigi Porta, was quartermaster of hussars when he left theservice. During the Restoration he was, in turn, cow-keeper on the ruedu Petit-Banquier, keeper of a livery-stable, and cabman. Ascow-keeper, Vergniaud, having a wife and three sons, being in debt toGrados, and giving too generously to Chabert, ended in insolvency;even then he aided Luigi Porta, again in trouble, and was his witnesswhen that Corsican married Mademoiselle di Piombo. Louis Vergniaud, being a party to the conspiracies against Louis XVIII. , was imprisonedfor his share in these crimes. [Colonel Chabert. The Vendetta. ]

VERMANTON, a cynic philosopher, and a habitue of Madame Schontz'ssalon, between 1835 and 1840, when she was keeping house with Arthurde Rochefide. [Beatrix. ]

VERMICHEL, common nick-name of Vert (Michel-Jean-Jerome. )

VERMUT, a druggist of Soulanges, in Bourgogne, during the Restoration;brother-in-law of Sarcus, the Soulanges justice of the peace, who hadmarried his eldest sister. Though quite a distinguished chemist, Vermut was the object of the pleasantries and contemptuous remarks ofthe Soudry salon, especially at the hands of the Gourdons. Despite theslight esteem "of the first society of Soulanges, " Vermut gaveevidence of ability, when he disturbed Madame Pigeron by findingtraces of poison in the body of her dead husband. [The Peasantry. ]

VERMUT (Madame), wife of the preceding; life and soul of the salon ofMadame Soudry, who, however, declared that she was "bad form, " andreproached her for flirting with Gourdon, author of "La Bilboqueide. "[The Peasantry. ]

VERNAL (Abbe), one of the four Vendean leaders, in 1799, whenMontauran was opposing Hulot, the other three being Chatillon, Suzannet, and the Comte de Fontaine. [The Chouans. ]

VERNET (Joseph), born in 1714, died in 1789, a famous French artist;patronized the Cat and Racket, a drapery establishment on the rueSaint-Denis, of which M. Guillaume, father-in-law of Sommervieux, wasproprietor. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. ]

VERNEUIL (Marquis de), member of a historic family, and probably anancestor of the Verneuils of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In 1591, he was on intimate terms, with the Norman Comte d'Herouville, ancestor of the keeper of Josepha Mirah, star of the Royal Academy ofMusic, about 1838. The relations between the two families continuedunbroken through the centuries. [The Hated Son. ]

VERNEUIL (Victor-Amedee, Duc de), probably descended from thepreceding, died before the Revolution; by Mademoiselle Blanche deCasteran, he had a daughter, Marie-Nathalie--afterwards MadameAlphonse de Montauran. He acknowledged his natural daughter at theclose of his life, and almost disinherited his legitimate son in herfavor. [The Chouans. ]

VERNEUIL (Mademoiselle de), probably a relative of the preceding;sister of the Prince de Loudon, the Vendean cavalry general; she wentto Mans to save her brother, and died on the scaffold in 1793, afterthe Savenay affair. [The Chouans. ]

VERNEUIL (Duc de), son of the Duc Victor-Amedee de Verneuil, andbrother of Madame Alphonse de Montauran, with whom he had a lawsuitover the inheritance left by their father; during the Restoration helived in the town of Alencon and was on intimate terms with theD'Esgrignons of that place. He took Victurnien d'Esgrignon under hisprotection, and introduced him to Louis XVIII. [The Chouans. Jealousies of a Country Town. ]

VERNEUIL (Duc de), of the family of the preceding, was present at theentertainment given by Josepha Mirah, the mistress of the Ducd'Herouville, when she opened her sumptuous suite of apartments on therue de la Ville-l'Eveque, Paris, in Louis Philippe's reign. [CousinBetty. ]

VERNEUIL (Duc de), a good-natured great nobleman, son-in-law of awealthy first president of a royal court, who died in 1800; he was thefather of four children, among them being Mademoiselle Laure and thePrince Gaspard de Loudon; owned the historic chateau of Rosembray, inthe vicinity of Havre, and close by the forest of Brotonne; there hereceived, one day in October, 1829, the Mignon de la Basties, accompanied by the Herouvilles, Canalis, and Ernest de la Briere, allof whom were at that time desirous to marry Modeste Mignon, soon tobecome Madame de la Briere de la Bastie. [Modeste Mignon. ]

VERNEUIL (Duchesse Hortense de), wife of the preceding, a haughty andpious personage, daughter of a wealthy first president of a royalcourt, who died in 1800. Of her four children, only two lived--herdaughter Laure and the Prince Gaspard de Loudon; she was on veryintimate terms with the Herouvilles, and especially with the elderlyMademoiselle d'Herouville, and received a visit from them, one day inOctober, 1829, with the Mignon de la Basties, followed by Melchior deCanalis and Ernest de la Briere. [Modeste Mignon. ]

VERNEUIL (Laure de), daughter of the preceding couple. At theentertainment at Rosembray in October, 1829, Eleonore de Chaulieu gaveher advice on the subject of tapestry and embroidery. [ModesteMignon. ]

VERNEUIL (Duchesse de), sister of the Prince de Blamont-Chauvry; anintimate friend of the Duchesse de Bourbon, sorely tried by thedisasters of the Revolution; aunt and, in a way, mother by adoption ofBlanche-Henriette de Mortsauf (born Lenoncourt). She belonged to asociety of which Saint-Martin was the soul. The Duchesse de Verneuil, who owned the Clochegourde estate in Touraine, gave it, in herlifetime, to Madame de Mortsauf, reserving for herself only one roomof the mansion. Madame de Verneuil died in the early part of thenineteenth century. [The Lily of the Valley. ]

VERNEUIL (Marie-Nathalie de). [*] (See Montauran, Marquise Alphonsede. )

[*] On June 23, 1837, under the title of _Le Gars_, the Ambigu-Comique presented a drama of Antony Beraud's in five acts and six tableaux, which was a modified reproduction of the adventures of Marie-Nathalie de Montauran. 

VERNIER (Baron), intendant-general, under obligations to Hector Hulotd'Ervy, whom he met, in 1843, at the Ambigu theatre, as escort of agloriously handsome woman. He afterwards received a visit from theBaronne Adeline Hulot, coming for information. [Cousin Betty. ]

VERNIER, formerly a dyer, who lived on his income at Vouvray(Touraine), about 1821; a cunning countryman, father of a marriageabledaughter named Claire; was challenged by Felix Gaudissart in 1831, forhaving played a practical joke on that illustrious traveling merchant, and fought a bloodless pistol duel. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

VERNIER (Madame), wife of the preceding, a stout little woman, ofrobust health; a friend of Madame Margaritis; she gladly contributedher share to the mystification of Gaudissart as conceived by herhusband. [Gaudissart the Great. ]

VERNISSET (Victore de), a poet of the "Angelic School, " at the head ofwhich stood Canalis, the academician; a contemporary of Beranger, Delavigne, Lamartine, Lousteau, Nathan, Vigny, Hugo, Barbier, MarieGaston and Gautier, he moved in various Parisian circles; he was seenat the Brothers of Consolation on the rue Chanoinesse, and he receivedpecuniary assistance from the Baronne de la Chanterie, president ofthe above-mentioned association; he was to be found, with HeloiseBrisetout, on the rue Chauchat, at the time of her house-warming inthe apartments in which she succeeded Josepha Mirah; there he metJ. -J. Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Etienne Lousteau and Stidmann; he fellmadly in love with Madame Schontz. He was invited to the marriage ofCelestin Crevel and Valerie Marneffe. [The Seamy Side of History. Beatrix. Cousin Betty. ]

VERNON (Marechal) father of the Duc de Vissembourg and the PrinceChiavari. [Beatrix. ]

VERNOU (Felicien), a Parisian journalist. He used his influence instarting Marie Godeschal, usually called Mariette, at the PorteSaint-Martin. The husband of an ugly, vulgar, and crabbed woman, he hadby her children that were by no means welcome. He lived in wretchedlodgings on the rue Mandar, when Lucien de Rubempre was presented tohim. Vernou was a caustic critic on the side of the oppositon. Theuncongeniality of his domestic life embittered his character and hisgenius. He was a finished specimen of the envious man, and pursuedLucien de Rubempre with an alert and malicious jealousy. [A Bachelor'sEstablishment. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ] In 1834, Blondet recommended him toNathan as a "Handy Andy" for a newspaper. [A Daughter of Eve. ]Celestin Crevel invited him to his marriage with Valerie Marneffe. [Cousin Betty. ]

VERNOU (Madame Felicien), wife of the preceding, whose vulgarity wasone of the causes of her husband's bitterness, revealed herself in hertrue light to Lucien de Rubempre, when she mentioned a certain MadameMahoudeau as one of her friends. [A Distinguished Provincial atParis. ]

VERT (Michel-Jean-Jerome), nick-named Vermichel, formerly violinist inthe Bourgogne regiment, was occupied, during the Restoration, with thevarious callings of fiddler, door-keeper of the Hotel de Ville, drum-beater of Soulanges, jailer of the local prison, and finallybailiff's deputy in the service of Brunet. He was intimate friend ofFourchon, with whom he was in the habit of getting on sprees, and whosehatred for the Montcornets, owners of Aigues, he shared. [The Peasantry. ]

VERT (Madame Michel), wife of the preceding, commonly calledVermichel, as was the case with her husband; a mustached virago, ametre in width, and of two hundred and forty pounds weight, but activein spite of this; she ruled her husband absolutely. [The Peasantry. ]

VERVELLE (Antenor), an eccentric bourgeois of Paris, made his fortunein the cork business. Retiring from the trade, Vervelle became, in hisown way, an amateur artist; wished to form a gallery of paintings, andbelieved that he was collecting Flemish specimens, works of Tenier, Metzu, and Rembrandt; employed Elie Magus to form the collection, and, with that Jew as go-between, married his daughter Virginie to PierreGrassou. Vervelle, at that time, was living in a house of his own onthe rue Boucherat, a part of the rue Saint-Louis (now rue de Turenne), near the rue Charlot. He also owned a cottage at Ville-d'Avray, inwhich the famous Flemish collection was stored--pictures reallypainted by Pierre Grassou. [Pierre Grassou. ]

VERVELLE (Madame Antenor), wife of the preceding, gladly acceptedPierre Grassou for a son-in-law, as soon as she found out that MaitreCardot was his notary. Madame Vervelle, however, was horrified at theidea of Joseph Bridau's bursting in Pierre's studio, and "touching up"the portrait of Mademoiselle Virginie, afterwards Madame Grassou. [Pierre Grassou. ]

VERVELLE (Virginie). (See Grassou, Madame Pierre. )

VEZE (Abbe de), a priest of Mortagne, during the Empire, administeredthe last sacrament to Madame Bryond des Tours-Minieres just before herexecution in 1810; he was afterwards one of the Brothers ofConsolation, installed in the home of the Baronne de la Chanterie onthe rue Chanoinesse, Paris. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

VIALLET, an excellent gendarme, appointed brigadier at Soulanges, Bourgogne; replaced Soudry, retired. [The Peasantry. ]

VICTOIRE, in 1819, a servant of Charles Claparon, a banker on the ruede Provence, Paris; "a real Leonarde bedizened like a fish-huckster. "[Cesar Birotteau. ]

VICTOR, otherwise known as the Parisian, a mysterious personage wholived in marital relations with the Marquis d'Aiglemont's eldestdaughter, and made her the mother of several children. Victor, whiledodging the pursuit of the police, who were on his track for themurder of Mauny, had found refuge for two hours in Versailles, onChristmas night of one of the last years of the Restoration, in ahouse near the Barriere de Montreuil (57, Avenue de Paris), with theparents of Helene d'Aiglemont, the last named of whom fled with him. During Louis Philippe's reign, Victor was captain of the "Othello, " aColombian pirate, and lived very happily with his family--Mademoiselled'Aiglemont and the children he had by her. He met with Generald'Aiglemont, his mistress's father, who was at that time a passengeron board the "Saint-Ferdinand, " and saved his life. Victor perished atsea in a shipwreck. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

VICTORINE, a celebrated seamstress of Paris, had among her customersthe Duchesse Cataneo, Louise de Chaulieu, and, probably, Madame deBargeton. [Massimilla Doni. Lost Illusions. Letters of Two Brides. ]Her successors assumed and handed down her name; Victorine IV. 's"intelligent scissors" were praised in the latter part of LouisPhilippe's reign, when Fritot sold Mistress Noswell the Selim shawl. [Gaudissart II. ]

VIDAL & PORCHON, book-sellers on commission, Quai des Augustins, Paris, in 1821. Lucien de Rubempre had an opportunity to judge oftheir method of doing business, when his "Archer of Charles IX. " and avolume of poems were brutally refused by them. Vidal & Porchon had instock at that time the works of Keratry, Arlincourt, and VictorDucange. Vidal was a stout, blunt man, who traveled for the firm. Porchon, colder and more diplomatic, seemed to have special charge ofnegotiations. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

VIEN (Joseph-Marie), a celebrated painter, born at Montpellier in1716, died at Rome in 1809. In 1758, with Allegrain and Loutherbourg, he aided his friend Sarrasine in abducting Zambinella, with a view totaking him to the apartments of the sculptor, who was madly in lovewith the eunuch, believing him to be a woman. At a later period, Vienmade for Madame de Lantry a copy of the statue modeled by Sarrasineafter Zambinella, and it was from this picture of Vien's that Girodet, the signer of "Endymion, " received his inspiration. This statue ofSarrasine's was, long afterwards, reproduced by the sculptorDorlange-Sallenauve. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis. ]

VIEUX-CHAPEAU, a soldier in the Seventy-second demi-brigade; waskilled in an engagement with the Chouans, in September, 1799. [TheChouans. ]

VIGNEAU, of the commune of Isere, of which Benassis was creator, so tospeak; he courageously took charge of an abandoned tile-factory, madea successful business of it, and lived with his family around him, which consisted of his mother, his mother-in-law, and his wife, whohad formerly been in the service of the Graviers of Grenoble. [TheCountry Doctor. ]

VIGNEAU (Madame), wife of the preceding, a perfect housekeeper; shereceived Genestas cordially, when brought to call by Benassis; MadameVigneau was then on the point of becoming a mother. [The CountryDoctor. ]

VIGNOL (See Bouffe. )

VIGNON (Claude), a French critic, born in 1799, brought a remarkablepower of analysis to the study of all questions of art, literature, philosophy, or political problems. A clear, deep, and unerring judgeof men, a strong psychologist, he was famous in Paris as early as1821, and was present, at the apartments of Florine, then acting atthe Panorama-Dramatique, at the supper following the presentation ofthe "Alcade dans l'Embarras, " and had a brilliant conversation on thesubject of the press with Emile Blondet, in the presence of a Germandiplomatist. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. ] In 1834, ClaudeVignon was entrusted with the haute critique of the newspaper foundedby Raoul Nathan. [A Daughter of Eve. ] For quite a period Vignon hadFelicite des Touches (Camille Maupin) as his mistress. In 1836, hebrought her back from Italy, accompanied by Lora, when he heard thestory of the domestic difficulties of the Bauvans from Maurice del'Hostal, French consul at Genoa. [Honorine. ] Again, in 1836, at LesTouches, Vignon, on the point of giving up Camille Maupin, deliveredto his former mistress a veritable dissertation, of surprisinginsight, on the subject of the heart, with reference to Calyste duGuenic, Gennaro Conti, and Beatrix de Rochefide. Such intimateknowledge of the human heart had gradually saddened and wearied him;he sought relief for his ennui in debauchery; he paid attention to LaSchontz, really a courtesan of superior stamp, and moulded her. [Beatrix. ] Afterwards, he became ambitious, and was secretary toCottin de Wissembourg, minister of war; this position brought him intocontact with Valerie Marneffe, whom he secretly loved; he, Stidmann, Steinbock, and Massol, were witnesses of her marriage to Crevel, thisbeing the second time she had been led to the altar. He was countedamong the habitues of Valerie's salon, when "Jean-Jacques Bixiou wasgoing . . . To cozen Lisbeth Fischer. " [Cousin Betty. ] He rallied tothe support of Louis Philippe, and as editor of the Journal desDebats, and master of requests in the Council of State, he gave hisattention to the lawsuit pending between S. -P. Gazonal and the prefectof the Pyrenees-Orientales; a position as librarian, a chair at theSorbonne, and the decoration bore further testimony to the favor thathe enjoyed. [The Unconscious Humorists. ] Vignon's reputation remainedundiminished, and, even in our own time, Madame Noemi Rouvier, sculptor and novelist, signs the critic's name to her works. 

VIGOR, manager of the post-station at Ville-aux-Fayes, during theRestoration; officer in the National Guard of that sub-prefecture ofBourgogne; brother-in-law of Leclercq, the banker, whose sister he hadmarried. [The Peasantry. ]

VIGOR, son of the preceding, and, like the rest of his family, interested in protecting Francois Gaubertin from Montcornet; he wasdeputy judge of the court of Ville-aux-Fayes in 1823. [The Peasantry. ]

VILLEMOT, head-clerk of Tabareau, the bailiff, was entrusted, inApril, 1845, with the work of superintending the details of theinterment of Sylvain Pons, and also to look after the interests ofSchmucke, who had been appointed residuary legatee by the deceased. Villemot was entirely under the influence of Fraisier, business agentof the Camusot de Marvilles. [Cousin Pons. ]

VILLENOIX (Salomon de), son of a wealthy Jew named Salomon, who in hisold age had married a Catholic. Brought up in his mother's religion;he raised the Villenoix estate to a barony. [Louis Lambert. ]

VILLENOIX (Pauline Salomon de), born about 1800; natural daughter ofthe preceding. During the Restoration, she was made to feel herorigin. Her character and her superiority made her an object of envyin her provincial circle. Her meeting with Louis Lambert at Blois wasthe turning point in her life. Community of age, country, disappointments, and pride of spirit brought them in touch--areciprocated passion was the result. Mademoiselle Salomon de Villenoixwas going to marry Lambert, when the scholar's terrible mental maladyasserted itself. She was frequently able to avert the sick man'sparoxysms; she nursed him, advised him, and guided him, notably atCroisic, where at her suggestion Lambert related in letter-form thetragic misfortunes of the Cambremers, which he had just learned. Onher return to Villenoix, Pauline took her fiance with her where shenoted down and understood his last thoughts, sublime in theirincoherence; he died in her arms, and from that time forth sheconsidered herself the widow of Louis Lambert, whom she had buried inone of the islands of the lake park at Villenoix. [Louis Lambert. ASeaside Tragedy. ] Two years later, being sensibly aged, and living inalmost total retirement from the world at the town of Tours, but fullof sympathy for weak mortals, Pauline de Villenoix protected the AbbeFrancois Birotteau, the victim of Troubert's hatred. [The Vicar ofTours. ]

VILQUIN, the richest ship-owner of Havre, during the Restoration, purchased the estates of the bankrupt Charles Mignon, with theexception of a chalet given by Mignon to Dumay; this dwelling, beingin close proximity to the millionaire's superb villa, and beingoccupied by the families of Mignon and Dumay, was the despair ofVilquin, Dumay obstinately refusing to sell it. [Modeste Mignon. ]

VILQUIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, had G. -C. D'Estourny aslover, previous to his amour with Bettina-Caroline Mignon; by herhusband she had three children, two of whom were girls. The eldest ofthese, being richly endowed, was eventually Madame Francisque Althor. [Modeste Mignon. ]

VIMEUX, in 1824, an unassuming justice of the peace in a department ofthe North, rebuked his son Adolphe for the kind of life he was leadingin Paris. [The Government Clerks. ]

VIMEUX (Adolphe), son of the preceding, in 1824, was copyist emeritusin Xavier Rabourdin's bureau in the Finance Department. A great dandy, he thought only of his dress, and was satisfied with meagre fare atthe Katcomb's restaurant; he became a debtor of Antoine, the messengerboy; secretly his ambition was to marry a rich old lady. [TheGovernment Clerks. ]

VINET had a painful career to start with; a disappointment crossed hispath at the very outset. He had seduced a Mademoiselle de Chargeboeuf, and he supposed that her parents would acknowledge him as son-in-law, and endow their daughter richly; so he married her, but her familydisowned her, and he therefore had to rely on himself entirely. As anattorney at Provins, Vinet made his mark by degrees; as head of thelocal opposition, with the aid of Goraud, he succeeded in making useof Denis Rogron, a wealthy retired merchant, established the "Courrierde Provins, " a Liberalist paper, adroitly defended the Rogrons againstthe charge of killing Pierrette Lorrain by slow degrees, was electedto the Chamber of Deputies about 1830, and became alsoattorney-general, and probably minister of justice. [Pierrette. TheMember for Arcis. The Middle Classes. Cousin Pons. ]

VINET (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Chargeboeuf, and thereforeone of the descendants of the "noble family of La Brie, a name derivedfrom the exploit of a knight in the expedition of Saint-Louis, " wasmother of two children, who suffered for her happiness. Absolutelycontrolled by her husband, rejected and sacrificed by her family fromthe time of her marriage, Madame Vinet scarcely dared in the Rogrons'salon to speak in defence of Pierrette Lorrain, their victim. [Pierrette. ]

VINET (Olivier), son of the preceding couple, born in 1816. Amagistrate, like his father, began his career as deputy king'sattorney at Arcis, advanced to the position of king's attorney in thetown of Mantes, and, still further, was deputy king's attorney, butnow in Paris. Supported by his father's influence, and being noted forhis independent raillery, Vinet was dreaded everywhere. Among thepeople of Arcis, he mixed only with the little coterie of governmentofficials, composed of Goulard, Michu, and Marest. [The Member forArcis. ] Being a rival of Maitre Fraisier in the affections of MadameVatinelle of Mantes, he resolved to destroy this contestant in therace, and so thwarted his career. [Cousin Pons. ] At the Thuilliers', on the rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer, Paris, where he displayed hisusual impertinence, Vinet was an aspirant to the hand of CelesteColleville, the heiress, who was eventually Madame Felix Phellion. [The Middle Classes. ]

VIOLETTE, a husbandman, tenanted in the department of Aube, nearArcis, the Grouage farm, that was a part of the Gondreville estate, atthe time that Peyrade and Corentin, in accordance with Fouche'sinstructions, undertook the singular abduction of Senator Malin deGondreville. A miserly and deceitful man, this fellow Violettesecretly aided with Malin de Gondreville and the powers of the dayagainst Michu, the mysterious agent of the Cinq-Cygne, Hauteserre, andSimeuse families. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

VIOLETTE (Jean), a descendant of the preceding; hosier of Arcis in1837; took in hand Pigoult's business, as successor to PhileasBeauvisage. In the electoral stir of 1839, Jean Violette seemed to beentirely at the disposal of the Gondreville faction. [The Member forArcis. ]

VIRGINIE, cook in the household of Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer, in1818. [Cesar Birotteau. ]

VIRGINIE, during the years 1835-1836, lady's maid, on the rueNeuve-des-Mathurins (at present rue des Mathurins), Paris, toMarie-Eugenie du Tillet, who was at that time engrossed in rightingthe imprudent conduct of Angelique-Marie de Vandenesse. [A Daughterof Eve. ]

VIRGINIE, mistress of a Provencal soldier, who, at a later period, during Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt, was lost for some time in adesert, where he lived with a female panther. The jealous mistress wasconstantly threatening to stab her lover, and he dubbed her Mignonne, by antiphrasis; in memory of her he gave the same name to the panther. [A Passion in the Desert. ]

VIRGINIE, a Parisian milliner, whose hats were praised, for aconsideration, by Andoche Finot in his newspaper in 1821. [ADistinguished Provincial at Paris. ]

VIRLAZ, a rich furrier of Leipsic, from whom his nephew, FredericBrunner, inherited, about the middle of Louis-Philippe's reign. In hislifetime this Jew, head of the house of Virlaz & Co. , had the fortuneof Madame Brunner (first of the name) placed in the coffers of theAl-Sartchild bank. [Cousin Pons. ]

VISSARD (Marquis du), in memory of his younger brother, the ChevalierRifoel du Vissard, was created a peer of France by Louis XVIII. , whoentered him as a lieutenant in the Maison-Rouge, and made him aprefect upon the dissolution of the Maison-Rouge. [The Seamy Side ofHistory. ]

VISSARD (Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel, Chevalier du), noble andheadstrong gentleman; played an important part, after 1789, in thevarious anti-revolutionary insurrections of western France. InDecember, 1799, he was at the Vivetiere, and his impulsiveness was acontrast with the coolness of Marquis Alphonse de Montauran, alsocalled Le Gars. [The Chouans. ] He took part in the battle of Quiberon, and, in company with Boislaurier, took a leading part in the uprisingof the Chauffeurs of Mortagne. Several circumstances, indeed, helpedto strengthen his Royalist inclinations. Fergus found in HenrietteBryond des Tours-Minieres (Contenson, the spy), who secretly betrayedhim. Like his accomplices, Rifoel du Vissard was executed in 1809. Attimes during his anti-revolutionary campaigns he assumed the name ofPierrot. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

VISSEMBOURG (Duc de), son of Marechal Vernon; brother of the Prince deChiavari; between 1835 and 1840 presided over a horticultural society, the vice-president of which was Fabien du Ronceret. [Beatrix. ]

VITAGLIANI, tenor at the Argentina, Rome, when Zambinella took thesoprano parts in 1758. Vitagliani was acquainted with J. -E. Sarrasine. [Sarrasine. ]

VITAL, born about 1810, a Parisian hatter, who succeeded Finot Pere, whose store on rue du Coq was very popular about 1845, and deservedlyso, apparently. He amused J. -J. Bixiou and Leon de Lora by hisridiculous pretensions. They wished him to supply S. -P. Gazonal witha hat, and he proposed to sell him a hat like that of Lousteau. Onthis occasion Vital showed them the head-covering that he had devisedfor Claude Vignon, who was undecided in politics. Vital reallypretended to make each hat according to the personality of the personordering it. He praised the Prince de Bethune's hat and dreamed of thetime when high hats would go out of style. [The UnconsciousHumorists. ]

VITAL (Madame), wife of the preceding, believed in her husband'sgenius and greatness. She was in the store when the hatter received acall from Bixiou, Lora and Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

VITEL, born in 1776, Paris justice of the peace in 1845, anacquaintance of Doctor Poulain; was succeeded by Maitre Fraisier, aprotege of the Camusot de Marvilles. [Cousin Pons. ]

VITELOT, partner of Sonet, the marble-cutter; designed tombstones. Hefailed to obtain the contract for monuments to Marsay, the minister, and to Keller, the officer. It was given to Stidmann. The plans madeby Vitelot having been retouched, were submitted to Wilhelm Schmuckefor the grave of Sylvain Pons, who was buried in Pere-Lachaise. [Cousin Pons. ]

VITELOT (Madame), wife of the preceding, severely rebuked an agent ofthe firm for bringing in as a customer W. Schmucke, heir-contestant tothe Pons property. [Cousin Pons. ]

VIVET (Madeleine), servant to the Camusot de Marvilles; during nearlytwenty-five years was their feminine Maitre-Jacques. She tried in vainto gain Sylvain Pons for a husband, and thus to become their cousin. Madeleine Vivet, having failed in her matrimonial attempts, took adislike for Pons, and persecuted him in a thousand ways. [Scenes froma Courtesan's Life. Cousin Pons. ]

VOLFGANG, [*] cashier of Baron du Saint-Empire, F. De Nucingen, whenthis well-known Parisian banker of rue Saint-Lazare fell madly in lovewith Esther van Gobseck, and when Jacques Falleix's discomfitureoccurred. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. ]

[*] He lived on rue de L'Arcade, near rue des Mathurins, Paris. 

VORDAC (Marquise de), born in 1769, mistress of the rich Lord Dudley;she had by him a son, Henry. To legitimize this child she arranged amarriage with Marsay, a bankrupt old gentleman of tarnishedreputation. He demanded payment of the interest on a hundred thousandfrancs as a reward for his marriage, and he died without having knownhis wife. The widow of Marsay became by her second marriage thewell-known Marquise de Vordac. She neglected her duties as motheruntil late in life, and paid no attention to Henri de Marsay exceptto propose Miss Stevens as a suitable wife for him. [The Thirteen. ]

VULPATO (La), noble Venetian, very frequently present in Fenice; about1820 tried to interest Emilio Memmi, Prince of Varese, and MassimillaDoni, Duchesse Cataneo, in each other. [Massimilla Doni. ]

VYDER, anagram formed from d'Ervy, and one of the three names takensuccessively by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after deserting his wife. He hid under this assumed name, when he became a petition-writer inParis, in the lower part of Petite Pologne, opposite rue de laPepiniere, on Passage du Soleil, to-day called Galerie de Cherbourg. [Cousin Betty. ]

 W

WADMANN, an Englishman who owned, near the Marville estate inNormandie, a cottage and pasture-lands, which Madame Camusot deMarville talked of buying in 1845, when he was about to leave forEngland after twenty years' sojourn in France. [Cousin Pons. ]

WAHLENFER or WALHENFER, wealthy German merchant who was murdered atthe "Red Inn, " near Andenach, Rhenish Prussia, October, 1799. The deedwas done by Jean-Frederic Taillefer, then a surgeon andunder-assistant-major in the French army, who suffered his comrade, Prosper Magnan, to be executed for the crime. Wahlenfer was a short, heavy-set man of rotund appearance, with frank and cordial manners. Hewas proprietor of a large pin-manufactory on the outskirts of Neuwied. He was from Aix-la-Chapelle. Possibly Wahlenfer was an assumed name. [The Red Inn. ]

WALLENROD-TUSTALL-BARTENSTILD (Baron de), born in 1742, banker atFrankfort-on-the-Main; married in 1804, his only daughter, Bettina, toCharles Mignon de la Bastie, then only a lieutenant in the Frencharmy; died in 1814, following some disastrous speculations in cotton. [Modeste Mignon. ]

WATSCHILDINE, a London firm which did business with F. De Nucingen, the banker. On a dark autumn evening in 1821, the cashier, RodolpheCastanier, was surprised by the satanic John Melmoth, while he was inthe act of forging the name of his employer on some letters of creditdrawn on the Watschildine establishment. [Melmoth Reconciled. ]

WATTEBLED, grocer in Soulanges, Bourgogne, in 1823; father of thebeautiful Madame Plissoud; was in middle class society; kept a storeon the first floor of a house belonging to Soudry, the mayor. [ThePeasantry. ]

WATTEVILLE (Baron de), Besancon gentleman of Swiss descent; lastdescendant of the well known Dom Jean de Watteville, the renegade Abbeof Baumes (1613-1703); small and very thin, rather deficient mentally;spent his life in a cabinet-maker's establishment "enjoying utterignorance"; collected shells and geological specimens; usually in goodhumor. After living in the Comte, "like a bug in a rug, " in 1815 hemarried Clotilde-Louise de Rupt, who domineered over him completely. As soon as her parents died, about 1819, he lived with her in thebeautiful Rupt house on rue de la Prefecture, a piece of propertywhich included a large garden extending along the rue du Perron. Byhis wife, the Baron de Watteville had one daughter, whom he loveddevotedly, so much, indeed, that he lost all authority over her. M. DeWatteville died in 1836, as a result of his fall into the lake on hisestate of Rouxey, near Besancon. He was buried on an islet in thissame lake, and his wife, making great show of her sorrow, had erectedthereon a Gothic monument of marble like the one to Heloise andAbelard in the Pere-Lachaise. [Albert Savarus. ]

WATTEVILLE (Baronne de), wife of the preceding, and after his death ofAmedee de Soulas. (See Soulas, Madame A. De. )

WATTEVILLE (Rosalie de), only daughter of the preceding couple; bornin 1816; a blonde with colorless cheeks and pale-blue eyes; slenderand frail of body; resembled one of Albert Durer's saints. Rearedunder her mother's stern oversight, accustomed to the most rigidreligious observances, kept in ignorance of all worldly matters, sheentirely concealed uner her modesty of manner and retiring dispositionher iron character, and her romantic audacity, so like that of hergreat-uncle, the Abbe de Watteville; and which was increased by theresoluteness and pride of the Rupt blood; although destined to marryAmedee de Soulas, "la fleur de pois"[*] of Besancon, she becameenamoured of the attorney, Albert Savaron de Savarus. By successfullycarrying out her schemes she separated him from the Duchessed'Argaiolo, although these two were mutually in love--a separationwhich caused Savarus great despair. He never knew of Rosalie'saffection for him, and withdrew to the Grande Chartreuse. Mademoisellede Watteville then lived for some time in Paris with her mother, whowas then the wife of Amedee de Soulas. She tried to see the Duchessed'Argaiolo, who, believing Savarus faithless, had given her hand tothe Duc de Rhetore. In February, 1838, on meeting her at a charityball given for the benefit of the former civil pensioners, Rosaliemade an appointment with her for the Opera ball, when she told herformer rival the secret of her manoeuvres against Madame de Rhetore, and of her conduct as regards the attorney. Mademoiselle de Wattevilleretired finally to Rouxey--a place which she left, only to take a tripin 1841 on an unknown mission, from which she came back seriouslycrippled, having lost an arm and a leg in a boiler explosion on asteamboat. Henceforth she devoted her life to the exercises ofreligion, and left her retreat no more. [Albert Savarus. ]

[*] Title of one of the first editions of "A Marriage Settlement. "

WERBRUST, associated with Palma, Parisian discounter on rue Saint-Denis and rue Saint-Martin, during the Restoration; knew the story ofthe glory and decay of Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer, who was mayor ofthe second district; was the friend of the banker, Jean-Baptisted'Aldrigger, at whose burial he was present; carried on business withthe Baron de Nucingen, making a shrewd speculation when the lattersettled for the third time with his creditors in 1836. [CesarBirotteau. The Firm of Nucingen. ]

WERCHAUFFEN (Baron de), one of Schirmer's aliases. (See Schirmer. )

WIERZCHOWNIA (Adam de), Polish gentleman, who, after the last divisionof Poland, found refuge in Sweden, where he sought consolation in thestudy of chemistry, a study for which he had always felt a strongliking. Poverty compelled him to give up his study, and he joined theFrench army. In 1809, while on the way to Douai, he was quartered forone night with M. Balthazar Claes. During a conversation with hishost, he explained to him his ideas on the subject of "identity ofmatter" and the absolute, thus bringing misfortune on a whole family, for from that moment Balthazar Claes devoted time and money to thisquest of the absolute. Adam de Wierzchownia, while dying at Dresden, in 1812, of a wound received during the last wars, wrote a finalletter to Balthazar Claes, informing him of the different thoughtsrelative to the search in question, which had been in his mind sincetheir first meeting. By this writing, he increased the misfortunes ofthe Claes family. Adam de Wierzchownia had an angular wastedcountenance, large head which was bald, eyes like tongues of fire, alarge mustache. His calmness of manner frightened Madame BalthazarClaes. [*] [The Quest of the Absolute. ]

[*] Under the title of _Gold, or the Dream of a Savant_, there is a play by Bayard and Bieville, which presents the misfortunes of the Claes. This was given at the Gymnase, November 11, 1837, by M. Bouffe and Madame E. Sauvage, both of whom are still alive. 

WILLEMSENS (Marie-Augusta). (See Brandon, [*] Comtesse de. )

[*] Lady Brandon was the mother of Louis Gaston and Marie Gaston. 

WIMPHEN (De), married a friend of Madame d'Aiglemont's childhood. [AWoman of Thirty. ]

WIMPHEN (Madame Louisa de), childhood friend of Madame Julied'Aiglemont in school at Ecouen. In 1814, Madame d'Aiglemont wrote tothe companion, who was then on the point of marrying, of her owndisillusionment, and confidentially advised her to remain single. Thisletter, however, was not sent, for the Comtesse de Listomere-Landon, aunt of Julie d'Aiglemont by marriage, having found out about it, discouraged such an impropriety on the part of her niece. Unlike herfriend, Madame de Wimphen married happily. She retained the confidenceof Madame d'Aiglemont, and was present, indeed, at the importantinterview between Julie and Lord Grenville. After M. De Wimphen'sarrival to accompany his wife home, these two lovers were left alone, until the unexpected arrival of M. D'Aiglemont made it necessary forLord Grenville to conceal himself. The Englishman died shortly afterthis as a result of the night's exposure, when he was obliged to stayin the cold on the outside of a window-sill. This happened alsoimmediately after his fingers were bruised by a rapidly closed door. [A Woman of Thirty. ]

WIRTH, valet of the banker, J. -B. D'Aldrigger; remained in the serviceof Mesdames d'Aldrigger, mother and daughters, after the death of thehead of the family. He showed them the same devotion, of which he hadoften given proof. Wirth was a kind of Alsatian Caleb or Gaspard, agedand serious, but with much of the cunning mingled with his simplenature. Seeing in Godefroid de Beaudenord a good husband for Isaured'Aldrigger, he was able to entrap him easily, and thus was partlyresponsible for their marriage. [The Firm of Nucingen. ]

WISCH (Johann). Fictitious name given in a newspaper for JohannFischer, when he had been accused of peculation. [Cousin Betty. ]

WISSEMBOURG (Prince de), one of the titles of Marechal Cottin, the Ducd'Orfano. [Cousin Betty. ]

WITSCHNAU. (See Gaudin. )

 X

XIMEUSE, fief situated in Lorraine; original spelling of the nameSimeuse, which came to to be written with an S on account of itspronunciation. [The Gondreville Mystery. ]

 Y

YSEMBOURG (Prince d'), marshal of France, the Conde of the Republic. Madame Nourrisson, his confidential servant, looked upon him as a"simpleton, " because he gave two thousand francs to one of the mostrenowned countesses of the Imperial Court, who came to him one day, with streaming eyes, begging him to give her the assistance upon whichher children's life depended. She soon spent the money for a robe, which she needed to wear so as to be dressed stylishly at an embassyball. This story was told by Madame Nourrisson, in 1845, to Leon deLora, Bixiou, and Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists. ]

 Z

ZAMBINELLA, a eunuch, who sang at the Theatre Argentina, Rome, theleading soprano parts; he was very beautiful. Sarassine, a Frenchsculptor, believing him to be a woman, became enamored of him, andused him as a model for an excellent statue of Adonis, which may stillbe seen at the Musee d'Albani, and which Dorlange-Sallenauve copiednearly a century later. When he was over eighty years old and verywealthy, Zambinella lived, under the Restoration, with his niece, whowas wife of the mysterious Lanty. While residing with the LantysZambinella died in Rome, 1830. The early life of Zambinella wasunknown to the Parisian world. A mesmerist believed the old man, whowas a sort of traveling mummy, to be the famous Balsamo, also known asCagliostro, while the Bailli de Ferette took him to be the Comte deSaint-Germain. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis. ]

ZARNOWICKI (Roman[*]), Polish general who, as a refugee in Paris, lived on the ground floor of the little two-story house on rue deMarbeuf, of which Doctor Halpersohn occupied the other floor in 1836. [The Seamy Side of History. ]

[*] Probably a given name. 

NOTE. 

The _Repertory of the Comedie Humaine_, as the reader can see forhimself, should include only those episodes introducing charactersinter-related and continually recurring. Consequently, the storiesentitled _The Exiles_, _About Catherine de Medici_, _MaitreCornelius_, _The Unknown Masterpiece_, _The Elixir of Life_, _Christin Flanders_, which antedate the eighteenth century, and _Seraphita_, which deals with the supernatural, are omitted, together with the_Analytical Studies_. But _The Hated Son_ furnishes some indispensableinformation concerning a few biographies. The _Dramas_ are outside theaction of the _Comedie_, so contribute no names. 

According to Theophile Gautier, _The Comedie Humaine_ embraces twothousand characters. His reckoning is nearly exact; but as a result ofcross-references, surnames, assumed names and the like, that number isfar exceeded in this work, which, nevertheless, omits many charactersoutside the action, as: Chevet, Decamps, Delacroix, Finot Sr. , thechild of Calyste and Sabine du Guenic, Noemi Magus, Meyerbeer, Herbaut, Houbigant, Tanrade, Mousqueton, Arnal, Barrot, Bonald, Berryer, Gautier, Gozlan, Hugo, Hyacinthe, Lafont, Lamartine, Lassailly, F. Lemaitre, Charles X. , Louis Philippe, Odry, Talma, Thiers, Villele, Rossini, Rousseau, Mlle. Dejazet, Mlle. Georges, etc.