{177}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. 

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"When found, make a note of. "--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. 

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No. 71. ]SATURDAY, MARCH 8. 1851. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. 

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CONTENTS. 

 NOTES:-- Page

 On Two Passages in "All's Well that Ends Well, " by S. W. Singer 177

 George Herbert and the Church of Leighton Bromswold 178

 Folk Lore:--Sacramental Wine--"Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole"--Nievie-nick-nack 179

 Records at Malta 180

 On an Ancient MS. Of "Bedæ Historia Ecclesiastica" 180

 Minor Queries:--The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes-- Writing-paper--Little Casterton (Rutland) Church--The Hippopotamus--Specimens of Foreign English--St. Clare--Dr. Dodd--Hats of Cardinals and Notaries Apostolic--Baron Munchausen's Frozen Horn--Contracted Names of Places 181

 QUERIES:--

 Bibliographical Queries 182

 Enigmatical Epitaph 184

 Shakspeare's "Merchant of Venice" 185

 Minor Queries:--Was Lord Howard of Effingham a Protestant or a Papist?--Lord Bexley: how descended from Cromwell--Earl of Shaftesbury--Family of Peyton--"La Rose nait en un Moment"--John Collard the Logician--Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan-- Haybands in Seals--Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office--William Tell Legend--Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church--Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage--A Cracowe Pike--St. Thomas of Trunnions--Paper mill near Stevenage-- Mounds, Munts, Mounts--Church Chests--The Cross-bill--Iovanni Volpe--Auriga--To speak in Lutestring--"Lavora, come se tu, " &c. --Tomb of Chaucer--Family of Clench 185

 REPLIES:--

 Cranmer's Descendants 188

 Dutch Popular Song-book, by J. H. Van Lennep 189

 Barons of Hugh Lupus 189

 Shakspeare's "Antony and Cleopatra" 190

 "Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!" 191

 Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Harrison's Chronology--Mistletoe on Oaks--Swearing by Swans--Jurare ad caput animalium--Ten Children at a Birth--Richard Standfast--"Jurat, crede minus"-- Rab Surdam--The Scaligers--Lincoln Missal-- By-and-bye--Gregory the Great--True Blue-- Drachmarus--The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex-- Red Hand--Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe-- Meaning of Waste-book--Deus Justificatus-- Touchstone's Dial--Ring Dials--Cockade--Rudbeck's Atlantica, &c. 191

 MISCELLANEOUS:--

 Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 198

 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 199

 Notices to Correspondents 199

 Advertisements 200

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Notes. 

ON TWO PASSAGES IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL. "

Among the few passages in Shakspeare upon which little light has beenthrown, after all that has been written about them, are the following inAct. IV. Sc. 2. Of _All's Well that Ends Well_, where Bertram is persuadingDiana to yield to his desires:

 "_Bert. _ I pr'ythee, do not strive against my vows: I was compell'd to her; but I love thee By love's own sweet constraint, and will for ever Do thee all rights of service. 

 _Dia. _ Ay, so you serve us, Till we serve you: but when you have our roses, You barely leave our thorns to prick ourselves, And mock us with our bareness. 

 _Bert. _ How have I sworn?

 _Dia. _ 'Tis not the many oaths that make the truth; But the plain single vow, that is vow'd true. What is not holy, that we swear not by, But take the Highest to witness: Then, pray you, tell me, If I should swear by Jove's great attributes, I love'd you dearly, would you believe my oaths, When I did love you ill? this has no holding, To swear by him _whom I protest to love_, That I will work against him. "

Read--"_when_ I protest to _Love_. "

It is evident that Diana refers to Bertram's double vows, his marriage vow, and the subsequent vow or _protest_ he had made not to keep it. "If Ishould swear by Jove I loved you dearly, would you believe my oath when Iloved you ill? This has no consistency, to swear by _Jove_, when secretly Iprotest to _Love_ that I will work against him (_i. E. _ against the oath Ihave taken to Jove). "

Bertram had _sworn by the Highest_ to love his wife; in his letter to hismother he says:

 "I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the _not_ eternal:"

he secretly _protests to Love_ to work against his sacred oath; and in hisfollowing speech he says:

 "Be not so cruel-holy, Love is holy. "

He had before said:

 "----do not strive against my vows: I was compell'd to her; but I love thee By Love's own sweet constraint:"

clearly indicating that this must be the true sense of the passage. Byprinting _when_ for _whom_, and _Love_ with a capital letter, to indicatethe personification, all is made clear. {178}

After further argument from Bertram, Diana answers:

 "I see that men _make ropes in such a scarre_ That we'll forsake ourselves. "

This Rowe altered to "make _hopes_ in such _affairs_, " and Malone to "make_hopes_ in such _a scene_. " Others, and among them Mr. Knight and Mr. Collier, retain the old reading, and vainly endeavour to give it a meaning, understanding the word _scarre_ to signify a _rock_ or _cliff_, with whichit has nothing to do in this passage. There can be no doubt that "make_ropes_" is a misprint for "make _hopes_, " which is evidently required bythe context, "that we'll forsake ourselves. " It then only remains to showwhat is meant by _a scarre_, which signifies here _anything that causessurprise or alarm_; what we should now write _a scare_. Shakspeare has usedthe same orthography, _scarr'd_, i. E. _scared_, in _Coriolanus_ and in_Winter's Tale_. There is also abundant evidence that this was its oldorthography, indicative of the broad sound the word then had, and which itstill retains in the north. Palsgrave has both the noun and the verb inthis form: "_Scarre_, to _scar_ crowes, espouventail. " And again, "I_scarre_ away or feare away, as a man doth crowes or such like; jeescarmouche. " The French word might lead to the conclusion that _a scarre_might be used for _a skirmish_. (See Cotgrave in v. Escarmouche. ) I oncethought we should read "in such a _warre_, " _i. E. _ conflict. 

In Minshen's _Guide to the Tongues_, we have:

 "To SCARRE, videtur confictum ex _sono_ oves vel aliud quid abigentium et terrorem illis incutientium. Gall. _Ahurir_ ratione eadem:" vi. _to feare, to fright_. 

Objections have been made to the expression "make hopes;" but the poethimself in _King Henry VIII. _ has "more than I dare _make faults_, " andrepeats the phrase in one of his sonnets: surely there is nothing moresingular in it than in the common French idiom, "_faire des espérances_. "

S. W. SINGER. 

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GEORGE HERBERT AND THE CHURCH AT LEIGHTON BROMSWOLD. 

(Vol. Iii. , p. 85. )

I have great pleasure in laying before your readers the followingparticulars, which I collected on a journey to Leighton Bromswold, undertaken for the purpose of satisfying the Query of E. H. If they willturn to _A Priest to the Temple_, ch. Xiii. , they will find the points towhich, with others, my attention was more especially directed. 

Leighton Church consists of a western tower, nave, north and south porchesand transepts, and chancel. There are no aisles. As Prebendary of thePrebend of Leighton Ecclesia in Lincoln Cathedral, George Herbert wasentitled to an estate in the parish, and it was no doubt a portion of theincrease of this property that he devoted to the repairing and beautifyingof the House of God, then "lying desolate, " and unfit for the celebrationof divine service. Good Izaak Walton, writing evidently upon hearsayinformation, and not of his own personal knowledge, was in error if hesupposed, as from his language he appears to have done, that George Herbertalmost rebuilt the church from the foundation, and he must be held to beincorrect in describing that part of it which stood as "so decayed, so_little_, and so useless. " There are portions remaining earlier than GeorgeHerbert's time, whose work may be readily distinguished by at least fourcenturies; whilst at one end the porches, and at the other the piscina, ofEarly English date, the windows, which are of different styles, and thebuttresses, afford sufficient proofs that the existing walls are theoriginal, and that in size the church has remained unaltered for ages. AsGeorge Herbert new roofed the sacred edifice throughout, we may infer thiswas the chief structural repair necessary. He also erected the presenttower, the font, put four windows in the chancel, and reseated the partsthen used by the congregation. 

Except a western organ gallery erected in 1840, two pews underneath it, andone elsewhere, these parts, the nave and transepts, remain, in allprobability, exactly as George Herbert left them. The seats are alluniform, of oak, and of the good old open fashion made in the style of theseventeenth century. They are so arranged, both in the nave and in thetransepts, that no person in service time turns his back either upon thealtar or upon the minister. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES, " Vol. Ii. , p. 397. )The pulpit against the north, and the reading-desk, with clerk's seatattached, against the south side of the chancel-arch, are both of the sameheight, and exactly similar in every respect; both have sounding-boards. The font is placed at the west end of the nave, and, together with itscover, is part of George Herbert's work; it stands on a single step, and adrain carries off the water, as in ancient examples. The shallowness of thebasin surprised me. A vestry, corresponding in style to the seats, isformed by a wooden inclosure in the south transept, which contains "astrong and decent chest. " Until the erection of the gallery, the tower wasopen to the nave. 

The chancel, which is raised one step above the nave, is now partly filledwith high pews, but, as arranged by the pious prebendary, it is believed tohave contained only one low bench on either side. The communion table, which is elevated by three steps above the level of the chancel, is modern, as are also the rails. There is a double Early English piscina in the southwall, and an ambry in the north. A plain cross of the seventeenth centurycrowns the eastern gable of the chancel externally. 

No doubt there were originally "fit and proper {179} texts of scriptureeverywhere painted;" but, if this were so, they are now concealed by thewhitewash. Such are not uncommon in neighbouring churches. No "poor man'sbox conveniently seated" remains, but there are indications of its havingbeen fixed to the back of the bench nearest to the south door. 

The roof is open to the tiles, being, like the seats, Gothic in design andof seventeenth century execution. The same may be said of the tower, whichis battlemented, and finished off with pinnacles surmounted by balls, andhas a somewhat heavy appearance. But it is solid and substantial, and it isevident that no expense was spared to make it--so far as the skill of thetime could make it--worthy of its purpose and of the donor. There are fivebells. No. 1. Has the inscription:

 "IHS NAZARENVS REX IVDEORVM FILI DEI MISERERE MEI : GEORGE WOOLF VICAR : I : MICHELL : C : W : W : N. 1720. "

Nos. 2. 4. And 5. Contain the alphabet in Lombardic capitals; but theinscription and date on each of them, --

 "THOMAS NOBBIS MADE ME 1641"--

show that they are not of the antiquity which generally renders the fewspecimens we have of alphabet bells so peculiarly interesting, but probablythey were copied from the bells in the more ancient tower. No. 3. Has inLombardic capitals the fragment--

 "ESME: CCATHERINA, "

and is consequently of ante-Reformation date. 

The porches are both of the Early English period, and form therefore a verynoticeable feature. 

On the external walls are several highly ornamented spouts, upon some ofwhich crosses are figured, and upon one with the date "1632" I discoveredthree crests; but as I could not accurately distinguish what they wereintended to represent, I will not run the risk of describing them wrongly. The wivern, the crest of the Herberts, did not appear; nor, so far as Icould learn, does the fabric itself afford any clue to him who was theprincipal author of its restoration. 

The view from the tower is extensive, and, from the number of spires thatare visible, very pleasing: fifteen or sixteen village churches are to beseen with the naked eye; and I believe that Ely Cathedral, nearly thirtymiles distant, may be discovered with the aid of a telescope. 

ARUN. 

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FOLK LORE. 

_Sacramental Wine. _--In a remote hamlet of Surrey I recently heard thefollowing superstition. In a very sickly family, of which the children weretroubled with bad fits, and the poor mother herself is almost half-witted, an infant newly born seemed to be in a very weakly and unnatural state. Oneof the gossips from the neighbouring cottages coming in, with a mysteriouslook said, "Sure, the babby wanted _something_, --a drop of the sacramentwine would do it good. " On surprise being expressed at such a notion, sheadded "Oh! they often gives it. " I do not find any allusion in Brand's_Antiquities_ to such popular credence. He mentions the superstition inBerkshire, that a ring made from a piece of silver collected at thecommunion (especially that on Easter Sunday) is a cure for convulsions andfits. 

ALBERT WAY. 

"_Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole_" (Vol. Iii. , p. 132. ). --Yourcorrespondent S. W. SINGER has brought to my recollection a verse, which Iheard some children singing near Exeter, in July last, and noted down, butafterwards forgot to send to you:--

 "Snail, snail, shut out your horns; Father and mother are dead: Brother and sister are in the back yard, Begging for barley bread. "

GEO. E. FRERE. 

Perhaps it would not be uninteresting to add to the records of the"Snail-charm" (Vol. Iii, p. 132. ), that in the south of Ireland, also, thesame charm, with a more fanciful and less threatening burden, was usedamongst us children to win from its reserve the startled and offendedsnail. We entreated thus:--

 "Shell a muddy, shell a muddy, Put out your horns, For the king's daughter is Comings to town With a red petticoat and a green gown!"

I fear it is impossible to give a clue as to the meaning of the form ofinvocation, or who was the royal visitor, so nationally clothed, for whosesake the snail was expected to be so gracious. 

F. J. H. 

_Nievie-nick-nack. _--A fire-side game, well known in Scotland; described byJamieson, Chambers, and (last, though not least) John M^cTaggart. Thefollowing version differs from that given by them:--

 "Nievie, nievie, nick, neck, Whilk han will thou tak? Tak the richt, or tak the wrang, I'll beguile thee if I can. "

It is alluded to by Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's_, iii. 102. ; _Blackwood'sMagazine_, August, 1821, p. 37. 

Rabelais mentions _à la nicnoque_ as one of the games played by Guargantua. This is rendered by Urquhart _Nivinivinack: Transl. _, p. 94. Jamieson(_Supp. To Scot. Dict. _, sub voce) adds:

 "The first part of the word seems to be from _Neive_, {180} the fist being employed in the game. Shall we view _nick_ as allied to the E. _v. _ signifying 'to touch luckily'?"

Now, there is no such seeming derivation in the first part of the word. The_Neive_, though employed in the game, is not the object addressed. It isheld out to him who is to guess--the conjuror--_and it is he who isaddressed_, and under a conjuring name. In short (to hazard a wideconjecture, it may be), he is invoked in the person of NIC NEVILLE (_NeivieNic_), a sorcerer in the days of James VI. , who was burnt at St. Andrew'sin 1569. If I am right, a curious testimony is furnished to his quondampopularity among the common people:

 "From that he past to Sanctandrois, where a notable sorceres callit _Nic Neville_ was condamnit to the death and brynt, " &c. &c. --_The Historie and Life of King Jame the Sext_, p. 40. Edin. 1825. Bannatyne Club Ed. 

J. D. N. N. 

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RECORDS AT MALTA. 

Let me call _your_ attention, as well as that of your readers (for good maycome from both), to an article in the December No. Of the _ArchæologicalJournal_, 1850, entitled "Notice of Documents preserved in the RecordOffice at Malta;" an article which I feel sure ought to be more publiclyknown, both for the sake of the reading world at large, and the highcharacter bestowed upon the present keeper of those records, M. LuigiVella, under whose charge they have been brought to a minute course ofinvestigation. There may be found here many things worthy of elucidation;many secret treasures, whether for the archæologist, bibliopole, or herald, that only require your widely disseminated "brochure" to bring nearer toour own homes and our own firesides. It is with this view that I venture toexpress a hope, that a _précis_ of that article may not be deemedirregular; which point, of course, I must leave to your good judgment andgood taste to decide, being a very Tyro in archæology, and no book-worm(though I really love a book), so I know nothing of _their_ points ofetiquette. At the same time I must, in justice to Mr. A. Milward (thewriter of the notice, and to whom I have not the honour of being known), entreat his pardon for the plagiarism, if such it can be called, havingonly the common "reciprocation of ideas" at heart; and remain as ever anhumble follower under Captain Cuttle's standard. 

One Corporal WHIP. 

 PRÉCIS of _Documents preserved in Record Office, Malta_. 

 Six volumes of Records, parchment, consisting of Charters from Sovereigns and Princes, Grants of Land, and other documents connected with the Order of St. John from its establishment by Pope Pascal II. , whose original bull is perfect. 

 Two volumes of Papers connected with the Island of Malta before it came into the possession of the Knights, from year 1397 to beginning of sixteenth century. 

 A book of Privileges of the Maltese, compiled about 200 years ago. 

 Several volumes of original letters from men of note: among whom we may mention, Viceroys of Sicily, Sovereigns of England. One from the Pretender, dated 1725, from Rome; three from Charles II. , and one from his admiral, John Narbrough. Numerous Processes of Nobility, containing much of value to many noble families; of these last, Mr. Vella has taken the trouble of separating, all those referring to any English families. 

 Also a volume of fifteenth century, containing the accounts of the commanderies. This is a continuation of an older and still more interesting volume, which is now in the Public Library. 

For further particulars, see _Archælogical Journal_, December, 1850, p. 369. 

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ON AN ANCIENT MS. OF "BEDÆ HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA. "

Some gentleman connected with the cathedral library of Lincoln may possiblybe able to give me some information respecting a MS. Copy of the _HistoriaEcclesiastica_ of Beda in my possession, and of which the followingcircumstances are therein apparent:--It is plainly a MS. Of greatantiquity, on paper, and in folio. On a fly-leaf it has an inscription, apparently of contemporaneous date, and which is repeated in a more modernhand on the next page with additions, as follows:

 "Hunc librum legavit Will[=m]s Dadyngton qu^odam Vicarius de Barton sup humbre ecclie Lincoln ut e[=e]t sub custodia Vicecancellarii. "

Then follows:--

 "Script[=u] p manus Nic[=o]i Belytt Vicecancellarii iiii^{to} die m[=e]sis Octob^r Anno Dni milles[=i]mo q[=u]icentessimo decimoqu[=i]to et Lr[=a] dñicalius G et Anno pp henrici octavi sexto. "

In the hand of John, father of the more celebrated Ralph Thoresby, isadded:

 "Nunc e Libris Jo[/h]is Thoresby de Leedes emp. Executor^{bus} Tho. Dñi Fairfax, 1673. "

Through what hands it may have passed since, I have no means of knowing;but it came into mine from Mr. J. Wilson, 19. Great May's Buildings, St. Martin's Lane, London, in whose Catalogue for December, 1831, it appeared, and was purchased by me for 3l. 3s. 

There it is conjectured to be of the twelfth century, and from thecharacter there is no reason to doubt that antiquity. It is on paper, andhas been ill-used. It proceeds no farther than into lib. V. C. Xii. , otherwise, from the beginning complete. The different public libraries ofthe country abound in MSS. Of this book. It is probable {181} that, underthe civil commotions in the reign of Charles I. The MS. In my possessioncame into the hands of General Fairfax, and thence into those of JohnThoresby: so that no blame can possibly attach to the present, or even somepast, generations, of the curators of any library, whether cathedral orprivate. It is, at all events, desirable to trace the pedigree of existingMSS. Of important works, where such information is attainable. 

Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me what became ofthe library of Ralph Thoresby; for into his possession, there can be littledoubt, it came from his father. 

J. M. 

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Minor Notes. 

_The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes. _--In the cabinet of a lover of_Folk-lore_ are two quaint and humble memorials by which two "ingloriousMiltons" have perpetuated their affection, each in characteristic sort. Theone was a potter; the other, probably, a shepherd. The "pignus amoris" ofthe former is a small earthenware vessel in the shape of a book, intendedapparently to hold a "nosegay" of flowers. The book has yellow clasps, andis authentically inscribed on its sides, thus:

 "The. Love. Is. True. That. I. Owe. You. Then. Se. You. Bee. The. Like. To. Mee. 

 (_On the other side. _)

 "The. Gift. Is. Small. Good. Will. Is. All. Jeneuery. Y^e 12 day. 1688. "

The shepherd's love gift is a wooden implement, very neatly carved, andintended to hold knitting-needles. On the front it has this couplet:

 "WHEN THIS YOV SEE. REMEMBER MEE. MW. 

 (_On one side. _)

 MW. 1673. "

To an uninformed mind these sincere records of honest men seem as much"signs of the times" as the perfumed sonnets dropped by expiring swainsinto the vases of "my lady Betty, " and "my lady Bab, " with a view topublication. 

H. G. T. 

_Writing-paper. _--I have long been subject to what, in my case, I feel tobe a serious annoyance. For the last twenty years I have been unable topurchase any letter-paper which I can write upon with comfort andsatisfaction. At first, I was allowed to choose between plain andhot-pressed; but now I find it impossible to meet with any, which is notglazed or smeared over with some greasy coating, which renders it verydisagreeable for use with a common quill--and I cannot endure a steel pen. My style of writing, which is a strong round Roman hand, is only suited fora quill. 

Can any of your correspondents put me in the way of procuring the goodhonest letter-paper which I want? I have in vain applied to the stationersin every town within my reach. Would any of the paper-mills be disposed tofurnish me with a ream or two of the unglazed, plain, and unhotpressedpaper which I am anxious to obtain?

Whilst I am on this subject, I will take occasion to lament the very greatinferiority of the paper generally which is employed in printing books. Itmay have a fine, glossy, smooth appearance, but its texture is so poor andflimsy, that it soon frays or breaks, without the greatest care; and manyan immortal work is committed to a miserably frail and perishable material!

A comparison of the books which were printed a century ago, with those ofthe present day, will, I conceive, fully establish the complaint which Iventure to make; and I would particularly remark upon the large Bibles andPrayer Books which are now printed at the Universities for the use of ourchurches and chapels, which are exposed to much wear and tear, and ought, therefore, to be of more substantial and enduring texture, but are of soflimsy, brittle, and cottony a manufacture, that they require renewingevery three or four years. 

"LAUDATOR TEMPORIS ACTI. "

_Little Casterton (Rutland) Church. _--Within the communion rails in thechurch of Little Casterton, Rutland, there lies in the pavement (or didlately) a stone, hollowed out like the basin or drain of a piscina, whichsome church-hunters have supposed to be a piscina, and have noticed as agreat singularity. The stone, however, did not originally belong to thischurch; it was brought from the neighbouring site of the desecrated churchof Pickworth, by the late Reverend Richard Twopeny, who held the rectory ofLittle Casterton upwards of sixty years; he had long seen it lyingneglected among the ruins, and at length brought it to his own church tosave it from destruction. 

It may be interesting to some of your readers to learn that in the chancelof Little Casterton are monumental brasses of an armed male and a femalefigure, the latter on the sinister side, with the following inscription inblack letter:--

 "Hic jacet D[=n]s Thomas Burto[=n] miles quondam d[=u]s de Tolthorp ac ecclesiæ. .. . Patronus qui obiit kalendas Augusti. .. . D[=n]a Margeria uxor ejus sinistris quor[um], a[=i]abus ppicietur deus amen. "

R. C. H. 

_The Hippopotamus_ (Vol. Ii. , pp. 35. 277. ). --I can refer yourcorrespondent L. (Vol. Ii, p. 35. ) to one more example of a Greek writerusing the word [Greek: hippopotamos], viz. , the Hieroglyphics of HorapolloNilous, lib. I. 56. (I quote from the edition by A. T. Cory. Pickering, 1840): {182}

 "[Greek: Adikon de kai achariston, hippopotamou onuchas duo, katô blepontas, graphousin]. "

He there mentions the idea of the animal contending against his father, &c. ; and as he flourished in the beginning of the fifth century, it isprobable that he is the source from which Damascius took the story. 

I have in my cabinet a large brass coin of the Empress Ptacilia Severa, wife of Philip, on which is depicted the Hippopotamus, with the legendSAECVLARES. AVGG. , showing it to have been exhibited at the sæcular games. 

E. S. TAYLOR. 

_Specimens of Foreign English. _--Several ludicrous examples have of latebeen communicated (see Vol. Ii. , pp. 57. 138. ), but none, perhaps, comparable with the following, which I copied about two years since atHavre, from a Polyglot advertisement of various Local Regulations, for theconvenience of persons visiting that favourite watering-place. Amongstthese it was stated that--

 _"Un arrangement peut se faire avec le pilote, pour de promenades à rames. "_

Of this the following most literal version was enounced, --

 "One arrangement can make himself with the pilot for the walking with _roars_" (sic). 

ALBERT WAY. 

_St. Clare. _--In the interesting and amusing volume of _Rambles beyondRailways_, M. W. Wilkie Collins has attributed the church of St. Cleer inCornwall, with its Well and ruined Oratory, to St. Clare, the heroic Virginof Assisi; but in the elegant and useful _Calendar of the Anglican Church_, the same church is ascribed to St. Clair, the Martyr of Rouen. My ownimpression is, that the latter is correct; but I note the circumstance, that some of your readers better informed than myself, may be enabled toanswer the Query, which is the right ascription? When Mr. Collins alludedto the fate of Bishop Hippo, devoured by rats, I presume he means BishopHatto, commemorated in the "Legends of the Rhine. "

BERIAH BOTFIELD. 

 Norton Hall, Feb. 14. 1851. 

_Dr. Dodd. _--On the 13th February, 1775, Dr. Dodd was inducted to thevicarage of Wing, Bucks, on the presentation of the Earl of Chesterfield. On the 8th February, 1777, he was arrested for forging the Earl's bond. Dr. Dodd never resided at Wing; but, during the short period he held theliving, he preached there four times. The tradition of the parish is, thaton those occasions he preached from the following texts; all of themremarkable, and the second and fourth especially so with reference to thesubsequent fate of the unhappy man, whose feelings they may reasonably besupposed to embody. 

The texts are as follows:--

 1 _Corinthians_ xvi. 22. "If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maran-atha. "

 _Micah_ vii. 8. "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; when I fall, I shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall be a light unto me. "

 _Psalm_ cxxxix. 1, 2. "O Lord, thou hast searched me and known me. Thou knowest my down-sitting and mine up-rising, thou understandest my thought afar off. "

 _Deuteronomy_ xxviii. 65, 66, 67. "And among these nations thou shalt find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest; but the Lord shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and sorrow of mind: and thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: In the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see. "

Q. D. 

_Hats of Cardinals and Notaries Apostolic_ (Vol. Iii. P. 169. ). --Aninstance occurs in a MS. In this college (L. 10. P. 60. ) circa temp. Hen. VIII. , of the arms of "Doctor Willm. Haryngton, prothonotaire apostolik, "ensigned with a black hat, having three tassels pendant on each side: theseappendages, however, are somewhat different to those attached to theCardinal's hat, the cords or strings not being _fretty_. I have seensomewhere a series of arms having the same insignia; but, at present, Icannot say where. 

THOS WM. KING, YORK HERALD. 

 College of Arms, Feb. 17. 1851. 

_Baron Munchausen's Frozen Horn. _--

 "Till the Holy Ghost came to thaw their memories, that the words of Christ, like the voice in Plutarch that had become frozen, might at length become audible. "--Hammond's _Sermons_, xvii. 

These were first published in 1648. 

E. H. 

_Contracted Names of Places. _--Kirton for Crediton, Devon; Wilscombe forWiveliscombe, Somersetshire; Brighton for Brighthelmstone, Sussex; Pomfretfor Pontefract, Yorkshire; Gloster for Gloucester. 

J. W. H. 

 * * * * *

Queries. 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. 

(_Continued from_ Vol. Iii. , p. 139. )

(43. ) Is there any valid reason for not dating the publication of some ofGerson's treatises at Cologne earlier than the year 1470? and if good causecannot be shown for withholding from them so high a rank in the scale oftypographic being, must we not instantly reject every effort to extenuateMarchand's obtuseness in asserting with reference to Ulric Zell, "On nevoit des éditions de ce Zell qu'en 1494?" (_Hist. De l'Imp. _, p. 56. ) {183}Schelhorn's opinion as to the birthright of these tracts is sufficient toawaken an interest concerning them, for he conceived that they should beclassed among the earliest works executed with cut moveable characters. (_Diat. Ad Card. Quirini lib. _, p. 25. Cf. Seemiller, i. 105. ) So far as Ican judge, an adequate measure of seniority has not been generally assignedto these Zellian specimens of printing, if it be granted "ColoniamAgrippinam post Moguntinenses primùm recepisse artem. " (Meerman, ii. 106. )This writer's representation, in his ninth plate, of the type used in 1467, supplies us with ground for a complete conviction that these undatedGersonian manuals are at least as old as the _Augustinus de singularitateclericorum_. But why are they not older? Is there any document which has astronger conjectural claim? Van de Velde's _Catalogue_, tome i. Gand, 1831, contains notices of some of them; and one volume before me has the firstinitial letter principally in blue and gold, the rest in red, and allelaborated with a pen. The most unevenly printed, and therefore, I suppose, the primitial gem, is the _Tractatus de mendicitate spirituali_, in whichnot only rubiform capitals, but whole words, have been inserted by achirographer. It is, says Van de Velde, (the former possessor, ) on thefly-leaf, "sans chiffres et réclames, en longues lignes de 27 lignes surles pages entières. " The full stop employed is a sort of twofold, recumbent, circumflex or caret; and the most eminent watermark in the paperis a Unicorn, bearing a much more suitable antelopian weapon than is thatawkwardly horizontal horn prefixed by Dr. Dibdin to the Oryx in profilewhich he has depicted in plate vi. Appertaining to his life of Caxton:_Typographical Antiquities_, vol. I. 

(44. ) Wherein do the ordinary _Hymni et Sequentiæ_ differ from thoseaccording to the use of Sarum? Whose is the oldest _Expositio_ commonlyattached to both? and respecting it did Badius, in 1502, accomplish muchbeyond a revision and an amendment of the style? Was not Pynson, in 1497, the printer of the folio edition of the Hymns and Sequences entered in Mr. Dickinson's valuable _List of English Service-Books_, p. 8. ; or is thereinaccuracy in the succeeding line? Lastly, was the titular woodcut inJulian Notary's impression, A. D. 1504 (Dibdin, ii. 580. ), derived from thedecoration of the _Hymnarius_, and the _Textus Sequentiarum cum optimocommento_, set forth at Delft by Christian Snellaert, in 1496? From thefirst page of the latter we receive the following accession to ourphilological knowledge:

 "Diabolus dicitur a _dia_, quod est duo, et _bolos_ morsus; quasi dupliciter mordens; quia lædit hominem in corpore et anima. "

(45. ) (1. ) In what edition of the Salisbury Missal did the amusing errorsin the "Ordo Sponsalium" first occur; and how long were they continued? Iallude to the husband's obligation, "to haue and to holde fro thys day_wafor beter_ for wurs, " &c. , and to the wife's prudential promise, "tohaue et to holde _for thys day_. " (2. ) Are there any vellum leaves in anycopy in England of the folio impression very beautifully printed _en rougeet noir_ "in alma Parisiorum academia, " die x. Kal. April, 1510?

(46. ) On the 11th of last month (Jan. ) somebody advertised in "NOTES ANDQUERIES" for _Foxes and Firebrands_. In these days of trouble and rebuke, when (if we may judge from a recent article savouring of Neal's secondvolume) it seems to be expected that English gentlemen will, in a Magazinethat bears their name, be pleased with a réchauffé of democratic obloquyupon the character of the great reformer of their church, and will lookwith favour upon _Canterburies Doome_, would it not be desirable thatRobert Ware's (and Nalson's) curious and important work should berepublished? If a reprint of it were to be undertaken, I would directattention to a copy in my possession of "The Third and Last Part, " Lond. 1689, which has many alterations marked in MS. For a new edition, and whichexhibits the autograph of Henry Ware. 

(47. ) Was COHAUSEN the composer of "Clericus Deperrucatus; sive, infictitiis Clericorum Comis moderni seculi ostensa et explosa Vanitas: CumFiguris: Autore ANNOEO RHISENNO VECCHIO, Doctore Romano-Catholico, " printedat Amsterdam, and inscribed to Pope Benedict XIII. ? One of thewell-finished copperplates, page 12. , represents "_Monsieur l'Abbé prenantdu Tabac_. "

(48. ) Where can a copy of the earliest edition of the _Testamentum XII. Patriarcharum_ be found? for if one had been easily obtainable, Grabe, Cave, Oudin, and Wharton (_Ang. Sac. _ ii. 345. ) would not have treated thethird impression as the first; and let it be noted by the way that "Clerico_Elichero_" in Wharton must be a mistake for "Clerico _Nicolao_. " Moreover, how did the excellent Fabricius (_Bibl. Med. Et inf. Latin. _, and also_Cod. Pseudepig. V. T. _, i. 758. ) happen to connect Menradus Moltherus withthe _editio princeps_ of 1483? It is certain that this writer's letter toSecerius, accompanying a transcript of Bishop Grossetête's version, whichimmediately came forth at Haguenau, was concluded "postridie Non. Januar. M. D. XXXII. "

(49. ) (1. ) Who was the bibliopolist with whom originated the perniciousscheme of adapting newly printed title-pages to books which had had aprevious existence? Sometimes the deception may be discerned even at aglance: for example, without the loss of many seconds, and by the aspect ofa single letter, (the long s, ) we can perceive the falsehood of theimprint, "Parisiis, apud Paul Mellier, 1842, " together with "S. -Clodoaldi, è typographeo Belin-Mandar, " grafted upon tome i. {184} of the Benedictineedition of S. Gregory Nazianzen's works, which had been actually issued in1778. Very frequently, however, the comparison of professedly differentimpressions requires, before they can be safely pronounced to be identical, the protracted scrutiny of a practised eye. An inattentive observer couldnot be conscious that the works of Sir James Ware, translated and improvedby Harris, and apparently the progeny of the year 1764, (the only edition, and that but a spurious one, recorded in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, )have been skilfully tampered with, and should be justly restored--the firstvolume to 1739, the second to 1745. 

(2. ) We must admit that a bookseller gifted with mature sapience will veryrarely, or never, be such an amateur in expensive methods of bamboozling, as to prefer having recourse to the title-page expedient, if he couldflatter himself that his purpose would be likely to be effected simply by_doctoring the date_; and thus a question springs up, akin to the formerone, How great is the antiquity of this timeserving device? At this moment, trusting only to memory, I am not able to adduce an instance of thedepravation anterior to the year 1606, when Dr. James's _Bellum Papale_ wasput forth in London as a new book, though in reality there was no noveltyconnected with it, except that the last 0 in 1600 (the authentic date) hadbeen compelled by penmanship to cease to be a dead letter, and to germinateinto a 6. 

(3. ) If neither the judicious naturalisation of a title-page, nor thedexterous corruption of the year in which a work was honestly produced, should avail to eliminate "the stock in hand, " _res ad Triariosrediit_--there is but one contrivance left. This is, to give to theill-fated hoard _another name_; in the hope that a proverb properlybelonging to a rose may be superabundantly verified in the case of an oldbook. What Anglo-Saxon scholar has not studied "_Divers AncientMonuments_, " revived in 1638? and yet perhaps scarcely any one is awarethat the appellation is entirely deceptive, and that no such collection wasprinted at that period. The inestimable remains of Ælfric, edited by L'Islein 1623, and then entitled, "_A Saxon Treatise concerning the Old and NewTestament_, " together with a reprint of the "_Testimonie of Antiquitie_, "(sanctioned by Archbishop Parker in 1567, ) had merely submitted tosubstitutes for the first two leaves with which they had been ushered intothe world, and after fifteen years the unsuspecting public were beguiled. When was this system of misnomers introduced? and can a more signalspecimen of this kind of shamelessness be mentioned than that which isafforded by the fate of Thorndike's _De ratione ac jure finiendiControversias Ecclesiæ Disputatio_? So this small folio in fours wasdesignated when it was published, Lond. 1670; but in 1674 it became_Origines_ _Ecclesiasticæ_; and it was metamorphosed into _RestauratioEcclesiæ_ in 1677. 

(50. ) Dr. Dibdin (_Typ. Antiq. _ iii. 350. ) has thus spoken of a quartotreatise, _De autoritate, officio, et potestate Pastorumecclesiasticorum_:--

 "This very scarce book is anonymous, and has neither date, printer's name, nor place; but being bound up with two other tracts of Berthelet's printing _are my reasons_ for giving it a place here. "

The argument and the language in this sentence are pretty nearly on a par;for as misery makes men acquainted with dissimilar companions, why may notparsimony conglutinate heterogeneous compositions? I venture to denyaltogether that the engraved border on the title-page was executed by anEnglish artist. It seems rather to be an original imitation of Holbein'sdesign: and as regards the date, can we not perceive what was meant for amodest "1530" on a standard borne by one of the boys in procession? InSimler's Gesnerian _Bibliotheca_ SIMON HESS (let me reiterate the question, Who was he?) is registered as the author; and of his work we read, "Liberimpressus in Germania. " This observation will determine its locality to acertain extent; and the tractate may be instantly distinguished from allothers on the same subject by the presence of the following alliterativefrontispiece:--

 "Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna, Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit. Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes, Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis. "

R. G. 

 * * * * *

ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH. 

In the church of Middleton Tyas, in the North Riding of the county, thereis the following extraordinary inscription on the monument of a learnedincumbent of that parish:--

 "This Monument rescues from oblivion the Remains of the Rev. John Mawer, D. D. , late Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18th, 1763, aged 60. The doctor was descended from the royal family of Mawer, and was inferior to none of his illustrious ancestors in personal merit, being the greatest linguist this nation ever produced. He was able to write and speak twenty-two languages, and particularly excelled in the Eastern tongues, in which he proposed to his Royal Highness Frederick Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly attached, to propagate the Christian religion in the Abyssinian empire, --a great and noble design, which was frustrated by the death of that amiable prince. "

Whitaker, after giving the epitaph verbatim in his _History ofRichmondshire_, vol. I. P. 234. , says:

 "This extraordinary personage, who may seem to have been qualified for the office of universal interpreter to all the nations upon earth, appears, {185} notwithstanding, to have been unaware that the Christian religion, in however degraded a form, has long been professed in Abyssinia. With respect to the royal line of Mawer I was long distressed, till, by great good fortune, I discovered that it was no other than that of old King Coyl. "

As I happen to feel an interest in the subject which disinclines me to restsatisfied with the foregoing hasty--not to say flippant explanation of thelearned historian, I am anxious to inquire whether or not any reader of the"NOTES AND QUERIES" can throw light on the history, and especially thegenealogy, of this worthy and amiable divine? While I have reason tobelieve that Dr. Mawer was about the last person in the world to havecomposed the foregoing eulogy on his own character, I cannot believe thatthe allusion to illustrious ancestors "is merely a joke, " as Whitaker seemsto imply; while it is quite certain that there is nothing in theinscription to justify the inference that the deceased had been "unawarethat the Christian religion" had "long been professed in Abyssinia:"indeed, an inference quite the reverse would be quite as legitimate. 

J. H. 

 Rotherfield, Feb. 23. 1851. 

 * * * * *

SHAKSPEARE'S "MERCHANT OF VENICE"

(Act IV. Sc. 1. ). 

In the lines--

 "The quality of Mercy is not strained, It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven, Upon the place beneath. "

What is the meaning of the word "strained?" The verb _to strain_ issusceptible of two essentially different interpretations; and the questionis as to which of the two is here intended? On referring to Johnson'sDictionary, we find, amongst other synonymous terms, _To squeeze throughsomething; to purify by filtration; to weaken by too much violence; to pushto its utmost strength_. Now, if we substitute either of the two lattermeanings, we shall have an assertion that "Mercy is not weakened by toomuch violence (or put to its utmost strength), but droppeth, as the gentlerain from heaven, " &c. , where it would require a most discerning editor toexplain the connexion between the two clauses. If, on the other hand, wetake the first two meanings, the passage is capable of being understood, ifnothing else. Beginning with _to squeeze through something_; what wouldpresent itself to our ideas would be, that "Mercy does not fall in onecontinuous stream (as would be the case, if _strained_) on one particularportion of the earth, but expands into a large and universal shower, so asto spread its influence over the entire globe. " This, however, though notabsurd, is, I fear, rather forced. 

To come to the second explanation of _to purify_, which in my opinion isthe most apt, I take it that Shakspeare intended to say, that "Mercy is sopure and undefiled as to require no cleansing, but falls as gently andunsullied as the showers from heaven, ere soiled by the impurities ofearth. "

With these few remarks, I shall leave the matter in the hands of thosewhose researches into the English language may have been deeper than myown, with a hope that they may possess time and inclination to promote theelucidation of a difficulty in one of the most beautiful passages of ourgreat national bard; a difficulty, by the way, which seems to have escapedthe notice of all the editors and commentators. 

L. S. 

 * * * * *

Minor Queries. 

_Was Lord Howard of Effingham, who commanded in chief against the SpanishArmada, a Protestant or a Papist?_--On the one hand, it is highlyimprobable that Queen Elizabeth should employ a popish commander againstthe Spaniards. 

1. The silence of Dr. Lingard and other historians is also negatively infavour of his being a Protestant. 

But, on the other hand, it has been repeatedly asserted, in both houses ofParliament, that he was a Papist. 

2. It is _likely_, because his _father_ was the eldest son by his secondwife of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk, and was created Baron Howard ofEffingham by Queen Mary. 

3. Whatever his own religion may have been, he was contemporary with hiscousin, Philip, Earl of Arundel, whom Camden calls the champion of theCatholics, and whose _violence_ was the cause of his perpetualimprisonment. 

4. The present Lord Effingham has recently declared that by blood he was(had always been?) connected with the Roman Catholics. 

Under these and _other_ circumstances, it is a question to be settled by_evidence_. 

C. H. P. 

 Brighton. 

_Lord Bexley--how descended from Cromwell?_--In the notice of the late LordBexley in _The Times_, it is stated that he was _maternally_ descended fromOliver Cromwell, the Protector, through the family of Cromwell'sson-in-law, Ireton. 

Burke, in his _Peerage_, mentions that Henry Vansittart, father of LordBexley, was governor of Bengal (circa 1770), and that he married AmeliaMorse, daughter of Nicolas Morse, governor of Madras. 

It would therefore appear that this said Nicolas Morse was a descendant ofGeneral Ireton. I wish to ascertain if this assumption be correct; and, ifcorrect, when and how the families of Morse and Ireton became connected? Ifany of your correspondents can furnish information on this {186} subject, or acquaint me where I can find any account or pedigree of the Morsefamily, I shall feel much indebted to them. 

PURSUIVANT. 

_Earl of Shaftesbury. _--I have read with great interest Lord Shaftesbury'sletter to Le Clerc, published in No. 67. May I ask your correspondentsJANUS DOUSA and Professor des Amories VAN DER HOVEN, whether theRemonstrants' library of Amsterdam contains any papers relating to thefirst Earl of Shaftesbury, which might have been sent by the third Earl toLe Clerc; and whether any notices or traditions remain in Amsterdam of thefirst Lord Shaftesbury's residence and death in that city? Any informationrelative to the first Earl of Shaftesbury will greatly oblige. 

CH. 

_Family of Peyton. _--Admiral Joseph Peyton [Post-Captain, December 2, 1757--Admiral, 1787--ob. 1804] was Admiral's First Captain in the fleetunder Darby, at the relief of Gibraltar, 1781. He was son of CommodoreEdward Peyton [Post-Captain, April 4, 1740], who is supposed to have goneover from England, and settled in America, and there to have died. I shouldbe very glad of further particulars of these persons. Are my dates correct?How is this branch of the family (lately represented by John Joseph Peyton, Esq. , of Wakehurst, who married a daughter of Sir East Clayton East, Bart. , and died in 1844, leaving four children minors) connected with the BaronetsPeyton, of Iselham, or Dodington? Who was the father of the aboveCommodore? It may aid the inquiry to mention that this branch is related tothe Grenfell family: William Peyton, second son of the above AdmiralJoseph, having married a first cousin of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq. , M. P. ForGreat Marlow (who died in 1833). 

ACHE. 

"_La Rose nait en un Moment. _"--I wish to learn the name of the author ofthe following verses, and where they are to be found. Any of yourcorrespondents who can inform me shall receive my sincere thanks:--

 "La Rose nait en un moment, En un moment elle est flêtrie; Mais ce que pour vous mon coeur sent, Ne finira qu'avec ma vie. "

T. H. K. 

 Malew, Man. 

_John Collard the Logician. _--Could any of your correspondents tell mewhere I could find any account of _John Collard_, who wrote three treatiseson Logic:--The first, under the name of _N. Dralloc_ (his name reversed), _Epitome of Logic_, Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1795; in his own name, _Essentials of Logic_, Johnson, 1796; and in 1799, the _Praxis of Logic_. He is mentioned as _Dralloc_ by Whately and Kirwan; but nobody seems tohave known him as _Collard_ but Levi Hedge, the American writer on thatsubject. I made inquiry, some forty years ago, and was informed that helived at Birmingham, was a chairmaker by profession, and devoted much ofhis time to chemistry; that he was known to and esteemed by Dr. Parr; andthat he was then dead. 

At the close of his preface to his _Praxis_ he says, --

 "And let me inform the reader also, that this work was not composed in the pleasant tranquillity of retirement, but under such untoward circumstances, that the mind was subject to continual interruptions and vexatious distraction. "

Then he adds, --

 "I have but little doubt but this _Praxis_ will, at some future period, find its way into the schools; and though critics should at present condemn what they have either no patience or inclination to examine, I feel myself happy in contemplating, that after I am mouldered to dust, it may assist our reason in this most essential part. "

B. G. 

 Feb. 20. 1851. 

_Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan. _--Could any of your readers tell mewhere I might see a copy of _A List of the Sheriffs of County Glamorgan_, printed (privately?) by Rev. J. M. Traherne? I have searched the librariesof the British Museum, the Athenæum Club, and the Bodleian at Oxford, invain. 

EDMOND W. 

_Haybands in Seals. _--I have, in a small collection of Sussex deeds, twowhich present the following peculiarity: they have the usual slip ofparchment and lump of wax pendant from the lower edge, but the wax, insteadof bearing an armorial figure, a merchant's mark, or any other of thenumerous devices formerly employed in the authentication of deeds insteadof one's chirograph, has neatly inserted into it a small wreath composed oftwo or three stalks of grass (or rather hay) carefully plaited, and forminga circle somewhat less in diameter than a shilling. The deeds, which wereexecuted in the time of Henry the Seventh, relate to the transfer of smalllanded properties. I have no doubt that this diminutive _hayband_ was thedistinctive mark of a grazier or husbandman who did not consider his socialstatus sufficient to warrant the use of a more regular device by way ofseal. I have seen a few others connected with the same county, and, if Irecollect rightly, of a somewhat earlier date. I shall be glad to ascertainwhether this curious practice was in use in other parts of England. 

M. A. LOWER. 

 Lewes. 

_Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office. _--Polwhele, in his _History ofCornwall_, says, p. 139. :

 "To our countryman Edmund Prideaux we owe the regular establishment of the Post-office. "

{187}

He says again, p. 144. :

"Edmund Prideaux, Attorney-General to Oliver Cromwell, and _Inventor_ ofthe Post-office. "

Now the Edmund spoken of as Attorney-General, was of Ford Abbey, inDevonshire, and second son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, in thesaid county, therefore could not be one of the Cornish branch. 

Query No. 1. Who was the Edmund Prideaux, his countryman, that regularlyestablished the Post-office?

Query No. 2. How were letters circulated before his time?

Query No. 3. Was Edmund Prideaux the Attorney-General, the inventor of thePost-office, as he states; if not, who was?

Query No. 4. Has any life of Edmund Prideaux as Attorney-General beenpublished, or is any account of him to be found in any work?

G. P. P. 

_William Tell Legend. _--Could any of your readers tell me the true originof the William Tell apple story? I find the same story told of--

(1. ) Egil, the father of the famous smith Wayland, who was instructed inthe art of forging metals by two dwarfs of the mountain of Kallova. (Depping, _Mém. De la Société des Antiquaires de France_, tom. V. Pp. 223. 229. )

(2. ) Saxo Grammaticus, who wrote nearly a century before Tell, tells nearlythe same story of one Toko, who killed Harold. 

(3. ) "There was a souldier called Pumher, who, daily through witchcraft, killed three of his enemies. This was he who shot at a pennie on his son'shead, and made ready another arrow to have slain the Duke Remgrave (?Rheingraf), who commanded it. " (Reginald Scot, 1584. )

(4. ) And Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudeslie. 

G. H. R. 

_Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church, &c. _ (Vol. Iii. , p. 39. ). --WillJONATHAN OLDBUCK, JUN. , oblige me by describing the family coat-armourborne by the Cottons mentioned in his Note? It may facilitate his inquiry, in which, by the way, I am much interested. 

R. W. C. 

_Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage. _--What has become of this MS. ? SirGeorge Buc mentions it in _The Third University of England_, appended toStowe's _Annals_, ed. 1631, p. 1082. --

 "Of this art [the dramatic] have written largely _Petrus Victorius_, &c. --as it were in vaine for me to say anything of the art; besides, that _I have written thereof a particular treatise_. "

If this manuscript could be discovered, it would doubtless throwconsiderable light upon the Elizabethan drama. 

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. 

_A Cracowe Pike_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 118. ). --Since I sent you the Queryrespecting a _Cracowe Pike_, I have found that I was wrong in supposing itto be a weapon or spear: for _Cracowe Pikes_ was the name given to thepreposterous "piked shoes, " which were fashionable in the reign of RichardII. , and which were so long in the toes that it was necessary to tie themwith chains to the knee, in order to render it possible for the wearer towalk. Stowe, in his _Chronicle_, tells us that this extravagant fashion wasbrought in by Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Richard II. But why were theycalled _Cracowe_ pikes?

I. H. T. 

_St. Thomas of Trunnions. _--Who was this saint, and why is he frequentlymentioned in connexion with onions?

 "Nay softe, my maisters, by _Saincte Thomas of Trunions_, I am not disposed to buy of your _onions_. " _Apius and Virginia_, 1575. 

 "And you that delight in trulls and minions, Come buy my four ropes of hard _S. Thomas's onions_. " _The Hog hath lost his Pearl_, 1614. 

 "Buy my rope of onions--white _St. Thomas's onions_, " was one of the cries of London in the seventeenth century. 

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. 

_Paper-mill near Stevenage_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 473. ). --In your number forDecember 14, 1850, one of your correspondents, referring to Bartholomeus_de Prop. Rerum_, mentions a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county ofHertford, as being probably the earliest, or one of the earliest, established in England. I should feel much obliged if your correspondent, through the medium of your pages, would favour me with any furtherparticulars on this subject; especially as to the site of this mill, therebeing no stream within some miles of Stevenage capable of turning a mill. Ihave been unable to find any account of this mill in either of the countyhistories. 

HERTFORDIENSIS. 

_Mounds, Munts, Mounts. _--In the parish register of Maresfield in Sussex, there is an entry recording the surrender of a house and three acres ofland, called the "Mounds, " in 1574, to the use of the parish; and in thechurchwardens' accounts at Rye, about the same time, it is stated that thechurch of Rye was entitled to a rent from certain lands called "Mounts. " InJevington, too, there are lands belonging to the Earl of Liverpool calledMunts or Mounts, but whether at any time belonging to the church, I amunable to say. Any information as to the meaning of the word, or account ofits occurring elsewhere, will much oblige

R. W. B. 

_Church Chests. _--A representation of two knights engaged in combat issometimes found on ancient church chests. Can any one explain the meaningof it? Examples occur at Harty Chapel, Kent, and Burgate, Suffolk. Theformer is mentioned in the _Glossary of Architecture_, and described as acarving: the latter is painted only, {188} and one of the knights iseffaced: the other is apparently being unhorsed; he wears a juponembroidered in red, and the camail, &c. , of the time of Richard II. : asmall shield is held in his left hand: his horse stoops its head, apparently to water, through which it is slowly pacing. Is this a subjectfrom the legend of some saint, or from one of the popular romances of themiddle ages? Are any other examples known?

C. R. M. 

_The Cross-bill. _--Is "The Legend of the Cross-bill, " translated fromJulius Mosen by Longfellow, a genuine early tradition, or only a fiction ofthe poet?

2. Is the Cross-bill considered in any country as a sacred bird? and was itever so used in architectural decoration, illumination, or any other worksof sacred art?

3. What is the earliest record on evidence of the Cross-bill being known inEngland?

H. G. T. 

 Launceston. 

_Iovanni Volpe. _--Can any of your readers supply a notice of IOVANNI VOLPE, mentioned in a MS. Nearly cotemporary to have been

 "An Italian doctor, famous in Queen Elizabeth's time, who went with George Earl of Cumberland most of his sea voyages, and was with him at the taking of Portorico?"

Another MS. , apparently of the date of James I. , describes him as"physician to Queen Elizabeth. "

He had a daughter, Frances, widow of Richard Evers, Esq. ("of the family ofEvers of Coventry"), who married, 2d November, 1601, Richard Hughes, Esq. , then a younger son, but eventually representative, of the ancient house ofGwerclas and Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion, in Merionethshire, and died 29th June, 1636. 

M. N. O. 

_Auriga. _--How comes the Latin word AURIGA to mean "a charioteer?"

VARRO. 

_To speak in Lutestring. _--1. Philo-Junius--that is, Junius himself--in the47th Letter, writes:

 "I was led to trouble you with these observations by a passage which, _to speak in lutestring_, I met with this morning, in the course of my reading. "

Had the expression in Italics been used before by any one?

2. In the 56th Letter, addressed to the Duke of Grafton, Junius asks:

 "Is the union of _Blifil_ and _Black George_ no longer a romance?"

What part of that story is here referred to?

VARRO. 

"_Lavora, come se tu, " &c. _--In Bohn's edition of Jeremy Taylor's _HolyLiving and Dying_, I observe in the notes several Italian sentences, mostlycouplets or proverbs. One peculiarly struck me: and I should feel obligedif any of your readers could tell me whence it was taken, name of author, &c. The couplet runs thus (Vide p. 182. Of the work):--

 "Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora: Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora. "

Indeed it would not be amiss, if _all_ the notes were marked with authors'names or other reference, as I find some few of the Latin quotations aswell as the Greek, and _all_ the Italian ones, require a godfather. 

W. H. P. 

_Tomb of Chaucer. _--Are any of the existing English families descended fromthe poet Chaucer? If so, might they not fairly be applied to for acontribution to the proposed restoration of his tomb? His son ThomasChaucer left an heiress, married to De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk; but I havenot the means of ascertaining whether any of their posterity are extant. 

C. R. M. 

_Family of Clench. _--Can any of your readers supply me with the parentageand family of _Bruin Clench_ of St. Martin's in the Fields, citizen ofLondon? He married Catharine, daughter of William Hippesley, Esq. , ofThroughley, in Edburton, co. Sussex; and was living in 1686. His christianname does not appear in the pedigrees of the Clinche or Clench family ofBealings and Holbrook, co. Suffolk, in the _Heralds' Visitations_, in theBritish Museum. His daughter married Roger Donne, Esq. , of Ludham, co. Norfolk, and was the maternal grandmother of the poet Cowper. 

C. R. M. 

 * * * * *

Replies. 

CRANMER'S DESCENDANTS. 

(Vol. Iii. , p. 8. )

Your correspondent may be interested to know, that Sir Anthony Chester, Bart. , of Chichley, co. Bucks, married, May 21, 1657, Mary, dau. Of SamuelCranmer, Esq. , alderman of London, and sister to Sir Cæsar Cranmer, Kt. , ofAshwell, Bucks. This Samuel Cranmer was traditionally the last male heir ofthe eldest of Cranmer's sons; his descent is, I believe, stated in generalterms in the epitaphs of Lady Chester, at Chichley, and Sir Cæsar Cranmer, at Ashwell. He was a great London brewer by trade, and married his cousinMary (sister of Thomas Wood, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and SirHenry Wood, Bart. , of the Board of Green Cloth), dau. Of Thomas Wood, Esq. , of Hackney, by his wife ---- Cranmer. They had only two children, and itwould appear from Harleian MS. No. 1476. Fo. 419. , which omits all mentionof Sir Cæsar, that he died in his father's lifetime, and that Lady Chesterwas sole heiress to this branch of the Cranmers. 

There are two brief pedigrees I have seen of these Cranmers, one in Harl. MS. 1476. Above {189} mentioned, the other in Philipot's _Catalogue ofKnights_; but neither of them goes so far as to connect them with thearchbishop, or even with the Nottinghamshire family; for they both beginwith Samuel Cranmer's grandfather, who is described of Alcester, co. Warwick. Now the connexion is certain: could one of your readers supply mewith the wanting links? Is it possible that they omit all mention of thearchbishop on account of the prejudice mentioned by your correspondent;being able to supply the three generations necessary to gentility withouthim?

I am obliged to write without any books of reference, or I would haveconsulted the epitaphs in question again. 

R. E. W. 

I am afraid that my quotations from memory, in my letter of Saturday, were_not exactly correct_; for on examining Lipscomb's _Buckinghamshire_to-day, I find that it is stated (vol. Iv. Pp. 4-7. ) on the monument ofSamuel Cranmer at _Astwood Bury_, that he was "descended in a direct linefrom Richard Cranmer, elder brother to Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury;"and that it was found, on an inquisition held on April 7, 1640, that hisson and heir Cæsar Cranmer (called on the monument "Sir Cæsar Wood At^eCranmer, Kt. ") was his heir at six years of age. This Cæsar was knighted byCharles II. , and died unmarried; so that his sister, Lady Chester, wasevidently the representative of this branch of the Cranmer family. 

Now, with regard to this statement on the monument, in the first place itis discrepant with Lady Chester's epitaph at Chichley, which (Lipscomb's_Bucks_, vol. Iv. P. 97. ) expressly declares that she derived her descentfrom the archbishop. In the next place it appears from Thoroton's _Notts_, that the archbishop had no elder brother named Richard. His elder brother'sname was John; who by Joan, dau. Of John Frechevill, Esq. , had two sons, Thomas and _Richard_. Could this be the Richard alluded to? In the thirdplace, in neither of the pedigrees alluded to is there given any connexionwith the family of Cranmer of Aslacton. And, lastly, it is opposed to theuniform tradition of the family. Now, if any of your readers can clear upthis difficulty, or will refer me to any other pedigree of the Cranmers, Ishall feel extremely obliged to him. 

With the exception of the points now noticed, my former letter wasperfectly correct, and may be relied on in every respect. 

I may mention that these Cranmers were from Warwickshire. The monumentstates that Samuel Cranmer was born at "Aulcester" in that county, "aboutthe year 1575. "

R. E. W. 

 * * * * *

DUTCH POPULAR SONG-BOOK. 

(Vol. Iii. , p. 22. )

The second edition of the song-book mentioned by the HERMIT OF HOLYPORTmust have been published between 1781 and 1810, as the many popular worksprinted for S. And W. Koene may testify. In 1798 they lived on the Lindegracht, but shifted afterwards their dwelling-place to the Boomstraat. Forthe above information--about a trifle, interesting enough to call a_hermit_ from his _memento-mori_ cogitations--I am indebted to the kindnessof Mr. J. J. NIEUWENHUYZEN. 

But, alas! what can I, the man with a _borrowed name_ and borrowedlearning, say in reply to the first Query of the busy anchorite? He willbelieve me, when I tell his reverence that I am _not_ JANUS DOUSA. What'sin the name, that I could choose it? Must I confess? A token of gratefulremembrance; the only means of making myself known to a British friend ofmy youth, but for whom I would perhaps never have enjoyed MR. HERMIT'Svaluable contributions--the medium, in short, of being recognisedincognito. Will this do? Or must I say, copying a generous correspondent of"NOTES AND QUERIES, "--Spare my blushes, I am

J. H. VAN LENNEP. 

 Amsterdam, Feb. 25. 1851. 

 * * * * *

BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS. 

(Vol. Iii. , p. 87. )

Your correspondent P. Asks for information respecting the families anddescendants of William Malbank and Bigod de Loges, two of the Barons ofHugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, whose signatures are affixed to the charter offoundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey at Chester. 

Of the descendants of William Malbank I can learn nothing; but it appearsfrom the MS. Catalogue of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, thatRoger and Robert de Loges possessed lordships in the district of Coutancesin Normandy. One at least, Roger, must have accompanied the Conqueror toEngland (and his name appears in the roll of Battle Abbey as given by Fox), for we find that he held lands in Horley and Burstowe in Surrey. His widow, Gunuld de Loges, held the manor of Guiting in Gloucestershire of KingWilliam; and in the year 1090 she gave two hides of land to the monasteryof Gloucester to pray for the soul of her husband. Roger had two sons, Roger and Bigod, or, as he is sometimes called, Robert. The formerinherited the lands in Surrey. One of his descendants (probably hisgreat-grandson) was high sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in the years 1267, 1268, and 1269. His son Roger de Loges owned lands and tenements in Horley, called La Bokland, which he sold to the Abbot of {190} Chertsea. Hissuccessor, John de Logge of Burstowe, witnessed in the tenth year of EdwardII. A deed relating to the transfer of land in Hadresham, Surrey. The namebecame gradually corrupted to Lodge. 

To return to the subject of inquiry, Bigod de Loges--

 "held five tenements in Sow of the Earl of Chester, by the service of conducting the said earl towards the king's court through the midst of the forest of Cannock, meeting him at Rotford bridge upon his coming, and at Hopwas bridge on his return. In which forest the earl might, if he pleased, kill a deer at his coming, and another at his going back: giving unto Loges each time he should so attend him a barbed arrow. Hugo de Loges granted to William Bagot all his lands in Sow, to hold of him the said Hugo and his heirs, by the payment of a pair of white gloves at the feast of St. Michael yearly. "--Dugdale. 

Bigod de Loges had two sons, Hugo and Odardus:

 "Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Ranulphus de Meschines, Earl of Chester, in the baronies of Stanyton, Wigton, Doudryt, Waverton, Blencoyd, and Kirkbride, in the county of Cumberland; and the said Odardus built Wigton church and endowed it. He lived until King John's time. Henry I. Confirmed the grant of the barony to him, by which it is probable that he lived a hundred years. He had issue Adam. Adam had issue Odard, the lord, whose son and heir, Adam the Second, died without issue, and Odard the Fourth likewise, " &c. --Denton's _MS. _

Of the branch settled in Staffordshire and Warwickshire--

 "Hugo de Loges married, tempo Richard I. , Margerie, daughter and heiress of Robert de Brok. By this marriage Hugo became possessed of the manor of Casterton in Warwickshire. He was forester of Cannock chace. He had issue Hugo de Loges, of Chesterton, whose son and heir, Sir Richard de Loges, died 21st of Edward I. Sir Richard had issue two sons, Richard and Hugo. The eldest, Richard of Chesterton, left issue an only daughter, Elizabeth, married to Nicholas de Warwick. The issue of this marriage was John de Warwick, whose daughter and heiress, Eleonora, married Sir John de Peto, and brought the manor of Chesterton into that family. "--Dugdale. 

M. J. T. 

 * * * * *

SHAKSPEARE'S "ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA. "

(Vol. Iii. , p. 139. )

The scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_ contains two expressions which are in_Henry VIII. _--

 "Learn this, Silius. " "Learn this, brother. "--_Hen. VIII. _

 "The Captain's captain. " "To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen. "--_Hen. VIII. _

The first of these passages is in a scene in _Henry VIII. _, which MR. HICKSON gives to Fletcher (and of which, by-the-bye, it may be observed, that, like the scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_, it has nothing to do withthe business of the play). The other is in a scene which he gives toShakspeare. 

But, perhaps, there may be doubts whether rightly. I am exceedinglyignorant in Fletcher; but here is a form of expression which occurs twicein the scene, which, I believe, is more conformable to the practice ofFletcher:--

 "_A_ heed was in his countenance. " "And force them with _a_ constancy. "

There is very great stiffness in the versification: one instance is quiteextraordinary:

 "Yet I know her for A spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome to Our cause, that she should lie i' the bosom of Our hard rul'd king. "

There is great stiffness and tameness in the matter in many places. 

Lastly, what MR. HICKSON hopes he has taken off Shakspeare's shoulders, thecompliments to the Queen and the King, is brought in here most forcedly:--

 "She (_i. E. _ A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and complete In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her Will fall some blessings to this land, which shall In it be memoriz'd. "

But there is also the general question, whether, either upon _à priori_probability, or inferences derived from particular passages, we are boundto suppose that the two authors wrote scene by scene. Shakspeare mightsurely be allowed to touch up scenes, of which the mass might be written byFletcher. 

As to the dates, MR. COLLIER is persuaded that _Henry VIII. _ was written inthe winter of 1603-4. The accession of James was in March, 1603. MR. COLLIER thinks that the compliments to Queen Elizabeth were not written inher lifetime. He thinks that, even in the last year of her long reign, noone would have ventured to call her an "aged princess, " though merely as away of saying that she would have a long reign; and he says, there is notthe slightest evidence that the compliment to King James was aninterpolation. But surely it is strong evidence that if there is nointerpolation, this passage--

 "As when The bird of wonder dies, the maiden phoenix, "

afterwards--

 "When Heav'n shall call her from this cloud of darkness, "

and then, after disposing of the King--

 "She shall be to the happiness of England An aged princess . . . . . . . . . Would I had known no more--but she must die; She must--the saints must have her yet a virgin, " &c. 

{191} would be ridiculous. All that can be said is, that either way it ispartly ridiculous to make it a matter of prophecy and lamentation that ahuman being must, sometime or other, die. 

But it is very difficult to conceive that the compliments to Elizabethshould have been written after her death. 

Fletcher, born in 1579, did not, in Mr. Dyce's opinion, bring out anythingsingly or jointly with Beaumont till 1606 or 1607. 

The irrelevant scenes, like that of Ventidius, are introduced with twoobjects--one to gain time, the other for the sake of naturalness: of thelatter of which there are two instances in _Macbeth_; one where the Kingtalks of the swallows' nests: the other, relating to the English kingtouching for the evil, seems remarkably suited to the mind of Shakspeare. 

C. B. 

 * * * * *

"SUN, STAND THOU STILL UPON GIBEON!"

(JOSH. X. 12. )

(Vol. Iii. , p. 137. )

The observations of I. K. Upon this passage have obviously proceeded from apraiseworthy wish to remove what has appeared to some minds to beinconsistent with that perfect truth which they expect to be the result ofdivine inspiration. I. K. Doubtless believes that God put it into the heartof Joshua to utter a command for the miraculous continuance of daylight. But why should he expect the inspiration to extend so far as to instructJoshua respecting the manner in which that continuance was to be broughtabout? Joshua was not to be the worker of the miracle. It was to be wroughtby Him who can as easily stop any part of the stupendous machinery of Hisuniverse, as we can stop the wheels of a watch. Joshua was left to speak, as he naturally would, in terms well fitted to make those around himunderstand, and tell others, that the sun and moon, whom the defeatedpeople notoriously worshipped, were so far from being able to protect theirworshippers, that they were made to promote their destruction at thebidding of Joshua, whom God had commissioned to be the scourge ofidolaters. And when the inspired recorder of the miracle wrote that "thesun stood still, " he told what the eyes saw, with the same truth as I mightsay that the sun _rose_ before seven this morning. Inspiration was notbestowed to make men wise in astronomy, but wise unto salvation. 

Those who think that the inspired penman should have said "the earth stoodstill, " in order to give a perfectly true account of the miracle, have needto be told, or would do well to remember, that the stopping of the diurnalrevolution of the earth, in order to keep the sun and moon's apparentplaces the same, would not involve a cessation of its motion in its orbit, still less a cessation of that great movement of the whole solar system, bywhich it is now more than conjectured that the sun, the moon, and the earthare all carried on together at the rate of above 3700 miles in an hour; sothat to say "the earth stood still" would be liable to the same objection, viz. , that of not being astronomically true. I. K. Carries his notion ofthe "inseparable connexion" of the sun "with all planetary motion" too far, when he supposes that a stoppage of the sun's motion round its own axiswould have any effect on our planet. The note he quotes from Kitto's_Pictorial Bible_ is anything but satisfactory; and that from Mant ischildishly common-place. Good old Scott adverts with propriety to theCreator's power to keep all things in their places, when the earth'srevolution was stopped; but when he endeavoured to illustrate it by thelittle effect of a ship's _casting anchor when under full sail_, he shouldhave consulted his friend Newton, who would have stopped such animagination. Another commentator, Holden, has argued, in spite of theHebrew, that "in the midst of heaven" cannot mean mid-day, having made uphis mind that the moon can never be seen at that hour!

Such helpers do but make that difficult which, if received in itssimplicity, need neither perplex a child nor a philosopher. 

H. W. 

 * * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries. 

_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 60. ). --The late Bishop Butler's collectionof manuscripts is in the British Museum. I send you a copy of the bishop'sown description of the MS. (which should be called the _St. Gall MS. _), from the printed Catalogue, which was prepared for a sale by auction, previous to the negociation with the trustees for the purchase of thecollection for the nation. 

 "Acta Apostolorum. Epistolæ Pauli et Catholicæ cum Apocalypsi. Latinè. Sæculi IX. Upon Vellum. 4to. 

The date of this most valuable and important manuscript is preserved bythese verses:

 'Iste liber Pauli retinet documenta sereni Hartmodus Gallo quem contulit Abba Beato, Si quis et hunc Sancti sumit de culmine Galli Hunc Gallus Paulusque simul dent pestibus amplis. '

Which I thus have tried to imitate:

 Thys boke conteynes the doctrynes of Seynct Paull, Hartmodus thabbat yeve yt to Seynct Gall; Gyf any tak thys boke from hygh Seynct Gall, Seynct Gall appall hym and Seynct Paull hym gall. 

Hartmodus was Abbot of St. Gall in the Grisons from A. D. 872 to 874. TheMS. Therefore may be earlier than the former, but cannot be later than thelatter date. {192}

This MS. Is of the very highest importance. It contains the celebratedpassage of St. John thus: 'Quia tres sunt, qui testimonium dant, Spliritus, aqua, et sanguis, et tres unum sunt. Sicut in coelo tres sunt, Pater, Verbum, et Spiritus, et tres unum sunt. ' This most important word _Sicut_clearly shows how the disputed passage, from having been a Gloss crept intothe text. And on the first page prior to the Seven Catholic Epistles is thePrologue of St. Jerome, bearing his name in uncials, which Porson and otherlearned men think spurious. See Porson's _Letters to Travis_, p. 290. "--Bp. Butler's Manuscript Catalogue. 

H. Foss. 

 Rotherhithe, Jan. 29. 1851. 

_Harrison's Chronology_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 105. ). --To the querist on WilliamHarrison all lovers of bibliography are under obligations. At Oxford, amidthe Bodleian treasures, he could not have had many questions to ask: atThurles the case may be much otherwise, and he is entitled to a promptreply. 

After examining the _Typographical Antiquities_ of Ames and Herbert, andvarious bibliographical works, relying also on my own memory as a collectorof books for more than thirty years, I may venture to assert that the_Chronology_ of W. Harrison has never been printed. I can further assertthat no copy of the work is recorded in the _Catalogi librorummanuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ_, Oxoniæ, 1697. 

The best account of Harrison is given by bishop Tanner, in his _BibliothecaBritannico-Hibernica_. Wood, however, should be consulted. With referenceto the events of his life, it is important to observe that the date of hisletter to sir William Brooke, which may be called an autobiography inminiature, is 1577. 

Assuming that this question could not escape the notice of othercontributors, I had made no researches with a view to answer it, and shallbe happy to remedy the defects of this scrap at a future time. 

BOLTON CORNEY. 

_Mistletoe on Oaks_ (Vol. Ii. , pp. 163, 214. ). --Is it ever found now on_other_ trees? Sir Thos. Browne (_Vulg. Err. _ lib. Ii. Cap. Vi. § 3. ) says, "We observe it in England very commonly upon _Sallow_, _Hazell_, and Oake. "By-the-bye, DR. BELL (p. 163. ) seems to adopt the belief, which it isBrowne's object in the section referred to above to refute, viz. , that"Misseltoe is bred upon trees, from seeds which birds let fall thereon. "Have later observations shown that it was Browne himself who was in error?

ACHE. 

_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 70. ). --An instance of the cognate customof swearing by pheasants is given by Michelet, _Précis de l'HistoireModerne_ (pp. 19, 20. ). On the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, --

 "L'Europe s'émut enfin: Nicholas V. Prêcha la croisade. .. . à Lille, le duc de Bourgoyne fit apparaître, dans un banquet, l'image de l'Eglise désolée et, selon les rites de la chevalerie, jura Dieu, la Vierge, les dames, et _le faisan_, qu'il irait combattre les infidèles. " (1454. )

It seems, however, that in spite of all these formalities, the oath did notsit very heavily on the conscience of the taker: for we are toldimmediately after that--

 "Cette ardeur dura peu. .. . Le duc de Bourgoyne resta dans ses états. "

Michelet gives, as his authority, Olivier de la Marche, t. Viii. _De laCollection des Mémoires rélatifs à l'Hist. De France_, edit. De M. Petitot. 

X. Z. 

_Jurare ad caput animalium_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 392; Vol. Iii. , p. 71. ). --Schayes, a Belgic writer (in _Les Pays Bas avant et durant laDomination Romaine_, vol. Ii. P. 73. Et seq. ), furnishes references to twocouncils, in which this mode of swearing was condemned, viz. Concil. Aurelianense (Orleans), A. D. 541, and Concil. Liptinense (Liptines orLestines), 743. On the Indiculus Paganiarum of the latter he subjoins thecommentaries of Des Roches (_Anc. Mém. De l'Acad. De Brux. _), de Meinders(_de statu relig. Sub Carolo M. _, p. 144. ), d'Eckart (_Francia Orient_, lib. I. P. 407. ), de Canciani (_de Legibus barbaror. _, tom. Iii. P. 78. ). The enquirer may also consult Riveli Opera on the Decalogue; Petiti, _Observ. Miscell. _ lib. Iv. C. 7. : "Defenditur Socrates ab improbaLactantii calumnia et de ejus jusjurando per _canem_:" and Alex. AbAlexandro, _Geniales Dies_, lib. V. C. 10. 

I may avail myself of this opportunity of noticing the misprint in p. 152. , _V_ezron for _P_ezron. 

T. J. 

_Ten Children at a Birth_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 459. ; Vol. Iii. , p. 64. ). --We areindebted to the obliging courtesy of the editor of the _Leeds Mercury_ forthe following extract from that paper of the 9th October, 1781:--

 "A letter from Sheffield, dated October 1, says, 'This day one Ann Birch, formerly of Derby, who came to work at the silk-mills here, was delivered of TEN children; nine were dead, and one living, which, with the mother, is likely to do well. '"

Our informant adds--

 "I never heard of any silk-mills at Sheffield. If there was a Medical Society in Sheffield then, its records might be examined. "

Can our correspondent N. D. Throw any further light upon this certainlycurious and interesting case?

_Richard Standfast_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 143. ). --This divine is buried in ChristChurch, Bristol; having been rector of that church for the long space offifty-one years. There is a monument erected to his memory in theabove-mentioned building, with the following inscription:-- {193}

 "Near this place lieth the body of Richard Standfast, Master of Arts, of Sidney College in Cambridge, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to his Majesty King Charles I. , who for his loyalty to the King and stedfastness in the established religion, suffered fourteen years' sequestration. He returned to his place in Bristol at the restoration of King Charles II. , was then made prebendary of the cathedral church of Bristol, and for twenty years and better (notwithstanding his blindness) performed the offices of the church exactly, and discharged the duties of an able, diligent, and orthodox preacher. He was Rector of Christ Church upwards of fifty-one years, and died August 24, in the seventy-eighth year of his age, and in the year of Our Lord 1681. 

 He shall live again. "

The following additional lines, composed by himself, were taken down fromhis own mouth two days before his death; and are, according to his owndesire, inscribed on his tomb:--

 "Jacob was at Bethel found, And so may we, though under ground. With Jacob there God did intend, To be with him where'ver he went, And to bring him back again, Nor was that promise made in vain. Upon which words we rest in confidence That he which found him there will fetch us hence. Nor without cause are we persuaded thus, For where God spake with him, he spake with us. "

Besides the work your correspondent mentions, he wrote a book, entitled a_Caveat against Seducers_. 

J. K. R. W. 

 Feb. 22. 1851. 

"_Jurat, crede minus_" (Vol. Iii. , p. 143. ). --This epigram was quoted bySir Ed. Coke on the trial of Henry Garnet. The author I cannot tell, butF. R. R. May be glad to trace it up thus far. 

J. BS. 

_Rab Surdam_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 493. ; Vol. Iii. , p. 42. ). --May not "Rab Surdam"be the ignorant stone-cutter's version of "resurgam?"

M. A. H. 

_The Scaligers_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 133. ). --Everything relating to this familyis interesting, and I have read with pleasure your correspondent'scommunication on the origin of their armorial bearings. I am, however, rather surprised to observe, that he seems to take for granted therelationship of Julius Cæsar Scaliger and his son Joseph to the Lords ofVerona, which has been so convincingly disproved by several writers. Theworld has been for some time pretty well satisfied that these twoillustrious scholars were mere impostors in the claim they made, thatJoseph Scaliger's letter to Janus Dousa was a very impudent affair. If yourcorrespondent has met with any new evidence in support of their claim, itwould gratify me much if he would make it known. Who would not derivepleasure from seeing the magnificent boast of Joseph proved at last to havebeen founded in fact:

 "Ego sum septimus ab Imperatore Ludovico et Illustrissimâ Hollandiæ comite Margareta: septimus item a Mastino tertio, ut et magnus Rex Franciscus, literarum parcus. "

and Scioppius's parting recommendation--

 "Quid jam reliquum est tibi, nisi ut nomen commutes et ex Scalifero fias Furcifer?"--_Scaliger Hypobolimaeus. Mogunt. _, 1607, 4to. , p. 74. B. 

deprived of its force and stringency? I fear, however, that this is not tobe expected. 

It is impossible to read Joseph Scaliger's defence of his own case in therejoinder to Scioppius, _Confutatio fabulæ Burdonum_, without observingthat the author utterly fails in connecting Niccolo, the great-grandfatherof Joseph, with Guglielmo della Scala, the son of Can Grande Secundo. Andyet such is the charm of genius, that the _Confutatio_, altogetherdefective in the main point as a reply, will ever be read with delight bysucceeding generations of scholars. 

JAMES CROSSLEY. 

 Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851. 

_Lincoln Missal_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 119. ). --It is clear that one of the mostlearned ritualists, Mr. Maskell, did not know of a manuscript of theLincoln Use, else he would have noted it in his work, _The Ancient Liturgyof the British Church_, where the other Uses of Salisbury, York, Bangor, and Hereford, are compared together. In his preface to this work (p. Ix. )he states--

 "It has been doubted whether there ever was a Lincoln Use in any other sense than a different mode and practice of chanting. "

MR. PEACOCK would probably find more information in the _MonumentaRitualia_, to which Mr. Maskell refers in his preface. 

N. E. R. (A Subscriber. )

_By and bye_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 73. ). --Your correspondent S. S. , in support ofhis opinion that _by the bye_ means "by the way, " suggests that _good bye_may mean "bon voyage. " I must say the commonly received notion, that it isa contraction of "God be wi' ye, " appears to me in every way preferable. Ithink that in the writers of the Elizabethan age, every intermediatevariety of form (such as "God b' w' ye, " &c. ) may be found; but I cannot atthis moment lay my hand on any instance. 

In an ingenious and amusing article in a late Number of the _Quarterly_, the character of different nations is shown to be indicated by theirdifferent forms of greeting, and surely the same may be said of their formsof taking leave. The English pride themselves, and with justice, on being apeculiarly religious people: now, applying the above test, --as theFrenchman has his _adieu_, the Italian his _addio_, the Portuguese his_addios_, and the Spaniard his "vaya usted con _Dios_, "--it is to bepresumed {194} that the Englishman, also, on parting from his friend, willcommit him to the care of Providence. On the other hand, it must beadmitted that the Germans, who, as well as the English, are supposed toentertain a deeper sense of religion than many other nations, contentthemselves with a mere "lebe-wohl. " I should be obliged if some one of yourreaders will favour me with the forms of taking leave used by othernations, in order that I may be enabled to see whether the above test willhold good on a more extensive application. 

X. Z. 

_Gregory the Great. _--This is clearly a mere slip of the pen in LadyMorgan's pamphlet. I I think it may confidently be asserted that GregoryVII. Has not been thus designated habitually at any period. 

R. D. H. 

_True Blue_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 92. )--"The earliest connexion of the colour bluewith truth" (which inquiry I cannot consider as synonymous with theoriginal Query, Vol. Ii. , p. 494. ) is doubtless to be traced back to one ofthe typical garments worn by the Jewish high priest, which was (seeGodwyn's _Moses and Aaron_, London, 1631, lib. I. Chap. 5. ) "A robe all ofblew, with seventy two bels of gold, and as many pomegranates, of blew, purple, and scarlet, upon the skirts thereof. " He says that "by the bellswas typed the sound of his (Christ's) doctrine; by the pomegranates thesweet savour of an holy life;" and, without doubt, by "the blew robe" wastypified the immutability and truthfulness of the person, mission, anddoctrine of our great High Priest, who was clothed with truth as with agarment. The great Antitype was a literal embodiment of the symbolicpanoply of his lesser type. 

BLOWEN. 

_Drachmarus_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 157. ). --Your correspondent has my most cordialthanks both for his suggestion, and also for his conjecture. 

1. Perhaps you will kindly afford me space to say, that the name ofDrachmarus occurs in a well-written MS. Account of Bishop Cosin'scontroversy, during his residence in Paris, with the Benedictine PriorRobinson, concerning the validity of our English ordination: in the courseof which, after stating the opinion of divers of the Fathers, that the keysof order and jurisdiction were given John xx. , "Quorum peccata, " &c. , Cosinadds:

 "I omit Hugo Cardinalis, the ordinary gloss, _Drachmarus_, Scotus, as men of a later age (though all, as you say, of your church) that might be produced to the same purpose. "

I should here perhaps state, that no letter of Prior Robinson's is extantin which any mention is made either of Drachmarus or of Druthmarus. 

2. Before my Query was inserted, it had not only occurred to me as probablethat the transcriber might have written Drachmarus in mistake forDruthmarus, but I had also consulted such of Druthmar's writings as arefound in the _Bibl. Patr. _ I came to the conclusion, however, that a laterwriter than Christian Druthmar was intended. _My_ conjecture was, thatDrachmarus must be a second name for some known writer of the age of theschoolmen, just as _Carbajulus_ may be found cited under the name of_Loysius_, or _Loisius_, which are only other forms of his Christian name, _Ludovicus_. 

J. SANSOM. 

_The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex. _--E. H. Y. (Vol. Iii. , p. 66. ) is wrong inassigning the title of Lord _Mountacute_ to the Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex. In 1 & 2 Phil. And Mary, Sir Antony Browne (son of the Master of the Horseto Henry VIII. ) was created Viscount _Montague_ (Collins). When curate ofEastbourne, in which parish are situated the ruins of their ancestral Hallof Cowdray, I frequently heard the village dames recite the tales of therude forefathers of the hamlet respecting the family. 

They relate, that while the great Sir Antony (temp. Hen. VIII. ) was holdinga revel, a monk presented himself before the guests and pronounced thecurse of fire and water against the male descendants of the family, tillnone should be left, because the knight had received and was retaining thechurch-lands of Battle Abbey, and those which belonged to the priory ofEastbourne. Within the last hundred years, destiny, though slow of foot, has overtaken the fated race. In one day the hall perished by fire, and thelord by water, as mentioned by E. H. Y. The male line being extinct, theestate passed to the sister of Lord Montague. This lady was married to thelate W. S. Poyntz, Esq. , M. P. The two sons of Mr. And Mrs. Poyntz weredrowned at Bognor, and the estate a second time devolved on the femalerepresentatives. These ladies, still living, are the Marchioness of Exeter, the Countess Spencer, and the Dowager Lady Clinton. The estate passed bypurchase into the hands of the Earl of Egmont. 

The old villagers, the servants, and the descendants of servants of thefamily, point to the ruins of the hall, and religiously cling to the beliefthat its destruction and that of its lords resulted from the curse. Itcertainly seems an illustration of Archbishop Whitgift's words to QueenElizabeth:

 "Church-land added to an ancient inheritance hath proved like a moth fretting a garment, and secretly consumed both: or like the eagle that stole a coal from the altar, and thereby set her nest on fire, which consumed both her young eagles and herself that stole it. "

E. RDS. 

 Queen's Col. , Birm. , Feb. 20. 1851. 

_Red Hand_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 506. , _et antè_). --A correspondent, ARUN, says, "Your correspondents would confer a heraldic benefit if they would {195}point out other instances, which I believe to exist, where familyreputation has been damaged by similar ignorance in heraldicinterpretation. " I have always thought this ignorance to be universal withthe country people in England: I could mention _several instances_. First, when I was a boy at school I was shown the hatchments in Wateringburychurch, in Kent, by my master, and informed that Sir Thomas Styles hadmurdered some domestic, and was consequently obliged to bear the "bloodyhand:" and lastly, and lately, at Church-Gresley, in Derbyshire, at the oldhall of the Gresley family, I was shown the marble table on which Sir Rogeror Sir Nigel Gresley had cut up, in a sort of Greenacre style, his cook;for which he was obliged to have the bloody hand in his arms, and put intothe church on his tomb. 

H. W. D. 

_Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 137. ). --The twotracts mentioned by your correspondent R. D. H. , and which he states he hasoften sought in vain, namely, _Augusta Triumphans_, London, 1728, 8vo. , and_Second Thoughts are best_, London, 1729, 8vo. , are to be found in the_Selection from Defoe's Works_ published by Talboys in 20 vols. 12mo. In1840. They are both indisputably by Defoe, and contain, as yourcorrespondent observes, many anticipations of modern improvements. I maymention that there is a tract, also beyond doubt by Defoe, on the subjectof London street-robberies, which has never yet been noticed or attributedto him by any one. It is far more curious and valuable than _SecondThoughts are best_, and is perfectly distinct from that tract. It gives ahistory, and the only one I ever yet met with, written in all Defoe'sgraphic manner, of the London police and the various modes of streetrobbery in the metropolis, from the time of Charles II. To 1731, andconcludes by suggestions of effectual means of prevention. It is evidentlythe work of one who had lived in London during the whole of the period. Thetitle is--

 "An effectual Scheme for the immediate preventing of Street Robberies, and suppressing all other Disorders of the Night, with a brief History of the Night Houses, and an Appendix relating to those Sons of Hell called Incendiaries. Humbly inscribed to the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor of the City of London. London: Printed for J. Wilford, at the Three Flower de Luees, behind the Chapter House in St. Paul's Church Yard. 1731. (Price 1s. ) 8vo. , pages 72. "

I have also another tract on the same subject, which has not been noticedby Defoe's biographers, but which I have no hesitation in ascribing to him. It is curious enough, but not of equal value with the last. The title is--

 "Street Robberies considered. The reason of their being so frequent, with probable Means to prevent 'em. To which is added, three short Treatises: 1. A Warning for Travellers; with Rules to know a Highwayman and Instructions how to behave upon the occasion. 2. Observations on Housebreakers. How to prevent a Tenement from being broke open. With a Word of Advice concerning Servants. 3. A Caveat for Shopkeepers: with a Description of Shoplifts, how to know 'em, and how to prevent 'em: also a Caution of delivering Goods: with the Relation of several Cheats practised lately upon the Publick. Written by a converted Thief. To which is prefix'd some Memoirs of his Life. _Set a Thief to catch a Thief. _ London: Printed for J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane. Price 1s. (No date, but circ. 1726. ) 8vo. , pages 72. "

JAMES CROSSLEY. 

_Meaning of Waste-book_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 118. ). --The _waste-book_ in acounting-house is that in which all the transactions of the day, receipts, payments, &c. , are entered miscellaneously as they occur, and of which noaccount is immediately taken, no value immediately found; whence, so tospeak, the mass of affairs is undigested, and the wilderness or _waste_ isuncultivated, and without result until entries are methodically made in theday-book and ledger; without which latter appliances there would, inbook-keeping, be _waste_ indeed, in the worst sense of the term. The word_day-book_ explains itself. The word _ledger_ is explained in Johnson's andin Ash's _Dictionary_, from the Dutch, as signifying a book that lies inthe counting-house _permanently in one place_. The etymology there givenalso explains why certain lines used in fishing-tackle, by old IsaakWalton, and by his disciples at the present day, are called _ledger-lines_. It, however, does not seem to explain the phrase _ledger-lines_, used inmusic; namely, the term applied to those short lines added above or belowthe staff of five lines, when the notes run very high or very low, andwhich are exactly those which are not _permanent_. Here the French word_léger_ tempts the etymologist a little. 

ROBERT SNOW. 

_Deus Justificatus_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 441. ). --There is no doubt that this workwas written by Henry Hallywell, and not by Cudworth. Dr. Worthington, whoseintercourse with the latter was of the most intimate kind, and who wouldhave been fully aware of the fact had he been the author, observes, in aletter not dated, but written circ. September, 1668, addressed to Dr. More, and of which I have a copy now before me:

 "I bought at London Mr. Hallywell's _Deus Justificatus_. Methinks it is better written than his former Letter. He will write better and better. "

In a short account of Hallywell, who was of the school of Cudworth andMore, and whose MS. Correspondence with the latter is now in my possession, in Wood's _Fasti_, vol. Ii. P. 187. Edit. Bliss, Wood, "amongst severalthings that he hath published, " enumerates five only, but does not give the_Deus Justificatus_ amongst them. It {196} appears (Wood's _Athenæ_, vol. Iv. P. 230. ) that he was ignorant who the author of this tract was. 

It is somewhat singular that the mistake in ascribing _Deus Justificatus_to Cudworth should have been continued in Kippis's edition of the_Biographia Britannica_. It was so ascribed to him, first, as far as I canfind, by a writer of the name of Fancourt, in the preface to his _FreeAgency of Accountable Creatures Examined_, London, 1733, 8vo. On hisauthority it was included in the list of Cudworth's works in the _GeneralDictionary_, 1736, folio, vol. Iv. P. 487. , and in the _BiographiaBritannica_, 1750, vol. Iii. P. 1581. , and in the last edition by Kippis. Birch, in the mean time, finding, no doubt, on inquiry, that there was noground for ascribing it to Cudworth, made no mention of it in his accuratelife prefixed to the edition of the _Intellectual System_ in 1742. 

Hallywell, the author, deserves to be better known. In many passages in hisworks he gives ample proof that he had fully imbibed the lofty Platonismand true Christian spirit of his great master. 

JAMES CROSSLEY. 

_Touchstone's Dial_ (Vol. Ii. , p. 405. ; Vol. Iii. , pp. 52. 107. ). --I amgratified to find that my note on "Touchstone's Dial" has prompted MR. STEPHENS to send you his valuable communication on these old-fashionedchronometers. The subjoined extract from _Travels in America in the Year_1806, by Thomas Ashe, Esq. , is interesting, as it shows that "Ring-dials"were used as common articles of barter in America at the commencement ofthe present century:--

 "The storekeepers on the Alleghany River from above Pittsburg to New Orleans are obliged to keep every article which it is possible that the farmer and manufacturer may want. Each of their shops exhibits a complete medley: a magazine, where are to be had both a needle and an anchor, a tin pot and a large copper boiler, a child's whistle and a piano-forte, a _ring-dial_ and a clock, " &c. 

J. M. B. 

_Ring Dials_. --I was interested with the reference to _Pocket Sun-dials_ in"NOTES AND QUERIES, " pp. 52. 107. Because it re-furnished an opportunity ofplacing in print a scrap of information on the subject, which I neglectedto embrace when I first read MR. KNIGHT'S note on the passage inShakspeare. About seventy years ago these small, cheap, brass "Ring-dials"for the pocket were manufactured by the gross by a firm in Sheffield(Messrs. Proctor), then in Milk street. I well remember the workman--an oldman in my boyhood--who had been employed in making them, as he said, "inbasketsful;" and also his description of the _modus operandi_, which wascurious enough. They were of different sizes and prices, and their extremerarity at present, considering the number formerly in use, is only lesssurprising than the commonness of pocket-watches which have supersededthem. I never saw but one of these cheapest and most nearly forgottenhorologia, and which the old brass-turner, as I recollect, boasted of as"telling the time true to a quarter of an hour!"

D. 

 Sheffield, Jan. 2. 1851. 

_Cockade_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 7. ). --The Query of A. E. Has not yet beensatisfactorily answered; nor can I pretend to satisfy him. But as a smallcontribution to the history of the decoration in question, I beg to offerhim the following definition from the _Dictionnaire étymologique_ ofRoquefort, 8vo. , Paris, 1829:--

 "COCARDE, touffe de rubans que sous Louis XIII. On portoit sur le feutre, et qui imitoit la crête du coq. "

If this be correct, APODLIKTES (p. 42. ) must be mistaken in attributing sorecent an origin to the cockade as the date of the Hanoverian succession. The truth is, that from the earliest period of heraldic institutions, colours have been used to symbolise parties. The mode of wearing them mayhave varied; and whether wrought in silk, or more economically representedin the stamped leather cockade of our private soldier, is little to thepurpose. It will, however, hardly be contended that our present fashion atall resembles "la crête du coq. "

F. S. Q. 

"The ribband worn in the hat" was styled "a favour" previous to the ScotchCovenanters' nick-naming it a cockade. Allow me to correct APODLIKTES (p. 42. ): "The black _favour_ being the Hanoverian badge, the white _favour_that of the Stuarts. " The knots or bunches of ribbons given as favours atmarriages, &c. , were not invariably worn in the hat as a cockade is, but itwas sometimes (see Hudibras, Pt. I. Canto ii. Line 524. )

 "Wore in their hats like wedding garters. "

There is a note on this line in my edition, which is the same as J. B. COLMAN refers to for the note on the Frozen Horn (p. 91. ). 

BLOWEN. 

_Rudbeck's Atlantica--Grenville copy--Tomus I Sine Anno. _ 1675. 1679. (Vol. Iii. , p. 26. ). --Has any one of these three copies a separate leaf, entitled"Ad Bibliopegos?"--Not one of them. 

(Neither has the king's (George III. ) copy, nor the Sloane copy, both inthe Museum. )

Has the copy with the date 1679, "Testimonia" at the end?--The Testimoniaare placed after the Dedication, before the text (they are inlaid). Theyoccupy fifteen pages. 

Have they a separate _Title_ and a separate sheet of _Errata_?--Neither theone nor the other. 

Is there a duplicate copy of this separate Title at the end of thePreface?--No. 

(The copy with the date 1675 has at the end Testimonia filling eight pages, with a separate title, and a leaf containing three lines of Errata. )

Tomus II. 1689. --How many pages of {197} Testimonia are there at the end ofthe Preface?--Thirty-eight pages. 

(In George III. 's copy the Testimonia occupy forty-three pages. )

Is there in any one of these volumes the name of any former owner, any booknumber, or any other mark by which they can be recognised; for instance, that of the Duke de la Vallière?--No. Not in Mr. Grenville's, nor in GeorgeIII. 's, nor in the Sloane's; this last has not the Third Volume. 

HENRY FOSS. 

_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 11. ). --It is a traditionin a family with which I am connected, that Queen Elizabeth had a son, whowas sent over to Ireland, and placed under the care of the Earl of Ormonde. The Earl, it will be remembered, was distantly related to the Queen, hergreat-grandmother being the daughter of Thomas, the eighth Earl. 

Papers are said to exist in the family which prove the above statement. 

J. BS. 

_Private Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth. _--The curious little volume mentionedby MR. ROPER (Vol. Iii. , p. 45. ), is most probably the book alluded to byJ. E. C. , p. 23. I possess a copy of much later date (1767). It is worthyof note, that the narrative is headed _The Earl of Essex; or, the Amours ofQueen Elizabeth_; while the title-page states, _The secret History of themost Renown'd Q. Elizabeth and Earl of Essex_. 

I think it can scarcely be said to be _corroborative_ of the "scandal"contained in Mr. Ives's MS. Note, or that in Burton's _ParliamentaryDiary_, cited by P. T. , Vol. Ii. P. 393. Whitaker, in his _Vindication ofMary Q. Of Scots_, has displayed immense industry and research in hiscollection of charges against the private life of Elizabeth, but makes nomention of these reports. 

E. B. PRICE. 

_Bibliographical Queries_ (No. 39. ), _Monarchia Solipsorum_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 138. ). --Your correspondent asks, Can there be the smallest doubt that theveritable inventor of this satire upon the Jesuits was their formerassociate, Jules-Clement Scotti? Having paid considerable attention to thewritings of Scotti, Inchofer, and Scioppius, and to the evidence as to theauthorship of this work, I should, notwithstanding Niceron's authority, onwhich your correspondent seems to rely, venture to assert that the claimmade for Scotti, as well as that for Scioppius, may be at once put aside. No two authors ever more carefully protected their literary offspring, numerous as they were, by the catalogues and lists of them which theypublished or dispersed from time to time, than these two writers. In themevery tract is claimed, however short, which they had written. Scottipublished one in 1650, five years after the publication of the _MonarchiaSolipsorum_; and I have a letter of his, of the same period, containing alist of his writings. Scioppius left one, dated 1647, now in MS. In theLaurentian Library with his other MSS. , and which carefully mentions everytract he had written against the Jesuits. The _Monarchia Solipsorum_ doesnot appear in the lists of these two writers; and no good reason can beassigned why it should not, on the supposition of its being written byeither of them. If not in those which were published, it certainly wouldnot have been omitted in those communicated to their friends, not Jesuits, or which were found amongst their own MSS. Then, nothing can be moredistinct than the style of Scotti, of Scioppius, and that of the author, whoever he was, of the _Monarchia_. The much-vexed spirit of the bitterestof critics would have been still more indignant if one or two of thepassages in this work could ever, in his contemplation, have been imputedto his pen. 

It is in this case, as in most other similar ones, much easier to concludewho is not, than who is the author of the book in question. The internalevidence is very strong in favour of Inchofer. It was published with hisname in 1652, seven years only after the date of the first edition; and thewitnesses are many among his contemporaries, who speak positively to hisbeing the author. Further, there is no great dissimilarity in point ofstyle, and I have collected several parallel expressions occurring in the_Monarchia_ and Inchofer's other works, which very much strengthen theclaim made on his behalf, but which it is scarcely necessary to inserthere. In my opinion, he is the real author. The question might, I have nodoubt, be finally set at rest by an examination of his correspondence withLeo Allatius, which is, or was, at all events, in the Vatican. 

JAMES CROSSLEY. 

 Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851. 

_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 93. ). --It was one of the proofsagainst the Duke of Monmouth, that he had touched for the evil when in theWest; and I have seen a handbill describing the cures he effected. It wassold at Sir John St. Aubyn's sale of prints at Christie's some few yearssince. 

H. W. D. 

"_Talk not of Love_" (Vol. Iii. , pp. 7. 77. ). --In answering the Query ofA. M. Respecting this pleasing little song, your correspondents haveneglected to mention that the earliest copy of it, _i. E. _ that in Johnson's_Scots Musical Museum_, has _two_ additional stanzas. This is important, because, from No. 8. Of Burns's _Letters to Clarinda_, it appears that theconcluding lines were supplied by Burns himself to suit the music. Heremarks that--

 "The latter half of the first stanza would have been worthy of Sappho. I am in raptures with it. "

{198} Mrs. Mac Lehose (_Clarinda_) was living in 1840, in the eightiethyear of her age. 

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. 

_Did St. Paul's Clock strike Thirteen?_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 40. ). --Yes: but itwas not then at St. Paul's; for I think St. Paul's was then being rebuilt. The correspondent to the _Antiquarian Repertory_ says:

 "The first time I heard it (the circumstance) was at Windsor, before St. Paul's had a clock, when the soldier's plea was said to be that Tom of Westminster struck thirteen instead of twelve at the time when he ought to have been relieved. It is not long since a newspaper mentioned the death of one who said he was the man. "

About the beginning of the eighteenth century this bell was removed to St. Paul's, &c. --Can any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply thenewspaper notice above referred to. The above was written in 1775. Theclock tower in which the bell was originally (and must have been when thesentinel heard it) was removed in 1715. 

JOHN FRANCIS. 

 [The story is given in Walcott's _Memorials of Westminster_ as being thus recorded in _The Public Advertiser_ of Friday, 22nd June, 1770:--"Mr. John Hatfield, who died last Monday at his house in Glasshouse Yard, Aldersgate, aged 102 years, was a soldier in the reign of William and Mary, and the person who was tried and condemned by a Court Martial for falling asleep on his duty upon the terrace at Windsor. He absolutely denied the charge against him, and solemnly declared that he heard St. Paul's clock strike thirteen, the truth of which was much doubted by the court because of the great distance. But whilst he was under sentence of death, an affidavit was made by several persons that the clock actually did strike thirteen instead of twelve; whereupon he received his majesty's pardon. The above his friends caused to be engraved upon his plate, to satisfy the world of the truth of a story which has been much doubted, though he had often confirmed it to many gentlemen, and a few days before his death told it to several of his neighbours. He enjoyed his sight and memory to the day of his death. "]

_Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 113. ). --Among the benefits conferred by "NOTES AND QUERIES" upon theliterary world, is the information occasionally afforded, in whatlibraries, public and private, very rare books are deposited. MR. COLLIERexpresses his thanks to MR. LAING for sending to him a very rare volume byKyffin. Had I seen his "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers'Company, " I should have had much pleasure in furnishing him with extracts, from another copy in the Chetham Library, of the tract he has described. The Rev. T. Corser possesses the same author's _Blessedness of Britain_. His other works are enumerated by Watt, and should be transferred to aBibliotheca Cambrensis. 

T. J. 

_Metrical Psalms, &c. _ (Vol. Iii. , p. 119. ). --ARUN may find all theinformation he seeks by consulting a treatise of _Heylin's_ on the subjectof the metrical version of the Psalms, published by Dr. Rich. Watson, underthe title of _The Deduction_, 8vo. Lond. 1685. 

Together with this treatise, two letters from Bishop _Cosin_ to Watson arepublished; in the latter of which, towards the end, the following paragraphoccurs:--

 "The singing Psalms are not adjoined to our Bibles, or to our Liturgy, by any other authority than what the Company of Stationers for their own gain have procured, either by their own private ordinances among themselves, or by some order from the Privy Council in Queen Elizabeth's time. Authority of convocation, or of Parliament, such as our Liturgy had, never had they any: only the Queen, by her Letters Patent to the Stationers, gave leave to have them printed, and allowed them (did not command them) to be sung in churches or private houses by the people. When the Liturgy was set forth, and commanded to be used, these psalms were not half of them composed: no bishop ever inquired of their observance, nor did ever any judge at an assize deliver them in his charge: which both the one and other had been bound to do, if they had been set forth by the same authority which the Liturgy was. Besides you may observe, that they are never printed with the Liturgy or Bible, nor ever were; but only bound up, as the stationers please, together with it, " &c. 

J. SANSOM. 

_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 105. )--Molière hasavailed himself in the comedy of the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ very liberallyof the comedy of the _Clouds_. The lesson in grammar given to Monsr. Jourdain is nearly the same as that which Socrates gives to Strepsiades. 

W. B. D. 

 * * * * *

Miscellaneous. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. 

The last number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ contains a very importantpaper upon the limited accessibility of the State Paper Office to literaryinquirers, and the consequent injury to historical literature. But not onlyis the present system illiberal; it seems that it has been determined bythe Lords of the Treasury that the historical papers anterior to 1714 shallbe transferred from the State Paper Office to the new Record Office, whichis now rising rapidly on the Rolls Estate. Under present circumstances, this is a transfer from bad to worse. Our contemporary shows the absurdityand injustice to literature of such a determination in a very strikingmanner. We cannot follow him through his proofs, but are bound as the organof literary men to direct attention to the subject. It is most important toevery one who is interested--and who is not?--in the welfare of historicalliterature. {199}

The _Unpublished Manuscripts on Church Government_ by Archbishop Laud, stated to have been prepared for the education of Prince Henry, andsubsequently presented to Charles I. , which we mentioned in our sixty-ninthnumber, was sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, on the 24th ultimo, forTwenty Guineas. And here we may note that in the Collection of Autographssold by the same auctioneers on Friday last, among other valuable articleswas a Letter of Burke, dated 3rd Oct. 1793, from which we quote thefollowing passage, which will be read with interest at the present time, and furnishes some information respecting Cardinal Erskine--the subject ofa recent Query:--"I confess, I would, if the matter rested with me, enterinto much more distinct and avowed political connections with the Court ofRome than hitherto we have held. If we decline them, the bigotry will be onour part and not on that of his Holiness. Some mischief has happened, andmuch good has, I am convinced, been prevented by our unnatural alienation. 

. .. With regard to Monsignor Erskine, I am certain that all his designs areformed upon the most honourable and the most benevolent public principles. "One of the most interesting lots at the sale was a proclamation of the "OldPretender, " dated Rome, 23 Dec. 1743, given "under our Sign Manual andPrivy Seal, " the seal having the inscription "JACOBUS III. REX, " whichfetched Eleven Pounds. 

We believe there are few libraries in this country, however small, in whichthere is not to be found one shelf devoted to such pet books on NaturalHistory as White's _Selborne_, the _Journal of a Naturalist_, andWaterton's _Wanderings_. The writings of Mr. Knox are obviously destined totake their place in the same honoured spot. Actuated with the same love ofnature, and gifted with the same power of patient observation as White, hediffers from him in the wider range over which he extends his observation, and in combining the ardour of the sportsman with the scientific spirit ofinquiry which distinguishes the naturalist. In his _Game Birds and WildFowl: their Friends and their Foes_, which contains the result of hisobservations and experience, not only on the birds described in histitle-page, but on certain other animals supposed, oftentimes mosterroneously, to be injurious to their welfare and increase--we have a workwhich reflects the highest credit upon the writer, and can scarcely fail toaccomplish the great end for which Mr Knox wrote it, that of "adding newvotaries to a loving observation of nature. "

BOOKS RECEIVED. --_Desdemona, the Magnifico's Child_; the Fourth of Mrs. Cowden Clarke's Stories of _The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines_, isdevoted to the history of

 "a maid That paragons description and wild fame. "

_Gilbert's Popular Narrative of the Origin, History, Progress, andProspects Of the Great Industrial Exhibition of 1851, by Peter Berlyn_, --alittle volume apparently carefully compiled from authentic sources ofinformation upon the several points set forth in its ample title-page. 

 * * * * *

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. 

WILSON'S ORNAMENTS OF CHURCHES CONSIDERED. 

THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 

CELEBRATED TRIALS, 6 Vols. 8vo. , 1825. Vol 6. 

OSSIAN, 3 Vols. 12mo. Miller, 1805. Vol. 2. 

HOWITT'S RURAL LIFE OF ENGLAND. 12mo. 1838. Vol. 2. 

SHARON TURNER'S ANGLO-SAXONS. Last Edition. 

CHAMBERS'S SCOTTISH BIOGRAPHY, 4 Vols. 8vo. 

THE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or BEAUTIES OF BRITISH POETRY, Vol. 2. London, 1781. 

BURNET'S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. Folio. Vol. 3. 

PASSERI, ISTORIA DELLE PITTURE IN MAJOLICA. Pesaro, 1838; or any otherEdition. 

NAVAL CHRONICLE, any or all of the odd books of the first 12 Vols. 

*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to besent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES, " 186. Fleet Street. 

 * * * * *

Notices to Correspondents. 

_Although we have this week enlarged our paper to 24 pages, we arecompelled to solicit the indulgence of many correspondents for thepostponement of many interesting_ NOTES, QUERIES, _and_ REPLIES. 

C. H. P. _will find his query inserted. It was in type last week, but onlypostponed from want of room. We have omitted his comment called for by theomission of the words "fleet against the. "_

W. S. _The fine lines commencing, --_

 "My mind to me a kingdom is, Such perfect joy therein I find:"

_were written by Lovelace. _

F. B. RELTON. _The Satyr_ on the Jesuits _was written by John Oldham, andoriginally published in 1679. _

SALOPIAN. _The tragedy of_ The Earl of Warwick _or_ The King and Subject, _was translated from the French of De la Harpe by Paul Heffernan. _

CAM. _It appears from Brayley's_ Londiniana, iv. 5. _on the authority ofStrype's_ Stow. B. I. P. 287. , _that Sir Baptist Hicks, afterwards ViscountCampden, was the son of Robert Hicks, a silk mercer, who kept a shop inCheapside, at Soper's Lane End, at the White Bear. See also Cunningham's_Handbook of London, _Art. _ HICKS' HALL. 

O. P. _The lines--_

 "Had Cain been Scot, God would have chang'd his doom, Not forc't him wander, but confin'd him home. "

_are from Cleveland's_ Rebell Scott, _and would be found at p. 52 ofCleveland's Poems, ed. 1654. _

H. , _who asks whether any friend living in London would consult books forhim at the British Museum, and let him know the result, had better specifymore particularly what is the information he requires. _

RUSTICUS _will find the information he seeks in a Biographical Dictionaryunder the name_ Sarpi. 

L. J. _Blackstone_ (Book iv. Cap. 25. ; vol. Iv. P. 328. Ed 1778) _supposesthat pressing a mute prisoner to death was gradually introduced between 31Edw. III and 8 Hen. IV. As a species of mercy to the delinquent, bydelivering him sooner from his torment. _

REPLIES RECEIVED. _"Love's Labour's Lost"--Election of aPope--Umbrellas--Signs on Chemists' Bottles--Christmas Day--Four Events--ACoggeshall Job--Denarius Philosophorum--Days of the Week--Hugh Peters--Sun, stand thou still--Master John Shorne--Boiling to Death--Wages in the lastCentury--Crossing Rivers on Skins--Election of a Pope--Origin ofHarlequins--Thomas May--Prince of Wales' Motto--Ten Commandments--Tract onthe Eucharist. _

VOLS. I. _and_ II. , _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price9s. 6d. Each. _

NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers andNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our countrySubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring itregularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c. , are, probably, not yetaware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES ANDQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels. _

_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should beaddressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. {200}

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NEW BOOKS. 

JUST PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER, AND CO. 

I. 

THE STONES OF VENICE. Volume the First, THE FOUNDATIONS. By JOHN RUSKIN, Esq. , Author of "Seven Lamps of Architecture, " "Modern Painters, " &c. Imp. 8vo. With 21 Plates and numerous Woodcuts, 2l. 2s. In embossed cloth. 

II. 

MILITARY MEMOIRS OF LIEUT. -COL. JAMES SKINNER, C. B. , commanding a Corps ofIrregular Cavalry in the Hon. East India Company's Service. By J. BAILLIEFRASER, Esq. , 2 vols. Post 8vo. With Portraits, 21s. Cloth. 

III. 

THE BRITISH OFFICER; his Position, Duties, Emoluments, and Privileges. ByJ. H. STOCQUELER. 8vo. 15s. Cloth extra. 

IV. 

ROSE DOUGLAS; or, the Autobiography of a Minister's Daughter. 2 vols. Post8vo. 21s. Cloth. 

V. 

A TRIP TO MEXICO; or, Recollections of a Ten Months' Ramble in 1849-50. Bya BARRISTER. Post 8vo. 9s. Cloth. 

London: SMITH, ELDER, and CO. , 65. Cornhill. Edinburgh: OLIVER and BOYD. Dublin: J. M^CGLASHAN. 

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IN ANTICIPATION OF EASTER. 

THE SUBSCRIBER has prepared an ample supply of his well known and approvedSURPLICES, from 20s. To 50s. , and various devices in DAMASK COMMUNIONLINEN, well adapted for presentation to Churches. 

Illustrated priced Catalogues sent free to the Clergy, Architects, andChurchwardens by post, on application to

GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire. 

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Second Edition, now ready, price 3s. 6d. 

THE NUPTIALS OF BARCELONA. --A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish Tyranny. By R. N. DUNBAR. 

 "This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well calculated to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of the day. "--_Sunday Times. _

SAUNDERS & OTLEY, Publishers, Conduit Street. 

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Just published, foolscap 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. 

THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With Brief Accounts of theSaints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are mostfrequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medieval Symbols;and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. 

 "It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an archæological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of the legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why Churches in a given locality are named after this or that saint. "--_Preface. _

JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. 

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THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1851. Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a List of theFoundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together with anAccount of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them. Post 8vo. 4s. 

London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand. 

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Just published, imperial 4to. , price 10s. 6d. 

OUTLINE SKETCHES OF OLD BUILDINGS IN BRUGES. By E. S. COLE. 15 Plates. 

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 

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In a few days, royal 8vo. , cloth, price 10s. 

THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. Defined and Illustratedby EDMUND SHARPE, M. A. , Architect, M. I. B. A. An Elementary Work showing at asingle glance the different Changes through which our National Architecturepassed, from the Heptarchy to the Reformation. Twelve Steel Engravings andWoodcuts. 

Each Period, except the First, is illustrated by portions of the Interiorand the Exterior of one of our Cathedral Churches of corresponding date, beautifully engraved on Steel, so presented as to enable the Student todraw for himself a close comparison of the characteristic features whichdistinguish the Architecture of each of the SEVEN PERIODS, and which are ofso striking and simple a nature as to prevent the possibility of mistake. 

The First, or Saxon Period, contains so few buildings of interest orimportance, as to render its comparative illustration unnecessary, if notimpossible. 

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 

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Just ready, 8vo. , cloth, price 15s. 

A TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. Containing to Seven Places of Decimals, naturalNumbers, answering to all Logarithms from 0001 to 99999; and an improvedTable of Gauss's Logarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm to the sumor difference of Two Quantities where Logarithms are given: preceded by anIntroduction, containing also the History of Logarithms, theirConstruction, and the various Improvements made therein since theirinvention. By HERSCHELL E. FILIPOWSKI. Second edition, revised andcorrected. 

The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype plates ofthese tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s. , ) is enabled to offera corrected edition at the above reduced price. 

_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq. _

 "I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of Anti-Logarithms and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his proposed table of Annuities for three lives, constructed from the Carlisle Table. 

 "The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique among modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this being supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without qualification. 

 "The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of opinion. I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, as I have found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other tables, and particularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same kind, will recommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to the facility with which this table can be used: comparison with other forms, as to RELATIVE facility, being out of the question on so short a trial. 

 "On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to say anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well aware how much it is wanted. A. DE MORGAN. "

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 

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Choice Engravings, Drawings, and Paintings. 

PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL byAUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Picadilly, on THURSDAY next, March 13, and following day, a collection of choice engravings, mostly of the EnglishSchool, the property of a gentleman, comprising choice proofs of Woollett;a series of the works of Joshua Reynolds, all brilliant proofs; Müller'sMadonna di San Sisto, a very early proof; Charles II. By Farthorne, extrarare, a splendid proof; and many other choice proofs of the works ofEnglish and Foreign Artists. Catalogues will be sent on application. 

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This day is published, Part I. , 4to. , price 1s. 

ILLUSTRATIONS OF MEDIEVAL COSTUMES in England, collected from MSS. In theBritish Museum, Bibliothèque de Paris, &c. By T. A. DAY and J. B. DINES. Tobe completed in Six Monthly Parts. 

London: T. BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street. 

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. NewStreet Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; andpublished by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. FleetStreet aforesaid. --Saturday, March 8. 1851.