Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: theyare listed at the end of the text. 

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{69}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. 

"When found, make a note of. "--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. 

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No. 195. ]SATURDAY, JULY 23. 1853. . [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. 

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CONTENTS. 

 NOTES:-- Page William Blake 69 A Poem by Shelley, not in his Works 71 The Impossibilities of History 72 "Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat, " by T. J. Buckton 73 Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. Payne Collier, George Blink, &c. 73 "The Dance of Death, " by Weld Taylor 76

 MINOR NOTES:--Old Lines newly revived--Inscription near Cirencester--Wordsworth--"Magna est Veritas et prævalebit"--"Putting your foot into it" 76

 QUERIES:-- Fragments of MSS. , by Philip Hale 77 The Electric Telegraph, by W. Matthews 78

 MINOR QUERIES:--Sir Walter Raleigh--Ancient Fortifications: Hertstone, Pale, Brecost--Newton and Somers--Daventry, Duel at--Passage in Burial Service-- "They shot him on the nine-stane rig"--Wardhouse, and Fishermen's Custom there--"Adrian turn'd the bull"-- Cary's "Palæologia Chronica"--The Southwark Pudding Wonder--Roman Catholics confined in Fens of Ely--White Bell Heather transplanted--Green's "Secret Plot"-- "The full Moon brings fine Weather"--Nash the Artist-- Woodwork of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell-- "The Mitre and the Crown"--Military Music 78

 MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Stoven Church--The Statute of Kilkenny--Kenne of Kenne--Rents of Assize, &c. --Edifices of Ancient and Modern Times--Gorram-- "Rock of Ages" 80

 REPLIES:-- Remuneration of Authors 81 On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits 82 Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge 83

 PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Multiplication of Photographs--Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals 85

 REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Donnybrook Fair--Abigail-- Honorary Degrees--Red Hair--Historical Engraving-- Proverbs quoted by Suetonius--"Sat cito, si sat bene"-- Council of Laodicea, Canon 35. --Anna Lightfoot--Jack and Gill--Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle-- Gibbon's Library--St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca-- "Hip, Hip, Hurrah!"--Emblemata--Campvere, Privileges of-- Slang Expressions: "Just the cheese"--The Honorable Miss E. St. Leger--Queries from the Navorscher--"Pity is akin to Love" 86

 MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, &c. 89 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 90 Notices to Correspondents 90 Advertisements 90

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Notes. 

WILLIAM BLAKE. 

My antiquarian tendencies bring me acquainted with many neglected andobscure individuals connected with our earlier English literature, who, after "fretting their hour" upon life's stage, have passed away; leavingtheir names entombed upon the title-page of some unappreciated orcrotchetty book, only to be found upon the shelves of the curious. 

To look for these in Kippis, Chalmers, Gorton, or Rose would be a waste oftime; and although agreeing to some extent with the _Utilitarians_, that wehave all that was worth preserving of the _Antediluvians_, there is, Ithink, here and there a name worth resuscitating, possessing claims to a_niche_ in our "Antiquary's Newspaper;" and for that distinction, I wouldnow put in a plea on behalf of my present subject, William Blake. 

Although our author belongs to the _eccentric category_, he is a characternot only deserving of notice, but a model for imitation: the "_bee_ in hisbonnet" having set his sympathies in the healthy direction of a large_philanthropy_ for the spiritual and temporal interests of his fellow men. 

The congenial reader has already, I doubt not, anticipated that I am aboutto introduce that nondescript book bearing the running title--and it neverhad any other--of _Silver Drops, or Serious Things;_ purporting, in a kindof colophon, to be "written by William Blake, housekeeper to the Ladies'Charity School. "[1] The curious in old books knows too, that, apart fromits subject, the _Silver Drops_ of W. B. Has usually an attractiveexterior; most of the _exemplaires_ which have come under my notice beingsumptuously bound in old morocco, profusely tooled; with the name of theparty to whom it had apparently been presented, stamped in a compartmentupon the cover. Its value is farther enhanced by its pictorial andemblematical accompaniments. These are four in number: the firstrepresenting a heart, whereon {70} a fanciful picture of Charity supportedby angels; second, a view of Highgate Charity Schools (Dorchester House);third, Time with his scythe and hour-glass[2]; and the fourth, in threecompartments, the centre containing butterflies; the smaller at top andbottom, sententious allusions to the value of time--"Time drops pearlesfrom his golden wings, " &c. These are respectable engravings, but by whomexecuted I know not. After these, and before coming to the _Silver Drops_, which are perhaps something akin to Master Brooks' _Apples of Gold_, thebook begins abruptly: "The Ladies' Charity School-house Roll of Highgate, or a subscription of many noble well-disposed ladies for the easie carryingof it on. " "Being well informed, " runs the Prospectus, "that there is apious, good, commendable work for maintaining near forty poor or fatherlesschildren, born all at or near Highgate, Hornsey, or Hamsted: we, whosenames are subscribed, do engage or promise, that if the said boys aredecently cloathed in blew, lined with yellow; constantly fed all alike withgood and wholsom diet; taught to read, write, and cast accompts, and so putout to trades, in order to live another day; then we will give for oneyear, two or three (if we well like the design, and prudent management ofit, ) once a year, the sum below mentioned, " &c. The projector of this goodwork was the subject of my present note; and after thus introducing it, theworthy "woollen-draper, at the sign of the Golden Boy, Maiden Lane, CoventGarden, " for such he was, goes on to recommend and enforce its importancein a variety of cajolling addresses, or, as he calls them, "charity-schoolsticks, " to the great and wealthy; ostensibly the production of the boys, but in reality the concoctions of Mr. Blake, and in which he pleadsearnestly for his _hobby_. In _An Essay, or Humble Guess, how the NobleLadies may be inclined to give to and encourage their Charity-school atHighgate_, Mr. Blake farther humorously shows up the various dispositionsof his fair friends:--"And first, " says he, "my lady such-a-one cryed, Come, we will make one purse out of our family;" and "my lady such-an-onesaid she would give for the fancy of the Roll and charity stick. My ladysuch-an-one cryed by her troth she would give nothing at all, for she hadwaies enough for her money; while another would give five or six stone ofbeef every week. " Again, in trying to come at the great citizen-ladies, hemagnifies, in the following characteristic style, the city of London; and, by implication, their noble husbands and themselves:--"There is, " says Mr. Blake, "the Tower and the Monument; the old Change, Guild-Hall, andBlackwall-Hall, _which some would fain burn again_; there is Bow steeple, the _Holy Bible_, _the Silver Bells of Aaron_, _the godly-outed ministers_;the melodious musick of the Gospels; Smithfield martyrs yet alive; and thebest society, the very best in all the world for civility, loyalty, men, and manners; with the greatest cash, bulk, mass, and stock of all sorts ofsilks, cinnamon, spices, wine, gold, pearls, Spanish wooll and cloaths;with the river _Nilus_, and the stately ships of _Tarshish_ to carry in andout the great merchandizes of the world. " In this the city dames areattacked collectively. Individually, he would wheedle them thus into hischaritable plans:--"Now pray, dear madam, speak or write to my lady out ofhand, and tell her how it is with us; and if she will subscribe a good_gob_, and get the young ladies to do so too; and then put in altogetherwith your lordship's and Sir James's also: for it is necessary he or you inhis stead should do something, _now the great ship is come safe in, and bygiving some of the first-fruits of your great bay, or new plantation, toour school, the rest will be blessed the better_. " The scheme seems to haveoffered attractions to the Highgate gentry:--"The great ladies do allowtheir house-keeper, " he continues, "one bottle of wine, three of ale, halfa dozen of rolls, and two dishes of meat a-day; who is to see thewilderness, orchard, great prospects, walks, and gardens, all well kept androlled for their honours' families; and to give them small treats accordingto discretion when they please to take the air, which is undoubtedly thebest round London. " Notwithstanding the eloquent pleadings of Mr. Blake fortheir assistance and support, it is to be feared that the _noble ladies_allowed the predictions of his friends to be verified, and _did_ "suffersuch an inferiour meane and little person (to use his own phraseology) tosink under the burden of so good and great a work:" for we find that Gough, in allusion thereto, says (_Topographical Anecdotes_, vol. I. P. 644. ):--

 "This Hospital at Highgate, called the Ladies' Charity School, was erected by one W. Blake, a woollen-draper in Covent Garden; who having purchased Dorchester House, and having fooled away his estate in building, was thrown into prison. "

Even here, and under such circumstances, our subject was nothing daunted;for the same authority informs us, that, still full of his philanthropicprojects, he took the opportunity his leisure there admitted to writeanother work upon his favourite topic of educating and caring for the {71}poor; its title is, _The State and Case of a Design for the betterEducation of Thousands of Parish Children successively in the vast NorthernSuburbs of London vindicated, &c. _ Besides the above, there is anotherremarkable little piece which I have seen, beginning abruptly, "Herefolloweth a briefe exhortation which I gave in my owne house at my wife'sfunerall to our friends then present, " by Blake, with the MS. Date, 1650;and exhibits this original character in another not less amiable light:--"Iwas brought up, " says he, "by my parents to learne _Hail Mary_, paternoster, the Beliefe, and learne to reade; and where I served myapprenticeship little more was to be found. " He attributes it to God'sgrace that he fell a reading the _Practice of Piety_, by which means he gota little persuading of God's love to his soul:--"Well, my time being out, Iset up for myselfe; and seeking out for a wife, which, with long waitingand difficulty, much expence and charge, at last I got. Four children Godgave me by her; but he hath taken them and her all again too, who was awoman of a thousand. " Mr. B. Then naturally indulges in a panegyric uponthis pattern of wives, and reproaches himself for his former insensibilityto her surpassing merits: relating with great _naïveté_ some domesticpassages, with examples of her piety and trials, in one of which latter the_enemy_ would tempt her to suicide:--"There lie your garters, " said he;"but she threw them aside, and so escaped this will of the Devil. "

In conclusion, let me inquire if your Highgate correspondents are cognisantof any existing institution raised upon the foundation of William Blake'sCharity School at Dorchester House?

J. O. 

 [Our correspondent's interesting communication suggests a Query: Is there any biographical notice of William Blake; and was he the author of the following piece, preserved among the Kings' pamphlets in the British Museum? "The Condemned Man's Reprieve, or God's Love-Tokens, flowing in upon the heart of William Blake, a penitent sinner, giving him assurance of the pardon of his sins, and the enjoyment of eternal happiness through the merits of Christ his Saviour. Recommended by him (being a condemned prisoner for manslaughter within the statute) unto his sister, and bequeathed unto her as a legacy. " It is dated from "Exon Jayle, " June 25, 1653, and was published July 14, 1653. "--ED. ]

[Footnote 1: "Mr. Henry Cornish, merchant, " was a coadjutor of Blake's inthis charitable undertaking; and as that Alderman was not executed until1635, this publication may be assigned to about that date. ]

[Footnote 2: [It appears, from the following advertisement at the end of_Silver Drops_, that the plates of Time and Charity were used asreceipts:--"It is humbly desired, that what you or any of you, most nobleLadies, Gentlewomen, or others, are pleased to bestow or give towards thisgood or great design, that you would be pleased to take a receipt on thebackside of Time or Charity, sealed with three seales, namely, theTreasurer's, Housekeeper's, and Register's; and it shall be fairlyrecorded, and hung up in the school-house, to be read of all from Time toTime, to the world's end, we hope. "--ED. ]]

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A POEM BY SHELLEY, NOT IN HIS WORKS. 

The following poem was published in a South Carolina newspaper in the year1839. The person who communicates it states that it was among the papers ofa deceased friend, in a small packet, endorsed "A letter and two poemswritten by Shelley the poet, and lent to me by Mr. Trelawney in 1823. I wasprevented from returning them to him, for which I am sorry, since this isthe only copy of them--they have never been published. " Upon this poem waswritten, "Given to me by Shelley, who composed it as we were sailing oneevening together. "

UNEDA. 

Philadelphia. 

 "_The Calm. _

 "Hush! hark! the Triton calls From his hollow shell, And the sea is as smooth as a well; For the winds and the waves In wild order form, To rush to the halls And the crystal-roof'd caves Of the deep, deep ocean, To hold consultation About the next storm. 

 "The moon sits on the sky Like a swan sleeping On the stilly lake: No wild breath to break Her smooth _massy_ light And _ruffle_ it into _beams:_

 "The downy clouds droop Like moss upon a tree; And in the earth's bosom grope Dim vapours and streams. The darkness is weeping, Oh, most silently! Without audible sigh, All is noiseless and bright. 

 "Still 'tis living silence here, Such as fills not with fear. Ah, do you not hear A humming and purring All about and about? 'Tis from souls let out, From their day-prisons freed, And joying in release, For no slumber they need. 

 "Shining through this _veil of peace, _ Love now pours her omnipresence, And various nature Feels through every feature The joy intense, Yet so _passionless, _ Passionless and pure; The human mind restless Long could not endure. 

 "But hush while I tell, As the _shrill whispers flutter_ Through the pores of the sea, -- Whatever they utter I'll interpret to thee. King Neptune now craves Of his turbulent vassals Their workings to quell; And the billows are quiet, _Though thinking on riot. _ On the left and the right In ranks they are coil'd up, {72} Like snakes on the plain; And each one has roll'd up A bright flashing streak Of the white moonlight On his glassy green neck: On every one's forehead There glitters a star, With a hairy train Of light _floating from afar_, And pale or fiery red. Now old Eolus goes To each muttering blast, Scattering blows; And some he binds fast In hollow rocks vast, And others he gags With thick heavy foam. 'Twing them round The sharp rugged crags That are sticking out near, ' Growls he, 'for fear They all should rebel, And so play hell. ' Those that he bound, Their prison-walls grasp, And through the dark gloom Scream fierce and yell: While all the rest gasp, In rage fruitless and vain. Their shepherd now leaves them To howl and to roar-- Of his presence bereaves them, To feed some young breeze On the violet odour, And to teach it on shore To rock the green trees. But no more can be said Of what was transacted And what was enacted In the heaving abodes Of the great sea-gods. "

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THE IMPOSSIBILITIES OF HISTORY. 

In _The Tablet_ of June 18 is a leading article on the proposed erection ofBaron Marochetti's statue of Richard Coeur de Lion. Theology and historyare mixed: of course I shall carefully exclude the former. I have tried totrace the statements to their sources; and where I have failed, perhapssome of your readers may be able to help me. 

 "When the physicians told him that they could do nothing more for him, and when his confessor had done his duty faithfully and with all honesty, the stern old soldier commanded his attendants to take him off the bed, and lay him naked on the bare floor. When this was done, he then bade them take a discipline and scourge him with all their might. This was the last command of their royal master; and in this he was obeyed with more zeal than he found displayed when at the head of his troops in Palestine. "

I find no record that "the stern old soldier, " who was then forty-two yearsof age, and whom the writer oddly calls Richard II. , had any reason tocomplain of want of zeal in his troops. They fought well, and floggedwell--if they flogged at all. Richard died of gangrene in the shoulder; andI have the authority of an eminent physician for saying, that gangrene, sonear the vital parts, would produce such mental and bodily prostration, that it is highly improbable that the patient, unless in delirium, shouldgive such an order, and impossible that he should live through itsexecution. 

Hume and Lingard do not allude to the "discipline;" and the silence of thelatter is important. Henry says:

 "Having expressed great penitence for his vices, and having undergone a very severe discipline from the hands of the clergy, who attended him in his last moments, " &c. --Vol. Iii. P. 161. Ed. 1777. 

He cites Brompton, and there I find the penance given much stronger than in_The Tablet_:

 "Præcepitque pedes sibi ligari, et in altum suspendi nudumque corpus flagellis cædi et lacerari, donec ipse præciperat ut silerent. Cumque diu cæderetur, ex præcepto, ad modicum siluerunt. Et spiritu iterum reassumpto, hoc idem secundo ac tertio in abundantiâ sanguinis compleverunt. Tamdiu in se revertens, afferri viaticum sibi jussit et se velut proditorem et hostem, contra dominum suum ligatis pedibus fune trahi. "

This is taken from Brompton's Chronicle in _Decem Scriptores HistoriæAnglicanæ_, 1652, p. 1279. , edited by Selden. As Brompton lived in thereign of Edward III. , he is not a high authority upon any matter in that ofRichard I. I cannot find any other. Hoveden and Knyghton are silent. Is thefact stated elsewhere? Hoveden states, and the modern historians followhim, that after the king's death, Marchader seized the archer, flayed himalive, and then hanged him. My medical authority says, that no man could beflayed _alive_: and that the most skilful operator could not remove theskin of one arm from the elbow to the wrist, before the patient would diefrom the shock to his system. 

Mr. Riley, in a note on the passage in Hoveden, cites from the _WinchesterChronicle_ a possible account of Gurdum being tortured to death. Thehistorian of _The Tablet_, in the same article, says:

 "We are far from attributing absolute perfection to the son of Henry II. , one of that awful race popularly believed to be descended from the devil. When Henry, as a boy, practising Whiggery by revolting against his father, was presented to St. Bernard at the Court of the King of France, the saint looked at him with a sort of terror, and said, 'From the Devil you came, and to the Devil you will go. '"

The fact that Henry II. Rebelled against his father is not given in anyhistory which I have {73} read; and the popular belief in the remarkabledescent of Henry, and consequently of our present royal family, is quitenew to me, and to all of whom I have inquired. Still, finding that thewriter had an authority for the "discipline, " he may have one for theDevil. If so, I should like to know it; for I contemplate something afterthe example of Lucian's _Quomodo Historia sit conscribenda_. 

H. B. C. 

U. U. Club. 

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"QUEM DEUS VULT PERDERE PRIUS DEMENTAT. "

Having disposed of the allegation that the Greek Iambic, "[Greek: hon theos thelei apolesai prôt' apophrenai], "

was from Euripides, by denying the assertion, I am also, on fartherinvestigation, compelled to deny to him also the authorship of the citedpassage, --

 "[Greek: hotan de Daimôn andri porsunêi kaka, ton noun eblapse prôton]. "

Its first appearance is in Barnes, who quotes it from Athenagoras "sineauctoris nomine. " Carmeli includes it with others, to which he prefixes theobservation, --

 "A me piacque come al Barnesio di porle per disteso, ed a canto mettervi la traduzione in nostra favella, _senza entrare tratto tratto in quistioni_ inutili, _se alcuni versi appartengano a Tragedia di Euripide, o no_. "

There is, then, no positive evidence of this passage having ever beenattributed, by any competent scholar, to Euripides. Indirect proof that itcould not have been written by him is thus shown:--In the Antigone ofSophocles (v. 620. ) the chorus sings, according to Brunck, --

 "[Greek: Sophiai gar ek tou] [Greek: kleinon epos pephantai;] [Greek: To kakon dokein pot' esthlon] [Greek: tôid' emmen, hotôi phrenas] [Greek: theos agei pros atan;] [Greek: prassein d' oligoston chronon ektos atas]. "

 "For a splendid saying has been revealed by the wisdom of _some one_: That evil appears to be good to him whose mind God leads to destruction; _but that he (God) practises this a short time without destroying such a one_. "

Now, had Barnes referred to the scholiast on the Antigone, or remembered atthe time the above-cited passage, he would either not have omitted theconclusion of his distich, or he would at once have seen that a passagequoted as "[Greek: ek tou], _of some one_, " by Sophocles, seventeen yearsthe senior of Euripides, could not have been the original composition ofhis junior competitor. The conclusion of the distich is thus given by theold scholiast:

 "[Greek: hotan d' ho Daimôn andri porsunêi kaka, ] [Greek: ton noun eblapse prôton hôi BOULEUETAI]. "

The words "when he wills it" being left out by Barnes and Carmeli, butwhich correspond with the last line of the quotation from Sophocles. Theold scholiast introduces the exact quotation referred to by Sophocles as "acelebrated (notorious, [Greek: aoidimon]) and splendid saying, revealed bythe wisdom of _some one_, [Greek: meta sophias gar hupo tinos]. "

Indeed, the sentiment must have been as old as Paganism, wherein, whilstall _voluntary_ acts are attributed to the individual, all _involuntary_ones are ascribed to the Deity. Even _sneezing_ was so considered: hencethe phrase common in the lower circles in England, "Bless us, " and in ahigher grade in Germany, "Gott segne euch, " which form the usual chorus toa sneeze. 

The other scholiast, Triclinius, explains the passage of Sophocles bysaying, "The gods lead to error ([Greek: blabên]) him whom they intend tomake miserable ([Greek: dustuchein]): hence the application to Antigone, who considers death as sweet. "

T. J. BUCKTON. 

Lichfield. 

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SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. 

_A Passage in "The Taming of the Shrew. "_--Perhaps I mistake it, but MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY seems to me to write in a tone as if he fancied I shouldbe unwilling to answer his questions, whether public or private. Although Iam not personally acquainted with him, we have had some correspondence, andI must always feel that a man so zealous and intelligent is entitled to thebest reply I can afford. I can have no hesitation in informing him that, inpreparing what he terms my "monovolume Shakspeare, " I pursued this planthroughout; I adopted, as my foundation, the edition in eight volumesoctavo, which I completed in 1844; that was "formed from an entirely newcollation of the old editions, " and my object there was to give the mostaccurate representation of the text of the folios and quartos. Upon thatstock I engrafted the manuscript alterations in my folio 1632, in everycase in which it seemed to me possible that the old corrector might beright--in short, wherever two opinions could be entertained as to thereading: in this way my text in the "monovolume Shakspeare" was "regulatedby the old copies, and by the recently discovered folio of 1632. "

MR. INGLEBY will see that in the brief preface to the "monovolumeShakspeare, " I expressly say that "while a general similarity (to the folio1632) has been preserved, care has been taken _to rectify the admittedmistakes of the early impression_, and to introduce such alterations of acorrupt and imperfect text, as were warranted by better authorities. Thus, while the new readings of the old corrector of the folio 1632, considerablyexceeding a thousand, are duly inserted in the places {74} to which theybelong, the old readings, which, during the last century and a half, haverecommended themselves for adoption, and have been derived from acomparison of ancient printed editions, have also been incorporated. " I donot know how I could have expressed myself with greater clearness; and itwas merely for the sake of distinctness that I referred to the result of myown labours in 1842, 1843, and 1844, during which years my eight volumesoctavo were proceeding through the press. Those labours, it will be seen, essentially contributed to lighten my task in preparing the "monovolumeShakspeare. "

My answer respecting the passage in _The Taming of the Shrew_, referred toby MR. INGLEBY, will, I trust, be equally satisfactory; it shall be equallyplain. 

I inserted _ambler_, because it is the word substituted in manuscript inthe margin of my folio 1632. I adopted _mercatantè_, as proposed bySteevens, not only because it is the true Italian word, but because itexactly fits the place in the verse, _mercatant_ (the word in the folios)being a syllable short of the required number. In the very copy of Florio's_Italian Dictionary_, which I bought of Rodd at the time when I purchasedmy folio 1632, I find _mercatantè_ translated by the word "marchant, ""marter, " and "trader, " exactly the sense required. Then, as to "surely"instead of _surly_, I venture to think that "surely" is the true reading:

 "In gait and countenance surely like a father. "

"Surely like a father" is certainly like a father; and although a man maybe _surly_ in his "countenance, " I do not well see how he could be _surly_in his "gait;" besides, what had occurred to make the pedant _surly_? Thisappears to me the best reason for rejecting _surly_ in favour of "surely;"but I have another, which can hardly be refused to an editor who professesto follow the old copies, where they are not contradicted. I allude to thefolio 1628, where the line stands precisely thus:

 "In gate and countenance surely like a Father. "

The folio 1632 misprinted "surely" _surly_, as, in _Julius Cæsar_, Act I. Sc. 3. , it committed the opposite blunder, by misprinting "surly" _surely_. Another piece of evidence, to prove that "surely" was the poet's word in_The Taming of the Shrew_, has comparatively recently fallen in my way; Idid not know of its existence in 1844, or it would have been ofconsiderable use to me. It is a _unique_ quarto of the play, which came outsome years before the folio 1623, and is not to be confounded with thequarto of _The Taming of the Shrew_, with the date of 1631 on thetitle-page. This new authority has the line exactly as it is given in thefolio 1623, which, in truth, was printed from it. It is now before me. 

J. PAYNE COLLIER. 

July 10. 

_Critical Digest of various Readings in the Works of Shakspeare. _--There ismuch activity in the literary world just now about the text of Shakspeare:but one most essential work, in reference to that text, still remains to beperformed, --I mean, the publication of a complete digest of _all_ thevarious readings, in a concise shape, such as those which we possess inrelation to the MSS. And other editions of nearly every classical author. 

At present, all editions of Shakspeare which claim to be consideredcritical, contain much loose information on readings, mixed up with notes(frequently very diffuse) on miscellaneous topics. This is not in the leastwhat we require: we need a regular _digest_ of readings, wholly distinctfrom long debates about their value. 

What I mean will be plain to any one who is familiar with any good criticaledition of the Greek New Testament, or with such books as Gaisford's_Herodotus_, the Berlin _Aristotle_, the Zurich _Plato_, and the like. Weought to have, first, a good text of Shakspeare: such as may represent, asfairly as possible, the real results of the labours of the soundestcritics; and, secondly, page by page, at the foot of that text, thefollowing particulars:

I. All the readings of the folios, which should be cited as A, B, C, and D. 

II. All the readings of the quartos, which might be cited separately ineach play that possesses them, either as a, b, c, d; or as 1, 2, 3, and 4. 

III. A succinct summary of all the respectable criticisms, in the way ofconjecture, on the text. This is especially needed. The recent volumes ofMessrs. Collier, Singer, and Dyce, show that even editors of Shakspearescarcely know the history of all the emendations. Let their precise_pedigree_ be in the last case recorded with the most absolute brevity;simply the _suggestion_, and the names of its proposers and adopters. 

IV. To simplify this last point, a new siglation might be introduced todenote the various critical editions. 

Such a publication should be kept distinct from any commentary; especiallyfrom one laid out in the broad flat style of modern editors. Mr. Collier'svolume of _Emendations_, &c. , for instance, need not have occupied half itspresent space, if he had first denoted his MS. Corrector by some shortsymbol, instead of by a lengthy phrase; and, secondly, introduced hissuggestions by some such formularies as those employed in classicalcriticisms, instead of toiling laboriously after variations in his style ofexpression, till we are wearied by the real iteration which lies under theseeming diversity. 

There should be none of this _phrasework_ in the digest which I recommend. If indeed it were found absolutely necessary to connect it with acommentary, then arrange the two portions of the {75} apparatus as inArnold's edition of _Thucydides_: the _variæ lectiones_ in the middle ofthe page, and the comment in a different type below it. But I repeat, itwould be better still to give us the digest _without_ the comment. Allwould go into one large volume. And it cannot be doubted that such avolume, if thoroughly well done, would furnish at once a sort of _textusreceptus_, and a critical basis, from which future editors might commencetheir labours. It would also be an indispensable book of reference to allwho treat of, or are interested in, the poet's text. Such, I say, would beits certain prospects if the editor were at once an accurate, painstakingscholar, and a man of true poetical feeling. The labour would be great, butso would be the reward. It is only what the ablest scholars have proudlyundertaken for the classics, even in the face of toils far more severe. Would that Mr. Dyce could be roused to attempt it!

B. 

 [Some such edition as that alluded to by our correspondent has been long desired and contemplated. A proposal in connexion with it has been afloat for some time past, and we had hoped would have been publicly made in our pages before now. There are difficulties in the way which do not exist in the parallel instances from classical literature, and which do not seem to have occurred to our correspondent; but the project is in good hands, and we hope will soon be brought to bear. --ED. ]

_Emendations of Shakspeare. _--I am sadly afraid, what with one annotatorand another, that we, in a very little time, shall have Shakspeare somodernised and weeded of his peculiarities, that he will become a verysecond-rate sort of a person indeed; for I now see with no little alarm, that one of his most delightful quaintnesses is to give way to the march ofrefinement, and be altogether ruined. Hazlitt, one the most original andtalented of critics, has somewhere said, that there was not in any passageof Shakspeare any single word that could be changed to one moreappropriate, and as an instance he gives a passage from _Macbeth_, whichcertainly is one of the most perfect and beautiful to be found in the wholeof his works:

 "This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses. This guest of summer, The temple-haunting martlet, does approve By his loved mansionry, that the heaven's breath Smells wooingly here: no jutty, frieze, buttress, Nor coin of vantage, but this bird hath made His pendent bed, and procreant cradle: where they Most breed and haunt, I have observed, the air Is delicate. "

There are some who differ from Hazlitt in the present day, and assert thatthere is an error in the press in Dogberry's reproof of Borachio forcalling him an "ass. " The passage as it stands is as follows:

 "I am a wise fellow; and which is more, an officer, and which is more, a _householder_, and which is more, as pretty a piece of flesh as any is in Messina, and one that knows the law, go to; and a rich fellow enough, go to; and a fellow that hath had _losses_, and one that hath two gowns, and everything handsome about him. "

His having had losses evidently meaning, though he was then poor, that hiscircumstances were at one time so prosperous, that he could afford to_bear_ losses; and he, even then, had a superfluity of wardrobe in "twogowns, and everything handsome about him. " But this little word _losses_, the perfect Shakspearian quaintness of which is universally acknowledged, is to be changed into _leases_; if it should be _leases_, how is it that itdoes not follow upon "householder, " instead of being introduced so manywords after? as, if _leases_ were the proper word, it would assuredly havesuggested itself immediately as an additional item to his respectability asa householder: for a moment only fancy similar corrections to be introducedin others of Shakspeare's plays, and Falstaff be made to exclaim at therobbery at Gad's Hill, "Down with them, they dislike us old men, " insteadof "they hate us youth;" for Falstaff was no boy at the time, and thismight be advanced as an authority for the emendation. But seriously, ifthis alteration is sent forth as a specimen of the improvements about to beeffected in Shakspeare, from an edition of his plays lately discovered, Ishall, for one, deeply regret that it was ever rescued front its oblivion;for with my prejudices and prepossessions against interpolations, and infavour of old readings, I shall find it no easy matter to reconcile my mindto the new. Strip history of its romance, and you deprive it of itsprincipal charm; the scenery of a play-house imposes upon us an illusion, and though we know it to be so, it is not essential that the impressionshould be removed. I remember once travelling at night in Norfolk, and apart of my way was through a wood, at the end of which I came upon a lakelit up by a magnificent moon. I subsequently went the same road by day: thewood, I then found, was a mere belt of trees, and the lake had dwindled toa duck-pond. I have ever since wished that the first impression hadremained unchanged; but this is a digression. There is no author souniversal as Shakspeare, and would that be the case if he was notthoroughly understood? He is appreciated alike in the closet and on thestage, quoted by saints and sages, in the pulpit and the senate, and yournostrum-monger advertises his wares with a quotation from his pages; doeshe then require interpreting who is his own interpreter? Johnson says ofhim that--

 "Panting Time toil'd after him in vain. "

{76} And that he--

 "Exhausted worlds and then imagined new. "

There is no passion that he has not pourtrayed, and laid bare in its beautyor deformity; no feeling or affection to which his genius has not given thestamp of immortality: and does he want an interpreter? It is treading ondangerous ground to attempt to improve him. Even MR. KNIGHT, enthusiast ashe is in his veneration for Shakspeare, and who, by his noble editions ofthe poet's works, has won the admiration and secured the gratitude of everylover of the poet, has gone too far in his emendations when he changes aline in _Romeo and Juliet_ from

 "Hence will I to my ghostly father's cell. "

to

 "Hence will I to my ghostly friar's close cell. "

As in the latter case the line will not scan unless the word "friar" bereduced to a monosyllable, which, on reflection, I think MR. KNIGHT will beinclined to admit. But my paper is, I fear, extending to a limit beyondwhich you have occasionally warned your correspondents not to go, and Imust therefore draw my remarks to a close, with a hope that not any offencewill be taken where none is intended by those to whom any of myobservations may apply. 

GEORGE BLINK. 

Canonbury. 

 * * * * *

"THE DANCE OF DEATH. "

Amongst the numerous emblematic works, it has often appeared to me that theabove work should be republished entire; to give any part of it would bespoiling a most admirable series. I should desire to see it executed not asa fac-simile, but improved by good modern artists. The history of "TheDance of Death" is too long and too obscure to enter upon here; but fromthe general tenor of the accounts and criticisms of the work, it does notappear to have originated at all with Hans Holbein, or even his father, whoalso really painted it at Basil, in Switzerland, but to have had its originin more remote times, as quoted in several authors, that ancientlymonasteries usually had a painted representation of a Death's Dance uponthe walls. It is a subject, therefore, open to any artist, nor could it besaid he had pirated anything if he treated the subject after his ownfashion. "The Dance of Death" begins of course with king, the queen, thebishop, the lawyer, the lovers, &c. , and ends with the child, whom Death isleading away from the weeping mother. The original plates of Hollar, fromHolbein's drawings, are possibly still extant, but they are by no meansperfect, although admirable in expression. The deaths or skeletons are veryill-drawn as to the anatomical structure, and were they better the workwould be excellent. The Death lugging off the fat abbot is inimitable; andthe gallant way he escorts the lady abbess out the convent door is verygood. I have the engravings by Hollar, and have made some of the designsafresh, intending to lithograph them at some future day; but there beingthirty subjects in all, the work would be a difficult task. Mr. J. B. Yatesmight, indeed, with his excellent collection of Emblemata, revive this oldand beautiful taste now in abeyance: it is now rarely practised by ourpainters. There is, however, a very fine picture in the Royal AcademyExhibition, by Mr. Goodall, which is, strictly speaking, an emblem, thoughthe artist calls it an historical episode. Now it appears to me an episodecannot be reduced into a representation; it might embrace a completepicture in writing, but as I read the picture it is an emblem, and wouldhave been still more perfect had the painter treated it accordingly. Theold man at the helm of the barge might well represent Strafford, because, though he holds the tiller, he is not engaged in steering right, his eyesare not directed to his port. Charles himself, rightly enough, has his backto the port, and is truly not engaged in manly affairs, nor attending tohis duty; but the sentiment of frivolity here painted cannot, I should say, attach itself to him, for he is not to be reproached with idling away histime with women and children, as this more strictly must be laid to hisson. But the port where some grim-looking men are seriously waiting forhim, completes a very happy and poetical idea, but incomplete as an emblem, which it really is; and were the emblematic rules more cultivated, it wouldhave told its story much better. 

At present, the taste of the day lies in more direct caricature, and ourvolatile friend _Punch_ does the needful in his wicked sallies of wit, andhis fertile pencil. His sharp rubs are perhaps more effective to JohnBull's temper, who can take a blow with Punch's truncheon and bear nomalice after it, --the heavy lectures of the ancients are not so well suitedto his constitution. 

WELD TAYLOR. 

Bayswater. 

 * * * * *

Minor Notes. 

_Old Lines newly revived. _--The old lines of spondees and dactyls are justnow applicable:--

 C[=o]nt[=u]rb[=a]b[=a]nt[=u]r C[=o]nst[=a]nt[=i]n[=o]p[)o]l[)i]t[=a]n[=i] Inn[)u]m[)e]r[=a]b[)i]l[)i]b[=u]s s[=o]l[)i]c[)i]t[=u]d[)i]n[)i]b[=u]s. "

W. COLLYNS. 

Harlow. 

_Inscription near Cirencester. _--In Earl Bathurst's park, near Cirencester, stands a building--the resort in the summer months of occasional pic-nicparties. During one of these visits, at which I {77} was present, I copiedan inscription, painted in old characters on a board, and nailed to one ofthe walls, and as the whole thing had not the appearance of belonging tomodern times, and, as far as I could decipher it, it referred to someagreement between Alfred and some of his neighbouring brother kings, concerning boundaries of territory, I send it to you for insertion. 

A. SMITH. 

 [cross] "FOEDVS . QUOD . ÆLFREDVS . ET . LVTHRVNVS . REGES . OMNES . ANGLIAM . INTOLEBANT . ORIENTALEM . FERIERVNT . ET . NON . SOLVM . DE . SEIPSIS . VERVM . ETIAM . DE . NATIS . SVIS . AC . NONDVM . IN . LVCEM . EDITIS . QVOTQVOT . MISERICORDIÆ . DIVINÆ . AVT . REGIÆ . VELVNT . ESSE . PARTICIPES . JVREJVRANDO . SANXERVNT. " [cross]

 [cross] "PRIMO . DITIONIS . NOSTRÆ . FINES . TAMESIN . EVEHVNTOR . INDE . LEAM . VSQVE . FONTEM . EJVS . TAM . RECTA . AD . BEDFORDIAM . AC . DENIQVE . PER . VSAM . AD . VIAM . VETE . LINTIANAM. "

_Wordsworth. _--In Wordsworth's touching "Lament of Mary Queen of Scots, "one of the stanzas opens with:

 "_Born all too high; by wedlock rais'd_ _Still higher_, to be brought thus low!"

Is it straining a point to suppose that the author has here translated theopening words of the well-known epitaph on the Empress Matilda, mother ofour Henry II. ?

 "_Ortu magna; viro major_; sed maxima prole; Hic jacet Henrici filia, sponsa, parens. "

A. W. 

Sunningdale. 

"_Magna est Veritas et prævalebit. _"--I was asked the other day whence camethis hackneyed quotation. It is taken from the uncanonical Scriptures, 3Esdras iv. 41. :

 "Et desiit loquendo: Et omnes populi clamaverunt, et dixerunt: Magna est veritas, et _prævalet_. "

T. H. DE H. 

"_Putting your Foot into it. _"--The legitimate origin of this term I haveseen thus explained. Perhaps it may pass as correct until a better befound. According to the _Asiatic Researches_, a very curious mode of tryingthe title to land is practised in Hindostan. Two holes are dug in thedisputed spot, in each of which the lawyers on either side put one of theirlegs, and remain there until one of them is tired, or complains of beingstung by insects, in which case his client is defeated. An American writerhas remarked that in the United States it is generally the _client_, andnot the _lawyer_, "who puts his foot in it. "

W. W. 

Malta. 

 * * * * *

Queries. 

FRAGMENTS OF MSS. 

Dr. Maitland, in his valuable volume on the "Dark Ages, " has the followingremarks on a subject which I think has not met with the attention itdeserves:

 "Those who are in the habit of looking at such things, know how commonly early printed books, whose binding has undergone the analytical operation of damp, or mere old age, disclose the under end pieces of beautiful and ancient manuscript. They know how freely parchment was used for backs and bands, and fly-leaves, and even for covers. The thing is so common, that those who are accustomed to see old books _have ceased to notice it_. "

In order to come within the design of your pages, I must put this in theshape of a Query, and ask, if it is not a pity that this fact has _ceasedto be noticed_? We do not know what treasures may be contained in theshabby covers which we contemplate getting rid of. "There are thousands"(of MSS. ), says the same writer, "equally destroyed, --thousands of murderedwretches not so completely annihilated: their ghosts do walk the earth;they glide unseen into our libraries, our studies, our very hands; they areall about and around us. We even take them up and lay them down, withoutknowing of their existence; unless time and damp (as if to punish and mockus for robbing them of their prey) have loosed their bonds, and set them toconfront us. "

Archbishop Tenison had not "ceased to notice it. " He very diligentlyrescued these "fragments" from the hands of his bookbinder and it is to beregretted that he did not take equal precaution in preserving them. Recently, all that I could collect have been cleaned, inlaid, and arrangedchronologically, making two interesting and valuable volumes. 

How far would it be desirable to unite for the purpose of collecting MS. Fragments, and early printed leaves?

Might not a Society, which should have for its especial object the_discovery_, cataloguing, and circulating information about these straybits, be of great service? _E. G. _ I have before me five volumes ofJustinian's _Codices_ and _Digesta_, Paris, 1526; the covers of which aremade of MS. Thirteen leaves go to make one board. They are written on bothsides and thus an easy multiplication gives us 260 pages of MS. , or earlyprinting, in the covers of one work!

It is not unlikely that, if the results of research in this direction werecarefully registered, many perfect pieces might be recovered. 

PHILIP HALE. 

Archbishop Tenison's Library, St. Martin-in-the-Fields. 

 * * * * *

{78}

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. 

I have just met with a passage in the _Pseudodoxia Epidemica_ of Sir ThomasBrowne, wherein this invention is foreshadowed in terms more remarkable andsignificant, if less imaginative and beautiful, than that from _TheSpectator_, to which public attention has already been directed, and which, I conceive, must unquestionably have been written, with this particularexample of the "received tenets and commonly presumed truths" of thelearned physician's day, distinctly present to the mind of Addison. Thepassage referred to is as follows:

 "There is another conceit of better notice, and _whispered thorow the world_ with some attention; credulous and vulgar auditors readily believing it, and more judicious and distinctive heads not altogether rejecting it. The conceit is excellent, and, if the effect would follow, somewhat divine: whereby we might communicate like spirits, and confer on earth with Menippus in the moon. And this is pretended from the sympathy of two needles touched with the same loadstone, and placed in the centre of two abecedary circles, or rings with letters described round about them, one friend keeping one, and another the other, and agreeing upon the hour wherein they will communicate. For then, _saith tradition_, at what distance of place soever, when one needle shall be removed unto any letter, the other, by a wonderful sympathy, will move unto the same. "--Book II. Chap. Ii, 4to. , 1669, p. 77. 

Thus it is that "coming events cast their shadows before:" and, in thepresent case, one is curious to learn how far back the _shadow_ may betraced. By whom has this _conceit_ been _whispered thorow the world_? andin what musty tomes is that _tradition_ concealed, which speaks concerningit? Kircher's _Catena Magnetica_ might haply tell us something in reply tothese inquiries. 

In conformity with an often repeated suggestion to the correspondents of"N. & Q. , " to the simple signature of my _habitat_, alone hitherto adoptedby me, I now subjoin my name. 

WM. MATTHEWS. 

Cowgill. 

 * * * * *

Minor Queries. 

_Sir Walter Raleigh. _--In the discussions on the copyright question someyears ago, Sir Walter Raleigh was mentioned as one of the authors whoseposterity is totally extinct; but in his Life, as given in _Lodge'sPortraits_, his descendants are given as far down as hisgreat-grandchildren, of whom many were still living in 1699, at whichperiod, says Mr. Lodge, my information ceases. It seems unlikely that afamily then so numerous should have utterly perished since, both in itsmale and female branches; and perhaps some of your correspondents may beable to trace their subsequent history: the _name_ is certainly notextinct, whether its bearers be his descendants or not. 

Is the gallant Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert descended from one of SirWalter's half-brothers?

J. S. WARDEN. 

_Ancient Fortifications: Hertstone, Pale, Brecost. _--In the Clause Rolls, 16 John, M. 6. (_Public Records_, vol. I. P. 192. ) is a warrant of KingJohn's, addressed to the bailiffs of Peter de Maulay of Doncaster, asfollows:

 "Mandam' vob' q[=d] villa de Danecast[=r] claudi faciatis heritone et palo sc[=d]m q[=d] fossatu f[=cm] exigit, et una leve bretasca fi faciatis su[p=] ponte ad villa defendenda. "

Which, in Miller's History of that town (p. 40. ), is thus translated:

 "We command ye, cause the town of Doncaster to be inclosed with _hertstone_ and _pale_, according as the ditch that is made doth require; and that ye make a light _brecost_ or barbican upon the bridge, to defend the town. "

I shall be obliged by being informed if _hertstone_ is the correcttranslation of the word "heritone, " and, if so, what species offortification it was. _Pale_ is probably a defence composed of high woodenstakes. _Brecost_ is questionable, I imagine, and should most likely bespelt _bretesk_ or _bretex_. I shall be glad, however, of explanations ofthe words. 

C. J. 

_Newton and Somers. _--It has been said that there is a complimentaryallusion to Somers in Newton's writings. Where?

M. 

_Daventry, Duel at. _--

 "Veni Daintreo cum puella, Procerum celebre duello. "

 "Thence to Daintree with my jewel, Famous for a noble duel. "--_Drunken Barnaby's Journal. _

Can any Northamptonshire reader of "N. & Q. " say between whom, and when, this duel took place?

J. H. L. 

_Passage in Burial Service. _--Whence comes the expression in the BurialService, "In the midst of life we are in death. " I have observed that Mr. Palmer, in his _Origines Liturgicæ_, refers for a parallel passage toancient liturgies, but, if I mistake not, to none but those used inEngland. The passage is very scriptural: but I do not believe it exists inthe Bible. 

J. G. T. 

"_They shot him on the nine-stane rig. _"--Where is the ballad beginningwith the words--

 "They shot him on the nine-stane rig, Beside the headless cross. "

to be found? Who is the author?

BORDERER. 

_Wardhouse, and Fishermen's Custom there. _--In a MS. Local history, writtenin 1619, there is this {79} passage: "They bought herrings during theseason, and then departed, _as those fishermen which kill fish at Wardhousedo use to do at present_. "

Where was Wardhouse, and what was the custom there?

C. J. P. 

Great Yarmouth. 

"_Adrian turn'd the bull. _"--In an old MS. In my possession, the followingverse occurs:--

 "Of whate'er else your head be full, Remember Adrian turn'd the bull; 'Tis time that you should turn the chase, Kick out the knave and take the place. "

Would any of the correspondents of "N. & Q. " be so good as to explain to methe reference in the second line of the verse?

G. M. 

_Cary's "Palæologia Chronica. _"--I have an old book entitled:

 "Palæologia Chronica; a Chronological Account of Ancient Time. Performed by Robert Cary, D. LL. , Devon. London: printed by J. Darby, for Richard Chiswell, at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church Yard, 1677. "

and shall be glad to be informed whether the author was any relation of Dr. Valentine Carey, who was consecrated bishop of Exeter in 1620, and died in1626. (See Walton's _Life of Dr. Donne_. )

CHRIS. ROBERTS. 

Bradford, Yorkshire. 

_The Southwark Pudding Wonder. _--I have been very much pleased with theperusal of a collection of MS. Letters, written by the celebrated antiquaryWilliam Stukeley to Maurice Johnson, Esq. , the founder of the Gentlemen'sSociety at Spalding. These letters have not been published; the MSS. Existin the library of the Spalding Society. They contain much interestingmatter, and furnish many traits of the manners, character, and modes ofthinking and acting of their respected author. 

Can any of your readers explain the meaning of the following passage, whichis found in a letter dated 19th June, 1718: "_The Southwark Pudding wonderis over?_"

In the same letter the Dr. Alludes to a contested election for the officeof Chamberlain of the City of London, which took place in 1718:

 "The city is all in an uproar about the election of a chamberlain, like a country corporation for burgesses, where roast pig and beef and wine are dealt about freely at taverns, and advertisements about it more voluminous than the late celebrated Bangorean Notification, though not in a calm and undisturbed way. "

PISHEY THOMPSON. 

Stoke Newington. 

_Roman Catholics confined in Fens of Ely. _--Mr. Dickens, in _HouseholdWords_, No. 169. P. 382. , in the continuation of a "Child's History ofEngland, " says, when alluding to the threatened invasion of England by theSpanish Armada:

 "Some of the Queen's advisers were for seizing the principal English Catholics, and putting them to death; but the queen--who, to her honour, used to say that she would never believe any ill of her subjects, which a parent would not believe of her own children--neglected the advice, and only confined a few of those who were the most suspected among them, in the fens of Lincolnshire. "

Mr. Dickens had, of course, as he supposed, good authority for making thisstatement; but, in reply to a private communication, he states it shouldhave been _Fens of Ely_. I am, perhaps convicting myself of gross ignoranceby seeking for information respecting it; nevertheless, I venture to askthe readers of at "N. & Q. " for a reference to the authentic history, wherea corroboration of Mr. Dickens' statement is to be found?

PISHEY THOMPSON. 

Stoke Newington. 

_White Bell Heather transplanted. _--Is it generally known that _white bell_heather becomes _pink_ on being transplanted from its native hills into agarden? Two plants were shown to me a few days ago, by a country neighbour, flowering pink, which were transplanted, the one three, and the other two, years ago; the former had white bells for two years, the latter for oneyear only. What I wish to know is, Whether these are exceptional cases ornot?

W. C. 

Argyleshire. 

_Green's "Secret Plot. "_--Can you inform me where the scene of thefollowing drama is laid, and the names of the _dramatis personæ_? _TheSecret Plot_; a tragedy by Rupert Green, 12mo. , 1777. The author of thisplay, which was published when he was only in his ninth year, was the sonof Mr. Valentine Green, who wrote a history of Worcester. 

A. Z. 

"_The full Moon brings fine Weather. _"--When did this saying originate, andhave we any proof of its correctness? The late Duke of Wellington isreported to have said, that, as regarded the weather, it was "nonsense tohave any faith in the moon. " (Vide Larpent's _Private Journal_, vol. Ii. P. 283. )

W. W. 

Malta. 

_Nash the Artist. _--In the year 1802, Mr. F. Nash made a water-colourdrawing of the Town Hall, churches, &c. , in the High Street of the ancientborough of Dorchester; a line engraving (now rather scarce) was shortlyafterwards published therefrom by Mr. J. Frampton, then a bookseller in thetown. Can any reader of the {80} "N. & Q. " inform me what Mr. Nash thiswas, and what became of him? Was he related to the _Castles and Abbeys_Nash?

JOHN GARLAND. 

Dorchester. 

_Woodwork of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell. _--The CambridgeArchitectural Society, which is now attempting the restoration of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell, will feel deeply indebted to any of yourreaders who can give them any information respecting the carved woodworkremoved from that church some forty years ago, to make way for the presenthideous arrangement of pews and pulpit. A man who lives on the spot speaksof a fine wood screen, and highly decorated pulpit, some portions of whichwere sold by auction; and the rest was in his possession for some time, andportions of it were given away by him to all who applied for it. 

THE TREASURER. 

Trin. Coll. Camb. 

"_The Mitre and the Crown. _"--I find the following work, at first publishedanonymously, reprinted as Dr. Atterbury's in Sir Walter Scott's edition ofthe _Somers' Tracts_. No reason is assigned by the editor for ascribing itto him, and I should be glad to know whether there is any satisfactoryevidence for doing so. The original tract appears as anonymous the BodleianCatalogue:

 "The Mitre and the Crown, or a real Distinction between them: in a Letter to a Reverend Member of the Convocation: Lond. 1711, 8vo. "

[Greek: Halieus]. 

Dublin. 

_Military Music. _--Was military music ever played at night in the time ofKing Charles I. ?

MILITARIS. 

Belfast. 

 * * * * *

Minor Queries with Answers. 

_Stoven Church. _--Can you give me any information concerning the _original_church of Stoven, Suffolk, which was of good Norman work throughout, aslately ascertained by the vast number of Norman mouldings found in thewalls in restoring it?

L. (2)

 [In Jermyn's "Suffolk Collections, " vol. Vi. (Add. MSS. 8173. ), in the British Museum, are the following Notes of this church, taken 1st June, 1808, by H. I. And D. E. D. : "The Church consists of a nave and chancel, both under one roof, which is covered with thatch. The chancel is 30 ft. 3 in. Long, and 15 ft. 5 in. Wide. The communion-table is neither raised nor inclosed. The floor of the whole church is also of the same height. The nave is 30 ft. Long, and 16 ft. 1 in. Wide. Between the chancel and nave are the remains of a screen, and over it the arms of George II. , between two tables containing the Lord's Prayer, &c. In the N. E. Angle is the pulpit, which is of oak, hexagon, ordinary, as are also the pews and seats. At the W. End stands the font, which is octagon, the faces containing roses and lions, and two figures holding blank escutcheons, the pedestal supported by four lions. The steeple is in the usual place, small, square, of flints, but little higher than the roof. In it is only one bell, inscribed 1759. The entrance into the church on the N. Side is through a circular Saxon arch, not much ornamented. On the side is another of the same description, but more ornamented, with zig-zag moulding, &c. " Then follow the inscriptions, &c. In the chancel, of Mrs. Elizabeth Brown, John Brown, Thomas Brown; in the nave, of Henry Keable, with extracts from the parish register commencing in 1653. ]

_The Statute of Kilkenny. _--Said to have been passed in 1364. What was thenature of it?

ABREDONENSIS. 

 [This statute legally abolished the ancient code of the Irish, called the Brehon laws, and was passed in a parliament held at Kilkenny in the 40th Edward III. , under the government of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. By this act, the English are commanded in all controversies to govern themselves by the common laws of England, so that whoever submitted himself to the Brehon law, or the law of the Marches, is declared a traitor. Among other things the statute enacted that "the alliaunce of the English by marriage with any Irish, the nurture of infantes, and gossipred with the Irish, be deemed high treason. " And again, "If anie man of English race use an Irish name, Irish apparell, or any other guize or fashion of the Irish, his lands shall be seized, and his bodie imprisoned, till he shall conform to English modes and customs. " This statute was followed by the 18th Henry VI. C. I. Ii. Iii. , and the 28th Hen. VI. , c. I. , with similar prohibitions and penalties. These prohibitions, however, had little effect; nor were the English laws universally submitted to throughout Ireland until the time of James I. , when the final extirpation of the ancient Brehon law was effected. ]

_Kenne of Kenne. _--Can any of your Kentish correspondents inform me to whoma certain Christ. Kenne of Kenne, in co. Somerset, sold the manor of"Oakley, " in the parish of Higham, near Rochester; and in whose possessionit was about the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth or commencement ofJames I. ?

The above Kenne, by marrying Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir RogerCholmeley, and widow of Sir Leonard Beckwith, of Selby, in co. York, acquired possession of the same manor in co. Kent. 

After the death of his first wife, he married a Florence Stalling, whosurvived him. He died in 1592. 

F. T. 

 ["Christopher Kenne of Kenne, in the county of Somerset, Esq. , was possessed of the manor of Little Okeley, in Higham, Kent, in the right of his wife, the daughter and co-heir of Sir Roger Cholmeley, anno {81} 22 Eliz. ; and then, having levied a fine of it, sold it to Thompson, and he, in the reign of Charles I. , alienated it to Best. "--_Hasted. _

 Of course, the Christian name of Thompson, and other particulars if required, can be obtained by a reference to the foot of the fine in the Record Office, Carlton Ride. ]

_Rents of Assize, &c. _--In the _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, the followingvarieties of income derived from rent of land constantly recur, viz. :

 "De redditu (simply). De redditu assisæ. De redditu libero. De redditu ad voluntatem. "

Can the distinction between these be exactly explained by any correspondingannual payments for land according to present custom? And will any of yourreaders be kind enough to give such explanation?

J. 

 [_Redditus. _--Rents from lands let out to tenants; modern farm rents. 

 _Redditus Assisæ. _--Quit rents: fixed sums paid by the tenants of a manor annually to the lord; as in modern times. 

 _Redditus Liberi. _--Those quit rents which were paid to the lord by "liberi tenentes, " freeholders; as distinguished from "villani bassi tenentes, " &c. 

 _Redditus ad voluntatem. _--Annual payments "ad voluntatem donatium;" such as "confrana, " &c. The modern Easter Offering perhaps corresponds with them. ]

_Edifices of Ancient and Modern Times. _--Can any of your architectural orantiquarian readers inform me where a chronological list of the principaledifices of ancient and modern times can be found?

GETSRN. 

 [Consult _Chronological Tables of Ancient and Modern History Synchronistically and Ethnographically arranged_, fol. , Oxford, 1835. For those relating to Great Britain, see Britton's _Chronological and Historical Illustrations_, and his _Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain_. ]

_Gorram. _--Please to direct me where I can find a short account of Gorram, an ecclesiastical writer (I suppose) mentioned by D'Aubigné, vol. V. P. 245. 

L. (2)

 [The divine alluded to by D'Aubigné is no doubt Nicholas de Gorran, a Dominican, confessor to Philip the Fair of France. He was an admired and eloquent preacher, and his Sermons, together with a Commentary on the Gospels, appeared at Paris, 1523 and 1539. He died in 1295. ]

"_Rock of Ages. _"--Who is the author of the hymn beginning "Rock of Ages?"

J. G. T. 

 [That celebrated advocate for _The Calvinism of the Church of England_, the Rev. Augustus Montague Toplady. ]

 * * * * *

Replies. 

REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS. 

(Vol. Vii. , p. 591. )

Responding to the challenge of your correspondent MR. ANDREWS, I copy thefollowing from my common-place book:

_From Lintot's memorandum-book of "Copies when purchased. "_

 _Farquhar. _ £ s. D. 1705. Recruiting Officer 16 2 6 1706. Beaux Stratagem 30 0 0

 _Betterton. _

 1712. The Miller's Tale, with some characters from Chaucer 5 7 6

 _Mr. Centlivre. _

 1703. May 14. Love's Contrivance 10 0 0 1709. May 14. Busy Body 10 0 0

 _Mr. Cibber. _

 1701. Nov. 8. A third of Love's Last Shift 3 4 6 1705. Nov. 5. Perolla and Izadora 36 11 0 1707. Oct. 27. Double Gallant 16 2 6 Nov. 22. Lady's Last Stake 32 5 0 Feb. 26. Venus and Adonis 5 7 6 1708. Oct. 9. Comical Lover 10 15 0 1712. Mar. 16. Cinna's Conspiracy 13 0 0 1718. Oct. 1. The Nonjuror 105 0 0

 _Mr. Gay. _

 1713. May 12. Wife of Bath 25 0 0 1714. Nov. 11. Letter to a Lady 5 7 6 1715. Feb. 14. The What-d'ye-call-it? 16 2 6 Dec. 22. Trivia 43 0 0 Epistle to the Earl of Burlington 10 15 0 1717. May 4. Battle of the Frogs 16 2 6 Jan. 8. Three Hours after Marriage 43 2 6 Revival of the Wife of Bath 75 0 0 The Mohocks, a farce 2l. 10s. Sold the Mohocks to him again. ----------- 234 10 0 -----------

 _Captain Killegrew. _

 1718-l9. Feb. 14. Chit Chat 84 0 0

 _Mr. Ozell. _

 1711. Nov. 18. } Translating Homer's Iliad, 1712. Jan. 4. } books i. Ii. Iii. 10 8 6 1713. April 29. Translating Molière 37 12 6

 _N. Rowe, Esq. _

 Dec. 12. Jane Shore 50 15 0 1715. April 27. Jane Grey 73 5 0

 _Somerville. _

 1727. July 14. A Collection of Poems. 35 15 0

 {82}

 _Pope. _

 1712. Feb. 19. Statius, 1st book, and Verstumnus and Pomona 16 2 6 Mar. 21. First edition of the Rape 7 0 0 April 9. To a lady presenting Voiture. Upon Silence. To the author of a poem called Successio 3 16 6

 1712-13. Windsor Forest (Feb. 23) 32 5 0

 1713. July 23. Ode to St. Cecilia's Day 15 0 0

 1714. Feb. 20. Addition to the Rape 15 0 0 Mar. 23. Homer, vol. I. 215 0 0 650 copies on royal paper 176 0 0

 1715. Feb. 1. Temple of Fame 32 5 0 April 21. Key to the Lock 10 15 0

 1716. Feb. 9. Homer, vol. Ii. 215 0 0 May 2. 650 royal paper 150 0 0 July 17. Essay on Criticism 15 0 0

 1717. Aug. 9. Homer, vol. Iii. 215 0 0

 1718. Jan. 6. 650 royal paper 150 0 0 Mar. 3. Homer, vol. Iv. 210 0 0 650 royal paper 150 0 0 Oct. 17. Homer, vol. V. 210 0 0

 1719. April 6. 650 royal paper 150 0 0

 1720. Feb. 26. Homer, vol. Vi. 210 0 0 May 7. 650 royal paper 150 0 0

 1721. Parnell's Poems 15 0 0 Paid Mr. Pope for the subscription-money due on the 2nd volume of his Homer, and on his 5th volume, at the agreement for the said 5th vol. --(I had Mr. Pope's assignment for the royal paper that was then left of his Homer) 840 0 0

 Copy-money for the Odyssey, vols. I. Ii. Iii. , and 750 of each volume printed on royal paper, 4to. 615 0 0

 Copy-money for the Odyssey, vols. Iv. And v. , and 750 of each royal 425 18 7½ ---------------- £4244 8 7½ ----------------

From that storehouse of instruction and amusement, Nichols's _Anecdotes_, vol. Viii. Pp. 293-304. 

I take this opportunity of forwarding to you a curious memorandum which Ifound in rummaging the papers of a "note-maker" of the last century. Itappears to be a bill of fare for the entertainment of a party, upon the"flitch of bacon" being decreed to a happy couple. It is at Harrowgate, andnot at Dunmow, which would lead us to believe that this custom was notconfined to one county. The feast itself is almost as remarkable, asregards its component parts, as that produced by Mr. Thackeray, in hisdelightful "Lectures, " as characteristic of polite feeding in Queen Anne'sreign:

 "_June 25. --Mr. And Mrs. Liddal's Dinner at Green Dragon, Harrowgate, on taking Fflitch Bacon Oath. _

 _Bill Fare. _ Beans and bacon. Cabbage, colliflower. Three doz. Chickens. Two shoulders mutton, cowcumbers. Two turbets. Rump beef, &c. &c. Goose and plumbpudding. Quarter lamb, sallad. Tarts, jellies, strawberries, cream. Cherrys, syllabubs, and blomonge. Leg lamb, spinnage. Crawfish, pickled salmon. Fryd tripe, calves' heads. Gravy and Pease soup. Two piggs. Breast veal, ragoud. Ice cream, pine apple. Surloin beaf. Pidgeons, green peas. Lobsters, crabs. Twelve red herrings, twenty-two dobils. "

W. R. 

Stockwell. 

 * * * * *

ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS. 

(Vol. Vii. , p. 489. )

Perhaps the following may be of service as a farther illustration of thissubject. 

Zacharie Boyd says, in _The Last Battell of the Sovle in Death_, 1629, reprinted Glasgow, 1831, at p. 469. :

 "Now after his Battell ended hee hath surrendered the spirit, _Clepsydra effluxit_, his _houre-glasse_ is now runne out, and his soule is come to its wished home, where it is free from the fetters of flesh. "

This divine was minister of the barony parish of Glasgow, the church forwhich was then in the crypt of the cathedral. I have no doubt thehour-glass was there used from which he draws his simile. Yourcorrespondent refers to sermons an hour long, but, to judge from thecontents of "Mr. Zacharie's" MS. Sermons still preserved in the library ofthe College of Glasgow, each, at the rate of ordinary speaking, must haveoccupied at least an hour and a half in delivery. When he had become infirmand near his end, and had found it necessary to shorten his sermons, his"kirk session" was offended, as--

 "Feb. 13, 1651. Some are to speak to Mr. Z. Boyd about the soon skailing (dismissing) of the Baronie Kirk on Sunday afternoon. "

Though sermons are now generally restricted from three quarters to anhour's delivery, the practice of long preaching in the olden times in thewest of Scotland had much prevailed. Within my own recollection I haveheard sermons of nearly two hours' duration; and early among a few classesof the first Dissenters, on "Sacramental Occasions" as they are yet called, the services lasted altogether (not unfrequently) continuously from teno'clock on Sabbath forenoon, to three and {83} four o'clock the followingmorning. A traditional anecdote is current of an old Presbyterianclergyman, unusually full of matter, who, having preached out hishour-glass, was accustomed to pause, and addressing the precentor, "_Another glass and then_, " recommenced his sermon. 

A pictorial representation of the hour-glass in a country church is to beseen in front of the precentor's desk, or pulpit, in a very scarcehumorsome print, entitled "Presbyterian Penance, " by the famous DavidAllan. It also figures in the engraving of the painting by Wilkie, of JohnKnox preaching before Mary Queen of Scots. About twenty years ago it waseither in the Cathedral of Stirling or the Armory of the Castle (theancient chapel), that I saw the hour-glass (about twelve inches high) whichhad been connected with one or other of the pulpits, from both of whichJohn Knox is said to have preached. It is likely the hour-glass is there"even unto this day" (unless abstracted by some relic hunter); and if itcould be depended on as an original appendage to the pulpits, would provethat its use was coeval with the times of the Scottish Reformation. I thinkits high antiquity as certain as the oaken pulpits themselves. 

At an early period the general poverty of the country, and the scarcity ofclocks and watches, must have given rise to the adoption of the hoursand-glass, a simple instrument, but yet elegant and impressive, for themeasurement of a brief portion of our fleeting span. 

G. N. 

Glasgow. 

On the 31st May, 1640, the churchwardens of great Staughton, co. Huntingdonshire, "are, and stand charged with (among other church goods), apulpit standinge in the church, having a cover over the same, and anhoure-glasse adjoininge. "

Copy of a cutting from a magazine, name and date unknown:

 "Among Dr. Rawlinson's manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, No. 941 contains collection of _Miscellaneous Discourses_, by Mr. Lewis of Margate, in Kent, whence the following extract has been made:

 "'It appears that these hour-glasses were coeval with our Reformation. In a fine frontispiece, prefixed to the Holy Bible of the bishops' translation, printed in 4to. By John Day, 1569, Archbishop Parker is represented in the pulpit with an hour-glass standing on his right hand; ours, here, stood on the left without any frame. It was proper that some time should be prescribed for the length of the sermon, and clocks and watches were not then so common as they are now. This time of an hour continued till the Revolution, as appears by Bishop Sanderson's, Tillotson's, Stillingfleet's, Dr. Barrow's, and others' sermons, printed during that time. '

 "The writer of this article was informed in 1811 by the Rev. Mr. Burder, who had the curacy of St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street, that the large silver hour-glass formerly used in that church, was melted down into two staff heads for the parish beadles. 

 "An hour-glass frame of iron, fixed in the wall by the side of the pulpit, was remaining in 1797 in the church of North Moor, in Oxfordshire. "

JOSEPH RIX. 

St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. 

In many of our old pulpits built during the seventeenth century, when hoursermons were the rule, and thirty minutes the exception, the shelf on whichthe glass used to stand may still be seen. If I recollect rightly, that ofMiles Coverdale was thus furnished, as stated in the newspapers, at thetime the church of Bartholomew was removed. Perhaps this emblem was adoptedon gravestones as significant of the character of Death as a minister orpreacher. 

The late Basil Montague, when delivering a course of lectures on "Laughter"at the Islington Institution some few years since, kept time by the aid ofthis antique instrument. If I remember aright, he turned the glass andsaid, "_Another glass and then_, " or some equivalent expression. 

E. G. BALLARD. 

There is an example at the church of St. Alban, Wood Street, Cheapside. This church was rebuilt by Sir C. Wren, and finished 1685; showing that thehour-glass was in use subsequent to the times alluded to. 

J. D. ALLCROFT. 

I saw on 13th January last, an iron hour-glass stand affixed to a pillar inthe north aisle of Belton Church, in the Isle of Axholme. 

EDWARD PEACOCK. 

Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

 * * * * *

LADIES' ARMS BORNE IN A LOZENGE. 

(Vol. Vii. , p. 571. )

The subject of the Query put by your correspondent is one that hasfrequently occurred to me, but which is involved in obscurity. Heraldicwriters generally have contented themselves with the mere statement ofladies' arms being thus borne; and where we do find an opinion hazarded, itis more in the form of a quotation from a nameless author, or of a timidsuggestion, than an attempt to elucidate the question by argument or fromhistory. 

By some this form of shield is said to have descended to us from theAmazons, who bore such: others say, from the form of their tombstones! Nowwe find it to represent the ancient spindle so much used by ladies; andagain to be a shield found by the Romans unfit for use, and thereforetransferred to the weaker sex, who were "allowed to place their ensignsupon it, with one corner always uppermost. " {84}

Here are quotations from a few of our writers on the science of Heraldry:--

BURKE, _Encyclop. Herald. _ 1844. Queen Victoria bears her arms on a fulland complete shield; "for, " says the old rhyme--

 "Our sagest men of lore define The kingly state as masculine, Paiseant, martial bold and strong, The stay of right, the scourge of wrong; Hence those that England's sceptre wield, Must buckle on broad sword and shield, And o'er the land, and o'er the sea, Maintain her sway triumphantly. "

This, unfortunately, is only one side of the question: and, thoughsatisfactorily accounting for the shape of the shield of royalty, does notenlighten us on the "origin and meaning" of the lozenge. 

BARRINGTON, _Display of Heraldry_, 1844:--

 "An unmarried daughter bears her father's arms on a lozenge-shaped shield, without any addition or alteration. "

BERRY, _Encycl. Herald. _ 1830:--

 "The arms of maidens and widows should be borne in shields of this shape. "

ROBSON, _British Herald_, 1830:--

 "Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, differing from the fusil, being shorter and broader. Plutarch says that in Megara [read Megura], an ancient town of Greece, _the tombstones under which the bodies of Amazons lay_ were of that form: some conjecture this to be the cause why ladies have their arms on lozenges. "

PORNY, _Elements of Heraldry_, 1795, supposes--

 "The lozenge may have been originally a _fusil_, or _fusée_, as the French call it: it is a figure longer than the lozenge, and _signifies a spindle_, which is a woman's instrument. "

This writer also quotes _Sylvester de Petra Sancta_, who would have thisshield to "_represent a cushion_, whereon women used to sit and spin, or doother housewifery. "

BRYDSON, _Summary View of Heraldry_, 1795:--

 "The shields on which armorial bearings are represented are of various forms, as round, oval, or somewhat resembling a heart; which last is the most common form. Excepting sovereigns, women unmarried, or widows, bear their arms on a lozenge shield, which is of a square form, so placed as to have one of its angles upwards, _and is supposed to resemble a distoff_. "

BOYES, _Great Theatre of Honour_, 1754. In this great work the variousforms of shields, and the etymology of their names, are treated on atconsiderable length. The Greeks had five:--the _Aspis_, the _Gerron_ or_Gerra_, the _Thurios_, the _Laiveon_, and the _Pelte_ or _Pelta_. TheRomans had the _Ancile_, the _Scutum_, the _Clypeus_, the _Parma_, the_Cetra_, and others; but none of these approached the shape of the lozenge. The shields of modern nations are also dealt with at length; still theauthor appears to have had no information nor an opinion upon the lozenge, which he dismisses with these remarks:--

 "L'écu des filles est _en lozenge_, de même de celui des veuves; et en France et ailleurs, celles-ci l'ornent et l'entourent d'une cordelière ou cordon à divers neuds. Quant aux femmes mariées, elles accollent d'ordinaire leurs armes avec celles de leurs époux; mais quelquefois elles les portent aussi _en lozenge_. "

COATES, _Dictionary of Heraldry_, 1725, quotes Colombière, a French herald, who, he says, gives upwards of thirty examples of differently formedshields; but no allusion is made to the lozenge. 

CARTER, _Honor Redivivus_, 1660. 

DUGDALE, _Ancient Usage in bearing Arms_, 1682. 

GWILLIM, _Display of Heraldry_, 1638. 

CAMDEN, _Remains_, 1637. 

GERARD LEGH, _Accedence of Armorie_, 1576. 

None of these authors have touched on the subject; which, considering thatat the least two of them are the greatest authorities, appears somewhatstrange. 

FERNE, _Blazon of Gentrie_, 1586--

 "Thinks the lozenge is formed of the shield called _Tessera_ or _Tessela_, which the Romans, finding unfit for use, did allow to women to place their ensigns upon, with one of its angles always upmost. "

Though unable at this moment to furnish examples in proof of my opinion, Imust say that it is contrary to the one expressed by your correspondentCEYREP, that "formerly all ladies of rank" bore their arms upon a completeshield, or bore shields upon their seals. The two instances cited by himare rather unfortunate, the connexion of both ladies with royalty beingsufficiently close to suggest the possibility of their right to the "fulland complete" shield. 

Margaret, Duchess (not Countess) of Norfolk, was sole heir of her father, Thomas of Brotherton, fifth Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I. , andMarshal of England. She, "for the greatness of her birth, her largerevenues and wealth, " was created Duchess of Norfolk for life; and at thecoronation of King Richard II. She exhibited her petition "to be acceptedto the office of High Marshal, " which was, I believe, granted. In suchcase, setting aside her royal descent, I apprehend that, by virtue of heroffice, she would not bear her arms in a lozenge. She bore the arms ofEngland with only a label for difference. 

Margaret, Countess of Richmond, was herself royally descended, beinggreat-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, son of Edward III. ; wasdaughter-in-law of Henry V. 's widow, and mother of Henry VII. Beingdescended from the antenuptial children of John of Gaunt's third wife, whohad been legitimatised by act of parliament for all purposes exceptsuccession to the crown, {85} Henry VII. Would probably desire by everymeans in his power to suppress anything suggestive of his unsubstantialtitle to the crown. It might be by his particular desire that his motherassumed the full regal shield, on which to emblazon arms differing butslightly from those of her son, the king. 

It is not, however, my opinion that the form of shield under considerationis anything like so ancient as some of the authors would make it. I do notbelieve it comes to us either from the Amazons or the Romans. 

My own opinion, in the absence of any from the great writers to guide me, is, that we owe the use of this form of shield amongst ladies to_hatchments_ or _funeral achievements_. During the time of mourning forpersons of rank, their coats of arms are set up in churches and over theprincipal entrances of their houses. On these occasions it is well knowntheir arms are always placed in a large black lozenge; a form adopted asthe most proper figure for admitting the coats of arms of sixteen ancestorsto be placed round it, four on each of the sides of the square. 

It was not until the reign of Richard III. That the College of Arms wasregularly incorporated; and though the science of heraldry received itshighest polish during the splendid reigns of Edward III. And Henry V. , ithad yet scarcely been subjected to those rules which since theestablishment of the College have controlled it. Mark Noble, in his_History of the College of Arms_, says that the latter reign--

 "If it did not add to the wealth of the nation at large, gave rise to a number of great families, enriched by the spoils of Azincourt, the plunder of France, and the ransom of princes. The heraldic body was peculiarly prized and protected by the king, who, however, was very whimsical in the adoption of cognizances and devices. "

During the greater portion of the fourteenth century, and the early part ofthe fifteenth, there was a rage for jousts, tilts, and tournaments; andalmost every English nobleman had his officers of arms; dukes, marquesses, and earls were allowed a herald and pursuivant; the lower nobility, andeven knights, might retain one of the latter. To these officers belongedthe ordering of everything relating to the solemn and magnificent funerals, which were so general in these centuries, and which they presided over andmarshalled. 

During the reign of Edward IV. The exact form of these obsequies wasprescribed. Not only were the noblemen's own heralds there, but the king'salso; and not in tabards bearing the sovereign's, but the deceased's arms. 

So preposterously fond of funeral rites were monarchs and their subjects, that the obsequies of princes were observed by such sovereigns as were inalliance with them, and in the same state as if the royal remains had beenconveyed from one Christian kingdom to another. Individuals had theirobsequies kept in various places where they had particular connexions. [3]

Is it too much then to presume that in the midst of all this pomp andaffectation of grief, the hatchment of the deceased nobleman would bedisplayed as much, and continued as long, as possible by the widow? May wenot reasonably believe that these ladies would vie with each other in thesedisplays of the insignia of mourning, until, by usage, the lozenge-shapedhatchment became the shield appropriated to the sex?

These hypotheses are not without some foundation; but if any of yourcorrespondents will enunciate another theory, I shall be glad to give it mysupport if it is found to be more reasonable than the foregoing. 

BROCTUNA. 

Bury, Lancashire. 

[Footnote 3: Noble. ]

 * * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. 

_Multiplication of Photographs. _--In Vol. Viii. , p. 60. Is a letter fromMR. JOHN STEWART of Pau suggesting certain modes of operating in producingpositive photographs, and which suggestions are apparently offered as_novelties_, when, in fact, they have been for some considerable time inpractice by other manipulators. Of course, I do not suppose that they areotherwise regarded by MR. STEWART than as novelties, who cannot beacquainted with what is doing here; but it appears to me desirable todiscriminate between facts that are _absolutely_, and those that are_relatively_ new. 

Most of the transparent stereoscopic photographs sold in such numbers byall our eminent opticians, _are actually produced_ in the way recommendedby MR. STEWART; and reduced copies of photographs, &c. , have been producedin almost every possible variety by DR. DIAMOND, and many others of ourmost eminent photographers. Very early in the history of this science, theidea was suggested by Mr. Fox Talbot himself, of taking views of a smallsize, and enlarging them for multiplication; and, if I am rightly informed, Mr. Ross was applied to to construct a lens specially for the purpose. Somemonths back, as early at least as March or April in the present year, Mr. F. H. Wenham actually printed on common chloride paper a _life-size_positive from a small negative on collodion; and immediately afterwardsadopted the use of iodized paper for the same purpose; and after he hadexhibited the proofs, I myself repeated the experiment. In fact, had therebeen time at the last meeting of the Photographic Society, a paper on thisvery subject would have been read by Mr. Wenham; but the {86} businessbefore the meeting was too extensive to admit of it. My object is not, ofcourse, to offer any objection to the proposition, but simply to put in aclaim of merit for the idea originally due to Mr. Fox Talbot, andsecondarily to Mr. Wenham, who I believe was an earlier operator in thisway than any one. 

GEO. SHADBOLT. 

_Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals. _--As light transmitted througha yellow curtain, or yellow glass, does not affect photographic operations, would it not be desirable to keep the nitrate of silver and its solutionsin yellow glass bottles, instead of covering the plain white glass withblack paper, as I see directed in some cases?

CERIDWEN. 

 * * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries. 

_Donnybrook Fair_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 549. ). --ABHBA will find his answer inD'Alton's _History of the County of Dublin_, p. 804. :

 "About the year 1174, Earl 'Strongbow' gave Donnybrock (Devonalbroc), amongst other lands, to Walter de Riddlesford; and in 1204, King John granted to the corporation of Dublin license for an _annual eight-day fair here_, commencing on the day of the finding of the Holy Cross (May 3rd), with similar stallages and tolls, as established in Waterford and Limerick. "

This scene of an Irishman's glory has been daguerreotyped in lines that maybe left in your pages, as being probably quite as little known to yourreaders as is the work above cited:

 "Instead of weapons, either band Seized on such arms as came to hand. And as famed Ovid paints th' adventures Of wrangling Lapithæ and Centaurs, Who at their feast, by Bacchus led, Threw bottles at each others' head; And these arms failing in their scuffles, Attack'd with andirons, tonges, and shovels: So clubs and billets, staves and stones, Met fierce, encountering every sconce, And cover'd o'er with knobs and pains, Each void receptacle for brains. "

J. D. 

_Abigail_ (Vol. Iv. , p. 424. ; Vol. V. , pp. 38. 94. 450. , Vol. Viii. , p. 42. ). --Not having my "N. & Q. " at hand, I cannot say what may have beenalready told on this subject, but I think I can answer the Queries of yourlast correspondent, H. T. RYLEY. There can be, I think, no doubt that thefamiliar use of the name Abigail, for the _genus_ "lady's maid, " is derivedfrom one whom I may call _Abigail the Great_; who, before she ascended KingDavid's bed and throne, introduced herself under the oft-reiterateddescription of a "hand-maid. " (See 1 Sam. Xxv. 24, 25, 27, 28, 31. ) I haveno _Concordance_ at hand, but I suspect there is no passage in Scripturewhere the word _hand-maid_ is more prominent; and so the idea becameassociated with the name _Abigail_. An _Abigail_ for a hand-maid istherefore merely analogous to a _Goliath_ for a giant; a _Job_ for apatient man; a _Samson_ for a strong one; a _Jezebel_ for a shrew, &c. Ineed hardly add, that H. T. RYLEY'S conjecture, that this use of the term_Abigail_ had any relation to the Lady Masham, is, therefore, quitesupererogative--but I may go farther. The old Duchess of Marlborough's_Apology_, which _first_ told the world that Lady Masham's Christian namewas Abigail, and that she was a poor cousin of her own, was not publishedtill 1742, when all feeling about "Abigail Hill and her brother Jack" wasextinct. In fine, it will be found that the use of the term _Abigail_ for alady's maid was much more frequent _before_ the change of Queen Anne's Whigministry than _after_. 

C. 

_Honorary Degrees_ (Vol. Viii, p. 8. ). --Honorary degrees give no corporaterights. Johnson never himself assumed the title of Doctor; conferred on himfirst by the University of Dublin in 1765, and afterwards in 1775 by thatof Oxford. See Croker's _Boswell_, p. 168. N. 5. , for the probable motivesof Johnson's never having called himself Doctor. 

C. 

_Red Hair_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 616. ). --The Danes are said to have been (and tobe even now) a red-haired race. 

They were long the scourge of England, and to this possibly may beattributed in some degree the prejudice against people having hair of thatcolour. 

In Denmark, it is said, red-hair is esteemed a beauty. 

That red-haired people are fiery and passionate is undoubtedly true; atleast I vouch for it as far as my experience goes; but that they emit adisagreeable odour when inattentive to personal cleanliness, is probably avulgar prejudice arising from the colour of their hair, resembling that ofthe fox--_unde_ the term "foxy. "

A. C. M. 

Exeter. 

_Historical Engraving_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 619). --I am glad I happen to be ableto inform E. S. TAYLOR that his engraving, about the restoration of CharlesII. , is to be found in a book entitled--

 "Verhael in forme van Journal, van de Reys ende 't Vertoeven van den seer Doorluchtige ende Machtige Prins Carel de II. " &c. "In 's Graven-hage, by Adrian Vlack, M. DC. LX. " &c. 

Folio. The names at the corner of the engraving are apparently "F. T. Vliet, jn. P. Phillipe, sculp. "

J. M. G. 

_Proverbs quoted by Suetonius_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 594). --A full explanation ofthe proverb [Greek: speude bradeôs] {87} will be found in the _Adagia_ ofErasmus, under the head "Festina lente, " p. 588. , edit. 1599. That it was afavourite proverb of the Emperor Augustus is also stated by Gellius, _Noct. Att. _ x. 11. , and Macrob. , Saturn. Vi. 8. The verse, --

 "[Greek: asphalês gar est' ameinôn ê thrasus stratêlatês], "

is from the _Phoenissæ_ of Euripides, v. 599. 

L. 

"_Sat cito, si sat bene_" (Vol. V. , p. 594; Vol. Viii. , p. 18. ). --Yourcorrespondent C. Thinks that F. W. J. Is mistaken in calling it a favouritemaxim of Lord Eldon. Few persons are more apt to make mistakes thanF. W. J. He therefore sends the following extract from Twiss's _Life ofLord C. Eldon_, vol. I. P. 49. They are Lord Eldon's own words, afterhaving narrated the anecdote to which C. Refers:

 "In short, in all that I have had to do in future life, professional and judicial, I have always felt the effect of this early admonition on the pannels of the vehicle which conveyed me from school, 'Sat cito, si sat bene. ' It was the impression of this which made me that deliberative judge--as some have said, too deliberative; and reflection on all that is past will not authorise me to deny, that whilst I have been thinking 'Sat cito, si sat bene, ' I may not sufficiently have recollected whether 'Sat bene, si sat cito' has had its influence. "

The anecdote, and this observation upon it, are taken by Twiss from a bookof anecdotes in Lord Eldon's own handwriting. 

F. W. J. 

_Council of Laodicea, Canon 35. _ (Vol. Viii. , p. 7. ). --CLERICUS (D. ) willfind _Angelos_ in the text, without _Angulos_ in the margin, in any volumewhich contains the version by Dionysius Exiguus, or that by GentianusHervetus; the former printed Mogunt. 1525; Paris, 1609, 1661, and 1687: thelatter, Paris, 1561 and 1618; and sufficiently supplied by Beverege andHowell. Both translations are given by Crabbe, Surius, Binius, and others. 

The corrupt reading _Angulos_, derived from Isidorus Mercator, appears inthe text, and without a marginal correction, in James Merlin's edition ofthe _Councils_, Colon. 1530; in Carranza's _Summa_, Salmant. 1551, Lugd. 1601, Lovan. 1668 (in which last impression, the twelfth, the true headingof the Canon, according to Dionysius and Crisconius, viz. "De his qui_Angelos_ colunt, " is restored); and in the _Sanctiones Ecclesiasticæ_ ofJoverius, Paris, 1555. 

For _Angelos_ in the text, with a courageous "fortè legendum" _Angulos_ inthe margin, in Pope Adrian's _Epitome Canonum_, we are deeply indebted toCanisius (_Thesaur. Monum. _, ii. 271. Ed. Basnage); and this is the methodadopted by Longus à Coriolano and Bail. 

R. G. 

_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 595. ). --I have heard my mother speak ofAnna Lightfoot: her family belonged to the religious community calledFriends or Quakers. My mother was born 1751, and died in the year 1836. Theaunt of Anna Eleanor Lightfoot was next-door-neighbour to my grandfather, who lived in Sir Wm. Warren's Square, Wapping. The family were fromYorkshire, and the father of Anna was a shoemaker, and kept a shop nearExecution Dock, in the same district. He had a brother who was alinendraper, living in the neighbourhood of St. James's, at the west end ofthe town; and Anna was frequently his visitor, and here it was that shebecame acquainted with the great man of the day. She was missing, andadvertised for by her friends; and, after some time had elapsed, theyobtained some information as to her retreat, stating that she was wellprovided for; and her condition became known to them. She had a son who wasa corn-merchant, but, from some circumstance, became deranged in hisintellects, and it is said committed suicide. But whether she had adaughter, I never heard. A retreat was provided for Anna in one of thoselarge houses surrounded with a high wall and garden, in the district ofCat-and-Mutton Fields, on the east side of Hackney Road, leading from MileEnd Road; where she lived, and it is said died, but in what year I cannotsay. All this I have heard my mother tell when I was a young lad;furthermore your deponent knoweth not. 

J. M. C. 

_Jack and Gill_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 572. ). --A somewhat earlier instance of theoccurrence of the expression "Jack and Gill" is to be found (with a slightdifference) in John Heywood's _Dialogue of Wit and Folly_, page 11. Of thePercy Society's reprint:

 "No more hathe he in mynde, ether payne or care, Than hathe other Cock my hors, or Gyll my mare!"

This is probably not more than twenty years earlier than yourcorrespondent's quotation from Tusser. 

H. C. K. 

_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. Vi. _passim_; Vol. Vii. , p. 508. ). --Southey, in his _Omniana_ (vol. I. P. 210. ), cites a passagefrom the _Partidas_, in which the magnetic needle is used in illustration. It is as follows:

 "E bien assí como los marineros se guian en la noche escura por el aguja, que les es medianera entre la piedra é la estrella, é les muestra por de vayan, tambien en los malos tiempos, como en los buenos; otrosí los que han de consejar al Rey, se deven siempre guiar por la justicia; que es medianera entre Dios é el mundo, en todo tiempo, para dar guardalon á los buenos, é pena á los malos, á cada uno segund su merescimiento. "--2 _Partida_, tit. Ix. Ley 28. 

This passage is especially worthy of attention, as having been written halfa century before the supposed invention of the mariner's compass by FlaviusGioias at Amalfi; and, as Southey {88} remarks, "it must have been wellknown and in general use before it would thus be referred to as a familiarillustration. "

I do not think that any of your correspondents have quoted the haltinglines with which Byron mars the pathos of the Rousseau-like letter of DonnaJulia (_Don Juan_, canto I. Stanza cxcvi. ):

 "My heart is feminine, nor can forget-- To all, except one image, madly blind; So shakes the needle, and so stands the pole, As vibrates my fond heart to my fix'd soul. "

WILLIAM BATES. 

Birmingham. 

_Gibbon's Library_ (Vol. Vii. , pp. 407. 455. 535. ). --The followingquotation from Cyrus Redding's "Recollections of the Author of Vathek"(_New Monthly Magazine_, vol. Lxxi. P. 308. ) may interest J. H. M. And yourother correspondents under this head:

 "'I bought it (says Beckford) to have something to read when I passed through Lausanne. I have not been there since. I shut myself up for six weeks, from early in the morning until night, only now and then taking a ride. The people thought me mad. I read myself nearly blind. '

 "I inquired if the books were rare or curious. He replied in the negative. There were excellent editions of the principal historical writers, and an extensive collection of travels. The most valuable work was an edition of _Eustathius_; there was also a MS. Or two. All the books were in excellent condition; in number, considerably above six thousand, near seven perhaps. He should have read himself mad if there had been novelty enough, and he had stayed much longer. 

 "'I broke away, and dashed among the mountains. There is excellent reading there, too, equally to my taste. Did you ever travel alone among mountains?'

 "I replied that I had, and been fully sensible of their mighty impressions. 'Do you retain Gibbon's library?'

 "'It is now dispersed, I believe. I made it a present to my excellent physician, Dr. Schall or Scholl (I am not certain of the name). I never saw it after turning hermit there. '"

WILLIAM BATES. 

Birmingham. 

_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca_ (Vol. Vii. , pp. 500. 583. ). --Theaffirmation so frequently made and alluded to by J. M. S. Of Hull, thatSeneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity, isan old tradition, which has just been revived by a French author, M. AmédéeFleury, and is discussed and attempted to be established by him at greatlength in two octavo volumes. I have not read the book, but a learnedreviewer of it, M. S. De Sacy, shows, with the greatest appearance ofreason and authority, that the tradition, instead of being strengthened, isweakened by all that M. Fleury has said about it. M. De Sacy's review iscontained in the _Journal des Débats_ of June 30, in which excellent paperhe is a frequent and delightful writer on literary subjects. In the hopethat it may interest and gratify J. M. S. To be informed of M. Fleury's newwork, I send this scrap of information to the "N. & Q. "

JOHN MACRAY. 

Oxford. 

_"Hip, Hip, Hurrah!"_ (Vol. Vii. , pp. 595. 633). --The reply suggested byyour correspondent R. S. F. , that the above exclamation originated in theCrusades, and is a corruption of the initial letters of "Hierosolyma estperdita, " never appeared to me to be very apposite. 

In _A Collection of National English Ballads_, edited and published by W. Chapple, 1838, in a description of the song "Old Simon, the King, " thefavourite of Squire Western in _Tom Jones_, the following lines are quoted:

 "'Hang up all the poor hep drinkers, ' Cries old Sim, the king of skinkers. "[4]

A note to the above states, in reference to the word "hep, " that it was aterm of derision, applied to those who drank a weak infusion of the "hep"(hip) berry, or sloe. "Hence, " says the writer, "the exclamation of 'Hip, hip, hurrah, ' corrupted from 'Hip, hip, away. '" The couplet quoted abovewas written up in the Apollo Room at the Devil Tavern, Temple Bar, whereBen Jonson's club, the "Apollo Club, " used to meet. Many a drinker ofmodern Port has equally good reason to exclaim with his brethren of old, "Hip, hip, away!"

J. BRENT. 

[Footnote 4: A _skinker_ is one who serves drink. ]

_Emblemata_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 614. ). --I have a small edition of the _EmblemataHoratiana_, with the following title-page:

 "Othonis VænI Emblemata Horatiana Imaginibus in _æs_ incisis atque Latino, Germanico, Gallico et Belgico carmine Illustrata: Amstelædami, apud Henricum Wetstenium, M. DC. LXXXIV. "

The engravings, of which there are 103, measure about four inches by three;the book contains 207 pages, exclusive of the index. "Amicitiæ Trutina, "mentioned by MR. WELD TAYLOR, is the sixty-sixth plate on page 133. 

There is another volume of Emblems by Otho Venius, of which I have a copy:

 "Amorum Emblemata Figuris Æneis Incisa, studio Othonis VænI: Batavo Lugdunensis Antverpiæe Venalia apud Auctorem prostant apud Hieronymum Verdussen, MDCIIX. "

The engravings, of which (besides an allegorical frontispiece representingthe power of Venus) there are 124, are oval, measuring five inches inlength by three and a half inches in height. The designs appear to me to bevery good. On the {89} first plate is the name of the engraver, "C. Boelfecit. " Each engraving has a motto, with verses in Latin, Italian, andFrench. Recommendatory verses, by Hugo Grotius, Daniel Heinsius, Max. Vrientius, Ph. Rubentius, and Petro Benedetti, are prefixed. It appearsfrom Rose's _Biographical Dictionary_ (article "Van Veen"), that Veniuspublished another illustrated work, _The Seven Twin Sons of Lara_. Is thiswork known?

Horace Walpole did not appreciate Venius. He says:

 "The perplexed and silly emblems of Venius are well known. "--_Anecdotes of Painting_, vol. Ii. P. 167. 

The Emblems of Gabriele Rollenhagius (of which I have also a copy) consistof two centuries. The engravings are circular, with a motto round each, andLatin verses at foot. My edition was published at Utrecht, MDCXIII. 

I write rather in the hope of eliciting information, than of attempting togive any, on a subject which appears to me to deserve farther inquiry. 

Q. D. 

_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. Vii. , pp. 262. 440. ). --Will yourcontributors J. D. S. And J. L. Oblige me with references to the works inwhich these privileges are mentioned?

They will find them noticed also at pages 67. And 68. Of the second volumeof L. Guicciardini's _Belgium_ (ed. 1646): "_Jus Gruis liberæ. _" This ismentioned as one of the privileges of Campvere. Can any of your legalfriends tell me what this is, and where I may find it treated of?

E. 

_Slang Expressions: "Just the Cheese"_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 617. ). --This phraseis only some ten or twelve years old. Its origin was this:--Some desperatewitty fellows, by way of giving a comic turn to the phrase "C'est une autrechose, " used to translate it, "That is another cheese;" and after awhilethese words became "household words, " and when anything positive orspecific was intended to be pointed out, "That's the cheese" becameadopted, which is nearly synonymous with "Just the cheese. "

ASTOLPHO. 

_The Honorable Miss E. St. Leger_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 598. ). --Perhaps yourcorrespondent MR. BREEN may like to be informed that the late General theHonorable Arthur St. Leger related to me the account of his relative havingbeen made a master mason, and that she had secreted herself in an oldclock-case in Doneraile House, on purpose to learn the secrets of thelodge, but was discovered from having coughed. The Rev. Richard Arthur St. Leger, of Starcross, Devon, has an engraving of the lady, who isrepresented arrayed in all the costume of a master mason, with the apron, ring, and jewel of the order. 

W. COLLYNS. 

Harbow. 

_Queries from the Navorscher_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 595. )--"The Choice ofHercules, " in the _Tatler_, was written by Addison; Swift did notcontribute more than one article to that publication, a treatise on"Improprieties of Language. " The allegory of "Religion being the Foundationof Contentment" in the _Adventurer_, was the work of Hawkesworth, to whosepen most of those papers are attributable. 

"_Amentium haud amantium. _"--The alliteration of this passage in the_Andria_ of Terence is somewhat difficult to preserve in English; perhapsto render it

 "An act of _frenzy_ rather than _friendship_, "

would keep up the pun, though a weak translation, bringing to mind thewords of the song:

 "O call it by some other name, For _friendship_ is too cold. "

In French the expression might be turned "follement plutôt quefolâtrement, " although this is a fault on the other side, and a strongerword than the original. 

T. O. M. 

"_Pity is akin to love_" (Vol. I. , p. 248. ). --Though a long time haselapsed since the birthplace of these words was queried, no answer has, Ithink, appeared in your columns. Will you then allow me to refer H. ToSouthern's _Oroonoko_, Act II. Sc. 1. ?

 "_Blandford. _ Alas! I pity you. 

 _Oroonoko. _ Do pity me; _Pity's akin to love_, and every thought Of that soft kind is welcome to my soul. I would be pity'd here. "

W. T. M. 

Hong Kong. 

 * * * * *

Miscellaneous. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. 

Our library table is covered at this time with books for all classes ofreaders. The theological student will peruse with no ordinary interest thelearned _Dissertation on the Origin and Connexion of the Gospels, with aSynopsis of the Parallel Passages in the Original and Authorised Version, and Critical Notes_, by James Smith, Esq. , of Jordan Hill: and when he hasmastered the arguments contained in it, he may turn to the new number of_The Journal of Sacred Literature_, in which will be found a great varietyof able papers. Our antiquarian friends will be gratified with a volumecompiled in a great measure from original family papers, by its author Mr. Bankes, the Member for Dorsetshire; and which narrates _The Story of CorfeCastle, and of many who have lived there, collected from Ancient Chroniclesand Records; also from the Private Memoirs of a Family resident there inthe Time of the Civil Wars_. The volume, which is with good feelinginscribed by the author to his friends and neighbours, Members of theSociety for Mutual Improvement in the borough of Corfe Castle, containsmany interesting {90} notices of his ancestors, the well-known judge, SirJohn Bankes and his lady--so memorable for her gallant defence of CorfeCastle--drawn from the family papers. _The Royal Descent of Nelson andWellington from Edward I. , King of England, with Tables of Pedigree andGenealogical Memoirs_, compiled by G. R. French, is a handsomely printedvolume, which will please the genealogist; while the historical studentwill be more interested in _The Flowers of History, especially such asrelate to the Affairs of Britain from the Beginning of the World to theYear 1307, collected by Matthew of Westminster, translated by C. D. Yonge_, Vol. I. , a new volume of Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_, and an importantaddition to his series of translations of our early national chronicles. The classical student is indebted to the same publisher for the secondvolume of Mr. Owen's _Translation of the Organon, or Logical Treatises ofAristotle_: nor will he regard as the least important addition to hislibrary, the new Part (No. VII. ) of Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and RomanGeography_, which extends from _Cyrrhus_ to _Etruria_, and is distinguishedby the same excellences as the preceding Parts. We must conclude theseNotes with a brief reference to a handsome reprint of the great work of DeQuincy, the appearance of which in the _London Magazine_ some thirty yearssince created so great a sensation, we mean of course his _Confessions ofan English Opium-eater_. 

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UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in1834. --8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. 

HONORARY PRESIDENTS. 

 Earl of Courtown Earl Leven and Melville Earl of Norbury Earl of Stair Viscount Falkland Lord Elphinstone Lord Belhaven and Stenton Wm. Campbell, Esq. , of Tillichewan

LONDON BOARD. 

_Chairman. _--Charles Graham, Esq. _Deputy-Chairman. _--Charles Downes, Esq. 

 H. Blair Avarne, Esq. E. Lennox Boyd, Esq. , F. S. A. , _Resident_. C. Berwick Curtis, Esq. William Fairlie, Esq. D. Q. Henriques, Esq. J. G. Henriques, Esq. F. C. Maitland, Esq. William Railton, Esq. F. H. Thomson, Esq. Thomas Thorby, Esq. 

MEDICAL OFFICERS. 

_Physician. _--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq. , M. D. , 8. Bennett Street, St. James's. _Surgeon. _--F. H. Tomson, Esq. , 48. Berners Street. 

The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is asfollows:--

 ---------+----------+--------------------+---------- Sum | Time | Sum added to | Sum Assured. | Assured. | Policy | Payable | +--------------------+ at Death. | | In 1841. In 1848. | ---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- £ | | £ s. D. | £ s. D. | £ s. D. 5000 | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8 * 1000 | 7 years | - - | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0 500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0 ---------+----------+---------+----------+----------

* EXAMPLE. --At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty tookout a Policy for 1000l. , the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d. ; in1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d. ; but the profits being 2¼ percent. Per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. Per annum for each1000l. ) he had 157l. 10s. Added to the Policy, almost as much as thepremiums paid. 

The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and onlyone-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is forLife. Every information will be afforded on application to the ResidentDirector. 

 * * * * *

GILBERT J. FRENCH, BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that hereplies immediately to all applications by letter, for informationrespecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, &c. , &c. , supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c. , &c. 

Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communicationsby Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELSdelivered Free by Railway. 

 * * * * *

HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. Itcontains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their newwarerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, FurnitureChintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishmentcomplete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. 

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. 

 * * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER. --Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. 

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row, London. 

 * * * * *

INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c. --BARRY, DU BARRY & CO. 'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. 

THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectualremedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it savesfifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. 

_A few out of 50, 000 Cures:--_

 Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. The Lord Stuart de Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to authorise the publication of these lines. --STUART DE DECIES. "

 Cure, No. 49, 832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent food. --MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk. "

 Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by Du Barry's food in a very short time. --W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, Tiverton. "

 Cure, No. 4, 208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any inquiries. --REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk. "

_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial. _

 "Bonn, July 19. 1852. 

 "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption. 

 "DR. RUD WURZER. "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M. D. In Bonn. "

London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co. , 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to HerMajesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through allrespectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitablypacked for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d. ; 2lb. 4s. 6d. ; 5lb. 11s. ; 12lb. 22s. ; super-refined, 5lb. 22s. ; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. And 12lb. Carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order. --Barry, Du BarryCo. , 77. Regent Street, London. 

IMPORTANT CAUTION. --Many invalids having been seriously injured by spuriousimitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, andothers, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the nameBARRY, DU BARRY & CO. , 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without whichnone is genuine_. 

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{92}

A CHEAP ISSUE OF

MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS. 

FOR THE CONTINENT. 

HANDBOOK--TRAVEL TALK. 3s. 6d. 

HANDBOOK--BELGIUM AND THE RHINE. 5s. 

HANDBOOK--SWITZERLAND, SAVOY, AND PIEDMONT. 7s. 6d. 

HANDBOOK--NORTH GERMANY, AND HOLLAND. 9s. 

HANDBOOK--SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL. 9s. 

HANDBOOK--FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES. 9s. 

HANDBOOK--SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, ETC. 16s. 

HANDBOOK--NORTH ITALY AND FLORENCE. 9s. 

HANDBOOK--SOUTH ITALY AND NAPLES. 

HANDBOOK--EGYPT AND THEBES. 15s. 

HANDBOOK--DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. 12s. 

HANDBOOK--RUSSIA AND FINLAND. 12s. 

FOR ENGLAND. 

HANDBOOK--MODERN LONDON. 5s. 

HANDBOOK--ENGLAND. PART I. DEVON AND CORNWALL. 6s. 

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. 

 * * * * *

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXV. , is published THIS DAY. 

CONTENTS:

 I. IRELAND, BY THE FOUR MASTERS. II. HAXTHAUSEN ON RUSSIA. III. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY--PROFESSOR OWEN. IV. ECCLESIASTICAL FORGERIES. V. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIGNOR RUFFINI. VI. COUNT FICQUELMONT ON FOREIGN POLICY. VII. REPORT OF THE OXFORD COMMISSION. VIII. LIFE OF THOMAS MOORE. 

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. 

 * * * * *

Just published, THE CHRISTIAN REMEMBRANCER, No. LXXXI. , for JULY, 1853. 

CONTENTS. 

 1. Recent Metaphysics. 2. Miss Yonge's Novels. 3. Palmer's Dissertations on the Orthodox Communion. 4. Stirling's Cloister Life of Charles V. 5. Alford's Greek Testament. Vol. II. 6. Modern Poetry. 7. Church Penitentiary Association. 8. Spicilegium Solesmense. 9. Notices of New Books, &c. 

London: J. & C. MOZLEY, 6. Paternoster Row. 

 * * * * *

J. R. SMITH'S

NEW PUBLICATIONS. 

BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient BritishHistory. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M. A. Just published, 8vo. (pp. 488. ), with engravings, cloth, 15s. 

A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE, with Occasional Remarks on Mr. Collier's Folioof 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo. Cloth, 5s. 

WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Manners, Customs, and Dialect of thatand adjoining Counties. By J. Y. AKERMAN, ESQ. 12mo. Cloth, 2s. 6d. 

FACTS AND SPECULATIONS on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. By W. A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving. " In one handsomevolume, 8vo. , illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, cloth, 1l. 1s. 

BOSWORTH'S (Rev. Dr. ) Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. 8vo. , closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 2s. 

LOWER'S (M. A. ) ESSAYS on English Surnames. 2 vols. Post 8vo. Third Edition, greatly enlarged, cloth, 12s. 

LOWER'S CURIOSITIES of HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old EnglishWriters. 8vo. , numerous Engravings, cloth, 14s. 

WRIGHT'S (THOS. ) ESSAYS on the Literature, Popular Superstitions, andHistory of England in the Middle Ages. 2 vols. Post 8vo. , cloth, 16s. 

GUIDE to ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity of theCeltic, Romano British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, Fellow and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. , illustrated with numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects, cloth, 15s. 

A NEW LIFE OF SHAKSPEARE; including many Particulars respecting the Poetand his Family, never before published. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F. R. S. , F. S. A. , &c. 8vo. , 76 Engravings by Fairholt, cloth, 15s. 

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. 

 * * * * *

NEW EDITIONS OF SHARON TURNER'S HISTORICAL WORKS, WITH THE AUTHOR'S FINALCORRECTIONS. 

Just published, in 4 vols. 8vo. , price 50s. Cloth. 

SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY of ENGLAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES: Comprising theReigns from the Norman Conquest to the Accession of Henry VIII. The FifthEdition, revised; with the Author's final Corrections added by the Author'sSon, the REV. SYDNEY TURNER. 

By the same Author, New Editions, THE HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS. The Seventh Edition. 3 vols. 8vo. , price36s. 

THE SACRED HISTORY OF THE WORLD. The Eighth Edition, in 3 vols. Post 8vo. , price 31s. 6d. 

London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. 

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A COMPLETE HISTORY OF DRUGS, by M. POMET; with what is Observable fromMESSRS. LEMERQ and TOURNEFORT. Divided into Three Classes: Vegetable, Animal, and Mineral, and their Use in Chemistry, Pharmacy, and the Arts. Illustrated with above 400 Copper Cuts. Done into English. 2 vols. 4to. Inone. London: R. Bornirck & Co. , 1712. Dedicated to Dr. Sloane. 

DE HUMANA PHYSIOGNOMIA JOANNIS BAPTISTÆ PORTÆ Neapolitani. Libri 4. 1601. Ursellis Typ. Conellatorii. Numerous Woodcuts. To be disposed of. 

Apply by letter to W. C. , care of MR. BELL, 186. Fleet Street. 

 * * * * *

LITERARY CURIOSITIES. 

An Original and Highly Interesting Newspaper (_A Little Mercury_, of eightpages), published in the ever Memorable Year of the Martyrdom of KINGCHARLES THE FIRST, 205 years ago! Very rare, exceedingly curious, and infine preservation! Sent free on receipt of 12s. 6d. 

An Original, Rare, and Curious Newspaper (_A Little Mercury_, of sixteenpages), published in CHARLES THE SECOND'S Reign, sent free on receipt of6s. 

An Original Newspaper (_A Little Gazette_), rich in curious historical anddomestic announcements, published in CHARLES THE SECOND'S Reign, sent freeon receipt of 4s. 6d. 

An Original Newspaper of JAMES THE SECOND'S Reign, rare and curious, sentfree on receipt of 3s. 6d. 

An Original Newspaper of WILLIAM AND MARY'S Reign, rare and curious, sentfree on receipt of 3s. 6d. 

An Original Newspaper of QUEEN ANNE'S Reign, ornamented with curiouswoodcuts, rare and very interesting, sent free on receipt of 3s. 

An Original Newspaper of GEORGE THE FIRST'S Reign, with a curious woodcuttitle, rare, sent free on receipt of 2s. 6d. 

An Original Newspaper of GEORGE THE SECOND'S Reign, sent free on receipt of2s. 

An Original Newspaper of GEORGE THE THIRD'S Reign, sent free on receipt of1s. 

Apply, BY LETTER ONLY, inclosing a Remittance, either Post-office Order, orPostage Stamps, addressed to MR. JAMES HAMILTON FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. 

 * * * * *

TO PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS, AUTHORS, ETC. 

WOOD ENGRAVINGS. --Illustrations for Books, Periodicals, Newspapers, andevery Class of Wood Engravings executed in a Superior Style, at reasonablePrices, by GEORGE DORRINGTON, Designer and Engraver on Wood, 4. AmptonStreet, Gray's Inn Road. --Specimens and Estimates forwarded upon receipt ofparticulars. 

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parishof St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City ofLondon, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid. --Saturday, July 23, 1853. 

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Corrections made to printed original. 

page 57, "Spicilegium Solesmense": 'Solesmence' in original.