+----------------------------------------------------------------+| || Transcriber's Note: Italicized words, phrases, etc. Are || surrounded by _underline characters_. Greek transliterations || are surrounded by ~tildes~. Overlines indicating abbreviations || are shown like this, D[=n]e, meaning a line over the letter n. || Archaic spellings and hyphenation inconsistencies have been || left as originally printed. |+----------------------------------------------------------------+

{397}NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. 

 * * * * *

"When found, make a note of. "--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. 

 * * * * *

No. 182. ]SATURDAY, APRIL 23. 1853. [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. 

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CONTENTS. 

 NOTES:-- Page Poetical Epithets of the Nightingale, by Cuthbert Bede, B. A. 397 On a Passage in Orosius, by E. Thomson 399 Notes on several Misunderstood Words, by Rev. W. R. Arrowsmith 400 A Work on the Macrocosm 402 Dr. South's Latin Tract against Sherlock, by James Crossley 402 Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, S. Singleton, &c. 403

 MINOR NOTES:--Robert Weston--Sonnet on the Rev. Joseph Blanco White--English and American Booksellers --Odd Mistake--Thomas Shakspeare--Early Winters 404

 QUERIES:-- Satirical Playing Cards, by T. J. Pettigrew 405 Movable Metal Types anno 1435, by George Stephens 405 Portraits at Brickwall House 406

 MINOR QUERIES:--Christian Names--Lake of Geneva --Clerical Portrait--Arms: Battle-axe--Bullinger's Sermons--Gibbon's Library--Dr. Timothy Bright --Townley MSS. --Order of St. John of Jerusalem --Consecrated Roses, Swords, &c. --West, Kipling, and Millbourne--Font Inscriptions--Welsh Genealogical Queries--The Butler and his Man William--Longhi's Portraits of Guidiccioni--Sir George Carr--Dean Pratt--Portrait of Franklin--"Enquiry into the State of the Union" 406

 MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Bishop of Oxford in 1164--Roman Inscription found at Battle Bridge-- Blow-shoppes--Bishop Hesketh--Form of Prayer for Prisoners 409

 REPLIES:-- Edmund Spenser, and Spensers, or Spencers, of Hurstwood, by J. B. Spencer, &c. 410 Throwing old Shoes for Luck, by John Thrupp 411 Orkneys in Pawn 412 Hogarth's Pictures, by E. G. Ballard and W. D. Haggard 412 Phantom Bells and Lost Churches 413

 PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Photographic Collodion--Filtering Collodion--Photographic Notes --Colouring Collodion Pictures--Gutta Percha Baths 414

 REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Pilgrimages to the Holy Land--"A Letter to a Convocation Man"--King Robert Bruce's Coffin-plate--Eulenspiegel or Howleglas --Sir Edwin Sadleir--Belfry Towers separate from the Body of the Church--God's Marks--"The Whippiad" --The Axe that beheaded Anne Boleyn, &c. 415

 MISCELLANEOUS:-- Books and Odd Volumes wanted 417 Notices to Correspondents 418 Advertisements 418

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NOTES. 

POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE. 

Having lately been making some research among our British poets, as tothe character of the nightingale's song, I was much struck with thegreat quantity and diversity of epithets that I found applied to thebird. The difference of opinion that has existed with regard to thequality of its song, has of course led the poetical adherents of eitherside to couple the nightingale's name with that very great variety ofadjectives which I shall presently set down in a tabular form, with thenames of the poetical sponsors attached thereto. And, in making this thesubject of a Note, I am only opening up an old Query; for the characterof the nightingale's song has often been a matter for discussion, notonly for poets and scribblers, but even for great statesmen like Fox, who, amid all the anxieties of a political life, could yet find time todefend the nightingale from being a "most musical, most melancholy"bird. 

Coleridge's onslaught upon this line, in his poem of "The Nightingale, "must be well known to all lovers of poetry; and his re-christening ofthe bird by that epithet which Chaucer had before given it:

 "'Tis the _merry_ nightingale, That crowds, and hurries, and precipitates, With fast thick warble, his delicious notes, As he were fearful that an April night Would be too short for him to utter forth His love-chant, and disburthen his full soul Of all its music!"

The fable of the nightingale's origin would, of course, in classicaltimes, give the character of melancholy to its song; and it is ratherremarkable that Æschylus makes Cassandra speak of the _happy_ chirp ofthe nightingale, and the Chorus to remark upon this as a further proofof her insanity. (Shakspeare makes Edgar say, "The _foul fiend_ hauntedpoor Tom in the voice of a nightingale. "--_King Lear_, Act III. Sc. 6. )

Tennyson seems to be almost the only poet who has thoroughly recognisedthe great variety of epithets that may be applied to the nightingale'ssong, through the very opposite feelings which it {398} seems topossess the power to awaken. In his _Recollections of the ArabianNights_, he says, --

 "The living airs of middle night Died round the Bulbul as he sung; Not he; but something which possess'd The darkness of the world, _delight_, _Life_, _anguish_, _death_, _immortal love_, Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress'd, Apart from place, withholding time. "

Again, in the _In Memoriam_:

 "Wild bird! whose warble, liquid, sweet, Rings Eden through the budded quicks, Oh, tell me where the senses mix, Oh, tell me where the passions meet, "Whence radiate? _Fierce extremes_ employ Thy spirit in the dusking leaf, And _in the midmost heart of grief Thy passion clasps a secret joy_. "

With which compare these lines in _The Gardener's Daughter_:

 "Yet might I tell of meetings, of farewells, -- Of that which came between, more sweet than each, In whispers, like the whispers of the leaves That tremble round a nightingale--_in sighs Which perfect Joy, perplexed for utterance, Stole from her sister Sorrow_. "

But the most singular proof that, I think, I have met with, concerningthe diversity of opinion touching the song of the nightingale, is to befound in the following example. When Shelley (_Prometheus Unbound_) isdescribing the luxurious pleasures of the Grove of Daphne, he mentions(in some of the finest lines he has ever written) "the _voluptuous_nightingales, sick with sweet love, " to be among the great attractionsof the place: while Dean Milman (_Martyrs of Antioch_), in describingthe very same "dim, licentious Daphne, " is particular in mention thateverything there

 "Ministers _Voluptuous_ to man's transgressions"

(even including the "winds, and flowers, and waters"); everything, inshort, "_Save thou_, sweet _nightingale!_"

The question is indeed a case of "fierce extremes, " as we may see by thefollowing table of epithets, which are taken from the British poetsonly:

 _Amorous. _ Milton. _Artless. _ Drummond of Hawthornden. _Attick_ ("Attica aedon"). Gray. _Beautiful. _ Mackay. _Charmer. _ Michael Drayton, Philip Ayres. _Charming. _ Sir Roger L'Estrange. _Cheerful. _ Philip Ayres. _Complaining. _ Shakspeare. _Conqueror. _ Ford _Dainty. _ Carshaw, Giles Fletcher. _Darkling. _ Milton. _Dear. _ Ben Jonson, Drummond of Hawthornden. _Deep. _ Mrs. Hemans. _Delicious. _ Crashaw, Coleridge. _Doleful. _ Shakspeare. _Dusk. _ Barry Cornwall. _Enchanting. _ Mrs. T. Welsh. _Enthusiast. _ Crashaw. _Evening. _ Chaucer. _Ever-varying. _ Wordsworth. _Fervent. _ Mrs. Hemans. _Fond. _ Moore. _Forlorn. _ Shakspeare, Darwin, Hood. _Full-hearted. _ Author of _The Naiad_ (1816). _Full-throated. _ Keats. _Gentle. _ _The Spanish Tragedy_, Dunbar (Laureate to James IV. Scot. ), Mrs Charlotte Smith. _Good. _ Chaucer, Ben Jonson. _Gushing. _ Campbell. _Hapless. _ Milton. _Happy. _ Keats, Mackay. _Harmless. _ Crashaw, Browne. _Harmonious. _ Browne. _Heavenly. _[1] Chaucer, Dryden, Wordsworth. _Holy. _ Campbell. _Hopeful. _ Crashaw. _Immortal. _ Keats. _Joyful. _ Moore. _Joyous. _ Keble. _Lamenting. _ Shakspeare, Michael Drayton, Drummond of Hawthornden. _Light-foot. _ Crashaw. _Light-winged. _ Keats. _Liquid. _ Milton, Bishop Heber, Tennyson. _Listening. _ Crashaw, Thomson. _Little. _ James I. Scot. , Philip Ayres, Crashaw. _Lone. _ Beattie, Mrs. Hemans, Miss London, Mrs. Fanny Kemble, Milman. _Lonely. _ Countess of Winchilsea (1715), Barry Cornwall. _Loud. _ Shelley. _Loved. _ Mason. _Lovely. _ Bloomfield. _Love-lorn. _ Milton, Scott, Collins. _Lowly. _ Mrs. Thompson. {399} _Lusty. _ Chaucer. _Melancholy. _ Milton, Milman. _Melodious. _ Chris. Smart, Ld. Lyttelton, Southey. _Merry. _ _Red Book of Ossory_, fourteenth century (quoted in "N. & Q. , " Vol. Ii. , No. 54. ), Chaucer, Dunbar, Coleridge. _Minstrel. _ Mrs. Charlotte Smith. _Modest. _ Keble. _Mournful. _ Shakspeare, Theo. Lee, Pope, Lord Thurlow, Byron. _Musical. _ Milton. _Music-panting. _ Shelley. _New-abashed. _[2]Chaucer. _Night-warbling. _ Milton, Milman. _Pale. _ Author of _Raffaelle and Fornarina_ (1826). _Panting. _ Crashaw. _Passionate. _ Lady E. S. Wortley. _Pensive. _ Mrs. Charlotte Smith. _Piteous. _ Ambrose Philips. _Pity-pleading_ (used ironically). Coleridge. _Plaintive. _ Lord Lyttelton, Thomson, Keats, Hood. _Pleasant. _ An old but unknown author, quoted in Todd's _Illustrations to Gower and Chaucer_, p. 291. , ed. 1810. _Poor. _ Shakspeare, Ford. _Rapt. _ Hon. Julian Fane (1852). _Ravished. _ Lilly. _Responsive. _ Darwin. _Restless. _ T. Lovell Beddoes (in _The Bride's Tragedy_, 1822). _Richly-toned. _ Southey. _Sad. _ Milton, Giles Fletcher, Drummond of Hawthornden, Graves, Darwin, Collins, Beattie, Byron, Mrs. Hemans, Mrs Fanny Kemble, Hood, T. L. Beddoes. _Shrill. _ Chaucer, Crashaw. _Silver-sounding. _ Richard Barnfield. _Single. _[3] Southey. _Skilled. _ Ford. _Sleepless. _[4] Atherstone. _Sober-suited. _ Thomson. _Soft. _ Milton, James I. Scot. , Crashaw, Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Byron. _Solemn. _ Milton, Otway, Graingle. _Sole-sitting. _ Thomson. _Sorrowing. _ Shakspeare. _Soul-entrancing. _ Bishop Heber. _Supple. _ Crashaw. _Sweet. _ Chaucer, James I. Scot. , Milton, Spenser, Crashaw, Drummond, Richard Barnfield, Ambrose Philips, Shelley, Cowper, Thomson, Young, Darwin, Lord Lyttelton, Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Moore, Coleridge, Wordsworth, L. E. L. , Milman, Hood, Tennyson, P. J. Bailey, Kenny, Hon. J. Fane. _Sweetest. _ Milton, Browne, Thomson, Turnbull, Beattie. _Sweet-voiced. _ Wither. _Syren. _ Crashaw. _Tawny. _ Cary. _Tender. _ Crashaw, Turnbull. _Thrilling. _ Hon. Mrs. Wrottesley (1847). _Tuneful. _ Dyer, Grainger. _Unseen. _ Byron. _Vaunting. _ Bloomfield. _Voluptuous. _ Shelley. _Wakeful. _ Milton, Coleridge. _Wailing. _ Miss Landon. _Wandering. _ Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Hon. Mrs. Wrottesley. _Wanton. _ Coleridge. _Warbling. _ Milton, Ford, Chris. Smart, Pope, Smollett, Lord Lyttelton, Jos. Warton, Gray, Cowper. _Welcome. _ Wordsworth. _Wild. _ Moore, Tennyson, J. Westwood (1840). _Wise. _ Waller. _Wondrous_. Mrs. Fanny Kemble. 

In addition to these 109 epithets, others might be added of a fullercharacter; such as "Queen of all the quire" (Chaucer), "Night-music'sking" (Richard Barnfield, 1549), "Angel of the spring" (Ben Jonson), "_Music's best seed-plot_" (Crashaw), "Best poet of the grove"(Thomson), "Sweet poet of the woods" (Mrs. Charlotte Smith), "Dryad ofthe trees" (Keats), "Sappho of the dell" (Hood); but the foregoing listof simple adjectives (which doubtless could be greatly increased by amore extended poetical reading) sufficiently demonstrates the popularityof the nightingale as a poetical embellishment, and would, perhaps, tendto prove that a greater diversity of epithets have been bestowed uponthe nightingale than have been given to any other song-bird. 

CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. 

[Footnote 1: The epithets "heavenly, " "holy, " "solemn, " &c. , representthe nightingale's song, as spoken of by Keats, as the bird's "plaintive_anthem_;" by Mackay, as its

 "_Hymn_ of gratitude and love;"

and by Moore also, in his account of the Vale of Cashmere, as

 "The nightingale's _hymn_ from the Isle of Chenars. "

In _A Proper New Boke of the Armony of Byrdes_ (quoted by Dibdin, _Top. Antiq. _, iv. 381. ), of unknown date, though probably before 1580, thenightingale is represented as singing its Te Deum:

 "Tibi Cherubin Et Seraphin Full goodly she dyd chaunt, With notes merely Incessabile Voce Proeclamant. "]

[Footnote 2: Chaucer (_Troilus and Creseide_) imagines the nightingaleto "stint" at the beginning of its song, and to be frightened at theleast noise. ]

[Footnote 3: This, and the epithets of "sole-sitting" and "unseen, "refer to the nightingale's love of solitary seclusion. ]

[Footnote 4:

 "He slep no more than doth the nightingale. "

 Chaucer, _Cant. Pil. _]

 * * * * *

ON A PASSAGE IN OROSIUS. 

In King Alfred's version of Orosius, book ii. Chap. Iv. P. 68. , Barrington, we have an account of an unsuccessful attempt made by one ofCyrus the Great's officers to swim across a river "mid twam tyncenum, "with two _tynkens_. What was a _tyncen_? That was the question nearly ahundred years ago, when Barrington was working out his translation; andthe only answer to be found then was contained in the great dictionarypublished by Lye and Manning, but is not found now in Dr. Bosworth'ssecond edition of his Dictionary: "Tynce, _a tench_. "

How the Persian nobleman was to be supported by two little fishes, whichwere more likely to land their passenger at the bottom of the river thanon the opposite bank, we are left to guess. But, before we proceed withthe experiment, let us see that we have got the fishes. That tench wasin the Gyndis we have no authority for denying; but, if its Anglian orSaxon name was such as the dictionary exhibits, we have no trace of it{400} in the text of Alfred; for under no form of declension, acknowledged in grammar, will _tynce_ ever give _tyncenum_. We have noneed, then, to spend time in calculating the chance of success, when wehave not the means of making the experiment. 

As either _tync_ or _tynce_ would give _tyncum_, not _tyncenum_, thelatter must come out of _tyncen_ (query, _tynkin_ or _tunkin_, a littletun, a barrel, or a cask?). Such was the form in which the questionpresented itself to my mind, upon my first examination of the passagethree or four years ago, but which was given up without sufficientinvestigation, owing to an impression that if such had been the meaning, it was so simple and obvious that nobody could have missed it. 

An emergency, which I need not explain here, has within these few daysrecalled my attention to the subject; and I have no reason to beashamed, or to make a secret, of the result. 

_Tyncen_, the diminutive of _tunne_, is not only a genuine Anglo-Saxonword, but the type of a class, of whose existence in that language noSaxonist, I may say no Teutonist, not even the perspicacious andindefatigable Jacob Grimm himself, seems to be aware. The word isexactly analogous to Ger. _tönnchen_, from _tonne_, and proves threethings:--1. That our ancestors formed diminutives in _cen_, as well astheir neighbours in _ken_, _kin_, _chen_; 2. That the radical vowel wasmodified: for _y_ is the _umlaut_ of _u_; 3. That these properties ofthe dialect were known to Alfred the Great when he added this curiousstatement to the narrative of Orosius. 

E. THOMSON. 

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NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS. 

(_Continued from_ p. 376. )

_Imperseverant_, undiscerning. This word I have never met with buttwice, --in Shakspeare's _Cymbeline_, with the sense above given; and inBishop Andrewes' Sermon preached before Queen Elizabeth at HamptonCourt, A. D. 1594, in the sense of unenduring:

 "For the Sodomites are an example of impenitent wilful sinners; and Lot's wife of _imperseverant_ and relapsing righteous persons. "--_Library of Ang. -Cath. Theology_, vol. Ii. P. 62. 

_Perseverant_, discerning, and _persevers_, discerns, occur respectivelyat pp. 43. And 92. Of Hawes's _Pastime of Pleasure_ (Percy Society'sedition). The noun substantive _perseverance_=discernment is as common aword as any of the like length in the English language. To omit theexamples that might be cited out of Hawes's _Pastime of Pleasure_, Iwill adduce a dozen other instances; and if those should not _be enough_to justify my assertion, I will undertake to heap together two dozenmore. Mr. Dyce, in his _Critique of Knight and Collier's Shakspeare_, rightly explains the meaning of the word in _Cymbeline_; and quotes anexample of _perseverance_ from _The Widow_, to which the reader isreferred. Mr. Dyce had, however, previously corrupted a passage in hisedition of Rob. Greene's _Dramatic Works_, by substituting, "perceivance" for _perseverance_, the word in the original quarto of the_Pinner of Wakefield_, vol. Ii. P. 184. :

 "Why this is wondrous being blind of sight, His deep _perseuerance_ should be such to know us. "

I subjoin the promised dozen:

 "For his dyet he was verie temperate, and a great enemie of excesse and surfetting; and so carelesse of delicates, as though he had had no _perseuerance_ in the tast of meates, " &c. --"The Life of Ariosto, " Sir John Harington's Translation of _Orlando Furioso_, p. 418. 

 "In regarde whereof they are tyed vnto these duties: First by a prudent, diligent, and faithfull care to obserue by what things the state may be most benefited; and to haue _perseuerance_ where such marchandize that the state most vseth and desireth may be had with greatest ease, " &c. --_The Trauailer_, by Thomas Palmer: London, 1606. 

 "There are certain kinds of frogs in Egypt, about the floud of Nilus, that have this _percewerance_, that when by chance they happen to come where a fish called Varus is, which is great a murtherer and spoiler of frogs, they use to bear in their mouths overthwart a long reed, which groweth about the banks of Nile; and as this fish doth gape, thinking to feed upon the frog, the reed is so long that by no means he can swallow the frog; and so they save their lives. "--"The Pilgrimage of Kings and Princes, " chap. Xliii. P. 294. Of Lloyd's _Marrow of History_, corrected and revised by R. C. , Master of Arts: London, 1653. 

 "This fashion of countinge the monthe endured to the ccccl yere of the citie, and was kepte secrete among the byshops of theyr religion tyl the time that C. Flauius, P. Sulpitius Auarrio, and P. Sempronius Sophuilongus, then beinge Consuls, against the mynde of the Senatours disclosed all their solemne feates, published th[=e] in a table that euery man might haue perseuera[=u]ce of them. "--_An Abridgemente of the Notable Worke of Polidore Vergile, &c. _, by Thomas Langley, fol. Xlii. 

 "And some there be that thinke men toke occasion of God to make ymages, whiche wylling to shewe to the grosse wyttes of men some _perceiueraunce_ of hymselfe, toke on him the shape of man, as Abraham sawe him and Jacob also. "--_Id. _, fol. Lxi. 

In this passage, as in others presently to be alleged, "notification"seems to be the drift of the word. 

 "Of this vnreuerent religi[=o], Mahomete, a noble ma[=n]e, borne in Arabie, or, as some report, in Persie, was authour: and his father was an heathen idolater, and his mother an Ismaelite; wherfore she had more _perceuerance_ of the Hebrues law. "--_Id. _, fol. Cxlii. 

 "Where all feelyng and _perseuer[=a]ce_ of euill is awaie, nothyng there is euill or found a misse. As if a manne {401} be fallen into a sound slepe, he feleth not the hardenesse or other incommoditie of his cabon or couche. "--"The Saiynges of Publius, No. 58. , " _The Precepts of Cato, &c. , with Erasmus Annotations_: London, 1550. 

 "Wherfore both Philip and Alexander (if ye dead haue anie _perceuerance_) woulde not that the rootes (rooters) out of them and theyre issue, but rather that the punnishers of those traitors, should enioye the kingdom of Macedone. "--"The XVI Booke of Justine, " fol. 86. , Golding's Translation of the _Abridgement of the Historyes of Trojus Pompeius_: London, 1578. 

 "And morouer bycause his setting of vs here in this world is to aduaunce vs aloft, that is, to witte to the heauenly life, whereof he giueth vs some _perceyuerance_ and feeling afore hande. "--Io. Calvin. "Sermon XLI. , on the Tenth Chap. Of Job, " p. 209. , Golding's Translation: London, 1574. 

 "And so farre are wee off from being able to atteine to such knowledge through our owne power, that we flee it as much as is possible, and blindfold our own eyes, to the intent we might put away all _perceyuerance_ and feeling of God's judgement from vs. "--_Id. _, "Sermon XLII. , " p. 218. 

 "For (as I haue touched already) God of his goodnesse doth not vtterly barre vs from hauing any _perceyuerance_ at all of his wisdome: but it behoueth vs to keepe measure. "--_Id. _, "Sermon XLIII. , " p. 219. 

I shall not cite any more from Golding, but simply observe that the wordoccurs again and again in his translations. The remaining three examplesexhibit the noun in a somewhat different sense, viz. "notification, " or"means of discerning:"

 "The time most apt in all the yeare, and affoording greatest _perseuerance_ for the finding out of the heads of wells and fountaines, are the moneths of August or September. "--_The First Booke of the Countrie Farme_, p. 8. , by Stevens and Liebault, translated by Svrflet, and edited by G. Markham: London, 1616. 

 "He may also gather some _perceiuerance_ by the other markes before specified; that is to say, by the prints of his foote vpon the grasse, by the carriages of his head, his dung, gate, " &c. --_Id. _, booke vii. P. 685. 

 "And this lyfe to men is an high _perseveraunce_, Or a lyght of faythe wherby they shall be saved. "

 "God's Promises, " by John Bale; Dodsley's _Old Plays_ (Collier's edition), vol. I. Part II. Act I. 

By-the-bye, as a specimen of the value of this edition, take thefollowing passage of this very play:

 "O perfyght keye of David, and hygh scepture of the kyndred of Jacob; whych openest and no man _speareth_, that speakest and no man openeth. "--Act VII. P. 40. 

On the word _speareth_ the commentator treats his reader to a note; inwhich he informs him that _speareth_ means "asketh, " and in proof ofthis cites one passage from Chaucer, and two from Douglas's _Virgil_. Itmight almost appear to be upbraiding the reader with stupidity tomention that _speareth_ signifieth "bolteth, shutteth;" and that"speaketh" is a misprint for _speareth_. This verb was a favourite withBale. One word more closes my budget for the present. 

_More_, a root. Still in use in Gloucestershire, once of frequentoccurrence. To the examples alleged by Richardson, in his _Dictionary_, add the following:

 "I se it by ensaunple In somer tyme on trowes; Ther some bowes ben leved, And some bereth none, There is a meschief in the _more_ Of swiche manere bowes. " _The Vision of Piers Ploughman_, edited by Thomas Wright, vol. Ii. P. 300. 

At p. 302. You find the sentiment in Latin:

 "Sicut cum videris arborem pallidam et marcidam, intelligis quod _vitium habet in radice_"--"a meschief in the _more_. "

The Glossary of the editor is silent. 

 "It is a ful trie tree, quod he, Trewely to telle; Mercy is the _more_ therof, The myddul stok is ruthe; The leves ben lele wordes, The lawe of holy chirche; The blosmes beth buxom speche, And benigne lokynge; Pacience hatte the pure tree, " &c. _Id. _, vol. Ii. P. 330. 

 "It groweth in a gardyn, quod he, That God made hymselve, Amyddes mannes body, The _more_ is of that stokke, Herte highte the herber, That it inne groweth. " _Id. _, vol. Ii. P. 331. 

There should not be any comma, or other stop, at body, because the senseis--"The root of that stock is amid man's body. "

Mr. Wright's Glossary refers to these last two instances as follows:

 "_More_ (A. -S. ) 330, 331. , the main or larger part, body (?)"

At p. 334. We meet with the word again:

 "On o _more_ thei growed. "

And again, at p. 416. :

 "And bite a-two the _mores_. "

May I, in passing, venture to inquire of the editor on what authority heexplains _waselede_ (p. 476. ) to be "the pret. Of _waselen_ (A. -S. ) tobecome dirty, dirty oneself?"

 "This Troilus withouten rede or lore, As man that hath his joies eke forlore, Was waiting on his lady evermore, As she that was sothfast croppe and _more_, Of all his lust or joyes here tofore. " Chaucer's _Troilus and Creseide_, b. V. 

{402}Afterwards, in the same book, a few stanzas further on, he joins "crop"and "root" together. 

 "Last of all, if these thinges auayle not the cure, I do commend and allow above all the rest, that you take the iuyce of Celendine rootes, making them cleane from the earth that doth vse to hang to the _moores_. "--_The Booke of Falconrie_, by George Turbervile, 1611, p. 236. 

 "Chiefely, if the _moare_ of vertue be not cropped, but dayly rooted deepelyer. "--_The Fyrste Booke of the Nobles or of Nobilitye_, translated from Laurence Humfrey. 

The next and last example from the "Second Booke" of this interestinglittle volume I will quote more at large:

 "Aristotle mencioneth in his Politikes an horrible othe vsed in certaine states, consistinge of the regimente of fewe nobles, in maner thus: I will hate the people, and to my power persecute them. Which is the _croppe_ and _more_ of al sedition. Yet too much practised in oure liues. But what cause is there why a noble man should eyther despise the people? or hate them? or wrong them? What? know they not, no tiranny maye bee trusty? Nor how yll gard[=e] of c[=o]tinuance, feare is? Further, no more may nobilitie misse the people, then in man's body, the heade, the hande. For of trueth, the common people are the handes of the nobles, sith them selues bee handlesse. They labour and sweate for them, with tillinge, saylinge, running, toylinge: by sea, by l[=a]d, with h[=a]ds, w't feete, serue them. So as w'oute theyr seruice, they nor eate, nor drink, nor are clothed, no nor liue. We reade in ye taleteller Esope, a doue was saued by the helpe of an ant. A lyon escaped by the benefit of a mowse. We rede agayne, that euen ants haue theyr choler. And not altogether quite, the egle angered the bytle bee. "

The reader will notice in this citation another instance of the verb_miss_, to dispense with. I have now done for the present; but shouldthe collation of sundry passages, to illustrate the meaning of a word, appear as agreeable to the laws of a sound philology, as conducive tothe integrity of our ancient writers, and as instructive to the publicas brainspun emendations, whether of a remote or modern date, whichnow-a-days are pouring in like a flood--to corrupt long recognisedreadings in our idolised poet Shakspeare, in order to make hisphraseology square with the language of the times and his readers'capacities--I will not decline to continue endeavours such as thepresent essay exhibits with a view to stem and roll back the tide. 

W. R. ARROWSMITH. 

Broad Heath, Presteign, Herefordshire. 

 * * * * *

A WORK ON THE MACROCOSM. 

I intended to have contributed a series of papers to "N. & Q. " on thebrute creation, on plants and flowers, &c. ; and in a Note on the lattersubject I promised to follow it up. However, as circumstances havechanged my intentions, I think it may be well to mention that I have inhand a work on Macrocosm, or World of Nature around us, which shall bepublished in three separate parts or volumes. The first shall be devotedto the Brute Creation; the second shall be an Herbal, with a Calendar ofdedicated Flowers prefixed; the third shall contain Chapters on theMineral Kingdom: in the last I shall treat of the symbolism of stones, and the superstitions respecting them. I purpose in each case, as far aspossible, to go to the fountain-head, and shall give copious extractsfrom such writers as St. Ildefonso of Toledo, St. Isidore of Seville, Vincent of Beauvais, St. Basil, Origen, Epiphanius, and the ChristianFathers. 

As the work I have sketched out for myself will require time to mature, I shall publish very shortly a small volume, containing a breviary ofthe former, which will give some idea of the manner in which I shalltreat the proposed subject. 

Many correspondents of "N. & Q. " have evinced great interest in the lineI intend to enter upon. (See Vol. I. , pp. 173. 457. ; Vol. Iv. , p. 175. ;Vol. Vi. , pp. 101. 272. 462. 518. ) Their Queries have produced nosatisfactory result. I myself made a Query in my "Chapter on Flowers, "some months ago, respecting Catholic floral directories, and two worksin particular, about which I was most anxious, and which were quoted in_The Catholic Florist_, London, 1851, and I have received no answer. Mr. Oakley, indeed, wrote to me to say that he "only edited it, and wrote apreface, " and that he forwarded my Query "to the compiler:" the latterpersonage, however, has not favoured me with a reply. 

In spite of all these discouragements, I have taken the step of bringingmy contemplated work before the readers of "N. & Q. , " and I shallgratefully acknowledge any communications relative to legends, folk-lore, superstitions, symbolism, &c. Bearing on the subjectsproposed. As I intend inserting a bibliographical list of the chiefworks which come under the scope of each volume, I might receive muchvaluable assistance on this point, especially as regards Oriental andother foreign books, which might escape my researches. As regards thebrute creation, I have gotten, with the kind assistance of the editor of"N. & Q. , " Hildrop's famous reply to Father Bougeant; and I have sent toGermany for Dr. Kraus's recent work on the subject. 

EIRIONNACH. 

 * * * * *

DR. SOUTH'S LATIN TRACT AGAINST SHERLOCK. 

None of South's compositions are more striking or characteristic thanhis two English tracts against Sherlock, his _Animadversions onSherlock's Vindication of the Trinity_, 1693-94, 4to. , {403} and his_Tritheism charged on Sherlock's new Notion of the Trinity_, 1694, 4to. For caustic wit and tremendous power of vituperation, I scarcely knowany controversial works which surpass, or even equal them. South lookedupon Sherlock with profound scorn as a Sciolist, and hated him mostcordially as a heretic and a political renegade. He accordingly giveshim no quarter, and seems determined to draw blood at every stroke. Mrs. Sherlock is of course not forgotten, and one of the happiest passages inthe _Tritheism charged_ is the well-known humorous illustration ofSocrates and Xantippe, p. 129. It is somewhat curious that, notwithstanding these two works of South have attracted so much notice, it seems to be quite unknown that he also published a Latin tractagainst Sherlock, in further continuation of the controversy, in whichthe attack is carried on with equal severity. The title of the tract inquestion is, _Decreti Oxoniensis Vindicatio in Tribus adModestum ejusdem examinatorem modestioribus Epistolis a TheologoTransmarino_. Excusa Anno Domini 1696, 4to. , pp. 92. The tract, of whichI have a copy, is anonymous, but it is ascribed to South in thefollowing passages in _The Agreement of the Unitarians with the CatholicChurch_, part i. 1697, 4to. , which is included in vol. V. Of the 4to. _Unitarian Tracts_, and evidently written by one who had fullinformation on the subject. His expressions (p. 62. ) are--"Dr. South, inhis Latin Letters, under the name of a Transmarine Divine;" and a littlefurther on, "Dr. South, in two (English) books by him written, and inthree Latin letters, excepts against this (Sherlock's) explication ofthe Trinity. " In confirmation of this ascription, I may observe that theLatin tract is contained in an extensive collection of the tracts in theTrinitarian Controversy formed by Dr. John Wallis, which I possess, andin which he has written the names of the authors of the variousanonymous pieces. He took, as is well known, a leading part in thecontroversy, and published himself an anonymous pamphlet (not noticed byhis biographers), also in defence of Oxford decrees. On the title-pageof the Latin tract he has written "By Dr. South. " I have likewiseanother copy in a volume which belonged to Stephen Nye, one of theablest writers in the controversy, and who ascribes it in the list ofcontents in the fly-leaf, in his handwriting, to Dr. South. Thesegrounds would appear to be sufficient to authorise our including thistract in the list of South's works, though, from the internal evidenceof the tract itself alone, I should scarcely have felt justified inascribing it to him. 

JAS. CROSSLEY. 

 * * * * *

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. 

_Parallel Passages. _--

 "You leaden messengers, That ride upon the violent wings of fire, Fly with false aim; _move_ the _still-piecing_ air, That sings with piercing, --do not touch my lord!" _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act III. Sc. 2. 

 "the elements, Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well _Wound_ the loud winds, or with bemock'd at stabs Kill the _still-closing_ waters, as diminish One dowle that's in my plume. " _The Tempest_, Act III. Sc. 3. 

There can be little doubt that the clever corrector of MR. COLLIER'Sfolio had the last of these passages in view when he altered the word_move_ of the first, into _wound_ of the second: but in this instance heovershot the mark, in not perceiving the nice and subtle distinctionwhich exists between them. The first implies possibility: the secondimpossibility. 

In the second, the mention of, to "wound the loud wind, or kill thestill-closing water, " is to set forth the absurdness of the attempt; butin the first passage there is a direct injunction to a possible act:"Fly with false aim, move the still-piecing air. " To say "_wound_ thestill-piecing air" would be to direct to be done, in one passage, thatwhich the other passage declares to be absurd to expect!

If it were necessary to disturb _move_ at all, the word _cleave_ wouldbe, all to nothing, a better substitution than _wound_. 

Whether the annotating of MR. COLLIER'S folio be a real or apseudo-antique, it is impossible to deny that its executor must havebeen a clever, as he was certainly _a slashing_ hitter. It cannot, therefore, be wondered that he should sometimes reach the mark: but thatthese corrections should be received with that blind and superstitiousfaith, so strangely exacted for them, can scarcely be expected. Indeed, it is to be regretted that they have been introduced to the public withsuch an uncompromising claim to authority; as the natural repugnanceagainst _enforced_ opinion may endanger the success of the fewsuggestive emendations, to be found amongst them, which are really newand valuable. 

A. E. B. 

Leeds. 

P. S. --With reference to the above Note, which, although not beforeprinted, has been for some time in the Editor's hands, I have observedin a Dublin paper of Saturday, April 9th, a very singular coincidence;viz. The recurrence of the self-same misprint corrected by Malone, butretained by Messrs. Collier and Knight in their respective editions ofShakspeare. Had the parallel expressions _still-closing_, _still-piecing_, which I have compared in the above paper, been noticedby these {404} editors, they would no more have hesitated in acceptingMalone's correction than they would object to the same correction in themisprint I am about to point out; viz. 

 "Two planks were pointed out by the witnesses, viz. One with a knot in it, and another which was piered with strips of wood, " &c. --_Saunders's Newsletter_, April 9th, 3rd page, 1st col. 

_The Passage in "King Henry VIII. , " Act III. Sc. 2. _ (Vol. Vii. , pp. 5. 111. 183. ). --Is an old Shakspearian to talk rashly in "N. & Q. " withoutbeing called to account? "If 'we can, '" says MR. SINGER, "'by no meanspart with _have_, ' we must interpolate _been_ after it, to make it anyway intelligible, to the marring of the verse. " Now, besides the passagein the same scene--

 ----"my loyalty, Which ever has, and ever shall be growing, "

pointed out by your Leeds correspondent, there is another equally inpoint in _All's Well that Ends Well_, Act II. Sc. 5. , which, being inprose, settles the question as to whether the omission of the pastparticiple after the auxiliary was customary in Shakspeare's time. It isLafeu's farewell to Parolles:

 "Farewell, Monsieur: I have spoken better of you, than you have or will deserve at my hand; but we must do good against evil. "

Either this is "unintelligible, " and "we must interpolate" _deserved_, or (the only possible alternative) all three passages are free from MR. SINGER'S objection. 

C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. 

Birmingham. 

_On a Passage in "Macbeth. "_--Macbeth (Act I. Sc. 7. ) says:

 "I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself, And falls on the other. "

Should not the third line be--

 "Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps _its sell_!"

_Sell_ is saddle (Latin, _sella_; French, _selle_), andis used by Spenser in this sense. 

"O'erleaping _itself_" is manifest nonsense; whereas the whole passagehas evident reference to horsemanship; and to "vault" is "to carry one'sbody cleverly over anything of a considerable height, resting one handupon the thing itself, "--exactly the manner in which some persons mounta horse, resting one hand on the pommel of the saddle. 

It would then be perfectly intelligible, thus--

 "Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps its saddle (sell), And falls on the other (side of the horse). "

Does MR. COLLIER'S "New Text, " or any other old copy, prove this?

S. SINGLETON. 

Greenwich. 

 * * * * *

MINOR NOTES. 

_Robert Weston. _--I copy the following from a letter of R. L. Kingstonto Dr. Ducarel in Nichols's _Literary History_, vol. Iii. P. 629. :

 "Robert Weston was Lord of Manor of Kilmington in Devon, and divided his estate among four daughters, reserving to the eldest son the royalties of his courts. In his will or deed of settlement is this clause:--'That the Abbot of Newnhams, near Axminster, had nothing to do in the highway any further than to his land of Studhays, and that he should stand without the court gate of his land of Studhays, and take his right ear in his left hand, and put his right arm next to his body under his left across, and so cast his reap-hook from him; and so far he shall come. '"

BALLIOLENSIS. 

_Sonnet on the Rev. Joseph Blanco White. _--Some years ago, I copied thefollowing sonnet from a newspaper. Can you say where it first made itsappearance? After the annexed testimony of Coleridge, it is needless tosay anything in its praise. 

 "SONNET ON THE REV. JOSEPH BLANCO WHITE. 

 Mysterious Night! When our first parent knew Thee from report divine, and heard thy name, Did he not tremble for this lovely frame, This glorious canopy of light and blue? Yet 'neath a curtain of translucent dew, Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame, Hesperus, with the host of heaven, came, And lo! Creation widen'd in man's view. 

 Who could have thought such darkness lay conceal'd Within thy beams, O Sun! Or who could find, Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect, stood reveal'd, That to such countless orbs thou mad'st us blind? Why do we then shun death with anxious strife? If light can thus deceive--wherefore not life?"

Coleridge is said to have pronounced this "The finest and most grandlyconceived in our language; at least, it is only in Milton's and inWordsworth's sonnets that I recollect any rival. "

BALLIOLENSIS. 

_English and American Booksellers. _--It is rather curious to note, thatwhilst English booksellers are emulously vying with one another topublish editions of _Uncle Toms_, _Queechys_, _Wide Wide Worlds_, &c. , they neglect to issue English works which the superior shrewdness of{405} Uncle Sam deems worthy of reprinting. Southey's _Chronicle of theCid_, which was published by Longman in 1808, and not since printed inEngland, was brought out in a very handsome octavo form at Lowell, U. S. , in 1846. And this, the "first American edition, " as it is called onthe title-page, can be readily procured from the booksellers in London;whereas the English original is not to be met with. In like manner, Macaulay's _Essays_ were collected and published first in America; andso with Praed's _Poems_, and many others. Uncle Sam has latelyannounced collections of Dr. Maginn's and De Quincey's scattered Essays, for which we owe him our most grateful acknowledgments. 

J. M. B. 

Tunbridge Wells. 

_Odd Mistake. _--

 "One of the houses on Mount Ephraim formerly belonged to _Judge Jeffries_, a man who has rendered his name infamous in the annals of history _by the cruelty and injustice he manifested in presiding at the trial of King Charles I. _"--_Descriptive Sketches of Tunbridge Wells_, by John Britton, F. S. A. , p. 59. 

Voilà comment on fait l'histoire!

J. M. B. 

Tunbridge Wells. 

_Thomas Shakspeare. _--In the year 1597 there resided in Lutterworth inLeicestershire, only distant from Stratford-upon-Avon, the birth-town ofShakspeare, a very few miles, one _Thomas Shakspeare_, who appears tohave been employed by William Glover, of Hillendon in Northamptonshire, gentleman, as his agent to receive for him and give an acquittance for aconsiderable sum of money. 

Having regard to the age in which this Thomas Shakspeare lived, coupledwith his place of residence, is it not probable he was a relative of thegreat Bard?

CHARLECOTE. 

_Early Winters. _--I heard it mentioned, when in St. Petersburg verylately, that they have never had so early a commencement of winter asthis last year since the French were at Moscow. 

I find in accounts of the war, that the winter _commenced_ then (1812)on November 7, N. S. , with deep snow. Last year (1852) it commenced atSt. Petersburg on October 16, N. S. , as noted in my diary, with snow, which has remained on the ground ever since, accompanied at times with_very_ severe frost. 

Query: Can November 7, N. S. , be the correct date? If it is, this lastwinter's commencement must be unprecedented; as I have always heard itremarked, that the winter began unusually early the year the French wereat Moscow. 

I may mention as a note, that by the last accounts from Russia, they saythe ice in the Gulf of Finland was four and a half feet thick. 

J. S. A. 

Old Broad Street. 

 * * * * *

QUERIES. 

SATIRICAL PLAYING CARDS. 

I have lately been much interested in a pack of cards, complete(fifty-two) in their number and suits, engraved in the time of theCommonwealth at the Hague, and representing the chief personages and theprincipal events of that period. I have been able, by reference tohistorical authorities, and, in particular, to the Ballads andBroadsides in the British Museum, forming the collection presented tothe nation by George III. , to explain the whole pack, with the exceptionof two. These are "Parry, Father and Sonne, " and "Simonias slanderingthe High Priest, to get his Place. " The former simply represents twofigures, without any thing to offer a clue to any event; the lattergives the representation of six Puritans, forming an assembly, who arebeing addressed by one of the body. I cannot find any notice ofSimonias, or to whom such a name has been applied, in any of theCommonwealth tracts with which I am acquainted. Probably some of yourreaders can help me in this matter. Of these cards I can find no notice:they are not mentioned by Singer, and appear to have escaped theindefatigable research of Mr. Chatto. They were purchased at the Hague, more than thirty years since, for thirty-three guineas, and areexceedingly curious: indeed they form a bundle of Commonwealth tracts. All the principal persons of the time figure in some characteristicrepresentation, and the private scandal is also recognised in them. Thus, Oliver is to be found under a strong conflict with Lady Lambert;Sir Harry Mildmay solicits a citizen's wife, for which his own correctshim; and he is also being beaten by a footboy, --which event is alludedto in Butler's _Posthumous Works_. General Lambert, of whom your pageshave given some interesting information, is represented as "The Knightof the Golden Tulip, " evidently in reference to his withdrawal with apension to Holland, where he is known to have ardently cultivatedflowers, and to have drawn them in a very superior manner. I hope thiscommunication may enable me to complete my account of these cards, theexplanation of which may probably throw light upon some of the stirringevents of that extraordinary period of our history. 

T. J. PETTIGREW. 

Saville Row. 

 * * * * *

MOVABLE METAL TYPES ANNO 1435. 

A vellum MS. Has lately come into my possession, containing the Servicefor the Dead, Prayers, &c. , with the tones for chanting, &c. , in Latin, written for a German Order, apparently about the year 1430. 

This tome, which is in small 4to. , is very remarkable and valuable onaccount of the binding. This is red leather, stamped with double linesforming lozenges, and powdered with additional stamps, Or, a lion, afleur-de-lys, an eagle, and a star. The whole is on the plain leather, without any gilding. 

But in addition hereto, a full inscription runs along each back, at topand bottom and each side, stamped with _movable metal types_ applied byhand, {406} without gold, as is done by the bookbinder to this day inblind stamping. 

The legend on the first back is as follows:

 _At top. _--"DIEZ . PUCHLE[=I] _Continued to the right. _--IST . S. . MARGRETEN . _At the bottom. _--SCHUEST . AB[=T] . ZU . _Continued to the left. _--S. . KATHERE[=I] . ZU . MUR. "

That is, --

 "Diez puchlein ist schwester Margreten, sehuest abtisse zu Sankt Katherein zu Mur. "

The legend on the last back is, --

 _At top. _--"NACH . CRIST . _Continued to the right. _--GEPURT . MCCCCXXXV . _At bottom. _--UVART . GEPUN _Continued to the left. _--D[=E] . DIEZ . PUCH . .. K. "

That is, --

 "Nach Crist gepurt MCCCCXXXV uvart gepunden diez puch . .. K. "

The whole inscription will therefore be, in English, --

 THIS BOOKLET IS SISTER MARGARET'S, SISTER-ABBESS AT SAINT CATHERINE'S AT MUR. 

 AFTER CHRIST'S BIRTH, 1435, WAS BOUN- DEN THIS BOOK . .. K. 

A letter or two is illegible, from the injury made by the clasp, beforethe last K. Both the clasps are torn away, perhaps from their havingbeen of some precious metal. Has this K anything to do with Köster?

Can any particulars be given of the abbess, monastery, and townmentioned?

Is any other specimen of movable _metal_ types known of so early a date?

GEORGE STEPHENS. 

Copenhagen. 

 * * * * *

PORTRAITS AT BRICKWALL HOUSE. 

Among the pictures at Brickwall House, Northiam, Sussex, are thefollowing portraits by artists whose names are not mentioned either inBryan, or Pilkington, or Horace Walpole's notices of painters. I shallbe thankful for any information respecting them. 

 1. A full-length portrait in oils (small size) on canvas (29 inches by 24) of a gentleman seated, dressed in a handsome loose gown, red slippers, and on his head a handsome, but very peculiar velvet cap; on the ground, near him, a squirrel; and on a table by his side, a ground plan of some fortification. "John Sommer _pinxit_, 1700. "

N. B. --The late Capt. Marryatt, and subsequently another gentleman, guessed it to be a portrait of Wortley Montague from the peculiar dress;but the fortification would seem to indicate a military personage. Thepicture is well painted. 

 2. A half-length portrait in oils (small size) on canvas (20-1/2 inches by 17), of an old lady seated; a landscape in the background. A highly finished and excellent picture; the lace in her cap is most elaborate. "T. Vander Wilt, 1701. "

N. B. --I conclude this is the artist's name, though possibly it may bethe subject's. 

 3. A pair of portraits (Kit Kat size), of John Knight of Slapton, Northamptonshire, aged seventy-two; and Catherine his wife, aged thirty-seven. "Lucas Whittonus _pinxit_, 1736. "

N. B. --Inferior portraits by some provincial artist. I conclude Lucas isthe surname, and Whittonus indicates his locality; if so, what place?

Whilst on this subject, I would add another Query respecting a picturein this house: a very highly finished portrait (small size) by Terburgh, of a gentleman standing, in black gown, long brown wig, and a book on atable by him. "Andries de Græff. Obiit lxxiii. , MDCLXXIIII. "

Can you tell me anything about this old gentleman?

T. F. 

 * * * * *

MINOR QUERIES. 

_Christian Names. _--Can any of your correspondents inform me when itbecame a common practice to have more than one Christian name? Lord Cokesays (_Co. Litt. 3 a_):

 "And regularly it is requisite that the purchaser be named by the name of baptism and his surname, and that special heed be taken to the name of baptism; _for that a man cannot have two names of baptism as he may have divers surnames. _"

And further on he says:

 "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his confirmation by the bishop, he is named John, he may purchase by the name of his confirmation. .. . And this doth agree with our ancient books, where it is holden that a man may have divers names at divers times, _but not divers Christian names_. "

It appears, then, that during the first half of the seventeenth centurya man could not have two Christian names. 

Also, at what period did the custom arise of using as Christian nameswords which are properly surnames?

ERICAS. 

_Lake of Geneva. _--The chronicler Marius (in the second volume of _DomBouquet_) mentions that, in the reign of the sons of Clotaire, anearthquake or landslip, in the valley of the Upper Rhone, enlarged theLemannus, or Genevese Lake, by thirty miles of length and twenty ofbreadth, destroying towns and villages. Montfaucon, in his _Monumens dela Monarchie_, i. P. 63. , {407} states that the Lake of Geneva wasformed on this occasion: absurdly, unless he means that upon thisoccasion its limits were extended to Geneva, having previouslyterminated further east. What vestiges of this catastrophe are nowperceptible?

A. N. 

_Clerical Portrait. _--May I request the assistance of "N. & Q. " indiscovering the name of a reverend person whose portrait I have recentlymet with in my parish? The individual from whom I procured it could giveme no other history of it, but that he had bought it at the sale of theeffects of a respectable pawnbroker in the village many years ago. 

Afterwards I learned from another resident in the parish that he wellremembered visiting the shop of the same broker, in company with anothergentleman still living, when this identical portrait was the subject ofconversation, and the broker went into his private room and brought outa book, conceived to be a magazine, from which he read a description ofthe person of whom this was the portrait, to the following effect, viz. , "That he was born of obscure parentage in the parish of Glemham, Suffolk; that he was sent to school, and afterwards became a great manand a dignitary of the church, if not a bishop; and became so wealthythat he gave a large sum for the repairs of Norwich Cathedral. "

These are the only particulars which I have yet ascertained as to theportrait, for neither of the gentlemen who were present at thistransaction with the broker, though they agree in the circumstanceswhich I have above narrated, can remember _the name_ of my greatunknown. 

I look, however, with confidence to the wide range of yourcorrespondents, and hope to receive some clue which may guide me to thewished-for discovery. 

The portrait is an oil painting, a fine full florid face, with a longwig of black curly hair resting on the shoulders, gown and band, dateprobably from Queen Anne to George II. 

J. T. A. 

_Arms: Battle-axe. _--With some quarterings of Welsh arms in Bisham(Marlow) of Hobey, is one of three battle-axes. The same appear nearDenbigh, supposed taken in with a L. R. From Vaughan. Query, What familyor families bore three battle-axes?

A. C. 

_Bullinger's Sermons. _--Will some of your correspondents kindly give mesome information regarding a volume of sermons by Henry Bullinger, whichI have reason to believe is of rather rare occurrence? It is_Festorum dierum Domini et Servatoris nostri Jesu ChristiSermones Ecclesiastici: Heinrycho Bullingero, Authore. _ There is avignette, short preface (on title-page), with a Scripture motto, Matt. Xvii. Date is, "Tiguri apud Christoph. Froschoverum a. MDLVIII. "I believe there is a copy in the University Library, Cambridge. 

ENIVRI. 

Monkstown, Dublin. 

_Gibbon's Library. _--Matthews, in his _Diary of an Invalid_, says, whenvisiting Gibbon's house at Lausanne, "His library still remains; but itis buried and lost to the world. It is the property of Mr. Beckford, andlies locked up in an uninhabited house at Lausanne" (1st edit. 1820, p. 319. ). This was written about 1817. Was the library ever transferred toFonthill or to Bath, or does it still remain at Lausanne?

J. H. M. 

_Dr. Timothy Bright. _--Can any of your correspondents inform me whetherthis gentleman, author of a _Treatise on Melancholy_, an edition ofFox's _Martyrs_, &c. , was an ancestor of the Rev. Henry Bright, prebendof Worcester Cathedral, and instructor of Samuel Butler, author of_Hudibras_?

H. A. B. 

_Townley MSS. _--I request to know, where are the Townley MSS. ?* Theyare quoted by Nicolas in the Scope and Grosvenor Rolls? Also, where arethe MSS. Often referred to in the _History of the House of Yvery_ asthen penes the Earl of Egmont; and also a folio of Pedigrees by CamdenRusset?

H. T. ELLACOMBE. 

 [* For a notice of the Townley MSS. , see "N. & Q. , " Vol. Iv. , p. 103. ]

_Order of St. John of Jerusalem. _--1. Who were the members of theBritish Language of St. John of Jerusalem, when Elizabeth took awaytheir property?

2. What members of the British Language were present when, in 1546, theEnglish commander Upton attacked and defeated the famous Corsair Dragutat Tarschien in Malta? Also, what members of it were present when theChevalier Repton, Grand Prior of England in 1551, was killed, aftersignally defeating the Turks in another attack which they made on theisland?

3. What became of the records of the Language?

N. B. --Some of them, belonging to the Irish branch of it, were latelybought of a Jew by a private gentleman in the Grand Duchy of Baden. Theyare supposed to have been deposited for security at Heidersheim nearFribourg, which was the chief seat of the German Language of the Order. 

R. L. P. 

Wartensee, Lake of Constance. 

_Consecrated Roses, Swords, &c. _--Where will any account be found of theorigin of the custom, which has long prevailed at Rome, of the Pope'sblessing, on the eve at certain festivals, roses and {408} otherarticles, and which were afterwards frequently presented to sovereignsand potentates as tokens of friendship and amity?

G. 

_West, Kipling, and Millbourne. _--In 1752 there was a firm of West andKipling in Holborn: the Christian name of West was Thomas; and there isreason to believe that he had two sons, Francis and Thomas. A GeorgeMillbourne, Esq. , of Spring Gardens, married a cousin of Thomas West, the partner of Kipling: these facts are referred to in the will of alady proved A. D. 1764. Can any reader of "N. & Q. " furnish me withmaterials or references from which I may gather information of thesefamilies of West and Millbourne? The smallest contribution will bethankfully received by

F. S. 

_Font Inscriptions. _--I would request the favour of any such of ancientdate. A collection of them would be interesting. I can give three. 

At Lullington, Somerset, on a Norman font, in characters of that date:

 "In hoc Fontu sacro pereunt delicta lavacro. "

At Bourn, Lincoln:

 "Su[=p] o[=m]e no[=m] I H C est no[=m] q[=d]e. "

At Melton Mowbray:

 "Sancta Trinitas misere nobis. "

H. T. ELLACOMBE. 

_Welsh Genealogical Queries_. --Can JOHN AP WILLIAM AP JOHN (Vol. Vii. , p. 292. ), or some other reader, enlighten me as to who the followingpersonages were, or where a pedigree of them is to be found:

 1. Gwladys, da. Of Ithel ap Rhys ap Morgan, of Ewias ap Morgan Hîr ap Testyn ap Gwrgant, of 4th royal tribe, who ma. Madog ap Griffith. --Burke's _Landed Gentry_, "Hughes of Gwerclas. "

 2. Beatrix, da. Of Eignion ap David ap Myles ap Griffith ap Owen, lord of Bromfield; and Honet ap Jago ap Ydwall, prince of Wales, who ma. William Belward, baron of Malpas. 

 3. Gwernwy, cousin of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, called prince of the 14th royal tribe, whose grand-da. Hunydd ma. Meredith ap Bleddyn. --_V. Burke_, as above. 

 4. Gwentlian, wife of the above Gwernwy, da. Of Rhys ap Morgan. 

 5. Griffin, son of Wenovewyn, whose da. Ma. Fulke Fitzwarine, a baron, 1295--1314. --_V. _ Burke's _Extinct Peerage_. 

 6. Gladys, da. Of Rygwallon, prince of Wales, said by Sir Wm. Segar to be wife of Walter FitzOther, ancestor of Lords Windsor; and what authority is there for this match?--_V. Collins_, &c. 

As these Queries are not of general interest, I inclose a stampedenvelope for the answers. 

E. H. Y. 

_The Butler and his Man William. _--These mythological personages, thegrotesque creation of Mr. Grosvenor Bedford's fertile imagination, arefrequently referred to and dilated on in the letters addressed to him bySouthey (_Life of Southey_, by his Son, vol. Ii. P. 335. , &c. ), whenurging Mr. Bedford to write a Pantagruelian romance on their lives andadventures, which however was never accomplished. What therefore is themeaning of the following paragraph, which appears at the conclusion ofthe review of volume ii. Of Southey's _Life_, contained in the _Gent. 'sMag. _ for April, 1850, p. 359. ?

 "We will only add, that with respect to the _Butler_ mentioned at p. 335. , the editor seems but imperfectly informed. His portrait, and that of his _man William_, are now hanging on the walls of our study. His Life is on our table. He himself has long since returned to the 'august abode' from which he came. "

J. M. B. 

Tunbridge Wells. 

_Longhi's Portraits of Guidiccioni. _--The Count Alessandro Cappi ofRavenna is about to publish an elaborate life of his fellow-townsman_Luca Longhi_, with very copious illustrations from that painter'sworks. 

He has ransacked Italy in vain for a portrait of Monsignor GiovanniGuidiccioni, President of Romagna, painted by Luca Longhi in 1540. Thisportrait possesses more than ordinary interest, since (to use the wordsof Armenini, author of _Veri Precetti della Pittura_) "fu predicato permaraviglioso in Roma da Michelangelo Buonarrotti. " Count Cappi, supposing that the picture may have found its way to England, hopes bythe publication of this notice to discover its whereabouts. Anycorrespondent who shall be kind enough to furnish him, through thisjournal, with the desired information, may be assured of his "più verariconoscenza. "

W. G. C. 

_Sir George Carr. _--Wanted, pedigree and arms, wife's name and family, of Sir George Carr, who was joint clerk of the council of Munster from1620 to 1663, or thereabouts. Sir George had two sons at least, Williamand Thomas; William was alive in 1673. Whom did he marry, and whatfamily had he?

Y. S. M. 

Dublin. 

_Dean Pratt. _--DR. HESSEY will feel obliged to any reader of "N. & Q. "who can answer the following questions. 

At what College of what University did Dr. Samuel Pratt, Dean ofRochester, receive his education, and by whom was he ordained?

He was born in 1658, left Merchant Taylors' school (where he passed hisearly years) in 1677, and was created D. D. By royal mandate, atCambridge, in 1697, but no college is attached to his {409} name in thelist of Cambridge graduates. Still, if he was of neither university, itseems difficult to account for his having had the successive prefermentsof Chaplain to the Princess of Denmark, Almoner to the Duke ofGloucester, Clerk of the Closet to the Queen, and in 1706 Dean ofRochester. He died in 1728, aged seventy-one. 

Merchant Taylors'. 

_Portrait of Franklin. _--I have heard of a story to the effect that whenFranklin left England, he presented a portrait of himself, by West, toThurlow. I am exceedingly anxious to know if there is any foundation forthis, as during the last week I saw in a shop near the chapel here, aportrait of the philosopher which I rather suspect to be the one alludedto. 

H. G. D. 

Knightsbridge. 

"_Enquiry into the State of the Union. _"--A book of much importance hasfallen into my hands, entitled--

 "An Enquiry into the State of the Union of Great Britain. The past and present State of the public Revenues. By the _Wednesday's_ Club in _Friday Street_. London: printed for A. And W. Bell, at the Cross Keys, Cornhill; J. Watts, in Bow Street, Covent Garden: and sold by B. Barker and C. King, in Westminster Hall; W. Mears and J. Brown, without Temple Bar; and W. Taylor, in Paternoster Row. 1717. "

Can any of your correspondents throw a light upon this _Wednesday's_Club, in Friday Street? Was it a real club or fictitious?

By so doing you would greatly oblige me, and afford importantinformation to this office. 

JAMES A. DAVIES. 

National Debt Office. 

 * * * * *

MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS. 

_Bishop of Oxford in 1164. _--Among the names of the bishops who signedthe Constitutions of Clarendon I see "Bartholomeus OxoniensisEpiscopus. " How is this signature accounted for? There are no othersignatures of suffragan or inferior bishops attached. 

W. FRASER. 

Tor-Mohun. 

 [Clearly a misprint for Bartholomeus _Exoniensis_ Episcopus, the celebrated Bartholomew Iscanus, the opponent of Thomas à Becket. Our correspondent should have given the title of the work where he found the signatures, as they are not appended to the "Constitutions" in Matthew Paris, Spelman, or Wilkins. ]

_Roman Inscription found at Battle Bridge. _--I shall be very muchobliged if any one of your numerous readers or correspondents will be sokind as to furnish me with an authentic copy of the inscription on theRoman stone which in July 1842 was found at Battle Bridge, St. Pancras, and also state where the original stone is to be seen. The account ofthe discovery of the stone is mentioned in a paragraph which appeared in_The Times_ newspaper of the 30th July, 1842, in the following manner:

 "ANTIQUITIES DISCOVERED. --A Roman inscription has within these few days past been discovered at Battle Bridge, otherwise, by an absurd change of denomination, known as King's Cross, New Road, St. Pancras. This discovery appears fully to justify the conjectures of Stukeley and other antiquaries, that the great battle between the Britons under Boadicea and the Romans under Suetonius Paulinus took place at this spot. Faithful tradition, in the absence of all decisive evidence, still pointed to the place by the appellation of Battle Bridge. The inscription, which in parts is much obliterated, bears distinctly the letters 'LEG. XX. ' The writer of this notice has not yet had an opportunity personally to examine it, but speaks from the information of an antiquarian friend. The twentieth legion, it is well known, was one of the four which came into Britain in the reign of Claudius, and contributed to its subjugation: the vexillation of this legion was in the army of Suetonius Paulinus when he made that victorious stand in a fortified pass, with a forest in his rear, against the insurgent Britons. The position is sketched by Tacitus, and antiquaries well know that on the high ground above Battle Bridge there are vestiges of Roman works, and that the tract of land to the north was formerly a forest. The veracity of the following passage of Tacitus is therefore fully confirmed:--'Deligitque locum artis faucibus, et a tergo sylva clausum; satis cognito, nihil hostium, nisi in fronte, et apertam planitiem esse, sine metu insidiarum. ' He further tells us that the force of Suetonius was composed of 'Quartadecima legio cum _vexillariis vicessimariis_ et e proximis auxiliares. '"

S. R. 

 [A sketch of this fragment of stone, discovered by Mr. E. B. Price, is given in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for August, 1842, p. 144. ]

_Blow-shoppes. _--

 "Wild bores, bulls, and falcons bredde there in times paste; now, for lakke of woodde, blow-shoppes decay there. "--Leland's _Itin. _, Hearne's edit. , vol. Vii. P. 42. 

What is the meaning of _blow-shoppe_?

J. B. 

 [Leland appears to refer to blacksmiths' forges, which decayed for lack of wood. ]

_Bishop Hesketh_ (Vol. Vii. , p 209. ). --There is evidently an error inyour note respecting the death of Bishop Hesketh, but it is one commonto all the lists of Manx bishops to which I have access. You state thathe died in 1510: it is certain that he was living in 1520. 

He was a son of Robert Hesketh, of Rufford, co. Lanc. , and his brotherRichard Hesketh, "learned in the lawe, " and who is stated by Kimber tohave been Attorney-General to King Hen. VIII. , {410} by his will, dated15th August, 1520, appointed his "trusty brethren Hugh, bishopp ofManne, and Thomas Hesketh, esquier, " executors, and proceeded:

 "I wyll that the said Bishopp shall haue a goblett of syluer w't a couir, and my said brothir Thomas to haue a pouncid bool of syluer, a counterpoynt, and a cordyn gemnete bedde w't the hangings, a paire of fustyan blanketts, and a paire of shetys, and a fether bedde that lyeth uppon the same bedde, for their labours. "

So that the vacancy, if there really was any, between his death and theconsecration of Bishop Stanley, is much less than is generally supposed. 

H. A. 

 [Our authority for the date of Bishop Hesketh's death was Bishop Hildesley's MS. List of the Manx bishops, which he presented to the British Museum, and which appears to have been carefully compiled. His words are, "Huan Hesketh died 1510, and was buried in his cathedral of St. Germans in Peel. " It is clear, however, there is an error somewhere, which did not escape the notice of William Cole, the Cambridge antiquary; for in his MS. Collections, vol. Xxvi. P. 24. , he has the following entry:--"Huan Hesketh was living 13 Henry VIII. , 1531, at which time Thomas Earl of Derby appointed, among others, Sir Hugh Hesketh, Bishop of Man, to be one of his executors. (See Collins's _Peerage_, vol. Ii. P. 33. ) Wolsey was appointed supervisor of the will, and is in it called Lord Chancellor: he was so made 1516, which proves that he was alive after 1510. The will of Richard Hesketh, Esq. --to be buried in his chapel at Rufford: executors, Hugh Hesketh, Bishop of Man, his brother; and Thomas Hesketh, Esq. --was proved Nov. 13, 1520. (In _Reg. Manwaring_, 3. ) He continued bishop, I presume, forty-three years, from 1487 to 1530. It is plain he was so thirty-four years. "]

_Form of Prayer for Prisoners. _--

 "It is not, perhaps, generally known, that we have a form of prayer for prisoners, which is printed in the Irish Common Prayer-Book, though not in ours. Mrs. Berkeley, in whose preface of prefaces to her son's poems I first saw this mentioned, regrets the omission; observing, that the very fine prayer for those under sentence of death, might, being read by the children of the poor, at least keep them from the gallows. The remark is just. "--Southey's _Omniana_, vol. I. P. 50. 

What Irish Common Prayer-Book is here meant? I have the books issued bythe late Ecclesiastical History Society, but do not see the serviceamong them. Could the prayer referred to be transferred to "N. & Q. ;" orwhere is the said Irish Prayer-Book to be found?

THOMAS LAWRENCE. 

Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

 [The Book of Common Prayer according to the use of the Church of Ireland, we believe, may frequently be met with. An edition in folio, 1740, is in the British Museum, containing "The Form of Prayer for the Visitation of Prisoners, treated upon by the Archbishops and Bishops, and the rest of the Clergy of Ireland, and agreed upon by Her Majesty's License in their Synod, holden at Dublin in the Year 1711. " We are inclined to think that Mrs. Berkeley must have intended its beautiful exhortation--not the prayer--for the use of the poor. See "N. & Q. , " Vol. Vi. , p. 246. ]

 * * * * *

REPLIES. 

EDMUND SPENSER, AND SPENSERS, OR SPENCERS, OF HURSTWOOD. 

(Vol. Vii. , pp. 303. 362. )

Without entering on the question as to possible connexion of the poetwith the family above mentioned, the discussion may be simplified bysolving a difficulty suggested by CLIVIGER (p. 362. ), arising fromHurstwood Hall (_another estate in Hurstwood_) having been possessed byTownley, and by explaining, 1st, The identity of the tenement once ownedby Spencers; 2ndly, The seeming cause of Whitaker's silence; and, 3rdly, The certainty of possession by the Spencers. 

I. The former estate of the Spencers in Hurstwood is a tenement whichwas purchased by the late Rev. John Hargreaves from the representativesof William Ormerod, of Foxstones, in Cliviger, in 1803, and which hadbeen conveyed in 1690, by John Spencer, then of Marsden, to OliverOrmerod of Hurstwood, and his son Laurence; the former of these beingyoungest son, by a second marriage, of Peter Ormerod of Ormerod, andco-executor of his will in 1650. So much for the locality. 

II. As for Dr. Whitaker's silence, I know, from correspondence with him(1808-1816), that, from an irregularity in the Prerogative Office, hewas not aware of this will, and uninformed as to this second marriage, or the connexion of this purchaser's family with the parent house; and Ithink it as probable that he was as unaware of the ancient possession ofthe purchased tenement by Spencers, as it is certain that this theory asto the connexion of the poet with it was _then_ unknown. If otherwise, he would doubtless have extended his scale, and included it. 

III. As to the certainty of possession by Spencers, I have briefextracts from deeds as to this tenement as follows:--

1677. Indenture of covenants for a fine, between _John Spencer theelder_, and Oliver Ormerod of Cliviger, and note of fine. 

1687. Will of same _John Spencer_, late of Hurstwood, mentioningpossession of this tenement as the inheritance of his_great-grandfather_, _Edmund Spencer_. 

1689. Family arrangements of _John Spencer_ (the son) as to sametenement, then in occupation of "Oliver Ormeroyde" before mentioned. 

{411}1690. Conveyance from _John Spencer_ to O. And L. O. , as beforementioned. 

In _Gentleman's Magazine_, August, 1842 (pp. 141, 142. ), will be foundnumerous notices of these Spen_c_ers or Spen_s_ers, with identifiedlocalities from registers. 

I think that this explanation will solve the difficulty suggested byCLIVIGER. On the main question I have not grounds sufficient for anopinion, but add a reference to _Gentleman's Magazine_, March, 1848, p. 286. , for a _general objection_ by MR. CROSSLEY, President of theChetham Society, who is well acquainted with the locality. 

LANCASTRIENSIS. 

I was about to address some photographic Queries to the correspondentsof "N. & Q. " when a note caught my attention relating to Edmund Spenser(in the Number dated March 26. ). The Mr. F. F. Spenser mentioned thereinwas related to me, being my late father's half-brother. I regret to saythat he died very suddenly at Manchester, Nov. 2, 1852. During hislifetime, he took much pains to clear up the doubts about the localityof the poet's retirement, and his relatives in the North; and has madeout a very clear case, I imagine. On a visit to Yorkshire in 1851, Ispent a few days with him, and took occasion to urge the necessity ofarranging the mass of information he had accumulated on the subject;which I have no doubt he would have done, had not his sudden deathoccurred to prevent it. These facts may be of some interest tobiographers of the poet, and with this object I have ventured to troubleyou with this communication. 

J. B. SPENCER. 

11. Montpellier Road, Blackheath. 

 * * * * *

THROWING OLD SHOES FOR LUCK. 

(Vol. Ii. , p. 196. ; Vol. V. , p. 413. ; Vol. Vii. , pp. 193. 288. )

I do not know whether you will permit me to occupy a small portion ofyour valuable space in an attempt to suggest an origin of the custom ofthrowing an old shoe after a newly married bride. 

Your correspondents assume that the old shoe was thrown after the bride_for luck_, and for luck only. I doubt whether it was so in its origin. 

Among barbarous nations, all transfers of property, all assertions andrelinquishments of rights of dominion, were marked by some externalceremony or rite; by which, in the absence of written documents, thememory of the vulgar might be impressed. When, among Scandinaviannations, land was bought or sold, a turf was delivered by the trader tothe purchaser: and among the Jews, and probably among other orientalnations, a shoe answered the same purpose. 

In Psalm lx. , beginning with "O God, thou hast cast me off, " thereoccurs the phrase, "Moab is my washpot, over Edom have I cast out myshoe. " Immediately after it occurs the exclamation, "O God! who has castus off!" A similar passage occurs in Psalm cix. 

By this passage I understand the Psalmist to mean, that God wouldthoroughly cast off Edom, and cease to aid him in war or peace. Thisinterpretation is consistent with the whole tenor of the Psalm. 

The receiving of a shoe was an evidence and symbol of asserting oraccepting dominion or ownership; the giving back a shoe, the symbol ofrejecting or resigning it. 

Among the Jews, the brother of a childless man was bound to marry hiswidow: or, at least, he "had the refusal of her, " and the lady could notmarry again till her husband's brother had formally rejected her. Theceremony by which this rejection was performed took place in open court, and is mentioned in Deut. Xxv. If the brother publicly refused her, "sheloosed his shoe from off his foot, and spat in his face;" or, as greatHebraists translate it, "spat before his face. " _His_ giving up the shoewas a symbol that _he_ abandoned all dominion over her; and _her_spitting before _him_ was a defiance, and an assertion of independence. This construction is in accordance with the opinions of Michaelis, asstated in his _Laws of Moses_, vol. Ii. P. 31. 

This practice is still further illustrated by the story of Ruth. Hernearest kinsman refused to marry her, and to redeem her inheritance: hewas publicly called on so to do by Boaz, and as publicly refused. Andthe Bible adds, "as it was the custom in Israel concerning changing, that a man plucked off his shoe and delivered it to his neighbour, " thekinsman plucked off his shoe and delivered it to Boaz as a publicrenunciation of Ruth, of all dominion over her, and of his right ofpre-marriage. 

These ceremonies were evidently not unknown to the early Christians. When the Emperor Wladimir made proposals of marriage to the daughter ofRaguald, she refused him, saying, "That she would not take off her shoeto the son of a slave. "

There is a passage in _Gregory of Tours_ (c. 20. ) where, speaking ofespousals, he says, "The bridegroom having given a ring to the fiancée, presents her with a shoe. "

From Michelet's _Life of Luther_ we learn, that the great reformer wasat the wedding of Jean Luffte. After supper, he conducted the bride tobed, and told the bridegroom that, according to common custom, he oughtto be master in his own house _when_ his wife was not there: and for asymbol, he took off the husband's shoe, and put it upon the head of thebed--"afin qu'il prit ainsi la domination et gouvernement. "

{412}I would suggest for the consideration of your correspondents that thethrowing a shoe after a bride was a symbol of renunciation of dominionand authority over her by her father or guardian; and the receipt of theshoe by the bridegroom, even if accidental, was an omen that thatauthority was transferred to him. 

JOHN THRUPP. 

Surbiton. 

 * * * * *

ORKNEYS IN PAWN. 

(Vol. Vii. , pp. 105. 183. )

That the Orkney and Zetland Islands were transferred by Denmark toScotland in 1468, in pledge for payment of part of the dower of thePrincess of Denmark, who was married to James III. , King of Scotland, under right of redemption by Denmark, is an admitted historic fact; butit is asserted by the Scottish, and denied by the Danish historians, that Denmark renounced her right of redemption of these Islands. Thequestion is fully discussed, with references to every work and passagetreating of the matter, in the first introductory note to the edition of_The General Grievances and Oppressions of the Isles of Orkney andShetland_, published at Edinburgh, 1836. And the writer of the note isled to the conclusion that there was no renunciation, and that Denmarkstill retains her right of redemption. Mr. Samuel Laing, in his _Journalof a Residence in Norway_, remarks, that the object of Torfæus'historical work, _Orcades, seu Rerum Orcadensium Historiæ libri tres_, compiled by the express command of Christian V. , King of Denmark, was tovindicate the right of the Danish monarch to redeem the mortgage of thesovereignty of these islands; and he adds, that in 1804, Bonaparte, in aproclamation addressed to the army assembled at Boulogne for theinvasion of England, descanted on the claim of Denmark to this portionof the British dominions. In a note he has the farther statement, thatin 1549 an assessment for paying off the sum for which Orkney andZetland were pledged was levied in Norway by Christian III. (_Vide_Laing's _Norway_, 1837, pp. 352, 353. ) From the preceding notice, itwould appear, that Denmark never renounced her right of redemption, nowmerely a matter of antiquarian curiosity. And it is pertinent tomention, that the connexion of Orkney and Zetland was with Norway, notDenmark. I observe in the Catalogue of MSS. , in the Cottonian Library inthe British Museum (Titus C. VII. Art. 71. F. 134. ), "Notes on King ofDenmark's Demand of the Orcades, 1587-8, " which may throw some light onthe matter. 

In the historical sketch given by Broctuna, Kenneth II. , King ofScotland, is said to have taken the Orkneys from the Picts A. D. 838; andthat they remained attached to that kingdom till 1099, when Donald Bain, in recompense of aid given to him by Magnus, King of Norway, gifted allthe Scotch isles, including the Orkneys, to Norway. This is not what isunderstood to be the history of Orkney. 

In the middle of the ninth century, Harold Harfager, one of the reguliof Norway, subdued the other petty rulers, and made himself king of thewhole country. The defeated party fled to Orkney, and other islands ofthe west: whence, betaking themselves to piracy, they returned to ravagethe coast of Norway. Harold pursued them to their places of refuge, andconquered and colonised Orkney about A. D. 875. The Norwegians at thattime destroyed or expelled the race then inhabiting these islands. Theyare supposed to have been Picts, and to have received Christianity at anearlier date, but it is doubtful if there were Christians in Orkney atthat period: however, Depping says expressly, that Earl Segurd, thesecond Norwegian earl, expelled the Christians from these isles. I mayremark, that the names of places in Orkney and Zetland are Norse, andbear descriptive and applicable meanings in that tongue; but hesitate toextend these names beyond the Norwegian colonisation, and to connectthem with the Picts or other earlier inhabitants. No argument can befounded on the rude and miserable subterraneous buildings called Picts'houses, which, if they ever were habitations, or anything else thanplaces of refuge, must have belonged to a people in a very low grade ofcivilisation. Be this as it may, Orkney and Zetland remained under theNorwegian dominion from the time of Harold Harfager till they weretransferred to Scotland by the marriage treaty in 1468, a period ofabout six hundred years. What cannot easily be accounted for, is thediscovery of two Orkney and Zetland deeds of the beginning of thefifteenth century prior to the transfer, written not in Norse, but inthe Scottish language. 

R. W. 

 * * * * *

HOGARTH'S PICTURES. 

(Vol. Vii. , p. 339. )

The numerous and interesting inquiries of AN AMATEUR respecting acatalogue of Hogarth's works has brought to my recollection thediscovery of one of them, which I was so fortunate as to see in itsoriginal situation. About the year 1815 I was invited by a friend, whowas an artist, to visit a small public-house in Leadenhall Street, tosee a picture by Hogarth: it was "The Elephant, " since, I believe, pulled down, being in a ruinous condition. In the tap-room, on the wall, almost obscured by the dirt and smoke, and grimed by the rubbing ofnumberless foul jackets, was an indisputable picture by the renownedHogarth. It represented the meeting of the committee of the {413} SouthSea Company, and doubtless the figures were all portraits. It waspainted in his roughest manner; but every head was stamped with thatcharacter for which he stood unrivalled. I have since heard that, whenthe house was pulled down, this picture was sold as one of the lots, inthe sale of furniture, and bought by a dealer. It was painted on thewall, like a fresco; and how to remove it was the difficulty. Onsounding the wall it was found to be lath and plaster, with timberframework (the usual style of building in the reign of Elizabeth). Itwas therefore determined to cut it out in substance, which wasaccordingly performed; and by the help of chisels, thin crowbars, andother instruments, it was safely detached. The plaster was then removedfrom the back down to the priming, and the picture was backed withstrong canvas. It was then cleaned from all its defilement, and, onbeing offered for sale at a good price, was bought by a nobleman, whosename I have not heard, and is now in his collection. 

I do not know whether your correspondent has heard of Hogarth's portraitof Fielding. The story, as I have heard or read it, is asfollows:--Hogarth and Garrick sitting together after dinner, Hogarth waslamenting there was no portrait of Fielding, when Garrick said, "I thinkI can make his face. "--"Pray, try my dear Davy, " said the other. Garrickthen made the attempt, and so well did he succeed, that Hogarthimmediately caught the likeness, and exclaimed with exultation, "Now Ihave him: keep still, my dear Davy. " To work he went with pen and ink, and the likeness was finished by their mutual recollections. This sketchhas been engraved from the original drawing, and is preserved amongseveral original drawings and prints in the _illustrated_ copy ofLysons's _Environs_, vol. I. P. 544. , in the King's Library, BritishMuseum. 

While I am writing about unnoticed pictures by what may be called_erratic_ artists, I may mention that in the parlour of the "King'sHead, " corner of New Road and Hampstead Road, on the panel of acupboard, is a half-length of a farmer's boy, most probably the work ofG. Morland, who visited this house on his way to Hampstead, and probablypaid his score by painting this picture; which is well known to havebeen his usual way of paying such debts. 

E. G. BALLARD. 

Agreeably to the suggestion of AN AMATEUR, I beg to send you thefollowing list of pictures, from a catalogue in my possession:

 CATALOGUE of the Pictures and Prints, the property of the late Mrs. Hogarth, deceased, sold by Mr. Greenwood, the Golden Head, Leicester Square, Saturday, April 24, 1790. 

_Pictures by Mr. Hogarth. _

 41. Two portraits of Ann and Mary Hogarth. 42. A daughter of Mr. Rich the comedian, finely coloured. 43. The original portrait of Sir James Thornhill. 44. The heads of six servants of Mr. Hogarth's family. 45. His own portrait--a head. 46. A ditto--a whole-length painting. 47. A ditto, Kit Kat, with the favourite dog, exceeding fine. 48. Two portraits of Lady Thornhill and Mrs. Hogarth. 49. The first sketch of the Rake's Progress. 50. A ditto of the altar of Bristol Church. 51. The Shrimp Girl--a sketch. 52. Sigismunda. 53. A historical sketch, by Sir James Thornhill. 54. Two sketches of Lady Pembroke and Mr. John Thornhill. 55. Three old pictures. 56. The bust of Sir Isaac Newton, terra cotta. 57. Ditto of Mr. Hogarth, by Roubilliac. 58. Ditto of the favourite dog, and cast of Mr. Hogarth's hand. 

W. D. HAGGARD. 

 * * * * *

PHANTOM BELLS AND LOST CHURCHES. 

(Vol. Vii. , pp. 128. 200. 328. )

In a little brochure entitled _Christmas, its History and Antiquity_, published by Slater, London, 1850, the writer says that--

 "In Berkshire it is confidently asserted, that if any one watches on Christmas Eve he will hear _subterranean bells_; and in the mining districts the workmen declare that at this sacred season high mass is performed with the greatest solemnity on that evening in the mine which contains the most valuable lobe of ore, which is supernaturally lighted up with candles in the most brilliant manner, and the service changed by unseen choristers. "--P. 46. 

The poet Uhland has a beautiful poem entitled _Die Verlorne Kirche_. Lord Lindsay says:

 "I subjoin, in illustration of the symbolism, and the peculiar emotions born of Gothic architecture, _The Lost Church_ of the poet Uhland, founded, I apprehend, on an ancient tradition of the Sinaitic peninsula. "--_Sketches of Christian Art. _

I give the first stanza of his translation:

 "Oft in the forest far one hears A passing sound of distant bells; Nor legends old, nor human wit, Can tell us whence the music swells. From the _Lost Church_ 'tis thought that soft Faint ringing cometh on the wind: Once many pilgrims trod the path, But no one now the way can find. "

See also _Das Versunkene Kloster_, by the same sweet poet, commencing:

 "Ein Kloster ist versunken Tief in den wilden See. "

After Port Royal (in the West Indies) was submerged, at the close of theseventeenth century, sailors in those parts for many years had {414}stories of anchoring in the chimneys and steeples, and would declarethey heard the church bells ringing beneath the water, agitated by thewaves or spirits of the deep. 

The case of the Round Towers seen in Lough Neagh, I need not bringforward, as no sound of bells has ever been heard from them. 

There is one _lost church_ so famous as to occur to the mind of everyreader, I mean that of the Ten Tribes of Israel. After the lapse ofthousands of years, we have here an historical problem, which time, perhaps, will never solve. We have a less famous, but still mostinteresting, instance of a lost church in Greenland. Soon after theintroduction of Christianity, about the year 1000, a number of churchesand a monastery were erected along the east coast of Greenland, and abishop was ordained for the spiritual guidance of the colony. For somefour hundred years an intercourse was maintained between this colony andNorway and Denmark. In the year 1406 the last bishop was sent over toGreenland. Since then the colony _has not been heard of_. Many have beenthe attempts to recover this lost church of East Greenland, but hithertoin vain. 

I could send you a Note on a cognate subject, but I fear it would occupytoo much of your space, --that of _Happy Isles_, or _Islands of theBlessed_. The tradition respecting these happy isles is verywide-spread, and obtains amongst nearly every nation of the globe; itis, perhaps, a relic of a primeval tradition of Eden. Some have caughtglimpses of these isles, and some more favoured mortals have evenlanded, and returned again with senses dazzled at the ravishing sightsthey have seen. But in every case after these rare favours, these mysticlands have remained invisible as before, and the way to them has beensought for in vain. Such are the tales told with reverent earnestness, and listened to with breathless interest, not only by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans of old, but by the Irishman, the Welshman, theHindoo, and the Red Indian of to-day. 

EIRIONNACH. 

 * * * * *

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES. 

_Photographic Collodion_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 314. ). --In a formercommunication I pointed out the wide differences in the variousmanipulations prescribed for making the photographic _gun cotton_ byseveral photographers: differences most perplexing to persons of smallleisure, and who are likely to lose half the opportunities of aphotographic season, whilst puzzling over these diversities ofproceeding. Suffer me now to entreat some one to whom all may look up(perhaps your kind and experienced correspondent DR. DIAMOND will dothis service, so valuable to young photographers) to clear up thedifferences I will now "make a note of, " viz. As to the amount of dryphotographic gun cotton to be used in forming the prepared collodion. 

On comparing various authors, and _reducing_ their directions to astandard of _one ounce of ether_, I find the following differences:viz. , DR. DIAMOND (Vol. Vi. , p. 277. ) prescribes _about_ three grains ofgun cotton; Mr. Hennah (_Directions, &c. _, p. 5. ) about seven grains;the Count de Montizon (_Journ. Of Phot. Soc. _, p. 23. ) eight grains;whilst Mr. Bingham (_Supplement to Phot. Manip. _, p. 2. ) directs about_thirty-four_ grains! in each case to a single ounce of ether. 

These differences are too wide to come within even Mr. Archer's "longrange, " that "the proportions . .. Must depend entirely upon the strengthand the thickness required . .. The skill of the operator and the seasonof the year. " (Archer's _Manual_, p. 17. )

COKELY. 

_Filtering Collodion. _--Count de Montizon, in his valuable paper on thecollodion process, published in the second number of the _Journal of thePhotographic Society_, objects to filtration on the ground that thesilver solution is often injured by impurities contained in the paper. It may be worth while to state, that lime, and other impurities, may beremoved by soaking the filter for a day or two, before it is used, inwater acidulated with nitric acid; after which it should be washed withhot water and dried. 

T. D. EATON. 

_Photographic Notes_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 363. ). --I wish to correct an errorin my communication in "N. & Q. " of April 9: in speaking of "a more_even_ film, " I meant a film more _evenly sensitive_. I am sorry I havemisled MR. SHADBOLT as to my meaning. I have very rarely any "spottings"in my pictures; but I always drop the plates once or twice into thebath, after the two minutes' immersion, to wash off any loose particles. I also drain off all I can of the nitrate of silver solution beforeplacing the glass in the camera, and for three reasons:--1. Because itsaves material; 2. Because the lower part of dark frame is kept freefrom liquid; 3. Because a "flowing sheet" of liquid must interferesomewhat with the passage of light to the film, and consequently withthe sharpness of the picture. I think it is clear, from MR. SHADBOLT'Sdirections to MR. MERITT, that it is no very easy thing to cement aglass bath with marine glue. 

J. L. SISSON. 

_Colouring Collodion Pictures_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 388. ). --In your impressionof April 16, there is a typographical error of some importance relativeto lifting the collodion in and out of the bath: "The plate, after beingplunged in, should be allowed to repose quietly from twenty to thirty_minutes_, " &c. This should be _seconds_. The error arose, in all {415}probability, from my having used the contractions 20" to 30". 

It may appear somewhat droll for any one to answer a question on whichhe has _not_ had experience; but I beg to offer as a _suggestion_ to PHOTO, that if he wishes to use collodion pictures for the purpose ofdissolving views, he should first copy them in the camera as transparentobjects so as to _reverse_ the light and shade, then varnish them withDR. DIAMOND'S solution of amber in chloroform, when they will bear theapplication of transparent colours ground in varnish, such as are usedfor painting magic-lantern slides. 

GEO. SHADBOLT. 

_Gutta Percha Baths_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 314. ). --In "N. & Q. " for March 26, Iventured to recommend to H. HENDERSON gutta percha, as a material fornitrate of silver baths. I did this from a knowledge that hundreds ofthem were in use, but chiefly because I have found them answer so well. In the same Number the Editor gives MR. HENDERSON very opposite advice;and, had I seen his opinion before my notes appeared, I should certainlyhave kept them back. But it is, I think, a matter of some importance, especially to beginners, to have it settled, whether gutta percha hasthe effect of causing "unpleasant markings" in collodion pictures ornot. With all due deference to the Editor's opinion, I do not believethat gutta percha baths are injurious to the finished picture. I havenever any markings in my glass positives now, but what may be tracedwith certainty to some unevenness in the film or dirtiness on the glass. And I hope that the number of beginners who are using gutta perchabaths, and who are troubled with these unpleasant markings (as allbeginners are, whether they use glass or gutta percha), will not, without some very careful experiments, lay the fault upon the guttapercha. In the Number for April 2, the Editor thanks me for what he ispleased to call "the very beautiful specimen of _my skill_. " This was asmall glass positive, which I sent him in accordance with an offer ofmine in a former note. Now, _that_ was rendered sensitive in a guttapercha bath, which I have had in use for months; and I think I mayappeal to the Editor as to the absence of all unpleasant markings in it. Probably it may be a good plan for those who make the baths forthemselves to adopt the following simple method of cleaning them atfirst. Fill the bath with water, changing it every day for a week or so. Then wash it with strong nitric acid, and wash once or twice afterwards. Always keep the nitrate of silver solution in the bath, with a coverover it. Never filter, unless there is a great deal of extraneous matterat the bottom. If glass baths are used, cemented together withsealing-wax, &c. , I imagine they might be as objectionable as guttapercha. The number of inquiries for a diagram of my head-rest, &c. , fromall parts of the kingdom--Glasgow, Paisley, Manchester, Leicester, Leeds, Newcastle, Durham, &c. &c. --proves the very large number ofphotographic subscribers "N. & Q. " possesses. I think, therefore, itcannot but prove useful to discuss in its pages the question of theadvantage or disadvantage of gutta percha. 

J. L. SISSON. 

Edingthorpe Rectory, North Walsham. 

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REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES. 

_Pilgrimages to the Holy Land_ (Vol. V. , p. 289. ). --I beg to inform W. M. R. E. (Vol. Vii. , p. 341. ) that, though I have never met with aprinted copy of the "Itinerary to the Holy Land" of _GabrieleCapodilista_ (the Perugia edition of 1472, mentioned by Brunet, beingundoubtedly a book of very great rarity, and perhaps the only one everprinted), I have in my possession a very beautiful manuscript of thework on vellum, which appears to have been presented by the author tothe nuns of St. Bernardino of Padua. It is a small folio; and the firstpage is illuminated in a good Italian style of the fifteenth century. Itis very well written in the Venetian dialect, and commences thus:

 "Venerabilibus ac Devotissimis D[=n]e Abbatissæ et Monialibus Ecclesiæ Sancti Bernardini de Padua salut[=e] in D[=NO]. --Ritrovandomi ne li tempi in questa mia opereta descripti, Io Gabriel Capodelista Cavalier Padoano dal su[=m]o Idio inspirato et dentro al mio cor concesso fermo proposito di vistare personalmente el Sanctissimo loco di Jerusalem, " &c. 

This MS. , which was formerly in the library of the Abbati Canonici, Ipurchased, with others, at Venice in 1835. 

If W. M. R. E. Has any wish to see it, and will communicate such wish tome through the medium of the publisher of "N. & Q. , " I shall be happy togratify his curiosity. I do not know whether there is any MS. OfCapodilista's Itinerary in the British Museum. 

W. SNEYD. 

"_A Letter to a Convocation Man_" (Vol vii. , p. 358. ). --The authorshipof the tract concerning which MR. FRASER inquires, is assigned to SirBartholomew Shower, not by the Bodleian Catalogue only, but also by SirWalter Scott, in his edition of the Somers' _Tracts_ (vol. Ix. P. 411. ), as well as by Dr. Watt, in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_. The onlyauthorities for ascribing it to Dr. Binckes which I have been able todiscover, are Dr. Edmund Calamy, in his _Life and Times_ (vol. I. P. 397. ), and the Rev. Thomas Lathbury, in his _History of the Convocationof the Church of England_ (p. 283. ); but neither of those authors givesthe source from which his information is {416} derived: and Mr. Lathbury, who appears perfectly unaware that the tract had ever beenascribed to Sir Bartholomew Shower, a lawyer, remarks: "It is worthy ofobservation that the author of the _letter_ professes to be a lawyer, though such was not the case, Dr. Binckes being a clergyman. " Dr. Kennett also, in his _Ecclesiastical Synods_, p. 19. , referred to by Mr. Lathbury, speaking of Archbishop Wake's reply, says: "I remember onelittle prejudice to it, that it was wrote by a divine, whereas theargument required an able lawyer; and the very writer of the _Letter toa Convocation Man_ suggesting himself to be of that profession, therewas the greater equity, there should be the like council of one side asthere had been of the other. "--It has occurred to me that the mistake ofassigning the tract to Dr. Binckes may possibly have been occasioned bythe circumstance that another tract, with the following title, publishedin 1701, has the initials W. B. At the end of it, --_A Letter to aConvocation Man, by a Clergyman in the Country_. I have examined bothtracts, and they are quite different, and leave no appearance of havingproceeded from the same hand. 

TYRO. 

Dublin. 

_King Robert Bruce's Coffin-plate_ (Vol vii. , p. 356. ) was a modernforgery, but not discovered to be so, of course, until after publicationof the beautiful engraving of it in the _Transactions of the ScottishSociety of Antiquaries_, which was made at the expense of, and presentedto the Society by, the barons of the Exchequer. 

I believe that a notice of the forgery was published in a subsequentvolume. 

W. C. TREVELYAN. 

_Eulenspiegel or Howleglas_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 357. ). --The following extractfrom my note-book may be of use:

 "The German Rogue, or the Life and Merry Adventures, Cheats, Stratagems, and Contrivances of Tiel Eulenspiegle. 

 'Let none Eulenspiegle's artifices blame, For Rogues of every country are the same. '

 London, printed in the year MDCCIX. The only copy of this edition I ever saw was one which had formerly belonged to Ritson, and which I purchased of Thomas Rodd, but afterwards relinquished to my old friend Mr. Douce. "

This copy, therefore, is no doubt now in the Bodleian. I have neverheard of any other. 

While on the subject of Eulenspiegel, I would call your correspondent'sattention to some curious remarks on the Protestant and Romanistversions of it in the _Quarterly Review_, vol. Xxi. P. 108. 

I may also take this opportunity of informing him that a very cleverlyillustrated edition of it was published by Scheible of Stuttgart in1838, and that a passage in the _Hettlingischen Sassenchronik_(Caspar Abel's Sammlung, p. 185. ), written in 1455, goes to prove thatDyll Ulnspiegel, as the wag is styled in the Augsburgh edition of 1540, is no imaginary personage, inasmuch as under the date of 1350 thechronicler tells of a very grievous pestilence which raged through thewhole world, and that "dosulfest sterff Ulenspeygel to Möllen. "

I am unable to answer the Query respecting Murner's visit to England. The most complete account of his life and writings is, I believe, thatprefixed by Scheible to his edition of Murner's _Narrenbeschwörung_, andhis satirical dissertation _Ob der König von England ein Lügner sey, oder der Luther_. 

WILLIAM J. THOMS. 

_Sir Edwin Sadleir_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 357. ). --Sir Edwin Sadleir, of TempleDinsley, in the county of Hertford, Bart. , was the third son of SirEdwin Sadleir (created a baronet by Charles II. ), by Elizabeth, daughterof Sir Walter Walker, Knt. , LL. D. His elder brothers having died ininfancy, he succeeded, on his father's death in 1672, to his honour andestates, and subsequently married Mary, daughter and coheiress of JohnLorymer, citizen and apothecary of London, and widow of William Croone, M. D. This lady founded the algebra lectures at Cambridge, and alsolectures in the College of Physicians and the Royal Society. (SeeChauncy's _Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire_, folio edit. , 397, or 8vo. Edit. , ii. 179, 180. ; Ward's _Lives of the Gresham Professors_, 322. 325. ; Sir Ralph Sadler's _State Papers_, ii. 610. ; Weld's _Historyof the Royal Society_, i. 289. ) In the Sadler State Papers, Sir EdwinSadleir is stated to have died 30th September, 1706: but that was thedate of Lady Sadleir's death; and, according to Ward, Sir Edwin Sadleirsurvived her. He died without issue, and thereupon the baronetcy becameextinct. 

C. H. COOPER. 

Cambridge. 

_Belfry Towers separate from the Body of the Church_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 333. ). --The tower of the parish church of Llangyfelach, inGlamorganshire, is raised at some little distance from the building. Inthe legends of the place, this is accounted for by a belief that thedevil, in his desire to prevent the erection of the church, carried offa portion of it as often as it was commenced; and that he was at lengthonly defeated by the two parts being built separate. 

SELEUCUS. 

In addition to the bell towers unconnected with the church, noticed in"N. & Q. " (Vol. Vii. , p. 333. ), I beg to call the attention of J. S. A. To those of Woburn in Bedfordshire, and Henllan in Denbighshire. Thetower of the former church stands at six yards distance from it, and isa small square building with large buttresses and four pinnacles: it{417} looks picturesque, from being entirely covered with ivy. Thetower, or rather the steeple, at Henllan, near Denbigh, is still moreremarkable, from its being built on the top of a hill, and looking downupon the church, which stands in the valley at its foot. 

CAMBRENSIS. 

_God's Marks_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 134. ). --These are probably the "yellowspots" frequently spoken of in old writings, as appearing on thefinger-nails, the hands, and elsewhere, before death. (See Brand's_Popular Ant. _, vol. Iii. P. 177. , Bohn's edit. ) In Denmark they wereknown under the name _Döding-knib_ (dead man's nips, ghost-pinches), andtokened the approaching end of some friend or kinsman. Another Danishname was _Dödninge-pletter_ (dead man's spots); and in Holberg's _PederPaars_ (book i. Song, 4. ) _Dödning-knæp_. See S. Aspach, _Dissertatio deVariis Superstitionibus_, 4to. , Hafniæ, 1697, p. 7. , who says they areof scorbutic origin; and F. Oldenburg, _Om Gjenfærd ellen Gjengangere_, 8vo. , Kjöbenhavn, 1818, p. 23. 

GEORGE STEPHENS. 

Copenhagen. 

"_The Whippiad_" (Vol. Vii. , p. 393. ). --The mention of _The Whippiad_ byB. N. C. Brought to my recollection a MS. Copy of that satire in thislibrary, and now lying before me, with the autograph of "Snelson, Trin. Coll. Oxon. , 1802. " There are notes appended to this copy of the verses, and not knowing where to look in _Blackwood's Magazine_ for the satire, or having a copy at hand in order to ascertain if the notes are printedthere also, or whether they are only to be found in the MS. , perhapsyour correspondent B. N. C. Will have the goodness to state if theprinted copy has notes, because, if there are none, I would copy out forthe "N. & Q. " those that are written in the MS. , as no doubt they wouldbe found interesting and curious by all who value whatever fell from thepen of the highly-gifted Reginald Heber. 

Perhaps the notes may be the elucidations of some college cotemporary, and not written by Heber. 

J. M. 

Sir R. Taylor's Library, Oxford. 

_The Axe that beheaded Anne Boleyn_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 332. ). --In Brittonand Brayley's _Memoirs of the Tower of London_, they mention (indescribing the Spanish Armoury) the axe which tradition says beheadedAnne Boleyn and the Earl of Essex; but a foot-note is added from Stow's_Chronicle_, stating that the _hangman_ cut off the head of Anne withone stroke of his _sword_. 

THOS. LAWRENCE. 

Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

_Palindromical Lines_ (Vol. Vii. , pp. 178. 366. ). --Besides the_habitats_ already given for the Greek inscription on a font, I havenotes of the like at Melton Mowbray; St. Mary's, Nottingham; in theprivate chapel at Longley Castle; and at Hadleigh. At this last place, it is noted in a church book to be taken out of Gregory Nazienzen (but Inever could find it), and a reference is made to Jeremy Taylor's _GreatExemplar_, "Discourse on Baptism, " p. 120. Sect. 17. 

It may be worth noticing that this Gregory was, for a short time, in thefourth century, bishop of Constantinople; and in the Moslemisedcathedral of St. Sophia, in that city, according to Grelot, quoted inCollier's _Dictionary_, the same words--with the difference that "sin"is put in the plural, _sic_:

 "~NIPSON ANOMÊMATA MÊ MONAN OPSIN~"--

were written in letters of gold over the place at the entrance of thechurch, between two porphyry pillars, where stood two urns of marblefilled with water, the use of which, when it was a Christian temple, must be well known. The Turks now use them for holding drinking water, and have probably done so since the time when the church was turned intoa mosque, after the conquest of Constantinople by Mahomet II. , in thefifteenth century. What could induce ZEUS (p. 366. ) to call thisinscription "sotadic?" It may more fitly be called holy. 

H. T. ELLACOMBE. 

Clyst St. George. 

These lines also are to be found on the marble basins for containingholy water, in one of the churches at Paris. 

W. C. TREVELYAN. 

The Greek inscription mentioned by Jeremy Taylor is on the font inRufford Church. 

H. A. 

_Heuristisch_ (Vol. Vii. , p. 237. ). --In reply to H. B. C. Of the U. U. Club, I beg to give the explanation of the word _heuristisch_, with itscognate terms, from Heyse's _Allgemeines Fremdwörterbuch_, 10th edition, Hanover, 1848:

 "Heuréka, gr. (von heuriskein, finden), ich hab' es gefunden, gefunden! Heuristik, _f. _ die Erfindungskunst; _heuristisch_, erfindungskünstlich, erfinderisch; heuristische Methode, entwickelnde Lehrart, welche den Schüler zum Selbstfinden der Lehrsätze anleitet. "

J. M. 

Oxford. 

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Just published, price 1s. , free by Post 1s. 4d. , THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. Translated from the French. 

Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebratedLenses for Portraits and Views. 

General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères, La Croix, andother Talbotype Papers. 

Pure Photographic Chemicals. 

Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. 

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. 

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PHOTOGRAPHY. --HORNE & CO. 'S Iodized Collodion, for obtainingInstantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. 

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival thechoicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at theirEstablishment. 

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. Used in thisbeautiful Art. --123. And 121. Newgate Street. 

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TO PHOTOGRAPHERS. --Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the practiceof Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt, Brébisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, ofWILLIAM BOLTON (formerly Dymond & Co. ), Manufacturer of pure Chemicalsfor Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on application. 

Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr. Stewart's instructions. 

146. HOLBORN BARS. 

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PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER. --Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray'sProcess. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. 

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster Row, London. 

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PHOTOGRAPHY. --Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide Of Silver). --J. B. HOCKIN & CO. , Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England whopublished the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9d. Per oz. ) retains its extraordinarysensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may beexported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. Manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with thelatest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotypeprocesses. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHSadapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and IodizedPapers, &c. 

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CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 

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Established 1824. 

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FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sumof 131, 125l. Was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying withthe different ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. On the Premiums paidduring the five years, or from 5l. To 12l. 10s. Per cent. On theSum assured. 

The small share of Profit divisible in the future among Shareholdersbeing now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all thebenefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISKOF PARTNERSHIP. 

POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at thenext Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over laterAssurers. 

On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums needbe paid for the first five years. 

INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk. 

Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud. 

Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of theSociety's Agents, or of

GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary. 

_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London. _

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AMICABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 50. Fleet Street, London. 

Incorporated by Charter of Queen Anne, A. D. 1706. 

 _Directors. _

 G. Baillie, Esq. The Hon. F. Byng. R. H. Coote, Esq. J. E. Davies, Esq. G. De Morgan, Esq. W. Everett, Esq. G. Ogle, Esq. M. B. Peacock, Esq. C. Phillips, Esq. J. Round, Esq. The Rt. Hon. Sir E. Ryan. T. Thompson. M. D. , F. R. S. 

_Physician. _--Francis Boott, M. D. , 24. Gower Street, Bedford Square. _Solicitor. _--Charles Rivington, Esq. , Fenchurch Buildings. _Bankers. _--Messrs. Goslings & Sharpe, Fleet Street. 

This Society has been established nearly a century and a half, and isthe oldest Life Assurance Institution in existence. Its principles areessentially those of Mutual Assurance, and the whole of the profits aredivided among the Members. 

Assurances are granted, if desired, without participation in Profits, atreduced rates of Premium, and upon every contingency depending on humanlife. 

The Tables of Mortality, deduced from the Society's own experience, having satisfied the Directors that the Rates of Premium on Single Livesmight be reduced with perfect safety, a new Table has accordingly beenprepared, and the terms upon which Assurances are now effected with thisOffice are shown in the subjoined extract:--

-------------------------------------------- Age. | With Profits. | Without Profits. -------------------------------------------- | £ s. D. | £ s. D. 15 | 1 15 3 | 1 11 9 20 | 1 19 7 | 1 15 8 25 | 2 4 2 | 1 19 9 30 | 2 9 9 | 2 4 9 35 | 2 16 10 | 2 11 2 40 | 3 5 0 | 2 18 6 45 | 3 15 9 | 3 8 2 50 | 4 9 9 | 4 0 9 55 | 5 8 9 | 4 17 10 60 | 6 15 0 | 6 1 6--------------------------------------------

Prospectuses and every information may be obtained at the Office. 

HENRY THOS. THOMSON, Registrar. 

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HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. Itcontains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED differentBedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-roomFurniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to rendertheir Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. 

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham CourtRoad. 

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WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. Founded A. D. 1842

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 _Directors. _

 H. E. Bicknell, Esq. W. Cabell, Esq. T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M. P. G. H. Drew, Esq. W. Evans, Esq. W. Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. H. Goodhart, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. J. Hunt, Esq. J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. E. Luens, Esq. J. Lys Seager, Esq. J. B. White, Esq. J. Carter Wood, Esq. 

 _Trustees. _

W. Whately, Esq. , Q. C. : L. C. Humfrey, Esq. , Q. C. : George Drew, Esq. 

_Physician. _--William Rich. Basham, M. D. 

_Bankers. _--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co. , Charing Cross

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. 

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporarydifficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon applicationto suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailedin the Prospectus. 

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l. With a Share inthree-fourths of the Profits:--

 Age £ s. D. 17 1 14 4 22 1 18 8 27 2 4 5 32 2 10 8 37 2 18 6 42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A. , F. R. A. S. Actuary. 

Now ready, price 10s. 6d. , Second Edition, with material additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFITBUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and LifeAssurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M. A. , Actuary to the Western LifeAssurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London. 

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BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. ClassX. , in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to allClimates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. SuperiorGold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in SilverCases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. SuperiorLever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett'sPocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 Guineas. Every Watchskilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l. , 3l. , and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. Each. 

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. 

65. CHEAPSIDE. 

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THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET, NEXT THE CLARENDON. 

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An Exhibition of Photographic Pictures

By the best English and Continental Artists will be opened at thePHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET, on THURSDAY, APRIL 28. The Collection will include a great variety of new and importantPictures recently taken by eminent Photographers, and some of the bestspecimens from the late Exhibition at the Society of Arts. --Admission6d. 

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CALOTYPE PORTRAITS. 

(_By Licence of the Patentee. _)

MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has concluded anarrangement with the Patentee, Mr. H. F. Talbot, which enables him totake Portraits by the newly-discovered Collodion Process. The advantageswhich this process offers are, --Excellence of Likeness, greatConvenience, and the opportunity of Multiplying copies of the samePortrait to any extent. These Portraits have the appearance of beautifulmezzotint engravings, with the superior accuracy which Sun-painting mustinsure. One moment suffices to obtain the likeness, and no constrainedposition is required. Hence a happy expression of face is instantlycaught, and young children may be taken without difficulty. To those whowish for several copies of the same Portrait, the Calotype offers everyfacility, as an unlimited number of impressions may be printed, by theagency of the sun, from the glass plate. These will all be exactly equalto the first, and may be had at a moderate cost. 

TO ARTISTS AND SCULPTORS. 

MR. DELAMOTTE will be happy to photograph Artist' Paintings and Statues, and supply two or more impressions as may be desired. He also undertakesto photograph, under the superintendence of the Artist, the Life Model, Costume, or any required object, and to deliver the negative plate. 

TO ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS. 

MR. DELAMOTTE is ready to enter into engagements to photograph Buildingsand Engineering Works of all kinds, either in progress or whencompleted. In illustration of the advantages to be derived by Engineersfrom Photography, MR. DELAMOTTE begs to refer to Mr. Fenton's Views ofMr. Vignolles' Bridge across the Dnieper at Kieff, and to his own viewsof the Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham. 

TO THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY. 

MR. DELAMOTTE has made arrangements which enable him to takephotographic views of Country Mansions, Ancient Castles and Ruins, Villas, Cottages, Bridges or Picturesque Scenery of any description, andto supply as many copies as may be desired. 

TO THE CLERGY. 

MR. DELAMOTTE will be happy to receive commissions to take photographicviews of Churches--either Exterior or Interiors--Rectories orSchool-houses. He will also be willing to make special arrangements forPortraits of Clergymen, when several copies of the same portrait arerequired. 

TO AMATEURS AND STUDENTS. 

MR. DELAMOTTE gives lessons in every branch of the Photographic Art, butmore especially in the Collodion Process, which he undertakes to teach, together with the best method of Printing, in Six Lessons. 

For Terms apply to MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE, Photographic Institution, 168. New Bond Street. 

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Just published, price 10s. 6d. 

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM. 

PART III. 

_Containing Four Pictures. _

 TINTERN ABBEY. By ROGER FENTON. THE BOY IN THE ARCH. By PHILIP DELAMOTTE. BURNHAM BEECHES. By ROGER FENTON. KENILWORTH CASTLE. By PHILIP DELAMOTTE. 

Parts I. And II. Are now reprinted and _good_ impressions of thepictures are guaranteed. Part IV. Will be ready in May. 

*** The Publisher apologizes for the long delay in issuing Part III. Andreprinting the two former Parts. Photographers will readily understandwhy no quantity of good impressions could have been printed during thelast four months. 

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Now ready, price 16s. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES. 

By GEORGE SHAW, Esq. (of Queen's College, Birmingham). 

_Comprising_, A MILL STREAM, A FOREST SCENE, A RUSTIC BRIDGE, A WELSH GLEN. 

These Pictures are of large size, and are very carefully printed. 

*** Should this Number meeting with the approbation of the Public, Professor Shaw will continue the Series. 

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Nearly ready, THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. 

A MANUAL for STUDENTS and AMATEURS. 

Edited by PHILIP DELAMOTTE, F. S. A. 

Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by the Collodion Process, and a Diagram of Six Colours, with its result in a Photographicimpression. 

This Manual will contain much practical information of a valuablenature. 

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Preparing for Publication, in Parts, price One Guinea each, PROGRESS OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE AT SYDENHAM. 

Exhibited in a Series of Photographic Views taken by PHILIP DELAMOTTE. 

This Work will be found of much service to Engineers and Architects, andall who are interested in the Crystal Palace. 

*** Some of these Views may be had for the Stereoscope. 

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Preparing for Publication, A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES. 

By HUGH OWEN, ESQ. (of Bristol. )

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LONDON: Published by JOSEPH CUNDALL, at the PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. 

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Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in theParish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in theParish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and published by GEORGEBELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in theWest, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Streetaforesaid. --Saturday, April 23. 1853.