BUCHANAN'S JOURNAL OF MAN. 

 VOL. I. NOVEMBER, 1887. NO. 10. 

CONTENTS OF JOURNAL OF MAN. 

 The Slow Triumph of Truth Old Industrial Education An Incomparable "Medical Outlaw" Educational. --Educational Reform in England; Dead Languages Vanishing; Higher Education of Women; Bad Sunday-School Books; Our Barbarous Orthography Critical. --European Barbarism; Boston Civilization; Monopoly; Woman's Drudgery; Christian Civilization; Walt Whitman; Temperance Scientific. --Extension of Astronomy; A New Basis for Chemistry; Chloroform in Hydrophobia; The Water Question; Progress of Homoeopathy; Round the World Quickly Glances Round the World (concluded from August) Rectification of Cerebral Science (illustrated)

THE SLOW TRIUMPH OF TRUTH. 

THE JOURNAL OF MAN does not fear to perform its duty and use plainlanguage in reference to the obstructionists who hinder the acceptanceof demonstrable sciences and prevent all fair investigation, whilethey occupy positions of influence and control in all collegiateinstitutions. 

It is not in scorn or bitterness that we should speak of this erringclass, a large number of whom are the victims of mis-education--of thehereditary policy of the colleges, which is almost as difficult tochange as a national church, or a national despotism. The young menwho enter the maelstrom of college life are generally borne along ashelpless as rowing boats in a whirlpool. It is impossible for even thestrongest minds to be exposed for years, surrounded by thecontaminating influence of falsehood, and come forth uninjured. Butwhile we pity the victims of medical colleges and old-fashioneduniversities, let us seek for our young friends institutions that haveimbibed the spirit of the present age. 

Man is essentially a spiritual being, and, even in this life, he hasmany of the spiritual capacities which are to be unfolded in thehigher life. Moreover, there are in every refined constitution a greatnumber of delicate sensibilities, which no college has everrecognized. 

There has been no concealment of these facts. They have always beenopen to observation, --more open than the facts of Geology andChemistry. Ever since the earliest dawn of civilization in Egypt, India, and Greece the facts have been conspicuous before the world, and, in ancient times, have attracted the attention of imperial andrepublican governments. And yet, the literary guild, the_incorporated_ officials of education everywhere, have refused toinvestigate such truths, and shaped their policy in accordance withthe lowest instincts of mammon, --in accordance with the policy ofkings, of priests, of soldiers, and of plutocrats; and this policy hasbeen so firmly maintained and transmitted, that there is not, to-day, a university anywhere to be found that possesses the spirit ofprogress, or is willing to open either its eyes or its ears to theillumination of nineteenth-century progress, and to the voice ofHeaven, which is "the still small voice of reason. "

"_Of the earth, earthy_" is the character of our colleges to-day as itwas in the days when Prof. Horky and his colleagues refused to lookthrough the telescope of Galileo. Is not this utter neglect ofPsychometry for forty-five years (because it has not been _forced_upon their attention) as great an evidence of perpetuated stolidity aswas the conduct of the Professors of Padua 280 years ago in shunningthe inspection of Galileo's telescope, when the demonstration has beenso often repeated that Psychometry is a far greater addition than thetelescope to the methods of science and promises a greater enlargementof science than the telescope and microscope combined. 

"_Of the earth, earthy_" is a just description of institutions whichconfine their investigations and limit their ideas of science to thatwhich is physical, when man's life, enjoyment, hopes and destiny areall above the plane on which they dwell and in which they burrow. Physical science is indeed a vast department of knowledge, but tolimit ourselves to that when a far grander realm exists, one reallymore important to human welfare, is an attempt to perpetuate asemi-barbarism, and the time is not _very_ remote in this progressiveage when the barbarism of the 19th century literature and educationwill become a familiar theme. 

The efforts of intellectual rebels to break through the restrictionsof collegiate despotism have not yet had much success, and my ownlabors would have been fruitless in that respect if I had not beenable to combine with others in establishing a more liberal college, the _Eclectic Medical Institute_ of Cincinnati, which still retainssomething of the progressive spirit of its founders. 

Simultaneously with the American rebellion against British authority, _Mesmer_ in France made an assault upon that Chinese wall of medicalbigotry which Harvey found it so hard to overcome, but although hesecured one favorable report from the Medical Academy at Paris, he wasnever admitted to an honorable recognition. Now, however, the baffledtruth has entered the citadel of professional authority and thecorrespondent of the New York Tribune tells the story as follows:

CHARCOT AVENGES MESMER. 

Under this heading the _New York Tribune_ published in September theletter of its regular correspondent at Paris, which is given below:

It shows that in the present state of imperfect civilization thenarrow-minded men who generally lead society are perfectly able tosuppress for a time any discovery which does not come from their ownclique. And when they do yield to the force of evidence and acceptextraordinary new discoveries, they either do it in a blundering andperverted manner, or they try to appropriate it as their own andcontinue to rob the pioneer thinker. 

The psychometric experiments of Drs. Bourru and Burot, Dr. Luys andothers have not been conducted in the scientific and satisfactorymanner in which I introduced them in 1841, but in the hysterical andsensational manner which is now attracting attention. 

 LETTER FROM PARIS. 

 Mesmer has been well avenged by Charcot, the great professor who fills the chair in the clinical ward of the Saltpetriere for the nervous diseases of women. Not only, indeed, has this illustrious physician shown that the charlatan whom the elder Dumas introduced with such telling effect into his novels, "La Comtesse de Charny" and "Le Docteur Balsamo, " was no mere charlatan, but a number of Charcot's disciples have proved the truth of what Dumas seemed to draw from his rich imagination. Dr. Charcot, who is a cautious man, has publicly admitted hypnotic suggestion. He thinks extraordinary curative effects, so far as the consciousness of pain goes, are to be derived from hypnotism, which is Mesmerism with a new Greek name. But he always exhorts laics not to dabble in it, and medical men to keep their hypnotic lore to themselves. This is charming after the way in which the profession of which Charcot is really a bright light treated Mesmerism. Mesmer was an empiric. But he nevertheless got at the truth. 

 Homoeopathy was tabooed because it was not orthodox, by that Sanhedrim known as the Faculty of Medicine. Animal magnetism was long ignored on the ground that charlatans had taken it up and that no doctor who had self-respect could follow them. Mesmerism was treated with no less contempt until a new name was given it, and Charcot declared that there was not only something but a good deal in it deserving the attention of scientists. 

 Dr. Luys last Tuesday made a communication to the Academy of Medicine on this subject which electrified the members present. It was on the action, both at a distance and by direct contact, of certain medicated or fermented substances on hypnotic subjects. The latter were all women who could not possibly have got their cue beforehand, and were being observed, while Dr. Luys operated, by a jury of scientists above all suspicion of having lent themselves to any trickery. Alcohol when put to the nape in a tube no larger than a homoeopathist's vial and hermetically sealed produced exactly the same effect as if imbibed at a bar. Absinthe, haschish, opium, morphine, beer, champagne, tea and coffee were in succession tried with their characteristic effects. But "the cup which cheers but not inebriates" was found too exciting for French neuropaths. Valerian caused the deepest sadness. The thoughts of the patient were centred in a grave. She was impelled irresistibly to stoop down and scratch the ground, and thought herself in a cemetery exhuming a deceased relative whom she loved. Under the illusion she fancied herself picking up bones belonging to his skeleton, which she handled with tender reverence, and when there was an imaginary mound of them formed she placed, with deep-drawn sighs and tears and genuflections, a cross above them. Under the influence of haschish everything looked rosy and gayety prevailed. The subject was a young girl, very fond of the drama. She fancied herself on the stage and playing a part which suited her to perfection. It was in a bouffe opera and she sang her score admirably. The sentiments were expressed with delicate feeling. Dr. Luys can, according to the substances he uses, run through the whole gamut of human passions and emotions. 

 What is most strange is that no trace of the fictitious world in which the hypnotized subject has been wandering, remains when real consciousness is restored. It is very rare for even the idea of having been in dreamland to survive the awakening from the hypnotic trance. Dr. Luys says that hypnotic suggestion sometimes has periods of incubation more or less long. The subject is at first gently drawn to do a certain thing or things, and then the drawing becomes an irresistible impulse. They are first as if tempted and then as if possessed. They can no more help themselves than a man who had got to the verge of Niagara Falls in a boat could help going over. 

 Dr. Roger moved that the Academy name a Commission to inquire into hypnotic suggestion, near and at a distance. Dr. Bronardel supported him. He said, "All that Dr. Luys has alleged and shown cannot fail to make a noise throughout the world. Nobody save MM. Burot and Bourru have gone so far as Dr. Luys. He not only forces on the attention of the Academy the question of hypnotism, but of persons being affected by poisonous substances which do not penetrate, or it may be even touch, their bodies. This is from a legal point of view a great danger. A great social responsibility is involved in the matter. It is the duty of the Academy to have the experiments of Dr. Luys repeated, with others that bear upon them. "

 Hypnotism, or animal magnetism, has been a little more than a hundred years despised and rejected by the doctors. It was discovered by a Viennese, Mesmer, who belonged to that curious branch of the Freemasons, the Illuminati. When he told Stoerck, the head of the Faculty of Medicine at Vienna, of his discovery, that learned owl begged him not to discredit that body by talking of anything so absurd. He persisted. Sarcasm and then persecution obliged him to go abroad, and he came to Paris in 1778. The world of fashion and the court went crazy about him. He then set up in the Palais Royal, where, it must be said, in a way that was worthy of a charlatan, he worked his discovery. M. Le Roy, of the Academy of Medicine, thought him on the scent of a great truth. But the other doctors were of the bats' eyes sort, and hunted Mesmer down. He went to stay at Creteil, where he applied his method and made his famous magnetic pail, which interested M. D'Eslon, head doctor to the Comte d'Artois--later Charles X. He wrote about the magnetic pail. The Academy of Medicine warned him to be more cautious in speaking of quack inventions, and threatened to expel him from membership if he did not retract what he had written. That body even made a new rule to this effect: "No doctor declaring himself in favor of animal magnetism, either in theory or practice, can be a member of this society. "

 Mesmer, hearing the police had their eye on him, went to Spa. But the ladies took his part with such ardor that the king named a commission to inquire into his discovery. Its members, too, were owls. They reported that "the magnetic fluid of which Mesmer speaks does not exist. " Jussieu stood out against the owls and he only. He said: "All your efforts will not prevent this truth from making its way. They can only prevent this generation from profiting by it. "

 I should add that the influence gained by the hypnotic operator remains after the subject awakes from the trance. Its action then reminds one of the characters in the legends of olden times who sold their souls to Satan. The Emperor of Brazil is very anxious to study hypnotism, or, at least, to dip into it when he comes back to Paris. 

The reader will observe in the foregoing letter and in all medicalliterature Mesmer is spoken of as a "charlatan" and "empiric. "Charlatan is an opprobrious term, but "empiric" literally means onewho follows experience instead of dogma, and should therefore be anhonorable designation; but as the medical profession has always beendogmatic, and therefore hostile to empiricism, or fidelity toexperience, it has made empiricism an opprobrious term. Dr. Mesmer wasneither an ignoramus nor a quack, but a graduated physician, althoughhis title is generally omitted. He had more enthusiasm thanphilosophy, but he was far in advance of his contemporaries, who hadneither, and deserves to be honorably remembered. 

OLD INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. 

The greatest triumph in the profession of education ever achieved byman was that of EZEKIEL RICH, of New Hampshire, born in 1784, whosesuccessful experiments at Troy, New Hampshire, were fully reported in1838 to the American Institute of Instruction, and were described inthe last edition of the "_New Education_. "

Mr. Rich demonstrated that a solid scientific, literary, moral, andindustrial education, qualifying boys and girls for a successfulbusiness life, and greatly superior to the education now given, mightbe imparted to youth while they were also sufficiently occupied in theindustrial way to _pay all their expenses_. 

This is incomparably beyond anything that even the most famousteachers have ever done, for it brings the gospel of industrialsalvation to all struggling laborers who dwell in poverty--notimmediate salvation for themselves, but salvation for their class, bymaking education free for all, and giving to the children of thepoorest laborer the opportunity of a career in which independence issure, and wealth a possibility. 

The profession of teaching, like all other professions, runs in itsfixed grooves or, as popularly expressed, its "ruts, " and it will belong ere the noble example of RICH will inspire a spirit of imitation. His exposition of his method lay almost half a century unnoticed, until I brought it before the National Educational Association. 

Upon the subject of Industrial Training, Mr. Geo. P. Morris hasresurrected an old treatise, published by Thomas Budd, in 1685, describing East and West Jersey, in which he lays down a system ofpractical education which he wished to see adopted in Pennsylvania andNew Jersey. 

He wishes a thousand acres of land given to maintain each school, freefor the poor, the rich, and the Indians--the _children being__maintained_ free of expense to parents from the profits of the school"_arising by the work of the scholars_. " They are to be occupied in"learning to read and write true English, Latine and other usefulspeeches and languages, and fair writing, arithmatick and bookkeeping;and the boys to be taught and instructed in some mystery or trade, asthe making of mathematical instruments, joynery, turnery, the makingof blocks and watches, weaving, shoemaking, or any other useful tradeor mystery that the school is capable of teaching; and the girls to betaught and instructed in spinning of flax and wool, and knitting ofgloves and stockings, sewing and making of all sorts of usefulneedlework, and the making of straw-work, as hats, baskets, etc. , orany other useful art or mystery that the school is capable ofteaching. 

 "3. That the scholars be kept in the morning two hours, at reading, writing, book-keeping, etc. , and the other two hours at work in that art, mystery, or trade that he or she _most delighteth in_, and then let them have two hours to dine and for recreation; and in the afternoon, two hours at reading, writing, etc. , and the other two hours at work at their several imployments. "

Budd quotes from a book by Andrew Yarenton an account of thespinning-schools in Germany, as follows: "In all towns there areschools for little girls, from six years old and upwards, to teachthem to spin, and to bring their tender fingers by degrees to spinvery fine; their wheels go all by the foot, made to go with much ease, whereby the action or motion is very easie and delightful. The way, method, rule, and order how they are governed is, 1st. There is alarge room, and in the middle thereof a little box like a pulpit. 2ndly, There are benches built around about the room, as they are inplayhouses; upon the benches sit about two hundred children spinning, and in the box in the middle of the room sits the grand mistress, witha long white wand in her hand, " with which she designates the idle forpunishment. 

 "They raise their children as they spin finer to the higher benches. 2d. They sort and size all the threds, so that they can apply them to make equal cloths; and after a young maid has been three years in the spinning-school, that is taken in at six, and then continues until nine years, she will get eight pence the day, and, in these parts I speak of, a man that has most children lives best. "

Eight pence a day at that time was good wages for an artisan. 

Thos. Budd was more than two hundred years ahead of the teachers ofAmerica, for they are just beginning to introduce IndustrialEducation, and they have not reached up to this idea of making thework of pupils pay their expenses, which Budd proposed, and which Richrealized. 

In Yarenton's account of the spinning-schools, the reader will observethat the children are occupied solely in spinning, their minds beingleft without culture. How easy would it have been for the grandmistress, instead of merely watching their work, to have beeninstructing them orally in any species of knowledge, or leading themin singing, which would have made their time pass delightfully, andcultivated all the finer sentiments of the soul. 

RICH has the honor of proving that this could be done, and that therewas no fatigue, but continual pleasure all day long when the monotonyof work was relieved by instruction, and the instruction that wouldhave been monotonous by itself was made pleasant by being intermingledwith hand work. 

Man cannot be well trained or developed in fragments. Head, hand, andsoul must all co-operate, and then each strengthens the other. Whenshall we have another RICH?

Boston is making progress in industrial education. At the exhibitionof a school in Brookline, conducted by our worthy friend, Mr. Griffin, fine cabinet work, bureaus, desks, etc. , were shown, equal to the workof the best mechanics, produced by boys of from twelve to sixteenyears, after forty or fifty lessons of three hours each. 

This is the true method of conquering poverty and putting an end tosocial discontent. When all youth of both sexes are trained inindustrial skill and diversified employments, poverty will disappear. 

AN INCOMPARABLE "MEDICAL OUTLAW. "

London papers inform us that "all England is in mourning" over thedeath of Robert Howard Hutton, the renowned natural bone-setter, whichrecently occurred in that city. Judging from the large number ofbiographical notices, editorials, and communications which appear inEnglish journals, he must have been one of the best known men in theBritish empire. It appears to be admitted that his fame greatlysurpassed that of any physician or surgeon in the whole country. Onelady of rank pronounces his death "a national calamity, " and agentleman, who speaks of England as "the most doctor-ridden nationunder heaven, " refers to more than a hundred cures effected by thisremarkable man among his acquaintances after they had failed to deriveany benefit from the regular practitioners, who were the most eminentin their profession. Years ago, George Moore, a distinguishedphilanthropist and millionaire of London, testified that Huttontreated him in the case of a displacement of a bone, which had baffledthe skill of the most famous surgeons in the country for three years, and effected a complete cure in one minute. Hunters, cricket players, rowing men, and athletes in all parts of Great Britain consultedHutton when they met with accidents. A sporting paper, in a notice ofhis career, says:

 "He gradually broke down the wall of prejudice which had been built up against bone-setters by the medical faculty on the ground that they were merely quacks. His cures in cases of displacements and sprains which had puzzled the most expert surgeons, were so brilliant and undisputed that he was frequently consulted by those who had previously reviled him. His house in Queen Anne Street was thronged day after day by persons, who in some instances had come hundreds of miles to avail themselves of his skill. "

Robert Howard Hutton was born in Westmoreland county, England, forty-seven years ago. He belonged to a family of "naturalbone-setters, " the most famous of whom was his uncle, who taught himall the mysteries of his craft. He practised surgery in Westmorelandand adjacent counties for several years, where he acquired such areputation that he was induced to move to London. He appears to havemade the change more from philanthropic than from monetaryconsiderations. He loved the country and was very fond of hunting. Once in London and within reach by railroad of every portion of GreatBritain, his patronage became so extensive that he had no time togratify his inclination in regard to sports. 

Men of the class to which Mr. Hutton belonged, were once quite commonin this country. Men conducting large lumbering operations in Mainegenerally arranged to take a "natural bone-setter" into the woodsevery winter. The masters of whaling vessels endeavored to have oneamong their crews. The faith of ignorant people in "naturalbone-setters" is profound. 

They believe that they are possessed of inherent knowledge and skill. Some think that they are possessed of a natural gift, and others thatthey have acquired secrets that never become known to the members ofthe medical profession. The circumstance that they effect a cure inpersons who had "suffered much from many physicians, " though theynever read a medical book, never attended college, never witnessed aclinic, and never received instruction from a preceptor, elevates themin the minds of the people far above the directors of hospitals. 

It is fair to presume that men like Mr. Hutton are possessed of greatskill and also of great knowledge. They may not know the scientificname of any bone, ligament, or muscle in the human body, but they mayknow the location and function of every one of them. Instead of beingderided as "quacks, " they should be classed as hereditary specialists. It is admitted that bees, ants, dogs and horses inherit knowledge andskill, and it is certainly fair to presume that human beings do thesame. No person will be likely to practice surgery without having hada course of training, unless he has great confidence in himself, andself-confidence makes one resolute. Mr. Hutton, it is said, neveradministered an anęsthetic and never employed an assistant. He wasvery strong, quick, and active. He jerked a bone into place in aninstant, while he was telling a story, and before the sufferer knewwhat was about to happen. He had a most extensive practice, and"practice makes perfect. " It is likely that he put more dislocatedbones in place than any ten regular practitioners in his country. Hewas an observant man, with remarkable keenness of sight and delicacyof touch. His great success caused him to undertake risks that manysurgeons would shrink from. His success as well as that of others ofhis class, may be accounted for on scientific principles. It remainsto be seen what medical journals will say of him. It is certain thatthe secular press regarded him as a most extraordinary man, and regretthat the family of "natural bone-setters" died out with him. --_ChicagoTimes_. 

It is for the suppression, imprisonment or banishment of such men asHutton and the American bone-setter, Sweet, that American legislaturesare besieged by medical monopolists. It is not long since that thegifted Italian woman, Rosa del Cin, was driven back to Italy bymedical hostility in New York. No medical college allows its studentsto learn the healing power of gifted individuals. 

EDUCATIONAL. 

EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN ENGLAND. --Education, writes James Payn in theIndependent, has for a long time, as regards the upper classes, beenin the hands of impostors and coxcombs. Scotch schools for ten poundsa year have for generations turned out better educated men than in ourpublic schools for two hundred pounds, and of late the school boardshave shown how efficiency can be combined with low prices. This lastdevelopment has put the great educational establishments upon theirmettle, and induced them to consider whether a smattering of Greekobtained in twenty years, and forgotten in the twenty-first, is, afterall, the highest form of intellectual culture. The head-masters ofHarrow, Winchester and Marlbro' have come at last to the sageconclusion that twelve years of age is quite early enough to beginGreek, and that for a good many boys that tongue is a superfluity. Thesimple truth is that not one boy in ten understands Greek. Unhappilythis act of tardy justice (and mercy) can have no retrospectiveeffect. Think of the generations of unhappy children who have beentortured by that infernal language, and of the imprisonment in summerdays of which it has been the cause. Who can give us back our losttime and liberties infringed? I don't wish to revive ancient customsof a vindictive nature, but I should like to see the Greek grammarburnt by the common hangman in every school yard. 

Payn's indignant language might be reinforced by quoting De Quincey'sdescription of the second Lord Shaftesbury, a man whose intellect wasdeveloped by classical studies alone, and who was practised daily intalking in Latin until he became "the most absolute andundistinguishing pedant that perhaps literature has to show. Nothought, however beautiful, no image, however magnificent, couldconciliate his praise as long as it was clothed in English, butpresent him with the most trivial commonplaces in Greek, and heunaffectedly fancied them divine. " Hence he ridiculed Milton, Dryden, Locke, and Shakespeare. How much time and money have been spent incolleges to produce this pedantic perversion of the mind, to createthat love of the ignorance of antiquity and indifference to modernenlightenment which are so common among the college-educated classes. 

DEAD LANGUAGES VANISHING. --In the eighty higher grammar schools inGermany which are entitled to grant certificates of the proficiencyrequisite in order that military service may be reduced from threeyears to one, French and English are the only foreign languagestaught, Latin being excluded. 

HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN. --Women in Russia have for the lasttwenty-three years been permitted to obtain university degrees, andnow they are permitted to enter the medical profession. Sweden andNorway have followed the example, so has Italy and even Portugal. DeCastro, the Portuguese prime minister, says that the improvement offemale education is the most urgent question of the day. In France, Mad. Kergomard has been elected a member of the Superior Council ofPublic Instruction by a large majority. 

In the London University this year, there were 340 successfulcandidates, sixty-one of whom were ladies. They were rather moresuccessful than the men in gaining honors. 

Emily S. Bouton says, "In England a society has been formed of youngwomen, some of them belonging to families of wealth and distinction. Each member binds herself upon entering to learn some one thing, whether art, profession or trade, so thoroughly, that if misfortunecomes she will be able to maintain herself by its exercise. It is thebeginning of a realization by women themselves, that for any work thatdemands wages, there must be, not a superficial knowledge which issure to fail when the test is applied, but a training that will givethe mastery of all the faculties, and enable the worker to labor to adefinite purpose. "

BAD SUNDAY-SCHOOL BOOKS. --An Eastern correspondent of the St. LouisGlobe has been talking with a Sunday-school superintendent about thebad books in the Sunday-school library, as follows:

 "But that isn't all or the worst of it, " continued the superintendent. "Not long ago one of the teachers came to me and said her faith in orthodoxy had been very much shaken, and she did not know that she could conscientiously remain longer in the school. Several of her class were also losing their confidence in the old creed. She said this result had been reached by reading one of the books in the Sunday-school library. It was 'Bluffton, ' and was the account of how a young Presbyterian minister had gradually been converted to rationalism, and had finally taken his congregation with him over to liberalism. I hunted up the work and read it. The author is Rev. Minot J. Savage, the prominent and eloquent Boston Unitarian clergyman. The book is a remarkable one, and even made me feel uncomfortable, as hide-bound in Calvinism as I supposed I was. Investigation showed that a score of our older scholars and several of the teachers had been very much impressed by the story, and had been talking the subject over. The book is all the more effective because it is a faithful portrayal, so I understand, of Mr. Savage's experience. How the book got into our library I don't know, but I suppose the selections were made by some clerk in the publishing house of whom we purchased. He saw the book was by a minister, and naturally presumed it was eminently fit. Right in our own city I have learned that 'Bluffton' is in half a dozen libraries, and is doing deadly work to orthodoxy. Of course this sort of thing must stop. "

OUR BARBAROUS ORTHOGRAPHY. --An attempt was once made to introduce theEnglish language in Japan, but their learned men decided that theirregularities of English spelling and grammar were a fatal objection. The best illustration of its barbarism is to attempt to carry it outuniformly, For spelling is easy, although We may not always knough How to spell sough. 

The attempt to form the past tense of verbs by analogy produces thisamusing result from the pen of H. C. Dodge. 

 The teacher a lesson he taught; The preacher a lesson he praught; The stealer, he stole; The healer, he hole; And the screecher, he awfully scraught. 

 The long-winded speaker, he spoke; The poor office seeker, he soke; The runner, he ran; The dunner, he dan; And the shrieker, he horribly shroke. 

 The flyer to Canada flew; The buyer, on credit he bew; The doer, he did; The suer, he sid; And the liar (a fisherman) lew. 

 The writer, this nonsense he wrote; The fighter (an editor) fote; The swimmer, he swam; The skimmer, he skam; And the biter was hungry and bote. 

CRITICAL. 

EUROPEAN BARBARISM. --A German Major, of distinguished military career, brought a suit for libel securing an apology and retraction, but afterthis satisfactory result a caucus of army officers, called a court ofhonor, induced the war office to dismiss him from the army _because hehad not challenged his opponent_. This appears to be the doctrine ofthe war office. America has outgrown such barbarism. Not only areduels forbidden, but Texas has passed a severe law against carryingpistols, the punishment being imprisonment. 

BOSTON CIVILIZATION. --More space is given by our leading dailies tobase ball, pugilism, races, games and crimes than to anything else. Ofcourse Boston wants such reading. The Herald says, "It is not unusualto see 5000 people sitting in the hottest sun of the hottest summerdays for more than two hours, and not even murmuring at the lack ofliberality which fails to provide them the slightest awning forshelter. There is a grand stand for which the price of $1 for areserved seat is charged. The character of these reserved seats wouldexceed belief on the part of those who have not been in them. And yetthe management who deal in this manner with a long forbearing publicfind it not an unusual event to make $3000 clear profit from a singlegame of base ball!"

But Boston has religion as well as base ball and "_Sufferings of God'sMother_" was the heading of a piece of religious news in the BostonHerald. 

On the other hand the temperance influence through high license hasreduced the number of liquor saloons in Boston to 800 less than twoyears ago. 

MONOPOLY. --The latest monopoly under the name of a trust is the "SaltTrust. " Sixty-three companies unite to form it. The object is tofreeze out competition and keep up the prices. These "trusts" whichbegan with the Standard Oil, and are gradually extending over thewhole field of production, are as much opposed to the genius of ourinstitutions as Socialists or Nihilists. They are gigantic monopolies, and the purpose is to do by combinations of capital what could neverbe done under fair and honest competition. --_Herald_. 

The remedy for this must be found in legislation. Boycotting isillegal, monopoly _should be_. 

WOMEN'S DRUDGERY. --Why should all the washing, cooking, and sewing ofeach household be done by its women? We have laundries, ready-madeclothing, and bakeries, and now it is proposed in Boston to furnish acomplete supply of ready-cooked food. This _can be done_ cheaper thanfamilies can supply themselves, if we leave out the Americanpropensity to speculate in exorbitant profits. 

CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION. --Wong Chin Foo may boast of the superiority ofheathenism as long as pauperism shows itself to be a vast ulcer, as inthe following despatch from London:

 "Pauperism is on the increase in the metropolis. Last week relief was given to 53, 164 indoor, and 35, 110 outdoor paupers. The total shows an increase of 2011 over the corresponding week last year. Trafalgar Square pavement is half covered nightly with houseless vagrants, and church steps, benches, and doorways in nearly all parts of London have their complements of destitute people after midnight. Many resort to the parks in the daytime to obtain on the grass the sleep which they are unable to get on the stones by night, and begging cannot be suppressed by the police. "

WALT WHITMAN, the odd and original American poet, enjoys in hisdeclining years and feeble health the admiration of a large number ofliterary friends, who are to build him a beautiful little cottage. Hisspecial admirers regard him as the greatest of American poets, and hehas equally warm admirers among the foreign literati. A Walt Whitmanclub is to be established in his honor at Philadelphia. Yet it is notlong since Mr. Whitman was made the target of the "prurient prudes, "who carry on the Comstockian movement of the Vice Society, and wasordered to expunge some of his writings. Mr. Whitman defied them, andhis literary prestige has sustained him; but Mrs. Elmina DrakeSlenker, of Western Virginia, a woman of humble surroundings, has beenpounced upon, arrested, and placed on trial for discussing in privatecorrespondence physiological questions in reproduction which mighthave been discussed by physicians in medical journals with impunity. Her friends regard this as an outrage, considering her exemplarycharacter and philanthropic motives. The Congressional law under whichthe prosecution of Mrs. Slenker has been instituted, is a specimen ofhasty legislation, rushed through in the last hours of the 42dsession, more than one-half of all the acts being passed on the lastday and night amid the most disgraceful confusion and uproar. 

A well-educated community will learn that the charge of obscenity insuch cases expresses a quality which belongs neither to nature norart, but to the foul minds in which such ideas rise. This wasillustrated by an intelligent judge in Maine. _The Health Monthly_says:

 "Recently in Portland an art dealer was arrested for exhibiting immoral pictures in his window. Mr. Stubbs, the artist, gathered up samples of all the pictures that he had exhibited in his windows and took them with him into court. He placed them about the court room on chairs and benches. They were copies of masterpieces of the Paris Salon of well-known subjects, and such as are familiar to all art critics. As Judge Gould looked about him and saw these pictures he thought it unnecessary to take testimony, but descending from his desk he made a pilgrimage of the room, carefully inspecting each picture. He exhibited much appreciation, and after examining the last one, he complimented the taste of the art dealer and dismissed the case. A sensible judge. "

This "prurient prudery" of the vulgar mind was once strongly exhibitedin Baltimore. The millionaire Winans had imported from abroad quite anumber of classical statues, which he erected in the beautiful groundsaround his palatial residence. The ignorant vulgarity of theneighborhood made such a clamor against his statuary as to excite hisindignation and contempt. He built a wall about his grounds fifteenfeet high, to exclude the vulgar gaze. The City Council beingthoroughly ashamed of the circumstances as a discredit to the city, passed a resolution requesting him to take down the wall, but Mr. W. Had been too profoundly disgusted with the vulgarity of the people, and refused to remove it. 

TEMPERANCE. --"For the first time in the history of Iowa, Fort MadisonPenitentiary is short of a sufficient number of convicts to enable itto fill contracts made upon the basis of the usual supply. This andmany similar instances go to prove that prohibition _does_ decreasecrime. "

Hon. W. D. Kelley, the oldest member of Congress, argues that thewhiskey tax of ninety cents a gallon ought to be taken off because itamounts to little more than half a cent a drink, and therefore doesnot discourage intemperance. Temperance men would think this was anargument for increasing the tax. The best temperance measure would beto send every drunkard to a reformatory prison. 

SCIENTIFIC. 

EXTENSION OF ASTRONOMY. --An interesting and important announcement ismade by an English scientist, Dr. Pritchard, of Oxford, which, ifconfirmed, will give a great deal of satisfaction to all who study theevening skies. He has succeeded in throwing out his measure-line toone of the fixed stars. Hitherto measurement has virtually stoppedwith our own solar system. The angles which form the basis ofcalculations for the remoter stellar spaces are so infinitesimal thathuman vision can take no certain and uniform cognizance of them. Untilnow science could only draw its great circle and say: Within this themillions of suns which shine upon the earth from all directions arenot; how far they really are beyond, no one can tell, only conjecture. But now comes the camera, a veritable new eye for science, assensitive as the optic nerve and a thousand times more steadfast andtireless, being able to hold its gaze upon the minutest object ofsearch hour after hour, without blinking. It is with this new eye thatDr. Pritchard has succeeded, as he thinks, in reading theinfinitesimal figures on the milestone of the star 61 Cygni. He givesthe distance as fifty billions of miles, and reminds us that this staris probably the nearest to us of all the bodies in space outside ourown planetary system. --_Home Journal_. 

A NEW BASIS FOR CHEMISTRY has been published by Thos. Sterry Hunt, 165pages, price, $2. Prof. Hunt dispenses entirely with the atomictheory, but that does not make the mystery of definite combinationsany clearer. It is only "confusion worse confounded. "

CHLOROFORM IN HYDROPHOBIA. --Dr. V. G. Miller, an old army surgeon ofOsage Mission, Kansas, says that he once treated a terrible case ofhydrophobia with chloroform, using altogether about three pounds. Itconquered the spasms. A slimy, stringy secretion ran out of the man'smouth which probably carried off the poison, and for a long time hecould not swallow, but in three weeks he entirely recovered. Thesalivary glands seem to have a close relation to hydrophobia. Manyyears ago reports were published from Russia on the authority of M. Marochetti, a hospital surgeon, of the cure of hydrophobia, bypiercing with a red hot needle certain swellings that rose under thetongue, and giving a decoction of broom. Dr. M. Said that fourteenwere cured in this manner. This discovery seems to have beenforgotten. 

THE WATER QUESTION. --"It may naturally be asked, If Brooklyn has beenso successfully supplied with water from driven wells, why has not NewYork adopted the same system? In answer to this it must be rememberedthat the drive-well is a new invention, and, before its application toBrooklyn, had only been used on a small scale. To this day no one cangive satisfactory reasons why the water flows continuously from theearth through the pipe of a driven-well. Hence, to the publicgenerally, this mode of obtaining water was new and little understood. At the time of its introduction to Brooklyn a water-famine wasthreatened. All the ordinary sources of supply had been exhausted bythe ever-increasing population, and the authorities were puzzled whatto do. In this extremity Andrews & Bro. , a firm which had muchexperience in working drive-wells, offered _at their own expense_, toput down wells and supply the town with water. Had Andrews & Co. Merely proposed to put down the wells and the town to pay the bill andrun the risk of failure, the proposition would not have beenentertained. Fortunately, Andrews & Co. Offered to take the expenseand risk of failure on their own shoulders. The city's chief engineerat the time, Robert Van Buren, seconded by Engineer Bergen, with theapproval of Mayor Low and Commissioner Ropes, accepted the contract. 

"Engineers and scientists, at the time, scouted the idea and raised allsorts of objections. The summer it was completed there was afive-months drought, with less than 2-1/2 inches of rain. This, however, did not affect the drive wells, and at the request of thetown authorities, they increased the speed of their pumping engines, and supplied all demands, even beyond their contract. And there thewells still remain, a standing example, a pharos to enlighten theworld. 

"In the meantime, the neighboring city of New York, across the river, was alarmed for fear their Croton water should give out. Plans hadbeen laid down and estimates made for enlarging their supply bybringing the whole Croton river to New York and building a newaqueduct. This involved an expenditure of fifty or sixty milliondollars, and such a chance was not to be lightly given up by those whoexpected to be enriched by the job. To put down auxiliary driven wellswould have required not one-twentieth the expense, and they would havefurnished the town with water for all time, and moreover might havebeen put down within the city limits. "--_J. Donbavand_. 

PROGRESS OF HOMOEOPATHY. --Homoeopathy was first introduced intoAmerica in the year 1825 by Dr. Gram. It now numbers 11, 000practitioners, 14 medical colleges, 1, 200 matriculants annually, 400graduates annually, 57 hospitals with 4, 500 beds, 3 insane asylums, 48dispensaries, 150 societies, 23 journals, 33 pharmacies, 1 college ofspecialties. 

ROUND THE WORLD QUICKLY. --A copy of the _London Times_, sent to LordHuntly, Japan, went round the world, returning to London in 69 days. 

GLANCES ROUND THE WORLD. 

(_Continued and concluded from August No. _)

In vain have I appealed to the educators of our country in "THE NEWEDUCATION. " It will be half a century before our systems of educationwill be organized for the _elevation_ of society. Heretofore, oursystems have had a positively demoralizing effect by inculcating alove of military glory, a love of ostentatious pedantry, a stubbornadherence to old opinions, and a scorn of useful industry. The gradualestablishment of industrial schools, however, is the most hopeful signin our educational system, and the establishment of ethical educationwill be the last and most glorious change. But that is a task for thenext century which will understand how to save and reform criminals. The thought is already entertained, and the new _Princeton Review_says, that in coming time "the world will look back with amazementupon the days when it let known, determined criminals run at large, only punishing them occasionally, by a temporary deprivation of theirliberty in short and determinate sentences. We can see to-day that itis a thoroughly illogical proceeding. The man determined upon a lifeof crime is of no use to himself at large, and he is both a danger andexpense in his community. He commonly gives evidence in his characterand his acts of this determination--evidence sufficient for the courtwhich tries and sentences him; but if that is too uncertain, thenconviction for a second offence may be legally taken to define hisposition. After the second offence the criminal should be shut up, onan indeterminate sentence, where he will be compelled to labor to payfor his board and clothes and the expense of his safe-keeping. "

AFRICAN POPULATION. 

We have another disturbing element in the negro population, a largeportion of which is unfitted for a republican government by ignoranceand social debasement, but fortunately free from the violence andturbulence of the lower class of immigrants. This degradation is fastbeing removed by education and the ambition inspired by freedom. Thelatter is shown by the formation of the Afro-American League for theprotection of the blacks, especially in the Southern States, and theadvancement of their interests and influence. This idea originatedwith Mr. Fortune, the editor of the _New York Freeman_. 

Few are aware of the progress of negro education. We have already16, 000 colored teachers. In the Southern States alone there are saidto be 1, 000, 000 of pupils, --in the male and female high schools, 15, 000. There are sixty normal schools, fifty colleges anduniversities, twenty-five theological seminaries, and in the churches3, 000, 000 worshippers. The colored population pays taxes on from 150to 200 millions of dollars. 

The black race will be free from slavery at the close of this century. The Brazilian Parliament passed a law for gradual emancipation in1871, when there were about 2, 000, 000 slaves. In 1885, the number wasreduced to 1, 200, 000, and measures have been introduced to hasten thecompletion of emancipation. 

In Cuba, slavery seems to be at an end. The queen regent of Spain hassigned a decree freeing the Cuban slaves, some 300, 000, from theremainder of their term of servitude. The work, thus consummated, began in 1869, which provided for the conditional emancipation ofcertain classes of slaves in Cuba, and for the payment of recompenseto the owners of the men and women liberated. From the first, slave-owners have been paid for their slaves. 

FOREIGN PROGRESS. 

When we look abroad the most encouraging progress is in the race towhich this republic owes its origin. In spite of the cruel oppressionin Ireland, Great Britain has been prospering in the last twelveyears. Mr. Mulhall, the able statistician, has shown in thecontemporary _Review_ that in the United Kingdom, since 1875, thepopulation has increased twelve per cent. , the wealth twenty-two percent. , trade twenty-nine per cent. , shipping sixty-seven per cent. , and instruction sixty-eight per cent. Hence there is a marked increaseof knowledge and wealth. During this period the natural increase ofpopulation has been 1200 daily and the immigration to the UnitedStates and Colonies has averaged 600 daily. In addition to thenational increase, there has been an immigration of 1, 317, 000, consisting of foreign settlers and returned colonists. Two-thirds ofthe emigration went to the United States. 

This healthy increase of population contrasts favorably with thecondition in France. England had in 1883 a surplus of births overdeaths of 367, 000 in a population less than 27, 000, 000. In France thesurplus of births in 1881 was but 108, 229, in 1884 but 79, 000, and in1885, 85, 464. The excessive militarism cultivated in France is adverseto national growth, and justly so; while the peaceful condition ofAmerica insures great national growth--a beneficent law. No nation hasever grown with the rapidity of ours, but our rate of growth hasgreatly diminished during the present century. Dr. Fonce's statisticsshow that twice as many children were born in proportion to populationat the beginning of the century, as have been born since 1850. What isthe reason?

PROGRESS IN FRANCE. 

France has taken a very important step in emancipating education fromthe power of the church--completely secularizing education. Under thepresent law religious associations are no longer allowed, as such, togive instruction in public schools, and all schools taught by priestsare to be superseded by public schools. The Ultramontanes are bitterlyhostile to this law, and call it religious oppression, but it isfirmly maintained. The Minister of Instruction says that in publicinstruction there cannot be two authorities, church and state, withequal sovereignty. There is but one sovereignty, that of the State. 

Clerical studies do not now attract young men as formerly, either inAmerica or France. The University of Paris last year had 11, 000alumni, but only thirty-five theological students. 3, 786 studied forthe legal profession, 3, 696 for the medical, 1, 767 attended topharmacy, 928 to letters and 467 to science. There were 167 femalestudents, 108 of them preparing for medicine, fifty-one in literarystudies, seven in science and one preparing as a lawyer. 

When France shall be sufficiently civilized to abolish duels anddismiss her standing army, she may have an opportunity of reaching thefront rank in civilization and progress. Even at present France hasmany elements of the highest civilization in courtesy and refinementof manners, artistic skill, scientific progress and advancing wealth. The French might give some valuable lessons to Americans, especiallyin journalism. Mrs. J. C. Croly (Jennie June) in her recent address tothe Women's Press Association in Boston, gave a pungent criticism onAmerican journalism which, in justice it must be said, is notapplicable to the press generally, although the immense space given tobaseball, pugilism, races, and all species of crime, by our leadingjournals, is disgraceful. "If the tail were large enough, " saidDundreary, "the tail would waggle the dog!" certainly the tail end ofsociety wags its journals. Mrs. Croly said:--

 "What the newspaper seems to be principally valued for, just now, is for doing individual gossiping, scolding and backbiting on a large scale, and in a way that relieves the individual from responsibility. The old women of the past have been royally revenged for all the sneers and slights put upon their spectacled talks, and tea parties; for back-door tittle-tattle of the meanest, most reckless sort, has been made a business, has become the staple of some journals. That people read such stuff does not seem to me reason enough for printing it. Shall we not have a daily paper some time, that is at once bright, clear, pure, honest and strong; one that works upward, instead of downward; that has its hold upon the best things, and inspires us with new faith in them, and in their power to work out race redemption. "

Such criticisms do not apply to the Parisian press, which employs andpays liberally the ablest writers. 

The French have at last begun the publication of cheap literature forthe people. A firm in Paris "have begun the issue of what is termedthe Nouvelle Bibliotheque Populaire (the New Popular Library), at tencentimes, or two cents, an issue, this to be a collection of the mostremarkable works of all literature, histories voyages, romances, plays, religious and philosophical treatises, and poetry, etc. Eachvolume is to be complete, and is to have thirty-two pages, printed inclear text, the equivalent in its entirety to one hundred pages of anordinary French book. These volumes are to be published one each week, at a subscription price of seven francs, or a little less than $1. 40per year. "

They propose "to give a résumé of those parts of secondary interest, and to publish in their entirety those salient passages which cannotbe ignored, the works thus presented having the appearance and theinterest of the originals. The reader who cannot spare the time tocarefully read the original may thus in a few hours acquire a fairidea of its purpose and value. The second class will be a large numberof works that are now out of print, or which can only be procured at avery high price. The third, and perhaps more popular class, will bethe works of authors of all ages, of all countries, and of allschools, such as Shakespeare, Corneille, Pascal, Chateaubriand, Sophocles, Racine, Lord Byron, etc. Ten of these volumes have alreadybeen published. "

In this country, John B. Alden of New York has taken the lead inpublishing valuable literature at the lowest possible prices. 

PEACEFUL INDICATIONS. 

Europe is now profoundly at peace as predicted by psychometry, and thedreary history of royal government assumes a more pleasing aspectto-day. Victoria is an improvement on her predecessors, for she hasbut drifted along with parliamentary government, and doing neithergood nor harm, has behaved with decorum, and preserved the devotedloyalty of her subjects. 

The old Emperor William, too, has a loyal nation, and has led a lifewhich does not attract censure. He is fond of military parades, butseeks to avoid war. 

As Austria and its rulers do not receive much attention from Americanjournals, I thought it well to look into the royal sphere byPsychometry, and having a photograph of the emperor, I placed it underthe hands of Mrs. Buchanan, who pronounces without seeing the objectinvestigated. The following is her language:

 "This is a male. There is a good deal of character and intellect, and he carries with him a good deal of power. I think he has been sometimes engaged in some great public movement. He is philanthropic. He has power to sway and carries force with the people both from his position and his ability. 

 "I think he is a foreigner with a very high rank. He seems a magnate of great distinction. He has about as high an office as can be given, like an emperor or czar. 

 "There is a good deal of forgiveness in his nature; he forgives wrongs; he has no cruelty. He is not as selfish as men of his rank generally are. He is more with the people, less aristocratic and proud. It is difficult to tell his nationality--Servia and Austria come into my mind. There is a great empire about him. There seems to be some dissatisfaction in the country, some apprehension of invasion and disturbance. There's a good deal of trepidation. They do not want to go to war, though there is no cowardice there. They are uneasy and suspicious of other nations. He is not ambitious for war. I do not feel that there will be any war. The difficulty is about some question of territory. 

 "It is an agricultural country, with a loyal peasantry. They are not well educated, but naturally intelligent. It is a pleasant, temperate climate. 

 "He does not desire to show off kingly power. There's a good deal of modesty. He is not aggressive. He is quite advanced in science, but is not a spiritualist. He is orthodox in religion, but liberal to science. "

If she had known the subject of these remarks, and studied Europeanpolitics and travelers' descriptions, she could not have been morecorrect. 

The Emperor of Austria has introduced a great improvement in royaldeportment. The _London Times_ says of him:

 "One or two days a week his Majesty receives all comers who have applied to be received, and he receives them alone. Every applicant takes his turn. A master of ceremonies opens a door, the visitor walks in and finds himself face to face with the Emperor, who is unattended. The door closes and the petitioner may say to the Emperor what he likes. 

 "There is no chamberlain or secretary to intimidate him. The Emperor stands in a plainly furnished study, in undress uniform, without a star or grand cordon, and greets everybody with an engaging smile and a good-natured gesture of the hand which seems to say: 'There is no ceremony here. Tell me your business, and if I can help you I will. '

 "There is nothing petty or evasive in him. He is a monarch who replies by 'Yes' or 'No, ' but always with so much courtesy that the humblest of his subjects receives from him at departing the same bow as he vouchsafes to ambassadors. A most lovable trait in him is that whenever he sees anybody nervous at his presence he makes the audience last until, by his kind endeavors, the nervousness has been completely dispelled. "

There is nothing like this elsewhere in royal courts, nor anythinglike their religious observances, which will probably astonish myreaders. The following statement appears to be authentic, and wasgiven in the _Sun_:

 On Holy Thursday the Emperor and Empress of Austria, in the presence of their whole court, of the Privy Council, the Diplomatic Corps, and the superior officers of the Vienna garrison, washed the feet of twenty-four poor old men and women, having previously served these venerable paupers with a plentiful meal, placing the several dishes before them with their own hands. After the old people had partaken of the good things provided for them by the imperial bounty, the tables were cleared by imperial archdukes and ladies of honor. Subsequently a purse containing thirty pieces of silver was presented by the Emperor to each of the old men, and by the Empress to each of the venerable dames, one of whom had all but attained her hundredth year, while the youngest of the twelve was a hearty octogenarian. 

 This religious rite is rarely seen in this country. It was celebrated on the twenty-first of August by the Primitive Baptists of Hillsville, Va. , a mountainous region of South West Va. There were about 800 present, some coming from hundreds of miles. "The preliminary exercises were singing and exhortation or discussion, the speaker first announcing some point of doctrine or religious thought. The hymns were lined by reading one line only at a time. The arrangements for administering the ordinances were circles of seats, those allotted to the sisters being in a double row and facing the brothers, who were seated in a single row. Within the circle was another seat for the ordained and officiating elders. There was a table with bread and wine, and under it were buckets of water, basins, and towels. The bread and wine were first passed around by the officers of the church, after which came the feet-washing. The elder who began the ceremony drew off his coat and vest, and girded a towel around his waist. He then began on the right, washing and wiping the feet of the brother at the head of the line, who in turn arose and remaining barefooted, performed the office to the one next him, and so on until the feet of all had been washed. The elder who was the first to perform the rite was the last to receive it. The sisters performed the rite in the same manner as did the brothers. At the conclusion the elders, while singing, passed around and shook the hands of all the brothers and sisters. "

King Humbert, of Italy, and his wife, are making themselves quitepopular by their unassuming manners and sympathy with the people. 

King Humbert objects to taking his pleasures at shows and exhibitionsas a solitary; he likes his people to be present and share them withhim. At the opening of the exhibition at Venice the king gaveexpression to his disappointment at the loneliness and emptiness ofthe halls. An official told him that the public had been kept out fromloyal consideration for the comfort of himself and the queen. "I amsorry for this, " said his majesty, "though you have done it in goodpart; it is my belief that the king belongs to the people as well asthe people to the king. " Before leaving the exhibition he recurred tothe subject, again expressing his deep regret. "I hope that none ofyou believe, " said he, "that I am the sort of man who is shy of beingseen among the people. I have no grounds whatever for such a feeling. "

King Humbert, according to an _American Register_ correspondent, isknown for his temperance in all things except that of smoking. It hasoften been noticed what an exceedingly small eater the King had shownhimself on all occasions, and as to drink, his guests may have it inplenty, but his favorite "tipple" is water. His one great weakness was(for it is a thing of the past) a good cigar. He was a formidablesmoker, but he abused his taste in that line to such an extent that hehas taken a new departure and has "sworn off" from the fragrant weed. His nerves had begun to suffer, he had asthmatic turns, could sleepbut little, and then had to be propped up by plenty of pillows. Someweeks ago his physician told him what was the matter, and King Humbertsaid: "From this day forth I will not smoke another cigar, or anythingin the shape of tobacco. " His majesty has kept his word, and the resulthas been a most noticeable improvement in his health. King Humbert isa man of iron will, and no one doubts that he will keep his self-madepledge. 

His wife, Queen Margaret, is soon to figure as an author--with storiesfounded on the legends of the Middle Ages. She speaks severallanguages and reads English literature, keeping herself posted onEnglish views and politics. She is described as being devout butliberal, lovely and graceful, quite attractive, and much idolized bythe Roman people. 

The Queen of Roumania is a poetess of romantic sentiments, and latelyunderwent examination for a diploma, giving her a right to do certainteaching in the schools. In fact, all the continental queens are muchbrighter than Victoria. 

THE REIGN OF PEACE. 

We find another very pleasant indication of the coming peace that waspsychometrically prophesied for all the world, before 1889, in theCentral American States. Advices from Panama of April 25th, said:

 "Of great present and future interest to the republics of Central America are the treaties recently accepted by the Diet, which assembled in Guatemala. The aim was 'to establish an intimate relationship between the five republics, and, by making the continuance of peace certain, to provide for their final fusion into one country. ' The treaty contains 32 articles, which provide that perpetual peace shall exist between the republics, that all differences shall be arranged, and that in the event of this proving impossible, such differences shall be submitted to arbitration. The idea which appears to have been prominent among the members of the convention was the establishment of settled rules, which, governing all the republics, shall simplify the government of each. The fortunes of each one of these industrial and agricultural States is so intimately allied to those of the others, that it really appears that they are destined to form one common nation. 

 "To prevent further shedding of blood the Central American Congress made provision, in case of discord, that the States at variance should agree upon an arbitrator. For this reason a nomination is made in advance, and regulations were drawn up in order to prevent, under any circumstances, the outbreak of war. Should, however, armed disputes arise between two or more of the republics, the others bind themselves to observe the strictest neutrality. 

 "All the republics bind themselves in the most solemn manner to respect the independence of each State, and to prohibit the preparation in any one of armed expeditions against any of the others, and that all citizens of the different States shall enjoy similar privileges and rights throughout all of them. "

Finally--John Bright and 173 members of the British House of Commonshave signed the American Peace Memorial, nine of whom will come withthe deputation to America. 

THE SINALOA COLONY. --Co-operation in some form is the only hope ofphilanthropists for a harmonious settlement of the labor question. Hence we must feel an interest in the Sinaloa Colony. I have alwaysmaintained that there are very few of the present generation (who arethe outcome of war and competition) fit for co-operative life. Mr. Owen in his letter of last August says:

 "The work we have laid out in Sinaloa requires, at first, men of frontier experience--those who can fish, hunt, cook, work the land and hold to a purpose in the face of privations and even death. 

 "We repeat again that if the women wish us to succeed they must not go to Sinaloa until we have gotten water, garden, and houses for them, and _never_ without _first_ obtaining permission from our New York office. 

 "The Credit Foncier company was conceived in kindness and love for mankind, and its mission was and is peace on earth and good will to every human being. It is to be regretted that the Company was not financially able from the beginning to guard its friends from discomforts and disease. Such was its endeavor, but the circumstances surrounding our movement have made this impossible. Of all times during the 19th century, perhaps, we struck Sinaloa when it was the least prepared for us. Our friends, however, would not be advised. Their idea of co-operation was that every one was to act as he or she pleased, at the time and place he or she selected; and that the Company was to be responsible for his and her employment, food, shelter, health and comfort at all times and in every place. So thoroughly did they believe this that they did not even think it was necessary to give the Company a hint that they were going to Sinaloa, how, when, or for what purpose. 

 "Well! what was the result of each acting for him and herself? Some 400 and more persons were dumped off at Topolobampo into the brush and cacti, and over fifty per cent of these were women, children, and aged persons, who became at once a heavy, constant, and ever increasing care to those who were physically capable of meeting the requirements of the movement. This actually put upon every able-bodied pioneer a child, woman, or aged person to attend to, to see sheltered, to have fed, etc. , etc. , besides his duties, and it added five times to the expenses in the field which the Company proposed at first to meet. But this was not the worst. The attention which it was necessary to give to these non-combatants took the men from the work that the Company expected to be done. This discouraged those who were able and willing to work and piled anxieties upon our best friends until they tottered under loads other than belonged to the cause. Disease, death, and discouragement followed. Those who remained in the States were frightened, and the Company was left almost moneyless and powerless to assist, even when it was most earnest in its work and in its wish to do so. 

 "Had an army preparing for a campaign been recruited in such a way, its friends would have demoralized and defeated it before an enemy had been met. The United States Army, during the late rebellion, was recruited in the following way: every man had to be stripped naked, measured, weighed, examined, and reported by a medical officer to be physically and mentally capable of enduring camp life, before he was enlisted, and even after this test and care, the records will show that thirty per cent each year, without going into battle, became sick, died, deserted, or went home, _i. E. _, only 70 per cent of all those recruited for the war stood the trials, even to get the first smell of the burnt powder. 

 "Now that we have gotten our pioneers reduced to about 200, to a few more than we had in December at Topolobampo, and to which number we then urged that no more be added, we can organize and begin anew to follow out the details laid down in _Integral Co-operation_, strengthened by having veterans in the field and by an experience with our people which will be of value to them and to the Company. 

 "We are informed that some of those who returned in July, like those who came back in April, expect to go again to Sinaloa as soon as the Company is in shape to push its work. We wish to say to these friends that all who have proven themselves to be thoroughly with the movement will be welcomed in our midst, but that we positively order--and in this we have the support of every director and every good colonist--that every person who goes to our settlements hereafter shall apply for and obtain permission from the New York office. _Our purpose is now to lead the movement and not to have the movement lead us. _ Any colonist who goes to our settlements in violation of these instructions will not be received as a friend, will not be employed, sheltered or provided for, and will forfeit stock and credits in the Company. "

When the pioneers in philanthropic schemes learn that their successdepends entirely upon the persons enlisted, and when they select thosepersons by a psychometric knowledge of character or a thoroughknowledge of their past lives, sternly rejecting all who are weak, unbalanced, passionate or selfish, success may be expected. Theadversities at Topolobampo are the best preparation for success, bysending off all who were not fitted for such work. 

There is evidently some good material at Topolobampo. Ida Hogelandwrote, July 30, 1887:

 "Let not your heart be troubled. There is nothing, absolutely nothing, up to this last day of July that has interfered with our bodily comfort, though we live in tents yet. The showers are so gentle and refreshing that they serve as a perpetual delight. "

W. W. Green says:

 "But whether stockholders do their part or not, we are here to do our part in solving the great question of Integral Co-operation, and if we fail it is their fault. But we do not intend to fail. We have men here of the right grit, and enough of them to hold the fort. So you need not be alarmed on that account. A. K. Owen has not lied to us about the resources of the country. "

Mr. Owen promises to bring in a hundred good colonists in November, and says the Mexican government manifests a friendly feeling. 

RECTIFICATION OF CEREBRAL SCIENCE

(_Continued from page 32. _)

The map of Gall presented here is taken from his large work publishedfrom 1809 to 1819 (price 1000 francs), the latter part being finishedwithout the co-operation of Spurzheim. The great imperfection isapparent at a glance. Gall simply published what he saw, or thought hesaw, and being a very imperfect, inaccurate observer of forms andoutlines, he attached himself chiefly to the idea of prominences (orbumps) at certain localities, and to his mode of presenting thesubject we are mainly indebted for the ridicule of phrenology as ascience of bumps. I have taken much pains to assure my students thatcerebral science has little or nothing to do with bumps, that bumpsupon the skull belong to its osseous structure, which presents certainprotuberances with which they should be acquainted, and do notindicate development of brain, which is indicated by gentle changes inthe contour of the skull, the form of which shows how much room thereis for special convolutions. 

To Gall's drawing, which was by no means accurate, I have added thenames of the organs as he recognized them, and given definiteboundaries to the organs which he represented by a shaded drawing, conveying the idea of a central elevation. I have given them the wholespace allowed by his shading, and this leaves considerable spaceunoccupied, as if he did not know what lay between them. Spurzheim, onthe contrary, attempted to cover the entire ground, and had a moreharmonious arrangement than Gall, in whose map we see the inventivefaculty running into murder, and avarice into music and poetry. Yeteven Spurzheim retained avarice in contact with ideality, invention, hope, and conscientiousness. Neither seems to have realized that thereis no example in the brain of a single convolution perfectlyhomogeneous, and even intermingled in its minute structure, suddenlychanging its essential functions into something entirely opposite, when there is not the slightest separation or differentiation of thecerebral matter. When such marked differences are perceptible, it isdue to the separation of the convolutions by the furrows oranfractuosities into which the pia mater descends, making asubstantial separation. But this nice survey of the convolutions andtheir boundaries was obviously impossible by cranioscopy, which, atthe best, could only recognize considerable differences of magnitude. Psychometry alone is capable of minute exploration of functions, theresults of which I published in a large map of the head in 1842. 

The chart of Spurzheim needs no further criticism at present. Incontrast with the chart of Anthropology, the reader will observe thatthe latter presents the functions of the entire basilar region of thebrain, which are marked upon the face and neck in the most proximatelocations. The catalogue of Spurzheim is as follows:

 AFFECTIVE I. PROPENSITIES. --[dagger] Desire to Live. * Alimentiveness. 1. Destructiveness. 2. Amativeness. 3. Philoprogenitiveness. 4. Adhesiveness. 5. Inhabitiveness. 6. Combativeness. 7. Secretiveness. 8. Acquisitiveness. 9. Constructiveness. 

 AFFECTIVE II. SENTIMENTS. --10. Cautiousness. 11. Approbativeness. 12. Self-Esteem. 13. Benevolence. 14. Reverence. 15. Firmness. 16. Conscientiousness. 17. Hope. 18. Marvellousness. 19. Ideality. 20. Mirthfulness. 21. Imitation. 

 INTELLECTUAL I. PERCEPTIVE. --22. Individuality. 23. Configuration. 24. Size. 25. Weight and Resistance. 26. Coloring. 27. Locality. 28. Order. 29. Calculation. 30. Eventuality. 31. Time. 32. Tune. 33. Language. 

 INTELLECTUAL II. REFLECTIVE. --34. Comparison. 35. Causality. 

[Illustration: THE OLD PHRENOLOGY COMPARED WITH ANTHROPOLOGY. 

 ORGANOLOGY OF SPURZHEIM, 1832. 

 In this bust we see the psychological functions of the brain. To state its physiological influence on the bodily functions would require a separate bust or chart. 

 ORGANOLOGY OF BUCHANAN, 1842-1887. ]

In presenting a psychological map of the brain it is almost impossibleto separate psychology entirely from physiology in the nomenclature, as the basilar organs relate more to the body than the soul. Alimentiveness or appetite, Virility, Sensibility, Hearing, Vision, Turbulence, all imply physical operations. At the same time all thehigher emotions, which we express in psychic terms, have theirphysical effects on the body, which are very important and enable usto understand PSYCHIC THERAPEUTICS, a science which has been blindlycultivated under the name of Mind Cure. A thorough understanding ofthe double functions of the brain and body enables us to solve all thegreat problems of mind and body, and apply our solution to thebusiness and duties of life and organization of society. 

It is not proposed to present here a complete view of the newAnthropology, as the functions and locations of organs will bepresented fully hereafter, but merely to show by a brief catalogue howlarge an addition has been made to the old system to fill all thevacant spaces left on the surface of the cranium and on the basilarsurfaces of the brain which are reached through the face and neck, thefunctions of which are therefore designated on the external locationson the face and neck through which they are reached. 

In the intellectual region our more thorough analysis gives us for thehigher understanding, not merely Comparative Sagacity and Causality, but Foresight, Sagacity, Judgment, Wit, Reason, Ingenuity and Schemingor planning. At present I merely state the facts that such organs aredemonstrated by experiments. The philosophy, beauty and perfection ofthe new Anthropology will be made apparent as the subject is developedhereafter. Behind the region of understanding are found severalsemi-intellectual organs, --Ideality and Marvellousness, which havebeen recognized in the old system, and above them Imagination andSpirituality, which in connection with Marvellousness make a group towhich I have given the name of Genius, as when largely developed theygive great brilliance and expansion of mind. Immediately above Reasonis a region producing Pliability and Versatility, which greatlyassists the reasoning faculty in mastering unfamiliar truth. Admiration, adjacent to Imagination, gives great power of appreciationand recognition of merit. Sincerity and Candor or Expressiveness alsoadd much to the capacity for attaining truth; and Liberality, betweenForesight and Benevolence, adds much to the expansion of theunderstanding. 

The middle intellectual region gives us Intuition and Clairvoyance atthe inner face of the front lobe, then Consciousness and observation, running into recent and remote Memory, above the region of Phenomenawhich recognizes the changes in physical objects. Between Time andInvention we have System, lying between Order below and Planningabove. Between Invention and Ideality we have Composition or LiteraryCapacity, and in Ideality a region of Meditation (not marked) runninginto Somnolence, the region of Dreaming and of TranscorporealPerception or Impression. This runs into General Physical Sensibility, through Impressibility (not marked), and anteriorly into the sense ofHearing (adjacent to Language and Tune). The organ of Sensibility hasmany subdivisions unnecessary to mention at present. Below this liesthe region of Interior Sensibility, which I have generally calledDisease, because it gives so great a liability to morbid conditions, but of course no condition in the human constitution is morbid asidefrom injurious influences. 

In the lower range of Intellectuality we find just below Order andCalculation the sense of Force, which might be called the muscularsense or sense of exertion, by means of which we perceive the actionof our muscles and attain great dexterity. Immediately over the pupilof the eye we find the faculty of Vision or sense of Sight, markedLight, which runs into a sense of Shade at the inner angle of the eye, by which two perceptions everything in nature except colors isrecognized. Light extends up into Color. The middle of the brow istherefore the seat of Vision, while Hearing is in the temples behindthe eye. The eye gives us the external location of the organs justbehind it, which I do not call Language, although certainly favorableto the study of languages, in which Gall was practically correct. Theanterior surface of the middle lobe, represented by the eye and theface, is a region of natural language or Expression, a tendency tomanifestation which is so conspicuous in children, but which becomessubdued in adult life by the higher powers, during which change theinfantile fulness of face generally disappears. The prominence of theeye therefore indicates a more active manifestation of intellect andclose attention to everything that interests, or thoughtfulobservation. 

The face is marked as the region of Expression, which lies in theanterior surface of the middle lobe, and gives the ready excitabilityand disposition to manifest our feelings in response to all whoapproach us. The upper portion of the face corresponds to theexpression of the upper surface of the brain, the lower to theoccipital region and the posterior inferior portion to the basilarregion. Hence the breadth and prominence of the lower part of the faceis not a pleasing feature. Ardor or evolution of warmth is expressedby the prominence of the chin, which corresponds to the medullaoblongata. Excitability running into Insanity is expressed below thejaw, and its milder form as Childishness and tendency to Idiocy belowthe anterior part of the jaw, while Hysterical Nervousness appearsbelow the chin, and Sexual Passion at the larynx. 

On the side of the head we have Modesty and Reverence, the formerrunning down into Bashfulness and the latter into Humility orServility. Next to these we find Sublimity, which was correctlysuggested by the Edinburgh phrenologists. It lies between Reverenceand Cautiousness. 

Passing up from the timid and excitable region of Cautiousness to itsupper prudential region we reach a prudent, calm and self-controllingregion which is marked Sanity, as it is the power which overrules thepassionate excitability and gives us self-control and consequentclearness of mind. Next behind Cautiousness comes Coolness orColdness, which is both a mental and physical quality, behind which wehave a region of Repose, the tendency of which is toward sleep. BelowCoolness we have a region marked Force, which gives energy and impulsewithout the violence that is developed lower down. 

Immediately over the ear is the region of Irritability, the antagonistof Patience. Going forward, the functions change to Excitability andSensibility; going back it becomes impulsive and somewhat lawless. This impulse, antagonistic to Religion, manifests itself asImpulsiveness and Profligacy. Farther back the impulse becomes theRivalry which is seen in all species of games as well as in thecompetitions of all species of business and ambition. Rivalry runsinto grasping Selfishness, Acquisitiveness or avarice, and this, through Jealousy and Deceit, into the familiar function ofCombativeness. 

Passing down from Combativeness, Jealousy, and Rivalry, we come to amore intense hostility in Hatred, or the spirit of Domination andRevenge (antagonistic to Love), anterior to which at the mastoidprocess we find the maximum violence in Destructiveness andDesperation, the antagonists of Hope, and Philanthropy or Kindness. This is the murderous region, below and behind the ear, which Gall andSpurzheim mislocated above it, whereas it belongs to the inferior faceof the brain, where the organs grow downward. 

Passing forward and inward on the basilar surface, adjacent to thepetrous ridge of the temporal bone, and the anterior margin of thetentorium, we reach in front the passional region of Rage and Insanityand a little further back, a region of restless and lawlessTurbulence, which is marked upon the neck, and which antagonizes theregions of Tranquillity, Patriotism, and the outer portion ofConscientiousness. 

Anterior to the Destructive and Turbulent region, but a little moreexternal than Insanity, are the regions of Roguery and Pessimism, which appear immediately at the ear and on the lower angle of the jaw, which is marked as Melancholy on account of its sullen gloom, whichlooks always on the unfavorable side. The organ manifested behind thejaw through the inner ear or meatus auditorius is one of sensualselfishness which, when predominant, produces Baseness or disregard ofall duties for our own indolent and profligate indulgence, antagonizing Conscientiousness. Closely adjacent to this is thetendency to Intemperance, belonging to the organ of Love of Stimulus, at the posterior margin of Alimentiveness. Anterior to Alimentivenessis the indolent region, the organ of Relaxation, between Disease andMelancholy, the antagonist of Energy which gives untiring industry. 

Looking at the occiput, we find below Self-esteem or Pride, which wascorrectly located, the organs of Self-confidence, Love of Power, andArrogance, extending down the median line to the cerebellum. Parallelto this we find Ostentation (which might be called Vanity) andAmbition, organs which antagonize Modesty and Ideality, as those ofthe median line antagonize Reverence. Next to Ambition comes theregion of Business Energy, a less aspiring and ostentatious elementthan Ambition. Next to this come the regions of Adhesiveness, thegregarious social impulse, Aggressiveness, the intermediate betweenAdhesiveness and Combativeness, possessing much of the character ofeach, and Self-sufficiency, which relies upon our own knowledge anddesires to lead others. These three organs are the antagonists of theintellectual, and yet by a wonderful law to be explained hereafter, they co-operate with them. The region between Aggressiveness, Repose, and Force is marked Stolidity, as that is the effect of itspredominance. It bears some resemblance to the stubborn character ofthe upper portion of Combativeness, in which organ we may clearlydistinguish five or six different modifications of its energy. 

Combativeness, Aggressiveness, and Business Energy run into Dogmatism, a sceptical and domineering impulse. Ambition and Ostentation run downinto Loquacity and Fascination, below which we find Familiarity, whichruns into Arrogance and Sexual Virility. Between the latter and theTurbulent region is the region of pure Animalism, of which Sarcognomyshows the correspondence in the legs. Above this in the region ofHatred is the location of Vital Force, which has its correspondence atthe upper posterior part of the thigh. The general sympathy of thethigh is found in the restless and impulsive region at the side of theneck, which antagonizes Cautiousness. 

On the superior surface of the brain we find parallel to Religion oneach side, Philanthropy or Kindness, Hope and Love, which antagonizeDestructiveness, Desperation, and Hate. Anteriorly on each side ofBenevolence is a pleasing region antagonistic to Combativeness andJealousy, and manifesting many pleasing sentiments, which I havegrouped under the general title of Harmony. In this region Faith andCandor, or love of truth, antagonize Jealousy. Politeness, Imitation, Friendship, Admiration, Pliability, Humor (or Mirthfulness), andSympathy antagonize Combativeness. The region of Genius antagonizessceptical Dogmatism. 

Behind Love, which self-evidently belongs to the higher region of thebrain, where the founders of the science failed to find it, comesConscientiousness, which was discovered by Spurzheim, and behind that, experiment shows Fortitude, the antagonist of the sensuous appetite, Energy, the antagonist of indolent relaxation, and Cheerfulness, theantagonist of Melancholy, by which I have so often removed depressionof spirits, the lack of which leaves us a prey to melancholy. Exteriorto Conscientiousness comes Patriotism, or love of country. 

Parallel to the posterior part of Firmness lies Heroism, or Hardihood, next to which come Health and Oratory, then Approbativeness andPlayfulness, running into Sense of Honor and Magnanimity. Approbativeness, Playfulness, Honor, Magnanimity and Self-sufficiencymight as one group be almost included in the old conception ofApprobativeness. Magnanimity is a faculty closely akin to Self-esteemor Pride, but belongs more to interior sentiment and is less externalor demonstrative. 

All of these new organs and faculties have been discovered, demonstrated and studied since 1835, my first discoveries, whichincluded a great portion of the whole, having been made by thecranioscopic method of Gall and Spurzheim, in which I found nodifficulty in detecting the errors of my predecessors, and discoveringthe truths which are so patent to one who seeks them. But alas, thedispassionate search for truth is the rarest virtue on earth. EvenGall himself had not enough of this to recognize the discoveries ofSpurzheim. Nor had Spurzheim enough to get rid of some of the palpableerrors of Gall, such as placing Acquisitiveness in the temples, Mirthfulness in the philosophic group, and reversing the truepositions of Tune and Constructiveness, extending the latter into themiddle lobe. Spurzheim, however, was a better and more faithfulobserver than Gall, and greatly improved the science of Phrenology, though he never realized that from the brain we may develop a completeAnthropology. 

This hasty enumeration of the psychic portion of the demonstratedfunctions of the brain, which my predecessors failed to reach, willgive the reader some idea of the magnitude of the task to discover allthis, to establish its relations to anatomy, and, I may add, tocerebral mathematics, and to organize the whole into a harmoniousphilosophy, which demonstrates itself, when understood, by a divineperfection which is beyond the power of human invention to originate. 

Perhaps some readers may feel that I should have introduced thesubject by systematic demonstrations and narratives of experiments. Iavoid this because such narratives would not be attractive to readerswho are eager to reach a valuable truth, and do not wish to go throughthe labors of discovery. Nor am I at all concerned aboutdemonstrations. If I have unveiled eternal truths, my successors, ifthey are faithful students, will be compelled to see what I have seen, and to verify my observations. 

I simply KNOW the truth of what I present, from several reasons, eachone of which is sufficient in itself. 

1. EXPERIMENTAL. --As an experimental investigation I have manythousand times excited the organs of the brain in intelligent personsand made them realize or show the effects as I stimulated theintellect, the emotions, the passions or the physiological functions, so as to bring out Memory, Intuition, Somnolence, Spirituality, Love, Religion, Hope to ecstasy, Pride, Arrogance, Combativeness, Avarice, Hunger, Theft, Insanity, Sleep, Mirth, Grief, etc. , etc. , and theorgans that change the action of the heart, the muscular strength andthe bodily temperature. These experiments have been made before greatnumbers of enlightened persons and have been largely repeated by mystudents. Manifestly I cannot speak with any less confidence ofAnthropology than a chemist does of chemistry, when for forty-fiveyears, I have ever been able and willing to demonstrate its principlesby experiments on intelligent persons, changing their physicalstrength, their circulation and their mental faculties. 

2. SENSITIVE. --I have felt nearly all the functions of the brain invarious degrees of excitement in my own person, and know the positionsof the organs as well as the gymnast knows the position of the musclesin which he produces fatigue. My physical sensibility has been soacute as to recognize by local sensations at all times the degree ofactivity in any portion of the brain, manifested by local warmth andsensibility, by a sanguineous pressure, by vivid sensations in thescalp, with erection of the hair, or by aching fatigue, or byirritations and tenderness in the scalp; or in case of inactivity bythe entire absence of sensation, or in case of obstruction by adistinct feeling of oppression. 

3. PSYCHOMETRIC. --I have explored every portion of the brain with careand minuteness by the psychometric method, even tracing theconvolutions and their anfractuosities, and observing from point topoint how beautifully and harmoniously the innumerable functions blendwith each other; how the different portions of a convolution vary, andhow the different conditions of the brain and different degrees ofexcitement modify the results; and these investigations have beencarried on for years, until results were clearly established and overand over confirmed by psychometry, by experiment, and byconsciousness. 

4. MATHEMATICAL. --The development of so positive a science enabled meto establish certain mathematical or GEOMETRIC laws of cerebralaction, concerning the direction and mode in which all faculties actupon the mind and body, which laws constitute the BASIC PHILOSOPHY ofAnthropology, the highest generalization of science. These lawsconstitute a compact system of science, lying at the basis of allpsychology, as the bony skeleton is the basis of the human form. Theselaws being easily demonstrated, and giving great clearness andsystematic beauty to the whole science, are alone a sufficientdemonstration. They constitute the science of PATHOGNOMY. 

5. CRANIOSCOPY. --In describing characters or constitutions, the newsystem is continually tested and demonstrated. All whom I have taughtfind, when they test it, that, in its applications by cranioscopy, theresults invariably confirm the accuracy of the science. 

6. CORRESPONDENCE. --Sarcognomy demonstrates in the body an entirecorrespondence to the system of functions and organs discovered in thebrain. The same functions, on a lower plane and in correspondinglocations, are found in the body. 

7. APPLICATION. --In the application of the science, not only to thediagnosis of character and disease but to the solution of problems inhuman nature, the explanation of temperaments, the determination ofrelations between persons or sociology, the correction of education, the organization of philosophy, the criticism of literature, thephilosophy of oratory and art, the development of a philosophicpneumatology and religion, and, finally, the study of the animalkingdom, --every application gives evidence of its competency and itstruth as a supreme science and philosophy. 

MASTERING THE SCIENCE. --The large amount of detail of the organologyof the brain which has been presented, will, no doubt, strike mostreaders with a sentiment of multitudinous confusion, and a doubt ofthe possibility of their ever applying so complex a science to thestudy of character. I have the pleasure of saying that the difficultyquickly vanishes when one is rightly instructed, and that I generallysucceed in a single evening in making my pupils acquainted with thelocalities so well as to avoid any material error. The more perfectlyany science is developed and understood the easier it becomes toimpart its principles. In the next chapter I will show how easy it isto learn the organic locations of Anthropology and apply them to thejudgment of character. 

TO YOU PERSONALLY. 

The JOURNAL OF MAN acknowledges with pleasure your co-operation duringthe past year, its trial trip. It presumes from your co-operation, that you are one of the very few truly progressive and large-mindedmortals who really wish to lift mankind into a better condition, andwho have that practical sagacity (which is rare among the educated) bywhich you recognize great truths in their first presentation beforethey have the support of the leaders of society. If among our readersthere are _any_ of a different class, they are not expected tocontinue. The sincere friends of the JOURNAL have shown by manyexpressions in their friendly letters, that they are permanentfriends, and as the present size of the JOURNAL is entirely inadequateto its purposes, they desire its enlargement to twice its present sizeand price. They perceive that it is the organ of the most importantand comprehensive movement of intellectual progress ever undertaken byman, and they desire to see its mission fulfilled and the benefitrealized by the world, in a redeeming and uplifting education, areliable system of therapeutics, a scientific and beneficent religion, a satisfactory spiritual science, and the uplifting of all sciences byPsychometry. But it is important to know in advance that all theJOURNAL'S present readers desire to go on in an enlarged and improvedissue. You are, therefore, requested to signify by postal card yourintentions and wishes as to the enlarged JOURNAL. Will your support becontinued or withdrawn for the next volume, and can you do anything toextend its circulation? An immediate reply will oblige the editor. 

COLLEGE OF THERAPEUTICS. 

The next session opens by an Introductory Lecture, at 6 James street, Tuesday evening (7. 30), November 1st, which all subscribers of theJOURNAL are invited to attend. Fee for the course of six weeks, $25. 

Subject of the introductory, "What can we all do for ourselves and ourfriends?"

LITERARY NOTICES. 

The life of Philippus Theophrastus, Bombast of Hohenheim, known by thename of Paracelsus, and the substance of his teachings concerningCosmology, Anthropology, Pneumatology, Magic and Sorcery, Medicine, Alchemy, and Astrology, Philosophy, and Theosophy, extracted andtranslated from his rare and extensive works, and from someunpublished manuscripts, by FRANZ HARTMANN, M. D. , 220 pages. Publishedby George Redway, London, York Street. 

Scientific students will find it interesting to trace the life andspeculations of Paracelsus, but to those who are not well grounded inscience and philosophy, who have an easy credulity, such writings havea misleading tendency. Paracelsus was a great reformer, both inmedicine and religion, and had very remarkable success as a physician. The sensation he produced, the profound admiration of his friends andhostility of his enemies show him to have been an extraordinary man. The present volume is well written and interesting, and furnishesthemes for future comment. 

"Life and Labors of Dr. J. R. Newton, --Healer, or The ModernBethesda. " This handsome volume of 320 pages, with a fine likeness ofDr. Newton, should occupy a place in every library, as a record anddemonstration of the grand truth that man has in his living spirit ahealing power which is proportioned to his spiritual development andaffinity with heaven. Sold by Colby & Rich, Boston, $2. 

"THE PURPOSE OF THEOSOPHY, " by Mrs. A. P. Sinnett, London, publishedby Chapman & Hall, 1885 (107 pages). This is a brief and clearstatement of the Oriental Theosophy. That it differs widely from theTheosophy of American students is a matter of course. Tradition andScience never agree entirely. The pursuit of the highest wisdom isTheosophy, and to this the JOURNAL OF MAN is devoted, but is notencumbered by ancient theories. 

[Hand pointing right] See advertisement of Rare Books, by R. Weiss. 

"CONSOLATION and other poems, by Abraham Perry Miller, " ofWorthington, Minnesota; published by Brentano, New York, 122 pages. This little book is full of graceful verse and fine thoughts wellexpressed. The author's style has a simplicity and perspicuity whichmake a contrast to the occult style of Tennyson, and convey many goodlessons, as in the sentence, "We bear within us that which makes us blest And Heaven and Hell are carried in the breast. "

"THE PROBLEMS OF LIFE, " by Dr. R. C. Flower, Spectator Publishing Co. , Boston, 52 pages, 50 cents. This handsome brochure discusses manyprevalent evils in a pungent and rhetorical style and gives a greatamount of good advice in a sprightly and practical way. 

"The Mediumistic experiences of JOHN BROWN, the medium of the Rockies, with an introduction by Prof. J. S. Loveland. " A book of 167 pages. Price, $1. 00. 

This is quite a remarkable and interesting volume. The introduction, by Prof. Loveland, is very well written, and presents the merits ofMr. Brown as one of the pioneer mediums. "A distinct centre in thehistory of modern Spiritualism. " "Before Davis grasped the MagicStaff, " before the Fox girls had heard the "mystic rap, " John Brownhad wandered from "the rock-bound shores" of "old New England" to thewild fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains, and amid a company ofadventurous trappers and traders, was manifesting the strange factsconnected with the spirit side of our complex life. A few copies leftat this office will be sent by mail for $1. 

A VOLAPÜK GRAMMAR, for the study of the Volapük language, by Prof. Kerchkoffs, translated into English by Karl Dorubush, has lately beenpublished. Volapük has gained a foothold in nearly every Europeannation, and bids fair to become universal. 

 * * * * *

PSYCHOMETRIC PRACTICE. 

Mrs. C. H. Buchanan continues to apply her skill in the description ofcharacter and disease, with general impressions as to past and future. Her numerous correspondents express much gratification and surprise atthe correctness of her delineations. The fee for a personal interviewis $2; for a written description $3; for a more comprehensive reviewand statement of life periods, with directions for the cultivation ofPsychometry, $5. 

MAYO'S ANĘSTHETIC. 

The suspension of pain, under dangerous surgical operations, is thegreatest triumph of Therapeutic Science in the present century. Itcame first by mesmeric hypnotism, which was applicable only to a few, and was restricted, by the jealous hostility of the old medicalprofession. Then came the nitrous oxide, introduced by Dr. Wells, ofHartford, and promptly discountenanced by the enlightened (?) medicalprofession of Boston, and set aside for the next candidate, ether, discovered in the United States also, but far inferior to the nitrousoxide as a safe and pleasant agent. This was largely superseded bychloroform, discovered much earlier by Liebig and others, butintroduced as an anęsthetic in 1847, by Prof. Simpson. This proved tobe the most powerful and dangerous of all. Thus the whole policy ofthe medical profession was to discourage the safe, and encourage themore dangerous agents. The magnetic sleep, the most perfect of allanęsthetic agents, was expelled from the realm of college authority;ether was substituted for nitrous oxide, and chloroform preferred toether, until frequent deaths gave warning. 

Nitrous oxide, much the safest of the three, has not been thefavorite, but has held its ground, especially with dentists. But evennitrous oxide is not perfect. It is not equal to the magnetic sleep, when the latter is practicable, but fortunately it is applicable toall. To perfect the nitrous oxide, making it universally safe andpleasant, Dr. U. K. Mayo, of Boston, has combined it with certainharmless vegetable nervines, which appear to control the fataltendency which belongs to all anęsthetics when carried too far. Thesuccess of Dr. Mayo, in perfecting our best anęsthetic, is amplyattested by those who have used it. Dr. Thorndike, than whom Bostonhad no better surgeon, pronounced it "the safest the world has yetseen. " It has been administered to children and to patients in extremedebility. Drs. Frizzell and Williams say they have given it"repeatedly in heart disease, severe lung diseases, Bright's disease, etc. , where the patients were so feeble as to require assistance inwalking, many of them under medical treatment, and the results havebeen all that we could ask--no irritation, suffocation, nordepression. We heartily commend it to all as the anęsthetic of theage. " Dr. Morrill, of Boston, administered Mayo's anęsthetic to hiswife with delightful results when "her lungs were so badlydisorganized, that the administration of ether or gas would beentirely unsafe. " The reputation of this anęsthetic is now wellestablished; in fact, it is not only safe and harmless, but has greatmedical virtue for daily use in many diseases, and is coming into usefor such purposes. In a paper before the Georgia State Dental Society, Dr. E. Parsons testified strongly to its superiority. "The nitrousoxide (says Dr. P. ) causes the patient when fully under its influenceto have very like the appearance of a corpse, " but under this newanęsthetic "the patient appears like one in a natural sleep. " Thelanguage of the press generally has been highly commendatory, and ifDr. Mayo had occupied so conspicuous a rank as Prof. Simpson, ofEdinburgh, his new anęsthetic would have been adopted at once in everycollege of America and Europe. 

 * * * * *

 Mayo's Vegetable Anęsthetic. 

A perfectly safe and pleasant substitute for chloroform, ether, nitrous oxide gas, and all other anęsthetics. Discovered by Dr. U. K. Mayo, April, 1883, and since administered by him and others in over300, 000 cases successfully. The youngest child, the most sensitivelady, and those having heart disease, and lung complaint, inhale thisvapor with impunity. It stimulates the circulation of the blood andbuilds up the tissues. Indorsed by the highest authority in theprofessions, recommended in midwifery and all cases of nervousprostration. Physicians, surgeons, dentists and private familiessupplied with this vapor, liquefied, in cylinders of variouscapacities. It should be administered the same as Nitrous Oxide, butit does not produce headache and nausea as that sometimes does. Forfurther information pamphlets, testimonials, etc. , apply to

 DR. U. K. MAYO, Dentist, 378 Tremont St. , Boston, Mass. 

 * * * * *

 THE CARRIER DOVE. 

 An Illustrated Weekly Magazine, Devoted to

 SPIRITUALISM AND REFORM. 

 Edited by MRS. J. SCHLESINGER. 

Each number will contain the portraits and Biographical Sketches ofprominent Mediums and Spiritual workers of the Pacific Coast, andelsewhere. Also, Spirit Pictures by our Artist Mediums. Lectures, essays, poems, spirit messages, editorials and miscellaneous items. 

 DR. L. SCHLESINGER, } MRS. J. SCHLESINGER, } PUBLISHERS. 

 Terms:--$2. 50 per Year. Single Copies, 10 cts. 

 Address, THE CARRIER DOVE, 32 Ellis Street, San Francisco, California. 

 * * * * *

 Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents came from the first issue of the volume. The article RECTIFICATION OF CEREBRAL SCIENCE is continued from the October issue of the JOURNAL.