ARKANSAS GOVERNORS AND UNITED STATES SENATORS by John L. FergusonState Historian Arkansas History CommissionLittle Rock 1970 INTRODUCTORY This list of Arkansas governors and United States senators, withbrief biographies of each person who has served in these offices, isintended to benefit students and others who have expressed interest ina published summary of such information. We have omitted the dozens of"acting governors, " including some who served for substantial periodsof time, as well as senators who held office only briefly. Copies ofthis publication are free, and the material is not copyrighted orrestricted. GOVERNORS OF THE TERRITORY OF ARKANSAS On March 2, 1819, Arkansas was legally separated from Missouri andbecame the Territory of Arkansas. The act became effective on July 4following. During the territorial period the governors were appointedby the President of the United States, with the approval of the UnitedStates Senate, for terms of three years. 1. James Miller, 1819-1824 Lawyer, soldier. Born in New Hampshire, 1776. Educated at AmherstAcademy and Williams College, Massachusetts. Admitted to bar, 1803. Married Martha Ferguson, 1801; two children. Married Ruth Flint, 1806;five children. Commissioned major of infantry in regular army, 1808. Lieutenantcolonel, 1810; colonel, 1812; brigadier general, 1814. Hero of Battleof Lundy's Lane, Canada, 1814. Received Congressional gold medal forgallantry, 1814. Resigned from army, 1819. Governor of Arkansas, 1819-1824. United States collector of customs, Salem, Massachusetts, 1824-1849. Died 1851. 2. George Izard, 1825-1828 Soldier. Born in England, 1776. Attended military schools in England, Germany, and France. Commissioned lieutenant in artillerists andengineers, United States Army, 1794. Captain, 1799. Resigned fromarmy, 1803. Married Elizabeth Carter Shippen, 1803; three children. Accepted new commission as colonel of artillery, 1812. Brigadiergeneral, 1813; major general, 1814. Honorably discharged, 1815. Governor of Arkansas from 1825 until his death in 1828. 3. John Pope, 1829-1835 Lawyer. Born in Virginia, 1770. Married Ann Henry Christian, c. 1795. Married Elizabeth Johnson, 1810; two children. Married Frances WatkinsWalton, 1820. State senator, Kentucky, 1798-1799, 1825-1829. Member, Kentucky Houseof Representatives, 1802, 1806-1807, 1823-1825. United States senatorfrom Kentucky, 1807-1813. Professor of law, Transylvania University, 1813-1816. Secretary of State of Kentucky, 1816-1819. Governor ofArkansas, 1829-1835. Congressman from Kentucky, 1837-1843. Died 1845. 4. William S. Fulton, 1835-1836 Lawyer. Born in Maryland, 1795. Graduated from Baltimore College, 1813. Moved to Tennessee after serving in War of 1812. Admitted to bar, 1817. Military secretary to General Andrew Jackson in Florida campaign of1818. Moved to Alabama, 1820. Married Matilda Nowland, 1823; fourchildren. Elected judge of county court, Florence, Alabama, 1822. Secretaryof Territory of Arkansas, 1829-1835. Last governor of Territory ofArkansas, 1835-1836. United States senator from Arkansas, 1836-1844. Died 1844. GOVERNORS OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the twenty-fifth state on June15, 1836. From 1836 until 1874, governors were elected for four-yearterms. During the remainder of our history the term of office has beentwo years. 1. James S. Conway, 1836-1840 Planter, surveyor, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1798. Came to Arkansasfrom Missouri, 1820. Married Mary Jane Bradley, 1826; six children. First surveyor-general of Arkansas Territory. Inaugurated as firstgovernor of the State of Arkansas, September 13, 1836. In 1840 retiredto "Walnut Hill, " his plantation in Lafayette County. Died 1855. 2. Archibald Yell, 1840-1844 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1797 or 1799. Served in War of1812, and in Seminole War of 1818. Married Mary Scott, 1821; twochildren. Married Ann Jordan Moore, 1827; four children. Married MariaFicklin, 1836. Member, Tennessee House of Representatives, 1827. Came to Arkansas1831. Receiver at federal land office in Little Rock, 1831-1832. Movedto Fayetteville, 1834. Territorial judge, 1835-1836. Congressman, 1836-1839, 1845-1847. Governor, 1840-1844. Left Congress in 1846 to become colonel of First Arkansas VolunteerCavalry, Mexican War. Killed at Battle of Buena Vista, Mexico, 1847. 3. Thomas S. Drew, 1844-1849 Planter, peddler, lawyer, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1802. Came toArkansas 1818. Clerk of Clark County, 1823-1825. Moved to what is nowRandolph County, 1826. Married Cinderella Bettis, 1826, five children. Judge of Lawrence County, 1832-1833. Delegate to Arkansasconstitutional convention, 1836. Governor, 1844-1849. Resigned asgovernor, 1849, and returned to Pocahontas. Moved to Hood County, Texas, after death of his wife in 1872. Died in Texas, 1879. 4. John S. Roane, 1849-1852 Planter, lawyer, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1817. Attended CumberlandCollege, Princeton, Kentucky. Came to Arkansas 1837, settled at PineBluff. Moved to Van Buren 1842. Speaker, Arkansas House ofRepresentatives, 1844-1845. Served in Mexican War. Returned to Pine Bluff, 1848. Governor, 1849-1852. Married Mary K. Smith, 1855; five children. Brigadiergeneral, Confederate Army. Died 1867. 5. Elias N. Conway, 1852-1860 Surveyor, public official, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1812; youngerbrother of Governor James S. Conway. Came to Arkansas from Missouri1833. Territorial auditor, 1835-1836. State auditor, 1836-1849. Governor, 1852-1860. Never married. Died 1892. 6. Henry M. Rector, 1860-1862 Planter, lawyer, Independent Democrat. Born in Kentucky, 1816. Came toArkansas from Missouri, 1835; settled in Hot Springs. Married ErnestineFlora Linde, 1860; one child. Appointed federal marshal, 1842. State senator, 1848-1852. Movedto Little Rock, 1854. Member, House of Representatives, 1854-1855. Associate justice, Supreme Court, 1859-1860. Governor, 1860-1862. Delegate, constitutional convention of 1874. Died 1899. 7. Harris Flanagin, 1862-1865 Lawyer, Confederate. Born in New Jersey, 1817. Moved to Clark County, Arkansas, from Illinois, 1837. Married Martha E. Nash, 1851; fivechildren. Member, House of Representatives, 1842-1843. Delegate, secessionconvention, 1861. Colonel, Confederate Army. Governor, 1862-1865. Delegate, constitutional convention of 1874. Died 1874. 8. Isaac Murphy, 1864-1868 Teacher, lawyer, Unionist Democrat. Born in Pennsylvania, 1799. Settled in Tennessee, 1830; came to Arkansas 1834. Married Angelina A. Lockhart, 1830; eight children. Member, House of Representatives, Washington County, 1848-1849. Went toCalifornia 1849, returned 1853. Moved to Huntsville, Madison County, 1854. State senator, 1856-1857. Delegate, secession convention of 1861; only member who refused tovote for secession of Arkansas from the Union. Served with Union Army, 1861-1863. Organized Unionist state government in Little Rock, 1864;served as governor until displaced by Radical Republicans, 1868. Diedin Huntsville, 1882. 9. Powell Clayton, 1868-1871 Civil engineer, soldier, Republican. Born in Pennsylvania, 1833. Educated in the common schools, the Partridge Military Academy inBristol, Pennsylvania, and in an engineering school at Wilmington, Delaware. Moved to Kansas, 1855; became city engineer of Leavenworth, Kansas, 1859. Brigadier general, Union Army; came to Arkansas with army during CivilWar. At close of war, settled on a cotton plantation near Pine Bluff. Married Adeline McGraw, 1865; five children. Governor, 1868-1871; resigned in 1871 to become United States senatorfor term ending 1877. Moved from Little Rock to Eureka Springs, 1882. United States ambassador to Mexico, 1897-1905. Lived in Washington, D. C. From 1912 until his death in 1915. Note: The unexpired portion of Powell Clayton's term as governor, 1871-1873, was completed by Ozra A. Hadley, president of the State Senate. 10. Elisha Baxter, 1873-1874 Lawyer, Republican. Born in North Carolina, 1827. Married HarrietPatton, 1849; six children. Came to Arkansas 1852, settled inBatesville. Member, House of Representatives, 1854-1855, 1858-1859. Prosecuting attorney, 1861-1862. Raised and commanded Fourth Arkansas Mounted Infantry Regiment (Union)during Civil War. Elected to State Supreme Court, 1864, and then toUnited States Senate, but not allowed to take his seat. Circuit judge, 1868-1873. Governor, 1873-1874; his term of office was cut short by theBrooks-Baxter War and the adoption of a new state constitution. Died1899. 11. Augustus H. Garland, 1874-1877 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1832. His parents came to whatis now Miller County, Arkansas, 1833; later the family located inWashington, Hempstead County. Educated in a private school atWashington; at St. Mary's College, Lebanon, Kentucky; and at St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, Kentucky, where he graduated 1849. MarriedVirginia Saunders, 1853; eight children. Moved to Little Rock, 1856. Delegate, secession convention, 1861. Delegate to Provisional Congressof Confederate States, 1861; Confederate congressman, 1861-1864;Confederate States senator, 1864-1865. Governor, 1874-1877. UnitedStates senator, 1877-1885. Attorney General of the United States underPresident Grover Cleveland, 1885-1889; first Arkansan to hold a cabinetpost. Died 1899. 12. William R. Miller, 1877-1881 Lawyer, Democrat. Born at Batesville, Arkansas, 1823. Clerk ofIndependence County, 1848-1854. Married Susan Elizabeth Bevens, 1849;seven children. State auditor, 1854-1855, 1857-1860, 1861-1864, 1866-1868, 1874-1877, 1887. Accountant of Real Estate Bank of Arkansas, 1855-1856. Governor, 1877-1881; first native Arkansan to hold office. Died 1887. 13. Thomas J. Churchill, 1881-1883 Planter, soldier, lawyer, Democrat. Born in Kentucky, 1824. Educated atSt. Mary's College and Transylvania University. Served in Mexican War. Moved to Arkansas 1848, acquired a plantation near Little Rock. MarriedAnne Maria Sevier, 1849; six children. Postmaster at Little Rock, 1857-1861. Major general, Confederate Army;commanded at the Battle of Arkansas Post, 1863. State treasurer, 1874-1881. Governor, 1881-1883. Died 1905. 14. James H. Berry, 1883-1885 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Alabama, 1841. When he was seven, his fathermoved to Carrollton, Carroll County, Arkansas. Attended BerryvilleAcademy. Served in Confederate Army; lost a leg at Battle of Corinth. Married Elizabeth Quaile, 1865; six children. Moved to Bentonville, 1869. Served in House of Representatives from Carroll County, 1866-1867; fromWashington and Benton Counties, 1873-1874. Speaker of the House, 1874. Circuit judge, 1878-1882. Governor, 1883-1885. United States senator, 1885-1907. Died 1913. 15. Simon P. Hughes, 1885-1889 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1830. Moved to Pulaski County, Arkansas, with his parents, 1844. Educated in Tennessee, 1846-1849. Returned to Arkansas 1849 and became a farmer. Sheriff, Monroe County, 1854-1856. Began practice of law at Clarendon, 1857. Married Ann E. Blakemore, 1857; nine children. Lieutenant Colonel, Confederate Army. Member, House of Representativesfrom Monroe County, 1866-1867. Delegate, constitutional convention of1874. Attorney general, 1874-1877. Governor, 1885-1889. Associatejustice, Supreme Court, 1889-1904. Died 1906. 16. James P. Eagle, 1889-1893 Planter, minister, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1837. Came with parentsto Pulaski County, Arkansas, 1839. Moved to what is now Lonoke County, 1857. Lieutenant Colonel, Confederate Army. Ordained to Baptistministry, 1869. Member, House of Representatives, 1873-1874, 1877; Speaker of theHouse, 1885. Delegate, constitutional convention of 1874. Married MaryKavanaugh Oldham, 1882. Governor, 1889-1893. President, ArkansasBaptist State Convention, 1880-1904. President, Southern BaptistConvention, 1902-1904. Died 1904. 17. William M. Fishback, 1893-1895 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Virginia, 1831. Graduated from University ofVirginia; studied law in Richmond. Came to Arkansas from Illinois 1858;settled at Fort Smith. Delegate, secession convention, 1861. Went to Missouri 1862 and tookoath of allegiance to Union. Elected to United States Senate fromArkansas 1864, but not allowed to take his seat. Married AdelaideMiller, 1867; six children. Delegate, constitutional convention of 1874. Member, House ofRepresentatives, Sebastian County, 1877, 1879. Governor, 1893-1895. Died 1903. 18. James P. Clarke, 1895-1897 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Mississippi, 1854. Graduated from law school, University of Virginia. Came to Arkansas 1879; opened law office inHelena. Married Sallie Moore Wooten, 1883; three children. Member, House of Representatives, Phillips County, 1887. State senator, 1889, 1891. Attorney general, 1893-1895. Governor, 1895-1897. UnitedStates senator, 1903-1916. Died 1916. 19. Dan W. Jones, 1897-1901 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Texas, 1839. Moved with parents toWashington, Arkansas, 1840. Colonel, Confederate Army. Married MargaretP. Hadley, 1864; seven children. Prosecuting attorney, 1874-1876. Attorney general, 1885-1889. Member, House of Representatives, Pulaski County, 1891, 1915. Governor, 1897-1901. Died 1918. 20. Jeff Davis, 1901-1907 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in what is now Little River County, Arkansas, 1862. Educated in common schools; preparatory department, ArkansasIndustrial University; law school, Vanderbilt University. Received lawdegree, Cumberland University. Married Ina McKenzie, 1882; twelvechildren. Married Leila Carter, 1911. Practiced law at Russellville, Arkansas. Prosecuting attorney, 1890-1894. Attorney general, 1899-1901. Governor, 1901-1907; firstgovernor to be elected to more than two terms. United States senator, 1907-1913. Died 1913. 21. John S. Little, 1907-1909 Lawyer, Democrat. Born at Jenny Lind, Sebastian County, Arkansas, 1851. Attended Cane Hill College, Cane Hill, Arkansas. Married Elizabeth J. Irwin, 1877; five children. Prosecuting attorney, 1877-1884. Member, House of Representatives, Sebastian County, 1885. Circuit judge, 1886-1887. Congressman, 1894-1907. Governor, 1907-1909. Soon after his inauguration, hesuffered a nervous collapse and was unable to perform his duties forthe remainder of his term. Died 1916. 22. George W. Donaghey, 1909-1913 Building contractor, banker, Democrat. Born in Louisiana, 1856. Came toUnion County, Arkansas with his parents when a child. Worked as afarmer and cowboy in Texas. Moved to Conway, 1874; became a carpenterand contractor. Attended Arkansas Industrial University (now theUniversity of Arkansas). Married Louvinia Wallace, 1883. Governor, 1909-1913. Philanthropist, business and civic leader for manyyears. Died 1937. 23. Joseph T. Robinson, 1913 Lawyer, Democrat. Born near Lonoke, Arkansas, 1872. Educated in thecommon schools; Arkansas Industrial University; and the law departmentof the University of Virginia. Admitted to bar 1895; commenced practicein Lonoke. Married Ewilda Gertrude Miller, 1896. Member, House of Representatives, Lonoke County, 1895. Congressman, 1903-1913. Governor, 1913; resigned to become United States senator, 1913-1937. Democratic leader in Senate, 1923-1937. Democratic nomineefor vice-president of the United States, 1928. Died 1937. 24. George W. Hays, 1913-1917 Lawyer, Democrat. Born near Camden, Arkansas, 1863. Graduated fromWashington And Lee University. Married Ida Virginia Yarborough, 1895;two children. County judge, Ouachita County, 1901-1905. Circuit judge, 1906-1913. Governor, 1913-1917. Died 1927. 25. Charles H. Brough, 1917-1921 Educator, Democrat. Born in Mississippi, 1876. B. A. , MississippiCollege, 1893; Ph. D. , Johns Hopkins University, 1898; LL. B. , Universityof Mississippi, 1902. Married Anne Wade Roark, 1908. Professor of economics and sociology, University of Arkansas, 1904-1916. Governor 1917-1921. Chautauqua lecturer. President, CentralBaptist College, Conway, 1928-1929. Died 1935. 26. Thomas C. McRae, 1921-1925 Lawyer, banker, Democrat. Born at Mount Holly, Union County, Arkansas, 1851. Graduated from Soule Business College, New Orleans, 1869; LL. B. , Washington and Lee University, 1872. Married Amelia Ann White, 1874;nine children. Member, House of Representatives, Nevada County, 1877. Congressman, 1885-1903. Delegate, constitutional convention of 1917-1918. Governor, 1921-1925. Died 1929. 27. Tom J. Terral, 1925-1927 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Louisiana, 1882. Attended University ofKentucky; LL. B. , University of Arkansas, 1910. Married Eula Terrell, 1914. Secretary, Arkansas Senate, 1913, 1915. Secretary of State, 1917-1921. Governor, 1925-1927. Died 1946. 28. John E. Martineau, 1927-1928 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Missouri, 1873. A. B. , Arkansas IndustrialUniversity, 1896; graduated, University law school, 1899. Married Mrs. Anne Holcomb Mitchell, 1909. Married Mrs. Mabel Erwin Thomas, 1919. Member, House of Representatives, Pulaski County, 1903, 1905. Chancellor, 1907-1927. Governor, 1927-1928; resigned to become UnitedStates district judge, 1928-1937. Died 1937. 29. Harvey Parnell, 1928-1933 Planter, businessman, Democrat. Born in Dorsey (now Cleveland) County, Arkansas, 1880. Married Mabel Winston, 1902; two children. Member, House of Representatives, Chicot County, 1919, 1921. Statesenator, 1923, 1925. Lieutenant governor, 1927-1928. Succeeded togovernorship when John E. Martineau resigned, 1928; elected to fullterms 1928, 1930. Died 1936. 30. J. M. Futrell, 1933-1937 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Greene County, Arkansas, 1870. AttendedArkansas Industrial University. Married Tera A. Smith, 1893; sixchildren. Member, House of Representatives, Greene County, 1897, 1901, 1903. Circuit clerk, Greene County, 1907-1911. State senator, 1913, 1915. Acting governor, March-July 1913. Circuit judge, 1921. Chancellor, 1923-1932. Governor, 1933-1937. Died 1955. 31. Carl E. Bailey, 1937-1941 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Missouri, 1894. Attended business college inChillicothe, Missouri. Married Margaret Bristol, 1915; six children. Married Marjorie Compton, 1943. Prosecuting attorney, 1931-1935. Attorney general, 1935-1937. Governor, 1937-1941. Died 1948. 32. Homer M. Adkins, 1941-1945 Pharmacist, businessman, Democrat. Born near Jacksonville, Arkansas, 1890. Attended Draughon's Business College of Pharmacy. Captain, UnitedStates Army, First World War. Married Estelle Smith, 1921. Sheriff, Pulaski County, 1923-1927. United States collector of internalrevenue for Arkansas, 1933-1940. Governor, 1941-1945. Administrator, Employment Security Division, 1949-1952. Died 1964. 33. Ben T. Laney, 1945-1949 Businessman, Democrat. Born in Ouachita County, near Smackover, Arkansas, 1896. Served in United States Navy, First World War. A. B. , State Normal School (now State College), Conway, 1924. Graduate study, University of Utah. Married Lucille Kirtley, 1926; three children. Mayor of Camden, 1935-1939. Governor, 1945-1949. 34. Sid McMath, 1949-1953 Lawyer, Democrat. Born near Magnolia, Arkansas, 1912. LL. B. , Universityof Arkansas, 1936. Married Elaine Braughton, 1937; one child. MarriedAnne Phillips, 1945; two children. Lieutenant Colonel, United States Marine Corps, Second World War. Prosecuting attorney, 1947-1949. Governor, 1949-1953. 35. Francis Cherry, 1953-1955 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Fort Worth, Texas, 1908. Graduated OklahomaA. & M. College, 1930. LL. B. , University of Arkansas, 1936. MarriedMargaret Frierson; three children. Lieutenant (j. G. ), United States Navy, Second World War. Chancellor, 1943-1944, 1949-1952. Governor, 1953-1955. Member, United StatesSubversive Activities Control Board, 1955-1963; chairman, 1963-1965. Died 1965. 36. Orval E. Faubus, 1955-1967 Newspaperman, Democrat. Born near Combs, Arkansas, 1910. AttendedMadison County schools. Married Alta Haskins, 1931; one son. Major, United States Army, Second World War. Circuit Clerk, Madison County, 1939-1942. Administrative assistant toGovernor Sid McMath, highway commissioner, highway director, 1949-1953. Postmaster, Huntsville, 1953-1954. Governor, 1955-1967. 37. Winthrop Rockefeller, 1967- Financier, farmer, Republican. Born in New York, 1912. Attended YaleUniversity. Lieutenant Colonel, United States Army, Second World War. Married Barbara Sears, 1948; one son. Married Jeannette Edris, 1956. Moved to Arkansas, 1953. Chairman, Arkansas Industrial DevelopmentCommission, 1955-1964. First Republican elected governor since 1872. UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM ARKANSAS Each state is entitled to two United States senators. Until 1913, senators were elected by state legislatures; since that time, bypopular vote. Our first senators, chosen in 1836, were Ambrose H. Sevier and William S. Fulton. In the following pages, biographies ofSevier and his successors are given first. 1. Ambrose H. Sevier 1836-1848 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1801. Came to Arkansas fromMissouri, 1821. Clerk, Territorial House of Representatives, 1821. Member, Territorial House of Representatives, Pulaski County, 1823, 1825; speaker, 1827. Territorial delegate to Congress, 1828-1836. United States senator, 1836-1848. United States Minister to Mexico, March-June 1848. Died1848. 2. Solon Borland, 1848-1853 Physician, Democrat. Born in Virginia, 1808. Attended schools in NorthCarolina; studied medicine; located in Little Rock, Arkansas. Major, First Arkansas Volunteer Cavalry, Mexican War. United States senator, 1848-1853. United States Minister to CentralAmerican Republics, 1853-1854. Brigadier general, Confederate Army. Died 1864. 3. Robert W. Johnson, 1853-1861 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Kentucky, 1814. Moved with his father toArkansas, 1821. Graduated from St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, Kentucky, 1833, and from Yale Law School, 1835. Practiced law in LittleRock, Arkansas, 1835-1847. Prosecuting attorney, 1840-1845. Congressman, 1847-1853. United Statessenator, 1853-1861. Delegate to provisional Confederate Congress, 1861-1862. Confederate States senator, 1862-1865. Practiced law inWashington, D. C. After the war. Died 1879. 4. Charles B. Mitchel, 1861 Physician, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1815. Graduated from Universityof Nashville, Tennessee, 1833, and from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1836. Moved to Washington, Arkansas, wherehe practiced medicine for twenty-five years. Member, House of Representatives, Hempstead County, 1848-1849. Receiverof public moneys, 1853-1856. United States senator, 1861. ConfederateStates senator, 1862-1864. Died 1864. Note: Arkansas was not represented in the United States Senate from its secession in 1861 until the state was readmitted to the Union in 1868. 5. Benjamin F. Rice, 1868-1873 Lawyer, Republican. Born in New York, 1828. Member, Kentucky House ofRepresentatives, 1855-1856. Moved to Minnesota, 1860. Captain, UnionArmy. Settled in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1864. Active in organizing Republicanparty in Arkansas. United States senator, 1868-1873. Moved to Colorado1875, and to Washington, D. C. 1882. Died 1905. 6. Stephen W. Dorsey, 1873-1879 Businessman, Republican. Born in Vermont, 1842. Moved to Ohio andsettled in Oberlin. Served in Union Army. After Civil War, returned toOhio; became president of Sandusky Tool Company. Elected president, Arkansas Railway Company. Moved to Arkansas, settled in Helena. United States senator, 1873-1879. After his service in Senate, devotedhimself to cattle raising and mining in New Mexico and Colorado. Resided in Colfax County, New Mexico; Denver, Colorado; and LosAngeles, California. Died 1916. 7. James D. Walker, 1879-1885 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Kentucky, 1830. Attended private schools inKentucky, and Ozark Institute and Arkansas College, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Moved to Arkansas 1847. Admitted to bar 1850; practiced lawin Fayetteville. Colonel, Confederate Army; captured at Oak Hills, Missouri in 1861 and spent two years in military prison. Resumed practice of law in Fayetteville, 1865. United States senator, 1879-1885. Died 1906. 8. James K. Jones, 1885-1903 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Mississippi, 1839. Moved with his parents toDallas County, Arkansas, 1848. Served in Confederate Army. Admitted tobar 1874 and commenced practice in Washington, Arkansas. State senator, 1873-1877; president of Senate, 1877. Congressman, 1881-1885. United States senator, 1885-1903. Chairman, DemocraticNational Committee, 1896, 1900. Died 1908. 9. James P. Clarke, 1903-1916 (See "Governors of the State of Arkansas, " number 18). 10. William F. Kirby, 1916-1921 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in what is now Miller County, Arkansas, 1867. Studied law at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tennessee; graduated1885. Admitted to bar 1885, commenced practice in Texarkana, Arkansas. Member, House of Representatives, Miller County, 1893, 1897. Statesenator 1899, 1901. Author of "Kirby's Digest of the Statutes ofArkansas, " 1904. Moved to Little Rock, 1907. Attorney General, 1907-1909. Associate justice, Supreme Court, 1910-1916, 1927-1934. United States senator, 1916-1921. Died 1934. 11. Thaddeus H. Caraway, 1921-1931 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Missouri, 1871. Moved with his parents toClay County, Arkansas, 1883. Graduated in 1896 from Dickson (Tennessee)College. Admitted to bar 1900, commenced practice in Osceola, Arkansas. Moved to Lake City, Craighead County, 1900, and to Jonesboro, 1901. Prosecuting attorney, 1908-1912. Congressman, 1913-1921. United Statessenator, 1921-1931. Died 1931. 12. Hattie W. Caraway, 1931-1945 Democrat, wife of Senator Thaddeus H. Caraway. Born in Tennessee, 1878. Graduated from Dickson (Tennessee) Normal College, 1896. Married andthereafter located in Jonesboro, Arkansas. Appointed United States senator to succeed her husband 1931; elected1932 and 1938; served 1931-1945. Member, United States Employees'Compensation Commission, 1945-1946. Member, United States Employees'Compensation Appeals Board, 1946-1950. Died 1950. 13. James William Fulbright, 1945- Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Missouri, 1905. Moved with his parents toFayetteville, Arkansas 1906. Was graduated from University of Arkansas, 1925; as a Rhodes scholar from Oxford University, England, 1928; andfrom law department of George Washington University, Washington, D. C. , 1934. Admitted to District of Columbia bar, 1934. Attorney, United States Department of Justice, Antitrust Division, 1934-1935. Instructor in law, George Washington University, 1935;lecturer in law, University of Arkansas, 1936-1939. President of theUniversity of Arkansas, 1939-1941. Congressman, 1943-1945. UnitedStates senator since 1945. 1. William S. Fulton, 1836-1844 (See "Governors of the Territory of Arkansas, " number 4). 2. Chester Ashley, 1844-1848 Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Massachusetts, 1790. Moved with his parentsto Hudson, New York, during infancy. Was graduated from WilliamsCollege, Williamstown, Massachusetts, and the Litchfield (Connecticut)Law School. Admitted to bar 1817 and commenced practice of law in Hudson, New York. Moved to Edwardsville, Illinois, 1818; to St. Louis, Missouri, 1819;and to Little Rock, Arkansas, 1820. United States senator 1844-1848. Died 1848. 3. William K. Sebastian, 1848-1861 Lawyer, planter, Democrat. Born in Tennessee, 1812. Was graduated fromColumbia College, Tennessee, about 1834. Commenced practice of law inHelena, Arkansas, 1835. Prosecuting attorney, 1835-1837. Circuit judge, 1840-1842. Associatejustice, Supreme Court, 1843-1845. Member and president of StateSenate, 1846-1847. United States senator, 1848-1861. Expelled fromSenate, 1861; returned to Helena and practiced law; took no part inConfederate war effort. Moved to Memphis, 1864. Died 1865. In 1877, the United States Senate revoked his expulsion and paid thefull amount of his compensation to his children. Note: Arkansas was not represented in the United States Senate from its secession in 1861 until the state was readmitted to the Union in 1868. 4. Alexander McDonald, 1868-1871 Businessman, banker, Republican. Born in Pennsylvania, 1832. AttendedDickinson Seminary, Williamsport, Pennsylvania; and LewisburgUniversity, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Moved to Kansas, 1857. Served inUnion Army. Came to Arkansas 1863, settled in Little Rock. United States senator, 1868-1871. Engaged in development of railroads. Moved to New York City, 1900. Died 1903. 5. Powell Clayton, 1871-1877 (See "Governors of the State of Arkansas, " number 9) 6. Augustus H. Garland, 1877-1885 (See "Governors of the State of Arkansas, " number 11) 7. James H. Berry, 1885-1907 (See "Governors of the State of Arkansas, " number 14) 8. Joseph T. Robinson, 1913-1937 (See "Governors of the State of Arkansas, " number 23) 9. John E. Miller, 1937-1941 Lawyer, banker, Democrat. Born in Missouri, 1888. Attended SoutheastMissouri State Teachers College, Cape Girardeau; and Valparaiso(Indiana) University. Graduated from law department, University ofKentucky, 1912. Admitted to bar 1912, commenced practice in Searcy, Arkansas. Delegate, constitutional convention of 1917-1918. Prosecuting attorney, 1921-1923. Congressman, 1931-1937. United States senator from 1937until he resigned in 1941 to become United States district judge forthe western district of Arkansas. 11. Lloyd Spencer, 1941-1943 Banker, Democrat. Born in Missouri, 1893. Moved to Okolona, Arkansas, 1902. Attended Henderson College, Arkadelphia. Served in United StatesNavy, First World War, 1918. Moved to Hope, Arkansas, 1921. Appointed to United States Senate 1941; term expired 1943. Served inUnited States Navy, Second World War, 1943. 12. John L. McClellan, 1943- Lawyer, Democrat. Born in Sheridan, Arkansas, 1896. Attended publicschools. Admitted to bar 1913, commenced practice in Sheridan. Firstlieutenant, United States Army, First World War, 1917-1919. Moved to Malvern, Arkansas, 1919. Prosecuting attorney, 1927-1930. Congressman, 1935-1939. Resumed practice of law in Camden, Arkansas. United States senator since 1943.