[Illustration: Instruction. ]

 A

 WEEK

 OF

 INSTRUCTION

 AND

 AMUSEMENT;

 OR, MRS. HARLEY'S _BIRTHDAY PRESENT_ TO HER DAUGHTER. 

 INTERSPERSED WITH SHORT STORIES --OUTLINES OF SACRED AND PROPHANE HISTORY-- GEOGRAPHY, &c. 

 LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. HARRIS, CORNER OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD. 

 1812. 

H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 

The following pages were written with the design of communicating, in amanner agreeable to children, some knowledge of those subjects whichthey so often find tedious and uninteresting. --Should the storiesrelated inspire a love of virtue, and the lessons awaken a desire forthe further acquisition of useful knowledge, the attempt, notwithstanding its defect, cannot, it is hoped, be deemed whollyuseless. 

A WEEK OF INSTRUCTION, _&c. _

_CHAPTER I. _

THURSDAY. 

At a pleasant village a few miles from London, resided a widow-lady ofthe name of Harley; she had but one child, and to forming her mannersand instructing her mind she devoted her whole time. Anne (for so wasthis little girl named) was an amiable child; she rewarded her mother'scare and affection, by paying great attention to her instructions; likeall other children, she was fond of play, but seldom murmured whencalled to attend the hours set apart for working, reading, or learningher lessons: all these she performed extremely well for her age, and hadalready gone through many of the first books that are put into the handsof children. 

As a reward for her application, her mamma had promised to write a fewstories on purpose for her, and one Thursday in the month of August, theday on which little Anne completed her eighth year, Mrs. Harleypresented her the book which contained them, saying, "I shall onlypermit you to read in this book, my dear Anne, when I have reason to besatisfied with your conduct, for as it is now given to a good littlegirl, I would never upon any account, allow a naughty one to make use ofit. We will begin our mornings with reading one of these stories, andafterwards I will give you a lesson upon different subjects, many ofwhich you are now quite unacquainted with. By pursuing this method youwill be daily adding to your stock of knowledge, and will I hope in timebecome a good and sensible girl: this, my dear, is the first wish of myheart, and you must do every thing in your power to promote it. Beindustrious and docile, and you may be sure of succeeding in all Irequire you to undertake. But come, the morning is so fine that we willgo into the garden, where upon yonder seat you shall begin your newstudy. "

Little Anne after thanking her mamma for her kind present, followed herto the bench, when they were seated, she opened the book, and the firststory that presented itself was

_The pleasure of giving, much greater than that of receiving. _

Edward and James were the sons of a respectable farmer, who spared nopains in giving them an education suited to their situation in life. Having been pleased with their good conduct in some circumstances thathad lately occurred, he promised them a holiday the first time theweather should be fine enough for them to visit their aunt, who lived afew miles distant from the village where they resided. The wished formorning at length arrived, the farmer gave each of his sons a shilling, and a basket filled with provisions. Thus equipped, they began theirjourney, and amused themselves on the road, by talking of the pleasurethey should have in seeing their good aunt. The best way of spendingtheir shillings was a subject of great importance, "I will have ahandsome kite, " said Edward, "and the string shall be long enough toallow it to fly as high as the clouds. " "Yes, " answered James, "buthowever long your string may be, I believe it must depend upon the windfor flying. Now, I will have a bag of marbles, with these I can alwaysplay on the stones in the church-yard after school. " "Excepting when itrains brother James; however, as the money is our own, we have each youknow a right to please ourselves. "

Just as Edward finished speaking, a poor little ragged boy came up tothe brothers, and asked for a halfpenny to buy a bit of bread, sayinghe was so very hungry he knew not what to do. "What, have you had nobreakfast! my little man?" asked James. "No, sir, nor supper last night, do pray give me a halfpenny, I am so very faint for want of food. "

Edward immediately took a piece of cake from his basket and gave it tothe boy, enquiring at the same time, where his father and mother was. 

"Alas, my good young gentleman, they are both dead. I lost father abouta month ago, and I fear I shall soon follow him, for indeed I am veryill, and not able to work, therefore I must be starved. " "O no, " saidJames, "not if I can prevent it, you do indeed look very ill, but takecourage, I hope you will soon recover, and surely the parish mustprovide for you--where do you live?"

"Since father died I have had no regular home, and this is not myparish. Sometimes I sleep in a barn. I do what I can to assist an oldman, who was my mother's uncle, but he is ill now, and not able to keepme, so I shall be quite deserted. "--"Well, " said Edward, "I will provideyou with a dinner to day, and give you money to procure a lodging atnight; here is a shilling, my father gave it me to buy toys with, but Ican do better without them, than you can without food. " The little boytook the shilling, and with tears in his eyes thanked his kind friend. James would not suffer him to depart without accepting his shillingalso, and desiring him to call the next morning at their father's, wherethey would try to be of further use to him, they bade him adieu, andpursued their journey. 

"I am sure, " said Edward, "I feel more pleasure in making that childhappy, than in flying the finest kite in the world. " "And I, " addedJames, "was a hundred times happier in giving him a shilling, than I waswhen I received it this morning. Only think how rejoiced the poor boymust be, to have so much money; I dare say he never before, possessed solarge a sum, but Edward, we shall have no new kite nor marblesnow!--Never mind, brother, we have done a good action, and that, youknow, our father says is the surest way to secure happiness"--

Thus conversing, these good lads arrived at their aunt's, where theyspent a very pleasant day, and in the evening returned home, to delighttheir father's heart, with an account of their morning's adventure. --Thepoor boy came the next morning to the farmer's, who having made thenecessary enquiries into his former conduct, took him into his service. The brothers had soon the satisfaction of seeing him restored to health, and in time he became a useful, faithful, and grateful servant to hisbenevolent master. 

 * * * * *

"Well, my dear Anne, " said Mrs. Harley, "how do you like my firststory?"

_Anne. _ O very much mamma, what good children Edward and James were, togive their money to a poor little hungry boy; indeed, if ever I shouldmeet one I will do the same. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Then you will do well, and I shall love you dearly. Remember, that the use of reading examples of virtue is to inspire youwith the desire to imitate them. But do you, my dear, know of what thestory you have just read is composed?

_Anne. _ O yes, mamma, of words, is it not?

_Mrs. Harley. _ You are right: letters make syllables, one or moresyllables make a word, words form a sentence, and a number of sentencescompose not only the little story of Edward and James, but all the greatbooks in the library. Now can you tell me how letters are divided?

_Anne. _ Not properly mamma, pray explain it to me. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ I will my dear, and so we begin our

FIRST LESSON. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Letters of which there are twenty six in our language, are divided into vowels and consonants. There are five proper vowels, a, e, i, o, and u. Y is generally a consonant at the beginning of words, and a vowel at the end of them. Repeat the vowels. 

_Anne. _ a, e, i, o, u. Y, is sometimes a vowel, and sometimes aconsonant. The other letters are all consonants, they are, b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Very well, now you understand the letters, I will explainthe other little marks you see in this book. They are called stops:there are six different ones, the comma, which is the shortest; thesemicolon;--the colon:--the period. --the note of admiration!--whichdenotes wonder or surprise--and the note of interrogation? which shewsthat a question is asked. Repeat them to me. 

_Anne. _, ; : . ! ?

_Mrs. Harley. _ Quite right, you may now put away your book, and go toplay. 

_CHAPTER II. _

FRIDAY. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Here is another story for you Anne. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, dear mamma, let me begin it directly. 

_The Naughty Girl Reformed. _

There was once a little girl who had been so much indulged in herinfancy, that by the time she arrived at her sixth year, every onedisliked her. She was proud and ill-tempered, she wanted whatever shesaw, and when any thing was refused her, she immediately began cryingand teazing her mamma for it, who being at last quite tired of herimportunity, generally gave up the point, and Fanny obtained what shewished for. Now, though the mamma certainly intended to be very kind toher child, yet I think she did wrong in this respect, because childrenshould never have what they cry for. 

Fanny's ill-temper increased with her years, she quarrelled with all thechildren who used to play with her, till at length she was quiteshunned, and none of her little friends took any notice of her. 

A lady had given her sister Julia a pretty wax-doll, and she had takengreat pleasure in dressing it: almost all her leisure was occupied inmaking its cloaths, and when they were completed she was quitedelighted. It so happened that Fanny was from home when her sisterreceived this present, but no sooner was she returned, and the dollproduced, than she began, as usual, to cry for it, and so loud, too, that she disturbed the whole house. For this time, however, her tearswere in vain, Julia would not give up her favourite, though sheendeavoured to sooth her sister, by promising to lend it her as soon asshe should be a little more careful. Fanny was at length pacified, butshe watched the first opportunity to get possession of the doll. Shesoon succeeded, and for some time played with it very carefully, buthaving acquired a negligent habit of using her toys, she soon forgot itsbrittle texture, and when tired of nursing it, threw it down on theground. The face was immediately broken to pieces, and while she waspicking up the scattered remains of the once beautiful features, Juliaentered the room. On seeing her favourite thus destroyed, she could nothelp shedding tears, and she reproached Fanny for having taken the dollwithout permission, especially as she had been so repeatedly desirednever to touch it. Fanny felt quite ashamed for her fault, and wasreally sorry for the mischief she had occasioned: she begged hersister's pardon and promised never again to be so naughty. The goodtempered Julia readily forgave her, and for a few days after thismisfortune Fanny behaved much better than usual. However, as ill habitsare very difficult to be overcome, she soon relapsed into her formerfretful and passionate ways; indeed, she made the family souncomfortable that her mother determined to send her from home, and forthat purpose wrote to a relation, entreating her to take the care ofFanny for some time, and try if a different mode of treatment might havesome good effect in correcting her faults. 

Mrs. Benson was eminently distinguished for good sense and pleasingmanners. She had frequently regretted the improper indulgences that weregranted to this little girl, and accepted with alacrity the chargeconsigned to her care. She made but a short visit to her sister, andwhen she returned to her own residence, took back her little niece. Ithad been a very difficult task to persuade Fanny to accompany Mrs. Benson, but at length the engaging manners of this lady quite overcame herreluctance, and after parting very affectionately with her mother andsister, she got into the carriage that was to convey her above a hundredmiles from the place where she had hitherto resided. 

It was night when Mrs. Benson with her young charge arrived at the endof her journey. The motion of the carriage had lulled Fanny to sleep, and she was undressed and put to bed without being conscious of what waspassing around her. The next morning on opening her eyes, she was quitesurprised to find herself in an apartment with which she was whollyunacquainted, but the sight of her aunt soon brought to her recollectionthe change that had taken place. Mrs. Benson desired her to rise, butwhen told to put on her stockings she began to cry, and said that hermaid always did it at home. "But here, my dear, " replied Mrs. Benson, "you must do it yourself, for I make it an invariable rule never toassist a little girl in any thing she can so easily accomplish byherself. And I must now tell you Fanny, that you never can have what youcry for in my house, so be a good girl and do as you are desired. "

Fanny then continued to cry very violently, and would not obey; hernaughty behaviour had no effect upon her aunt, who continued dressingherself, and when she had finished, went out of the room withoutnoticing it. Fanny being left alone, and finding that no one attended toher tears, at length began to dress, and after she had remained quietfor some time, a servant was sent up to assist her. She then went downstairs, and when she entered the parlour, her aunt said to her, "I amsorry you have been so long dressing, because I have breakfasted; thethings are removed, and I cannot suffer them to be brought up again thismorning. I am going out, and if you like to accompany me, I will shewyou the village, and we will visit some of the cottagers who areemployed in making lace, their work, I assure you, is very beautiful. "

Fanny was greatly disappointed at being deprived of her breakfast, butshe fetched her bonnet and followed her aunt. She was quite delightedwith her walk, and on her return to the house was very glad to see aplate of bread and fruit on the table. After she had eaten as much asshe chose, Mrs. Benson shewed her some pictures, and she remained atolerably good girl during the rest of the day. 

The following morning, when Mrs. Benson desired Fanny to read, she wasvery naughty, and would not say a letter. "Well, " said her aunt, "if youwill not read you shall neither play nor walk, so when I go out I shallleave you at home. " Fanny persisted in her ill-humour, and was thereforeobliged to spend the morning alone, instead of enjoying a pleasantramble in the fields. When Mrs. Benson returned, she asked her niece ifshe would then try to read, "because, " added she "till you have doneso, you may be assured I will grant you no amusement. " Fanny perceivingthat her aunt was quite determined to keep her word, at length took upthe book and read as well as she could. Mrs. Benson, pleased with hercompliance, made no allusion to her former obstinacy, but gave her apretty sattin pincushion, telling her that if she would try to be a goodchild she should love her dearly. 

From this time Fanny began to amend; at first she found it verydifficult to restrain her temper, but the more she tried, the easier shefound the task: and though during the first few months of her residenceat Mrs. Benson's she frequently forgot the good resolutions she hadformed, yet she was always sincerely sorry for her faults, andendeavoured to make amends by doing whatever she thought would restoreher to her aunt's favour. 

Thus Mrs. Benson had the satisfaction of seeing a child whom she hadformerly known so undutiful and ill-tempered, become by degrees quiteamiable and obliging: the alteration in her was so great, that when atthe end of a year Mrs. Benson carried her to pay a visit to her family, they could hardly trace any resemblance between Fanny such as she nowwas, and the naughty little girl who had given them so much trouble. Shestaid in London three weeks, during which time the cloud of ill-humourscarcely once ruffled her brow. At the end of that time Mrs. Bensonwished to return home, and Fanny begged to accompany her, fearing thatif deprived of her aunt's counsel before her good habits were entirelyfixed, she might relapse into her former errors. 

Several years are now past since these events happened. Fanny has beenconstantly improving, she is now the delight of her family, and thefavourite of all who know her. 

Let the history of Fanny teach all little girls that to be _good_ is tobe _happy_!

 * * * * *

"What an interesting story, " said Anne, as she shut the book: "now Ifind what a silly thing it is to be naughty, I will always try to begood. "

_Mrs. Harley. _ Do my dear child, and you will be sure of success. Itgives me pleasure to see you so attentive to the instructions containedin the stories you read. 

SECOND LESSON. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ We talked about letters yesterday: to-day I will explainfigures or numbers to you, the following is a list of them: thoseletters which stand for numbers are called _numeral letters_. 

 1 I One 2 II Two 3 III Three 4 IV Four 5 V Five 6 VI Six 7 VII Seven 8 VIII Eight 9 IX Nine 10 X Ten 11 XI Eleven 12 XII Twelve 13 XIII Thirteen 14 XIV Fourteen 15 XV Fifteen 16 XVI Sixteen 17 XVII Seventeen 18 XVIII Eighteen 19 XIX Nineteen 20 XX Twenty 21 XXI Twenty-one 22 XXII Twenty-two 23 XXIII Twenty-three 24 XXIV Twenty-four 25 XXV Twenty-five 30 XXX Thirty 36 XXXVI Thirty-six 40 XL Forty 47 XLVII Forty-seven 50 L Fifty 60 LX Sixty 70 LXX Seventy 80 LXXX Eighty 90 XC Ninety 100 C One hundred 200 CC Two hundred 300 CCC Three hundred 400 CCCC Four hundred 500 D Five hundred 600 DC Six hundred 700 DCC Seven hundred 800 DCCC Eight hundred 900 DCD Nine hundred 1000 M One thousand 1100 MC One thousand one hundred 1500 MD One thousand five hundred 1812 MDCCCXII One thousand eight hundred and twelve

In the above list you perceive the numeral letters are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M; the letter that stands for a smaller sum put before one thatdenotes a greater takes so many from it, and that after it adds so manyto it. 

The numbers you learned long ago; but I don't think you know thenumeration table, it will teach you to read any number of figures notexceeding nine: the last figure on the right hand denotes _units_, orsingle figures, the one before that tens, then _hundreds_, _thousands_, _tens of thousands_, _hundreds of thousands_, _tens of hundreds ofthousands_, _millions_, _tens of millions_, _hundreds of millions_, nowmy dear read the following number, 123, 456, 789. 

_Anne. _ One hundred and twenty three millions, four hundred and fiftysix thousand, seven hundred and eighty nine. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Right; it is absolutely necessary to be able to readfigures perfectly, before you can learn arithmetic. 

_Anne. _ What is arithmetic, mamma?

_Mrs. Harley. _ The act of numbering, or computing by numbers, my dear. The four principal rules of arithmetic are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 

_Anne. _ I wish you would explain them to me. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Addition teaches to collect several numbers together inorder to know their total value. The answer to a question in additionis therefore called the _sum_, _total_, or _amount_; subtraction teachesto take a less number from a greater, in order to know the remainder. The answer in subtraction is called the _remainder_, or _difference_. 

Multiplication teaches to find the amount of any given number repeated acertain number of times. The answer in multiplication is called the_product_. The three terms made use of in multiplication are, themultiplicand, or number to be multiplied; the multiplier, or number thatmultiplies; and the product or answer, which is the amount of themultiplicand and multiplier. 

Division teaches to find how often one number is contained in another. The answer in division is called the _quotient_. The four terms made useof in division are, the dividend or number to be divided, the divisor, or number that divides, the quotient or answer which is the number oftimes one number is contained in another, and the remainder or what isleft after dividing. 

This explanation of arithmetic must serve you for the present, you shalllearn the multiplication table, and do some sums every day, and when youare thoroughly acquainted with these rules, we will proceed to theothers. 

_CHAPTER III. _

SATURDAY. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Come hither my dear Anne. Your smiling countenance tellsme I may give you a story, so take the book and let us hear the

_History of an Orphan. _

One fine autumnal morning in the year 1789, John and Cicely Wortham, with their little son Robert, began a long journey into the North ofEngland. They had hitherto resided at a small village near Abergavennyin South Wales, and there they would most probably have ended theirdays, had not John been informed of the death of a distant relation atDurham, to whose property he knew himself to be the rightful heir, though to secure it, he found it necessary to repair thither. Having, therefore, disposed of his Welsh hut, and converted all his furnitureinto money, he removed to London, and after spending a few days there, secured places on the outside of a stage-coach, which was to convey himwith his family about half way on their journey. 

Their conversation chiefly turned on the friends they had left, and thehopes of finding as kind ones in the country whither they were going. Robert was too young to be interested in either the hopes or fears ofhis parents; at the age of six months he slept as comfortably on hismother's red cloak as if he had been placed on a bed of down. 

Towards the close of their second day's journey the sky began to darken, and a violent storm of hail and rain completely penetrated the cloathsof our poor travellers. However, as they had been always accustomed tothe inclemency of the weather they did not much mind it, and Cicely, whowas an excellent mother, took care to prevent her boy from feeling anyinconvenience. In this manner they proceeded for several miles, till atlength a large stone in the winding of the road overturned the carriageand dashed all the outside passengers with violence to the ground. PoorCicely was killed on the spot; John had his leg and three of his ribsbroken, but little Robert escaped unhurt. This unfortunate family werecarried to a neighbouring farm-house, a surgeon was sent for who setJohn's leg, but all attempts to recover Cicely were fruitless, astronger and more powerful hand than that of the surgeon had for everclosed her eyes! The melancholy intelligence was for some hoursconcealed from her husband, but at length he enquired for his wife, andsoon discovered in the mournful countenances of those around him thatshe was no more. This fatal news, together with the pain of his leg andside, so agitated his mind, that his fever increased to a very alarmingdegree; and the third day from that on which the accident happened, poorJohn Wortham lay a lifeless corpse by the side of his beloved Cicely. 

The humane farmer into whose house they had been carried when the coachoverset, ordered them to be decently buried. Little Robert attended attheir funeral, but was quite unconscious of his loss, though he sadlycried for that nourishment he would never more receive from the breastof a mother. 

When the undertaker's bill and other expences were paid, farmer Hodsonfound that no more than six guineas remained for the young orphan. Thetrunks and pockets of his parents were carefully searched, but no paperappeared that gave the least information either of the name or residenceof the unfortunate pair. Hodson made every enquiry that seemed mostlikely to lead to a discovery of little Robert's remaining relations: headvertised the circumstance in several papers, but in vain, and he atlength gave up the fruitless search. Though by no means in flourishingcircumstances himself, yet he had not the heart to send the poor orphanto the parish, and as he had no children of his own, it was agreed, with his wife's consent, to bring him up as their adopted son. DameHodson took the greatest care of her little nursling, and she had thesatisfaction of seeing his daily improvement in health and good humour. 

As Robert grew in years, he discovered to his kind friends a heartframed for the reception of every noble and virtuous sentiment: by thetime he attained his twelfth year he was their chief delight, and theaffectionate supporter of their declining years. Time passed on, Hodsoncould not labour as he had done, and two bad years, joined to hisinfirmities, reduced the family to much distress. Now was the time forthe farmer to reap the reward of his generous compassion to a forlorninfant. Robert, ever industrious, earned enough with his own hands tomaintain his benefactors. Were they sick, Robert was their nurse--werethey sad, Robert was their comforter--he read to them, cheered theirdrooping spirits, and smoothed the pillow of declining years. 

It happened about this time, that a gentleman of the name of Goldworthy, bought a large estate in the county where farmer Hodson resided; heheard the story of young Robert, and felt greatly interested for thewhole family. He visited them, and found the accounts that had beengiven him were strictly true, and from that time he resolved to betheir friend. Mr. Goldworthy, though master of a large fortune, andconsequently placed above the reach of many misfortunes to which themore indigent are exposed, yet possessed a heart always alive to thedistresses of others. --He determined with Hodson's consent, to takecharge of young Robert, and fit him for some respectable employment, where he might have a larger scope for the exercise of his virtues andmore abundant means for gratifying his generous disposition. Hodson withgratitude accepted Mr. Goldworthy's proposal; but no temptation, howeveralluring to his youthful mind, could induce our hero to quit his old andearliest friends, till Mr. Goldworthy promised to remove them to acottage adjoining his own house, where they should be furnished withevery thing necessary to their support. Here they spent many happyyears, and had the heartfelt satisfaction of seeing their beloved boygrow up a respectable and worthy member of society, a useful assistantto his benefactor, and a friend to the poor. 

 * * * * *

"Dear mamma, " said Anne, "I am quite delighted with farmer Hodson andhis wife: they deserved Mr. Goldworthy's kindness to them, and what asweet little boy Robert must have been!"

_Mrs. Harley. _ Yes, my dear, he was an excellent youth, and his goodconduct met its reward in the affection of his friends. I wish you, mydear child, to be convinced, from this story, that there is no situationin life, however humble, which does not afford opportunities forexercising those duties recommended to us by our Saviour. --To feed thehungry, to clothe the naked, and to comfort the afflicted, is, to acertain degree, in the power of us all. You may be in a situation thatwill enable you to dispense comfort to many; but in relieving strangers, never forget the duties you owe to your own family; be mild andsubmissive when they correct you, obedient to their wishes, attentive totheir instructions, and endeavour by the affectionate gratitude of yourconduct, to repay the many hours of anxious solicitude they must spendon your account. 

Lift up your heart with gratitude to the great God who made you, and, when you reflect on the many blessings you enjoy, never, if you do meetwith little disappointments, give way to discontent and murmurings. Remember, it is easy to be good humoured when every thing happensagreeably to our wishes: it is only by cheerfully submitting to theopposition of them that a really good temper is proved. We must nowhasten to our other business, or we shall not have time to finish itbefore dinner. 

_Anne. _ I am quite ready to attend to you, dear mamma; Grammar, I think, is to be the subject of our lesson. What is the meaning of the wordGrammar?

THIRD LESSON. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ The shortest definition I can give you of Grammar, is Ibelieve, my dear, by saying, that it is the art of speaking and writinga language correctly. By parts of speech are meant the different kindsof words of which a language is composed: ours is the English language, and it contains _nine_ parts of speech, which are, The Article, The Noun or Substantive, The Pronoun, The Adjective, The Verb, The Adverb, The Preposition, The Conjunction, The Interjection. 

Do you think you can remember their names, Anne. 

_Anne. _ I will try do so, mamma. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ I will now give you a short explanation of them. Anarticle is placed before a substantive to limit or determine itsmeaning; the articles are _a_, _an_, and _the_; _a_ or _an_ is calledthe _indefinite article_, because it does not point out any particularobject: _the_ is called the _definite article_ because it determineswhat particular object is meant. Do you understand this explanation, mydear?

_Anne. _ Perfectly mamma; _a_ man, _an_ orange, mean any man, or anyorange; but _the_ man, _the_ orange, refer to some particular man ororange. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Quite right, _a_ you perceive is used before a consonantand _an_ before a vowel. 

A noun is the name of a _person_, _place_, or _thing_. Nouns are dividedinto _proper_ and _common_; _proper nouns_ are the names of particularpersons, places, or things, common nouns are the names that belong toall persons, places or things of the same kind. Give me some examples. 

_Anne. _ Anne, Clapham, Limetree, are proper nouns; girl, village, tree, are common nouns. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ _Gender_ is the distinction of sex; there are threegenders, the _masculine_ which denotes the male kind as, a man: the_feminine_ which denotes the female kind as, a woman: and the _neuter_which denotes things without animated life as, a cabbage. 

_Number_ is the distinction of one from many: there are two numbers, the_singular_ which speaks of one; and the _plural_ which speaks of morethan one. Tell me some nouns with their genders and numbers. 

_Anne. _ I know that mamma is a noun of the feminine gender and singularnumber; men is a noun masculine and plural; table is neuter andsingular. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Very well. A _Pronoun_ is used to avoid repeating thenoun as, Frederic was good, and _he_ went out. There are four kinds ofpronouns. _Personal pronouns_, as, _I_, _me_; _thou_, _thee_; _he_, _him_; _she_, _her_; _it_: _we_, _us_; _you_; _they_, _them_. _Possessive pronouns_ which denote property, as, _my_, _mine_; _thy_, _thine_; _his_; _her_, _hers_; _its_: _our_, _ours_; _your_, _yours_;_their_, _theirs_; _whose_, _ones_, and _anothers_. _Relative pronouns_which refer to a noun going before or coming after them; they are, _who_, _whom_, _which_, _what_, and _whether_. _Demonstrative pronouns_point out some particular object; they are, _this_, _these_; _that_, and_those_. 

_Anne. _ I don't think I can remember all these words without readingthem over a great many times, but I quite understand the use of thepronoun, for it would be very awkward to say, Mary played, Marylaughed, and Mary danced; I ought to say, Mary played, she laughed, andshe danced. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ I am pleased with your attention. The _adjective_explains the _quality_, _colour_, _form_, _size_, or any other propertyof the noun, as, good, blue, square, large. The signification ofadjectives may be increased or diminished, and this is called_comparison_; there are two degrees of comparison, the comparative, which increases or diminishes the quality, is formed by adding _er_ tothe adjective in its positive state; the superlative increases ordiminishes the comparative to its last degree, and is formed by adding_est_ to the adjective in its positive or original state, as long, longer, longest; short, shorter, shortest. When the adjective consistsof more than two syllables, the comparative and superlative are formedby prefixing the words more and most to the adjective; as, beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful. Some adjectives differ entirely fromthese rules in forming their comparison, as, good, better, best; bad, worse, worst. Now, some examples. 

_Anne. _ Fine is an adjective because it is a quality, black because itis a colour, coarse is an adjective in its positive state, brighter isthe comparative degree, and youngest is the superlative. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ A _verb_ is a word which signifies _to be_, _to do_, or_to suffer_. Verbs are divided into _neuter_, _active_, and _passive_. Neuter verbs merely signify being, or that kind of action which has noeffect upon any thing beyond the performer, as, _I am_, _I sit_, _Iwalk_. (You may distinguish those neuter verbs that seem to imply actionfrom active verbs by their making a complete sense by themselves, whereas active verbs always require a noun or pronoun after them tofinish the sense. )

_Active verbs_, denote action as, I eat, I love, I work. _Passiveverbs_, denote suffering, they are only the _participle passive_ of anactive verb with a tense of the neuter verb _to be_ before it; as, _I amloved_, _you are dressed_. 

Any word is a verb before which you can place a _noun_, a _pronoun_, orthe word _to_, as _Mary talks_, _he works_, _to be_. The different timeswhen actions are performed are called _tenses_, there are properly onlythree, the present, as _I am_, the past as _I was_, and the future as _Ishall be_; but these are subdivided into others; and there are a greatmany other things relating to verbs, which you shall learn when you area little older. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, mamma, I believe I understand all that you have toldme about verbs, except the meaning of _participle passive_. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ A _participle passive_, my dear, is that part of a verbwhich follows a tense of either of the verbs _to have_, or _to be_. Some people consider it a distinct part of speech. 

_Adverbs_ denote _time_, _place_, _manner_, and _quantity_; thereforeyou may always know them by recollecting their meaning: _to-day_, _there_, _prettily_, _much_, are adverbs. 

Prepositions serve to connect words with one another and to shew therelation between them. They require some word after them to complete thesense; as, come _to_ me, _up_, _down_, _to_, _from_, _for_, areprepositions. 

Conjunctions join words and sentences together, as you _and_ I aregoing, _but_ she stays at home. 

Interjections express some emotion of the mind as, Alas! Oh! Ah!

I am afraid, my dear, you are quite tired of this long lesson, but Idon't expect you to remember all I have told you; we will talk over a_very_ small portion of it every day, and then in time you will be ableto tell me what part of speech any word is that I may ask you. --I willgive you a little example to shew you what I mean and then you shall runaway. 

The rose in your nosegay was very beautiful a little while ago; butalas! it is now quite dead!

_The_, an article definite--_rose_, a substantive, neuter gender, singular number--_in_, a preposition--_your_, a possessivepronoun--_nosegay_, a substantive--_was_, a verb neuter pasttense--_very_, an adverb--_beautiful_, an adjective--_a_, an articleindefinite--_little_, an adjective--_while_, a substantive--_ago_, anadverb--_but_, a conjunction--_alas!_, an interjection--_it_, a personalpronoun neuter gender--_is_, a verb--_now_, an adverb--_quite_, anadverb, --_dead_, a verb, participle passive. 

 * * * * *

Children might soon understand that a case in grammar signifies thedifferent terminations of nouns and pronouns. A noun has two cases, thenominative which simply names the object: it generally precedes theverb, and answers to the questions who? which? what? The genitivedenotes possession and is formed by adding an apostrophe, and the letter_s_ to the nominative; it answers to the question whose? When theplural nominative ends in _s_ the apostrophe only is added: ex. _Anne_plays. Who? Anne. --_Mary's_ gown. Whose? _Mary's. _--_Birds'_ feathers. Whose? _Birds'. _

A personal pronoun has two cases the _nominative_ and the _objective_. The nominative precedes the verb, and requires it to be of the sameperson and number as itself; it answers to the questions, who? which?what? The objective follows the verb, and answers to the question whom?ex. _I_ dance, who? _I. _--We love _her_, whom? _her. _

 SINGULAR. PLURAL. 

 _Nom. _ _Objec. _ _Nom. _ _Objec. _ I Me We Us Thou Thee You You He Him They Them She Her It It

The accusative case of the relative pronoun _who_ is _whom_. 

_CHAPTER IV_

SUNDAY. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Come hither, my love: you know that to-day is called_Sunday_, and is set apart for the observance of _religious_ duties. 

You have read in the Bible that God created the heavens, the earth, thesea, and all that therein is, in the space of six days, that he restedon the seventh, and called that day holy, ordering his people so toobserve it, and to abstain from every kind of labour throughout itsduration. Therefore, the Jews, to whom this commandment was originallygiven, keep their sabbath on Saturday, the last day in the week; butChristians, who have been taught the blessed religion of Jesus, beginthe week with praising God. No command for changing the day of worshipseems ever to have been given, either by our Saviour or the apostles;but we know that it was the custom of the earliest Christians, evenduring our Lord's time, to meet together on the first day of the weekfor the purpose of holding religious assemblies; and all nations whichhave embraced the religion of the New Testament have adhered to thispractice. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, mamma. Will you now perform your promise of givingme a new morning and evening prayer?

_Mrs. Harley. _ In the evening I will, my dear; but at present, I wish togive you a short account of the contents of the books contained in thesacred volumes. As yet you have only read detached parts of them, andbefore you proceed to a more general perusal, it may be useful to havesome distinct idea of the whole. The account I shall give you I havechiefly extracted from Dr. Prettyman's Elements of Christian Theology. 

All the books of the Bible were originally written in Hebrew, exceptinga few passages towards the conclusion of the volume, which appear inthe Chaldee tongue. The English translation used in all our churches wasbegun and completed in the reign of James the first. 

The five first books of the Bible are, Genesis, which begins with anaccount of the creation of the world, and ends with the death of Joseph. 

Exodus, which relates the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt;their bondage in that country, deliverance by Moses, and thepromulgation of the law. 

Leviticus, which describes the offices and duties of the Levites andpriests. 

Numbers, which contains an account of the numbering of the people in thewilderness when a very miraculous increase was found to have takenplace since the arrival of Jacob and his family in Egypt. 

Deuteronomy, which contains a repetition of the civil and moral law, andends with the death of Moses. These five books are called thePentateuch, and were written by Moses. They contain the history of 2552years and a half. 

Joshua, contains an account of the conquest and division of Canaan amongthe twelve tribes, and ends with the death of Joshua. This book issupposed to have been written by himself, excepting the last few verses, which were added by one of his successors. 

Judges gives an account of the Jewish history from the death of Mosesto that of Sampson. It was most probably written by Samuel. 

Ruth contains the history of the person of that name, a native of Moab:she married Boaz an Israelite, and was the great grandmother of David. This book is generally ascribed to Samuel. The first book of Samuelcompletes the government of the Judges, and relates the appointment ofSaul to be king of Israel, the rejection of his family, and theanointing of David. 

The second book of Samuel continues the history of David after the deathof Saul. Most probably, Samuel wrote the first 24 chapters of the firstbook, and the prophets Gad and Nathan the remainder of it, and all thesecond. 

The first book of Kings commences with an account of the death ofDavid, and continues to that of Jehosaphat. 

The second book of Kings continues the history of the kings of Judah andIsrael to the destruction of the city and temple of Jerusalem byNebuchadnezzar. These books were probably compiled by Ezra, from therecords which were kept both at Jerusalem and Samaria of all publictransactions. 

The two books of Chronicles contain a great many genealogical tables, and various circumstances omitted in the other historical books ofScripture. 

Ezra, continues the Jewish history from the edict of Cyrus (whichpermitted the Jews to return to their own land, and rebuild theirtemple, ) to the reform effected among them, by Ezra and Nehemiah. Ezrawrote part of this book in Chaldee. 

Nehemiah gives an account of his own appointment to the government ofJudea, and his administration to the year of the world 3595, at whichperiod the scripture history closes. 

Esther, contains the history of a Jewish captive of that name, who byher good qualities gained the affections of Ahasuerus, and was by himraised to the throne of Persia. It is supposed that by Ahasuerus ismeant Artaxerxes Longimanus. There is great diversity of opinionconcerning the author of this book; it has been ascribed to Ezra, toMordecai, and to the joint labours of the great synagogue. 

Job, contains the history of a man remarkable for his piety andpatience, under severe afflictions. The author of this book is veryuncertain. Some ascribe it to Moses, others to Job himself. 

The Psalms, are a collection of hymns in praise of God, written bydifferent persons, but as the greater part of them was composed byDavid, they are generally called the Psalms of David. 

The Proverbs, are a collection of short sentences, written by Solomon, in which much excellent advice is contained. 

Ecclesiastes, is supposed to have been written by Solomon, after herepented of the idolatry and sin into which he fell, towards the closeof his life, and with the design to point out the vanity of worldlypursuits, in order to induce men to prepare for that state, where therewill be no vanity nor vexation of spirit. 

The Song of Solomon, is a pastoral dialogue, supposed to have beenwritten by him, upon his marriage with the daughter of Pharoah. 

It is universally allowed that the 16 Prophetical Books, and theLamentations of Jeremiah, which describe the desolation of Judah, duringthe Babylonian captivity, and prophecy the still greater misfortunes tobe suffered at a future time, were written by the persons whose namesthey bear. 

The four great prophets were, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, andDaniel. --The twelve minor prophets were, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habbakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, andMalachi. 

The books of the New Testament were all originally written in Greek;except St. Matthew's Gospel, and St. Paul's Epistle to the Hebrews, which many commentators suppose to have been originally composed inHebrew, and then immediately translated into Greek; but opinions in thisrespect are much divided. 

The Four Gospels, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, give anaccount of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of our Saviour. 

The Acts of the Apostles written by Luke, gives an historical account ofthe progress of Christianity after our Saviour's ascension. The latterpart of the book is confined to the history of Saint Paul, of whom St. Luke was the constant companion for many years. 

Of the fourteen Epistles ascribed to St. Paul, viz. Romans, 1 and 2 tothe Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2to the Thessalonians, 1 and 2 to Timothy, Titus, Philemon, and Hebrews, the first thirteen have, in all ages of the Church, been universallyacknowledged to be written by him. Many doubts have been entertainedconcerning the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews. St. Paul was bornat Tarsus the principal city of Cilicia in Asia Minor, and was by birthboth a Jew and a citizen of Rome. St. Paul is not mentioned in theGospels, nor is it known whether he ever heard our Saviour preach. Hisname is first noticed in the account of St. Stephen's Martyrdom, whichwas followed by a severe persecution of the Church at Jerusalem, inwhich St. Paul, (who was then called Saul) distinguished himself amongits enemies, by his activity and violence. He was going to Damascus, tobring back bound any Christians whom he might find there, when hismiraculous conversion took place: after which, he became one of the mostzealous preachers of the Gospel; and as he devoted much of his time tothe instruction of the Gentiles, he is called the _Apostle of theGentiles_. Gentiles, was the appellation by which all nations weredistinguished, that were not Jews, and consequently the Gentiles werePagans. St. Paul performed many voyages and journies in the service ofthe Christian religion, and the New Testament history closes A. D. 63, with his release from a two years imprisonment at Rome; no ancientauthor has left any particulars of the remaining part of this Apostle'slife. 

The Epistle of St. James was written by that Apostle, who is calledJames the Less, the son of Alphæus or Cleophat, which are supposed tobe the same name, differently written. It contains much excellentinstruction. 

The two Epistles of St. Peter, were written by that Apostle, who enjoyedthe favour of his divine master, in a peculiar degree. St. Peter seemsto have been almost the constant companion of our Lord, and wasextremely zealous in propagating his religion, though he wasoccasionally led into great errors, particularly the denial of hismaster, but his bitter remorse and repentance, prove that his sorrow forthis crime was sincere. He admitted Cornelius, the first Gentileconvert, into the Christian faith, but as the chief of his instructionswere confined to the Jews, he is called the apostle of the Jews. 

The three Epistles of St. John, were written by the apostle who wasfavoured with the greatest share of our Saviour's affection. He leanedon his bosom at the last supper, and was one of the first who were madeacquainted with his resurrection. 

The Epistle of St. Jude was written by the apostle, who was also calledLebbæus and Thaddæus, he was the brother of James the Less, andexcepting in the catalogue of the apostles, is only once mentioned inthe Gospels. (John chap. 14, verse 22). 

The Revelation of John the divine, was written by the same Evangelistand Apostle who wrote the Gospels and Epistles bearing that name. TheRevelation is a prophetical book, and was written by St. John, duringhis banishment to the isle of Patmos, in the time of Domitian. St. Johnis supposed to have been the youngest of the Apostles, and to havesurvived all the rest. He died at Ephesus in Asia Minor, in the thirdyear of the emperor Trajan's reign, A. D. 100. --The Apostles were twelvegood men, whom Jesus chose to be the ministers of his gospel. They wereentrusted with the power of working miracles: and their names were, Simon Peter, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphæus (calledalso James the Less, ) Thaddeus whose sirname was Jude, Simon theCanaanite, and Judas Iscariot. --After the death of Judas Iscariot whobetrayed our Saviour, Matthias was chosen in his stead. 

The Disciples of Christ, were those who learned of him as their master. 

Thus, my dear, I have given you a short account of all the bookscontained in the sacred volumes. I will now mention to you, a few of theprincipal Jewish sects, and then proceed to some description of thehistory of that people. 

There does not appear to have been any difference of religious opinionsamong the Jews, till after the cessation of prophecy: most of themsprang up, subsequent to the return from the Babylonian captivity. 

The Scribes are not usually considered as a religious sect: they werewriters of the law, and often perverted the meaning of the text, insteadof explaining it. "Scribes, " "doctors of the law, " and "lawyers, " wereonly different names for the same class of men. 

The Pharisees believed in the immortality of the soul, the resurrectionof the dead, and in a future state of rewards and punishments. "Trustingin themselves that they were righteous, " they despised the rest ofmankind, were entirely destitute of humility towards God, and paid moreattention to outward ceremonies than to the duties of moral virtue. 

The Sadducees denied the resurrection of the dead, and the immortalityof the soul; therefore, confining all their hopes to this present world, they devoted themselves to its pleasures, and only punished the crimeswhich disturbed the public tranquillity. 

The Nazarites, of whom we read in the Old and New Testament, werepersons either devoted to God by their parents, or who devotedthemselves for life, or for a limited time. The only three instances ofNazarites devoted to God by their parents before their birth, areSampson, Samuel, and John the Baptist. 

The Herodians were partizans of Herod the Great. 

The Galileans, so called from their leader Judas of Galilee, were a veryturbulent and seditious sect, and by degrees united to themselves almostall the other sects. 

The Publicans were not of any sect, civil or religious, but merelytax-gatherers, and collectors of customs due to the Romans. ThePublicans were generally Jews, and by their employment were renderedodious to their brethren. 

Proselytes were those persons, who being Gentiles by birth, came over tothe Jewish religion, but retained that name, till they were admittedinto the congregation of the Lord, as adopted children. 

The land of Canaan, so named from Canaan the son of Ham, whoseposterity possessed this land, as well as Egypt or Mizraim, lies in thewestern part of Asia. Its boundaries were to the north, Coelo Syria;to the west, the Mediterranean Sea; to the east, Arabia Deserta; and tothe south and south west, Arabia Petrea and Egypt. Its extent was about200 miles from north to south, and its breadth 100. --It was divided intotwo parts, by the river Jordan; the capital was Jerusalem, (supposed tohave been the Salem of Melchisedek. ) The whole country was also calledPalestine from the Philistines, who inhabiting the western coast, werefirst known to the Romans, and being by them corruptly calledPalestines, gave that name to the country; but it was more commonlycalled Judea, as the land of the Jews. Since our Saviour's advent it hasbeen called the Holy land, but in modern writers, all distinction isfrequently lost in the name of Syria, which is given to the wholecountry east of the Mediterranean, between the sea and the desert. 

 * * * * *

The government of the Jews partook of the patriarchal form, as much aswas consistent with the condition and circumstances of a nation. 

The leaders or princes of the 12 tribes, possessed a peculiar andsupreme authority over each tribe, as their chief magistrate and leaderin time of war. 

The elders or rulers of cities, only exercised authority in their ownrespective cities, and as well as the princes were subject to the greatcouncil. 

The Sanhedrim or great national council of the Jews was established byMoses: it consisted of 70 persons, besides the president, who after thetime of Moses was usually the High Priest. 

 * * * * *

The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Bible, made at Alexandria, when Ptolemy Philadelphus was king of Egypt. It is often signified inbooks by "the LXX. "

The Vulgate was a very ancient version of the Bible in Latin. 

The Bible commences with an account of the creation of the world, 4004B. C. , the history of our first parents, their deviation from virtue, and the evil consequences that ensued. To Adam and Eve were born sonsand daughters. The only three mentioned by name, are Cain, Abel andSeth, and the sacred historian has chiefly confined himself to theposterity of Seth, from whom Noah descended: in his time mankind becamevery wicked, and to punish them, God sent a violent rain upon the earthwhich caused a general deluge, and all the inhabitants of the world weredrowned, except Noah, his wife, their three sons, Shem, Ham, andJaphet, and their wives, and a few animals of every kind. Thedescendants of Noah and his sons multiplied greatly, and "they were allof one language, " after a time the whole race of men moved from theiroriginal habitations in Armenia, and settled in the plains of Shinarnear the Euphrates. Here they determined to establish themselves, andbuild a tower whose top might reach the heavens. God was displeased withthis work, which seems to have been undertaken in defiance of his power, and he confounded the language of those who were engaged in it. Thisobliged them to discontinue their labour; they soon after dispersed, andthe different parts of the world became inhabited. 

Terah the father of Abraham was a descendant of Shem; he settled withhis family in Haran in Mesopotamia, where he died: God soon aftercommanded Abraham to remove with his wife Sarah into the land of Canaan, and here when they were far advanced in age, their son Isaac was born. God made many remarkable promises to Abraham, and one of them was, "thatin him all the families of the earth should be blessed. " This was adeclaration that the Messiah should be a descendant of Abraham. To maketrial of his obedience, God ordered him to offer up Isaac, as a burntoffering on Mount Moriah, but just as he was going to slay him, anangel of the Lord appeared, and told him not to touch the lad, but totake a ram and offer it up in his stead. It was upon this mountain thatSolomon's temple was afterwards built and here our Saviour wascrucified, the mountain being then called Calvary. 

Isaac married Rebekah, and had two sons, Esau and Jacob. Jacob thoughthe younger obtained the rights of primogeniture; he also procured hisfather's blessing by very unjustifiable means; and then repaired toPadan-aram to take a wife out of his own family. He married Leah andRachel, and had twelve sons, who were called the twelve Patriarchs orfathers of the 12 tribes of Israel, their names were, Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphthali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zabulon, Joseph andBenjamin. They were all born in Padan-aram; but Jacob returned to Canaanbefore his father's death. Joseph was the favourite son of Jacob; onwhich account his brethren hated him, and at length sold him to someIshmaelites, who were merchants, and the descendants of Ishmael a son ofAbraham; these Ishmaelites carried Joseph into Egypt, where he became aslave to Potiphar, the chief officer under the king. His good conductsoon gained the esteem and confidence of his master, but the wickednessof Potiphar's wife caused him to be thrown into prison. He was releasedfrom this confinement, in order to interpret two dreams of Pharoah's. God enabled him to discover that they predicted seven years of plentywhich would be followed by seven years of famine; and the wise adviceJoseph gave the king on this subject, induced the monarch to raise himto a very high office in his kingdom, and entrust to him the whole careof collecting and managing the corn. This famine was severely felt inCanaan, and Jacob sent his sons into Egypt to purchase corn. Josephrecognised his brethren, and after putting them to several trials, forthe purpose of making them properly sensible of their former cruelconduct, he discovered himself to them in a very affectionate manner;he enquired concerning his father, and when he found the old man wasstill alive, he desired his brothers to fetch him, and their familiesout of Canaan. Jacob who had bitterly wept the loss of his favouriteson, whom he believed from the accounts of his other children to havebeen devoured by a wild beast, rejoiced when he heard of his safety, anddesired to go to Egypt to see him before he died. Pharoah gave Joseph'sfamily the land of Goshen for their residence; and during his reign, theHebrews were held in great estimation. The descendants of Jacobmultiplied to so great a degree, that about sixty years after the deathof Joseph, the king who then reigned over Egypt became jealous of theirnumbers, and endeavoured to check their increase by slaying the infants, and reducing the parents to a state of slavery. They suffered manyhardships during several years, but at length God was pleased to deliverthem in a miraculous manner by the hand of Moses, who would soon haveconducted them into the promised land, had not their disobedience andperverseness brought upon them the punishment of a forty years'wandering in the wilderness. During this time, God commanded Moses todeliver his laws to the people of Israel. Aaron the brother of Moses wasmade High Priest, and to him was committed the superintendance ofreligious ceremonies. 

Neither Moses nor Aaron were permitted to enter the promised land onaccount of their disobedience to a command of God; and they both died inthe wilderness during the last year of their wandering. Joshua wasappointed to succeed Moses in the important office of leader of thepeople, God promised him his support, and when all things were prepared, he led the Israelites to the banks of the river Jordan: as soon as theirfeet touched the water, the current was stopped, the river became dryground, and the people entered the country opposite to the city ofJericho, which was taken in a miraculous manner. 

Some time after Joshua's death, Judges were appointed to govern Israel:they were 12 in number and their government lasted rather more than 300years. Othniel was the first of the Judges, and Samuel the last. In histime the people desired to have a king like other nations, and Godcommanded him to anoint Saul of the tribe of Benjamin 1095 years B. C. , to be the first king of Israel. Johim succeeded David of the tribe ofJudah, and at his death the throne devolved to his son Solomon, whobuilt a temple to the name of the "Lord his God;" in it were depositedthe ark--the holy Scriptures, and other sacred things. --Solomon wassucceeded by his son Rehoboam, the folly and wickedness of whose conductinduced ten of the tribes to revolt, and they chose Jeroboam one of hisofficers for their king. The two tribes that remained faithful toRehoboam were Judah and Benjamin. Rehoboam's kingdom was called Judah, and the capital of it was Jerusalem. Jeroboam's kingdom was named Israeland its chief city was Samaria. 

Jeroboam was succeeded by his son Nadab; and after he had reigned twoyears, he was killed by Baasha, who usurped the crown and destroyed thewhole race of Jeroboam, a man remarkable for his impiety. --All thesucceeding kings of Judah were descendants of Rehoboam, which fulfilledthe promise made by God to David, that he would "establish his house andthe throne of his kingdom for ever:" this was a declaration that theMessiah was to be a descendant of David. 

There were frequent wars between the kings of Judah and Israel, andbetween them and the neighbouring kings, --the kings and people both ofJudah and Israel, soon fell into the greatest depravity; and at lengthGod suffered Shalmaneser king of Assyria, by the capture of Samaria inthe reign of Hoshea, to put an end to the kingdom of Israel 721 yearsB. C. And about 250 years after its first establishment into a separatekingdom. And 606 years B. C. And about 115 years after the destructionof the kingdom of Israel, God permitted Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, to invade Judea in the reign of Jehoiakim, and to besiege and takeJerusalem. Jehoiakim was carried prisoner to Babylon, though afterwardsrestored to his kingdom, and succeeded by two other kings, yet, fromthis period may be dated the commencement of the Babylonian captivity, which according to the prediction of Jeremiah was to last 70 years. Whenthis time was completed, Cyrus, under whom were united the kingdoms ofPersia, Media, and Babylon, permitted the Jews to return to their ownland, and rebuild their temple at Jerusalem. 

They were conducted by Zerubbabel the grandson of Jeconias, and Joshuathe son of Josedec the high priest. The second temple was finished inthe reign of king Darius of Persia. 

The settlement of the people "after their old estate, " together with thearrangement of all civil and ecclesiastical matters, were completed byEzra and Nehemiah. 

At the period, about 430 years B. C. The Scripture history closes, andfor the remaining particulars of the Jewish history recourse must be hadto uninspired writers, particularly to the books of the Maccabees and toJosephus. 

Judea continued subject to Persia until Alexander conquered thatcountry; it then fell under his dominion and he treated the Jews withgreat lenity. After the conqueror's death, Judea became subject to hissuccessors, till Mattathias, a priest eminent for his piety andresolution, encouraged the people to shake off the Syrian yoke. Mattathias died before this was effected, but his son Judas Maccabeuscompleted the deliverance of his country, and the government of Judearemained in his family till the time of Herod the great, who put an endto the administration of the Maccabees or Armenians, and prevailed uponthe Roman senate to appoint him king of Judea. 

It was in the thirty sixth year of the reign of Herod, and whileAugustus was Emperor of Rome that our Saviour Jesus Christ was born, four years before the common æra. 

Herod was a cruel tyrant to his people, and even to his own children:but to keep the Jews in subjection, and to erect a lasting monument tohis own name, he repaired the temple at Jerusalem, and considerablyenlarged the kingdom of Judea. 

At his death, the countries over which he had reigned were divided amonghis three sons, but they were not allowed to take the title of kings;they were called ethnarchs or tetrarchs. Archelaus one of Herod's sons, acting with great cruelty and injustice, was, by order of Augustus, banished to Vienne in Gaul, where he died. His dominions were thenreduced to a Roman province, and from this time the Jews possessed butlittle civil authority. Justice was administered in the name and by thelaws of Rome, and taxes were paid immediately to the emperor. Several ofthe Roman governors severely oppressed and persecuted the Jews, and atlength, in the reign of Nero they openly revolted from the Romans. Thenbegan the Jewish war, which was terminated after an obstinate defenceand unparalleled suffering, on the part of the Jews, by the totaldestruction of the city and temple of Jerusalem, by Titus son ofVespasian the Roman emperor. Since that time the Jews have no wheresubsisted as a nation. 

Though I have endeavoured, my dear, to give you as brief an account aspossible of the Jewish history, yet the subject is so interesting, thatI perceive it has already occupied a much longer time than I at firstintended. The history of our Saviour's ministry and the Acts of theApostles we must therefore defer to a future opportunity: though Ihardly know if these subjects require any elucidation; the facts in theNew Testament being recorded in so clear a manner by the Evangeliststhemselves, that I think they must be intelligible even to yourapprehension. 

I hope you will perceive that I have mentioned but very slightly some ofthe most interesting and important events, purposely to induce you toseek a more detailed account of them in the sacred volume itself. Thisinestimable treasure will I am sure furnish the most agreeable topic ofmany of our future conversations. You, my dear, have never been taughtto consider religion as a dry and difficult study, but rather as a meansof adding to the cheerful enjoyment of the many blessings bestowed uponyou by the almighty giver of all good, and I trust the gratitude andpiety of your future life will prove you worthy of being called adisciple of the benevolent Jesus. 

_Anne. _ Indeed, mamma, I feel the truth of what you say, and I willendeavour to act as you wish me. --I am sure I shall have much morepleasure in reading those parts of the Bible you think proper for me, now I have some connected idea of the whole. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ I believe you will. But good bye, my love, for thepresent: when you go to bed you will find the prayers you asked for onmy table; there are besides two hymns which I have selected from anadmirable collection. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, mamma, I will learn to repeat them. 

_A Morning Prayer for a Child. _

O Almighty God, the Father and Preserver of all mankind! I desire tooffer thee my sincerest thanks that I am arisen this morning in healthand safety. May I spend the day on which I am now entered inendeavouring to do thy will: let me carefully avoid all that I know tobe displeasing in thy sight, and diligently apply myself to perform allthe good in my power. May I keep a strict watch over my lips and temper, and try to live in peace with those around me. Grant thy protection andblessing to my relations and friends; if it should please thee topreserve us through this day, may the close of it find us more worthy ofagain addressing thee through Jesus Christ, Our Father, &c. 

_An Evening Prayer. _

Almighty and Merciful God! at the close of another day which thou hastgraciously permitted me to spend in the enjoyment of many blessings, Iwould return thee humble thanksgivings from a grateful heart. Consciousof the many errors I am continually committing, I would earnestlyimplore thy pardon for whatsoever has been amiss in my conduct this day. Forgive me, O Lord, every foolish and angry word I have spoken, everyperverse thought I have indulged, all I have done that I ought not tohave done, and all I have left undone that I ought to have done. O may Itruly repent of these my past faults, and strive to amend my futurelife. Bless my relations and friends; pardon all their pasttransgressions, and if it please thee to preserve us through the night, may we arise in the morning to do thy will. Above all the otherblessings thou hast granted me, I would value that of having becomeearly acquainted with the religion of Jesus. May his example be myguide, and, with a thankful remembrance of all he did and suffered forour sakes, I sum up my petitions for the whole human race in the prayerhimself taught us, saying, Our Father, &c. 

 A MORNING HYMN. 

 Lord of my life! O may thy praise Employ my noblest powers. Whose goodness lengthens out my days, And fills the circling hours!

 Preserved by thine almighty arm, I pass the shades of night, Serene, and safe from every harm, And see returning light. 

 While many spent the night in sighs, And restless pains and woes; In gentle sleep I clos'd my eyes, And undisturb'd repose. 

 When sleep, death's semblance o'er me spread, And I unconscious lay, Thy watchful care was round my bed, To guard my feeble clay. 

 O let the same almighty care My waking hours attend; From every danger, every snare, My heedless steps defend. 

 Smile on my minutes as they roll, And guide my future days; And let thy goodness fill my soul With gratitude and praise. 

 AN EVENING HYMN. 

 Great God! to thee my ev'ning song, With humble gratitude, I raise; O let thy mercy tune my tongue, And fill my heart with lively praise?

 My days unclouded, as they pass, And ev'ry gently rolling hour, Are monuments of wond'rous grace, And witness to thy love and power. 

 Thy love and power, celestial guard, Preserve me from surrounding harms: Can danger reach me, while the Lord Extends his kind protecting arms?

 Let cheering hope my eyelids close, With sleep refresh my feeble frame, Safe in thy care may I repose, And wake with praises to thy name. 

_CHAPTER V. _

MONDAY. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ The story you are to read this morning, my dear, isfounded upon facts which come within my own observation. I dare say youhave frequently heard the French Revolution spoken of: it was this eventwhich gave rise to the incidents contained in

_The History of the Melcour Family. _

Mr. De Melcour was the son of a younger branch of a good family; hisfather died when he was quite a child, and left him but a smallpatrimony. He early entered the army, where for many years he servedhis country with honour and fidelity: he was present in severalengagements, and by his bravery and exemplary conduct, acquired theesteem of all his fellow officers. During the peace which followed theAmerican war he married an amiable lady, whose fortune united to hisown, enabled him to quit the noisy scenes of a military life, and settleon a beautiful little estate he purchased in the province of Gascony. Here he enjoyed all the happiness which a good conscience, a goodtemper, and a feeling heart can bestow, joined to the blessings ofdomestic peace. Madame de Melcour spent her time in the bosom of herfamily; she had little taste for the dissipation of the capital, andpossessing only a limited income, had she indulged herself in expensivepleasures, she must have foregone the higher satisfaction ofcontributing to the comfort of those in less fortunate circumstances. She had profited by the excellent education her parents had been carefulto give her, and this enabled her to bring up her own children withlittle assistance from others. Frederic and Elizabeth were the happiestlittle boy and girl in the neighbourhood: they tenderly loved theirparents, and feeling the necessity of doing their duty, it became quitehabitual to them. The little faults natural to childhood they wereconscious would not be punished with severity, and their good actionsthey knew would never pass unrewarded. Frederic employed much of histime in working in a little garden that his father had given him:Elizabeth assisted in the management of the flowers, and their highestambition was to present their mamma with a nosegay of roses, before anywere blown in the _great_ garden. 

Thus happily passed many years at Melcour; when the troubles attendanton the revolution came to disturb the tranquillity of their domesticenjoyment. M. De Melcour was called upon to resume a military command;and though he disapproved of many of the measures that had been pursuedby the government, yet, when he saw his sovereign in distress, he wouldnot withhold his aid. He was particularly active in endeavouring to puta stop to the devastation caused by a misguided populace; and in a fraybetween some peasants and soldiers, he fell a victim to his benevolentexertions in the cause of humanity. 

The sad news was brought to Madame de Melcour just as she was recoveringfrom the bed of sickness; her constitution already much weakened, wasunable to support the fatal shock, and she soon after closed her eyesfor ever in the arms of her beloved children. 

At this period, Frederic was just fifteen, his sister two years younger;they were left without any protector but an aged grandmother, who hadconstantly resided with her daughter since the marriage of the latterwith M. De Melcour. Already suffering from the infirmities of age, Madame de Joinville felt herself unable to resist the persecutions ofill-disposed persons, and in the course of a few months found itnecessary to leave the chateau. It was her intention to retire with hergrandchildren into England, the country where she had spent much of theearly part of her life, and where she still hoped to discover some ofher former friends. Accordingly, having settled her affairs as well asthe distracted state of the nation would permit, and, accompanied byFrederic and Elizabeth, she proceeded to the nearest seaport. Theyencountered many difficulties on the road, but at length, throughFrederic's activity, succeeded in securing their passage in a vesselthat was on the point of sailing for England. 

Madame de Joinville suffered extremely from the fatigues and anxietiesshe had lately undergone, and on their arrival at ---- it was foundnecessary to remain there a few days in order to recruit her exhaustedstrength. 

As soon as Madame de Joinville was sufficiently recovered, theyhastened to London, where, by the assistance of some friends, a smallhouse was hired for their reception. The expences of a long journey hadmuch diminished the sum Madame de Joinville had collected before herdeparture from France, and the most rigid economy was necessary toprevent them from becoming burthensome to others. In thesecircumstances, Frederic could not bear the idea of leading an idle life;he greatly wished to follow the profession of his father, but theanxious fears of his grandmother and sister long opposed hisinclinations: however, he at length prevailed, and entered a regimentthat was ordered on foreign service. The parting between Elizabeth andFrederic was a melancholy scene: she was long inconsolable for his loss, but religion, which she had always been taught to consider as the bestcomforter of the afflicted, came to her aid, and feeling the necessityof submission, she determined by active exertions to divert her mindfrom past calamities. 

It was now that Elizabeth felt the inestimable advantages of _a goodeducation_; she perfectly understood the English language; her industryand punctuality procured her many friends, who, young as she was, entrusted her with the translation of papers of consequence, and thereward she received for her labour, greatly contributed to the supportof the family. Every instant she could spare from her employment and thecare of their domestic affairs, was devoted to her grandmother. Shenursed her when sick, read aloud for her amusement, and by every kindattention endeavoured to lessen her regret for the blessings she hadlost. Madame de Joinville has often been heard to declare, that withoutthe filial affection of her granddaughter she could hardly havesupported her afflictions. The infirmities of age must sometimes renderthose advanced in years petulant and capricious: Elizabeth nevermurmured when her endeavours to please failed of success; much less didshe irritate her grandmother by contradiction; she patiently submittedto these trials of her temper, and when evening came, and Madame deJoinville retired to rest, Elizabeth thought herself amply repaid forany little disappointments she had encountered during the day, byreceiving her blessing and the assurance of her tenderest love. 

Frederic remained two years abroad; whatever he could spare from his ownactual wants he constantly remitted to his sister; but without herindustry they would often have been greatly distressed. At lengthElizabeth's noble and pious conduct was made known to a lady who hadformerly been an intimate acquaintance of Madame de Joinville's family. Her visits to the old lady gave her constant opportunities of witnessingthe amiable disposition of her granddaughter; and anxious to reward hervirtues, she interested herself so warmly in their concerns, that atlength, through the intercession of some powerful friends, a restitutionof part of M. De Melcour's property was procured for his children. Elizabeth when in happier circumstances preserved the same humility ofmind, and her never failing attention to her grandmother was rewarded bythe pleasure of seeing the comforts of her last days make amends for thesorrows that had embittered so many of her former ones. 

Frederic arrived in England soon after this happy change in theircircumstances; he would have wished his sister to return to theirnative country, but the inconvenience of removing her grandmother, andthe still unquiet state of the continent, induced her to prefer aresidence in that land where she was secured from the horrors she hadonce witnessed. Frederic yielded to her reasons; and when their affairsobliged him to leave her, a constant correspondence maintained theaffection that had always subsisted from their earliest years. 

 * * * * *

"Dear mamma, " said Anne, "I think I like Elizabeth better than any ofthe young people I have yet read about, but do you really believe thereever was so good a character?"

_Mrs. Harley. _ Certainly, my dear; and I have no doubt but many such areto be found. They must be depraved indeed, who can be wanting inaffection to their parents. But I fear we must not comment a great dealon this story at present, or there will not be time to give you someaccount of _Geography_, which I intend for your study this morning. 

_Anne. _ I will then, mamma, after dinner, ask you to explain to me a fewof the words I did not quite understand. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Do, my dear, I shall be happy to give you all theinformation you desire. 

FOURTH LESSON. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ You know, my dear, what is meant by Geography?

_Anne. _ O yes, mamma, Geography is a description of the earth weinhabit. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ And the earth (which the globe before us represents, ) isdivided into four parts, viz. Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Thethree first are contained in the eastern hemisphere, and are called theold world. America is situated in the western hemisphere, and is calledthe new world, because discovered in modern times. 

_Anne. _ Pray, mamma, is not a continent one of the divisions of theland?

_Mrs. Harley. _ Yes, my dear; for after we have divided the whole globeinto land and water, we again subdivide the land into Continents, Islands, Peninsulas, Isthmusses, and Promontories, --the water intoOceans, Seas, Straits, Gulfs, Bays, Lakes, Rivers, and Creeks. 

A Continent is a large tract of land containing several countries whichare not separated by seas; as Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. 

An Island, is a tract of land entirely surrounded by water, as Britain, Ireland, Sicily, &c. 

A Peninsula, is a tract of land almost surrounded by water, and isjoined to the main land by an isthmus, as the Morea. 

An Isthmus, is a narrow neck of land that joins a peninsula to thecontinent, as the Isthmus of Corinth. 

A Cape or Promontory, is that high part of land which shoots into thesea, and appears to terminate in a point, as the Cape of Good Hope inAfrica, Cape Finistere in Spain, &c. 

A Shore or Coast, is that land which borders upon the sea. 

The Ocean, is that general collection of water which surrounds the wholeearth. It is distinguished by the names of the four cardinal points ofthe world; viz. The northern or icy ocean, which environs the northpole; the western or Atlantic Ocean, which lies between Europe andAmerica, extending to the Equator; the southern or Ethiopic Ocean, whichextends from the Equator between Africa and America; and the Eastern orIndian Ocean, which washes the eastern coast of Africa, and the southerncoast of Asia. To these have been added by later discoveries the PacificOcean, commonly called the Great South Sea, between America and Asia;and the Antarctic Icy Ocean which surrounds the South Pole. 

A Sea, is a part of the Ocean, into which we must enter by some strait, and it is almost surrounded by land, as the Mediterranean and BalticSeas. 

A Strait, is a narrow passage opening a way into some sea, as theStraits of Gibraltar, the Hellespont. 

A Gulf is a part of an ocean or sea, which runs up considerably into theland, as the Gulf of Venice, the Gulf of Mexico, &c. 

A Bay is a smaller kind of gulf, (and is frequently much smaller at theentrance than in the middle) as the Bay of Naples. 

A Lake is a collection of water entirely surrounded by land, as the Lakeof Geneva, and the Lake of Constance: when no stream flows in or out ofit, it is called a pool. 

A River is a current or stream, which rises in some elevated land, andflows into the sea, another river, or lake, as the River Thames, theMedway, and the River St. Lawrence. 

A Creek, is a small part of the sea or of a river which runs but alittle way into the land. 

That part of the sea which flows between the shores of an Island and aContinent, is called a Channel, as the English Channel. 

This description of the divisions of land and water, I wish you tocommit to memory; and I will shew you all the names I have mentioned onthe globe, which will give you a more perfect idea of them, than you canacquire by reading only. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, mamma; but I hope you will tell me a little more ofthe earth. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Willingly, my dear. You have read that after the flood, the world was peopled by Noah's children: Shem and his descendantsspread over Asia, Ham over Africa, and Japhet over Europe. It isuncertain who were the original inhabitants of America. Europe, thoughthe smallest of the four parts of the world, is much the most populous;and here the arts and sciences are brought to the greatest perfection:it is divided into different countries, of which the following are theprincipal, though many of them, have undergone great changes during thelast few years. 

 ON THE NORTH. 

 _Countries. _ _Capitals. _

 1 Norway Bergen 2 Sweden Stockholm 3 Denmark Copenhagen 4 Russia St. Petersburgh

 IN THE MIDDLE. 

 British {England London Dominions 1 {Scotland Edinburgh {Ireland Dublin 2 France Paris 3 Swisserland Bern 4 Netherlands Brussels 5 United Provinces Amsterdam 6 Germany Vienna 7 Bohemia Prague 8 Hungary Presburgh 9 Poland Cracow 10 Prussia Koningsburgh

Note. Berlin, in Germany, was the capital of the king of Prussia'sDominions. 

 IN THE SOUTH. 

 1 Spain Madrid 2 Portugal Lisbon 3 Italy Rome 4 Turkey Constantinople

The most considerable Islands of Europe are

Great Britain and Ireland in the Atlantic Ocean, Iceland in the Northern Ocean, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Majorca, Minorca, Candia, all in theMediterranean sea, and the Islands in the Archipelago. 

It is now so late my dear, that I must finish my account of Europeto-morrow; good bye, and try to remember what I have already told you. 

_CHAPTER VI. _

TUESDAY. 

_Anne. _ You see me earlier than usual this morning, dear mamma; but as Iknow all the geography you desired me to learn quite perfectly, I hopeyou will give me leave to read another story. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Certainly, my dear: but remember to read very distinctly;make proper pauses; fall your voice at a period, and begin the nextsentence in rather a higher tone; aspirate the _H_, excepting in suchwords as _hour_, _honour_, _heiress_, and a few others where it issilent: and above all, avoid a monotonous manner of reading, for nothingcan be more unpleasant to those who are listening to you, than to hear atale, however interesting in itself, read on in one continued tone:instead of affording any amusement, it only induces the persons you arereading to, to wish for a cessation of the unpleasant murmuring noisewhich offends their ears. 

_Anne. _ I will attend to what you say, mamma, while I am reading thefollowing story, which is called

_The Advantages of Truth. _

George Elliot the son of a respectable gentleman, had been paying avisit to his uncle, and on his return home, was accompanied by one ofhis cousins, who was to spend a few months with him at Hartley, Mr. Elliot's country residence. 

George was a boy of a frank and generous disposition, and goodabilities; these being cultivated by a careful education, made him atthe age of eleven years, a well-informed and agreeable boy. CharlesMorden his cousin, was much his inferior in every respect. Accustomed toexcessive indulgence, he became fretful and idle, and often entered intomischief, for the sake of having _something to do_; his parents soplentifully supplied him with play-things, that he was consequentlytired of every thing he possessed, and only desirous of what was inexpectation; nay, worse, for to obtain any particular gratification, hewould not scruple making use of falshood. Such was the boy, nowunfortunately the constant companion of George Elliot. 

Mr. Elliot indulged his son in every innocent amusement proper for hisage, but loved him too well to suffer his faults to pass unnoticed. George had been long anxious for a poney, and as soon as a proper onecould be purchased, his father presented it to him, and often allowedhim to ride out, either accompanied by himself or a servant, butparticularly forbade him from ever mounting any other horse in thestables, telling him at the same time, the many fatal accidents thathad occurred, owing to boys attempting to ride horses they were unableto manage. George promised obedience, and had strictly adhered to hisword. 

It was settled that Charles was to share the studies, as well as theamusements of his cousin, and the gentleman to whose care George'seducation was confided, paid equal attention to both, though he soonperceived that Charles had little delight in useful occupations: and hewas always glad of some excuse that might save him the trouble ofattending Mr. Darford, and laughed at George for being always _fagging_as he called it. 

About two months after his son's return, Mr. Elliot was obliged by somebusiness of importance, to take a journey that he thought might detainhim about a fortnight from home. He embraced the children at parting, desired them to behave well, and at his return they should be rewarded. 

For the first week after Mr. Elliot's departure, the boys were so good, and their tutor so well pleased with their conduct, that one fine day hegave them a holiday, telling them, that provided they avoided allmischievous amusements they were at liberty to spend the day in anymanner most agreeable to themselves. --During several hours, they wereemployed in catching their balls, flying their kites, working in thegarden, &c. At length, Charles seeing a little boy going by onhorseback, said he should like nothing so well as a nice ride beforedinner. "Nor I neither, " answered George, "but you know it isimpossible, my father having expressly forbidden us to ride out aloneduring his absence. Mr. Darford is not at home, and I know that all themen are busy. " "What does that signify?" returned Charles, "we aresurely old enough to take care of ourselves, and as to my uncle, he willnever know any thing of the matter. "

George was at first quite shocked at the idea of disobeying his father, but he at last suffered himself to be persuaded by the artful entreatiesof his cousin, to do what he knew to be wrong. They went to thestables, where George took out his own little poney, and Charles one ofhis uncle's large horses, assuring his cousin that he could manage itvery well. At their first setting out, they agreed not to go far fromhome, only just to ride round the paddock; the pleasantness of theweather, however, soon tempted them to alter their resolution, and theyventured into the high road. They went on very well for some time, andwere just thinking of returning, when Charles's horse took fright atsome object on the side of the road, and by a sudden start threw hisrider; he was not much hurt by the fall, but the horse galloped away, and they soon lost all trace of the way he took: after wasting sometime in fruitless endeavours to follow him, they were obliged to returnhome. 

George was very uneasy, and bitterly repented the fault he hadcommitted. "O Charles, " cried he, "why did you ask me to disobey myfather! Alas! I fear he will never forgive me. "

"Don't cry so, pray, " answered his cousin, "come, follow my advice, andthis affair will never be discovered. "--"How can that be? you surelyforget the horse is lost, and besides, I would not upon any account tellan untruth. " "You are very foolish then, let me tell you; for as nobodysaw us go out, if we deny knowing any thing about the horse, we shallnever be suspected. "

"No, Charles, that I will never do; I had rather suffer the severestpunishment that could be inflicted upon me, than tell a _lie_. Nothingshall induce me to add to the fault I have already committed. When myfather comes home, I will confess what I have done, and rely upon hisindulgence for pardoning a disobedience I so sincerely repent. "

"Well then, " said Charles, "if you will not follow my advice, at leastyou have no occasion to say it was I who persuaded you to take out thehorses. "--"I shall not even mention your name: but come, let us waste nomore time, in regretting an action that cannot be recalled, we hadbetter try by our future conduct, to make some reparation for thepast. "--So saying, he took his cousin by the arm, and they were togetherleaving the room, when Mr. Elliot entered. The young lads drew back indismay; Mr. Elliot ran to embrace his son. "You see me here, my dearboy, sooner than you expected; but fortunately the business that calledme hence, was concluded much earlier than I could have imagined. " Somefew minutes had elapsed, before George could gain courage to answer hisfather, at length he said, "you are convinced, my dear sir, that yourcompany has always given me pleasure, but to day it causes me pain, forI have just been guilty of a fault that will I fear deprive me of yourconfidence. " George here related to his father, all that had passed, except carefully concealing the part his cousin had acted; when he hadfinished, Mr. Elliot thus addressed him, "I am charmed with your nobleconduct, my dear boy, and most willingly forgive the error you havecommitted, because I believe your repentance to be sincere, and amconvinced you have told me the exact truth. Listen, now, to theconsequences that would have ensued, had you concealed it: I was in theadjoining apartment, and heard the whole conversation that passedbetween yourself and Charles; so, had you, as he wickedly advised, hadrecourse to a falsehood, it would not have deceived _me_, but only haveproved that _you_ were unworthy my care and affection: whereas, I nowrejoice in the virtuous resolution of a son thus rendered dearer to methan ever. Always speak the _truth_, and be assured it is the easiestand surest way of extricating yourself from every difficulty. --As foryou, Sir, " continued Mr. Elliot turning to Charles, "I shall not takethe trouble of punishing the meanness and depravity of your conduct, because I fear that any punishment I could inflict, would have littleeffect on a _liar_: I shall immediately send you back to your parents, with an account of this day's transactions, at the same time advisingthem to find some place far distant from all who belong to you, andwhere, under a severe discipline, you may be made to repent of yourwickedness, and I hope in time recalled to that virtuous conduct fromwhich you have now so miserably erred. "

Mr. Elliot then taking his son by the hand led him out of the parlour, and left Charles at leisure to reflect on the sad consequences of ahabit of lying. 

 * * * * *

This story being finished, Mrs. Harley said, it is not necessary my dearAnne, that I should comment on the subject of which you have beenreading; the advantages arising from a strict adherence to truth are tooobvious not to be immediately perceived, and I trust, from theprinciples I have always endeavoured to instil into your young mind, that you will ever prefer the fair and open path she points out, to theintricate labyrinths of despicable falshood. 

_Anne. _ Indeed, mamma, if ever I should be tempted to tell an untruth, Iwill think of this story, and then, I am sure I shall reject it, eventhough I were certain it would remain undiscovered. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Do not imagine _that_ would ever be the case, as it isimpossible for children, however artful, long to dissemble their actionsor even thoughts from persons interested about them. 

I will now conclude my account of Europe. 

FIFTH LESSON. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ I ended yesterday, I think, with the European islands. --Iwill now tell you the principal seas which surround Europe--the sea ofAsoph, the Euxine or Black Sea, the Archipelago or Grecian Sea, arebetween Europe and Asia--the Mediterranean between Europe andAfrica--the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and America--the German Oceanor North Sea between Britain and Germany--the Icy Ocean on the North, and the White Sea in Russia. 

The principal straits are, the Straits of Caffa between the Sea of Asophand the Black Sea--the Bosphorus, or Straits of Constantinople betweenthe Black Sea and the Sea of Marmora--the Hellespont between the Sea ofMarmora and the Archipelago--the Faro of Messina between Italy andSicily--the Straits of Bonifacio between Corsica and Sardinia--theStraits of Gibraltar between Barbary and Spain--the Straits of Doverbetween England and France--the Sound in the Baltic between Denmark andSweden. 

The principal gulfs and bays are, the Gulf of Bothnia in Sweden--theGulf of Finland between Sweden and Russia--the Bay of Biscay betweenFrance and Spain--the Gulf of Venice between Italy and Turkey. 

The principal rivers are, the Wolga--the Don or Tanais--and theBoristhenes or Dnieper in Russia--the Thames and the Severn inEngland--the Danube, the Rhine, and the Elbe in Germany--the Vistula orWesil in Poland--the Loire, the Seine, the Rhine, and the Garonne inFrance--the Ebro, the Tagus, and the Douro in Spain--the Po in Italy. 

The chief lakes are Ladoga and Onega in Russia--Windermere in England, Lough Neagh in Ireland, and Loch Lomond in Scotland--Lake of Genevabetween Swisserland and Italy--Lake of Constance between Swisserland andGermany--Lakes of Como and Maggiore in Italy. 

The chief mountains are, the Dofre-field between Norway and Sweden--theCheviot Hills in Scotland--Plinlimmon in Wales--the Peak in Derbyshirein England--the Carpathian mountains between Poland and Hungary--thePyrenean mountains between France and Spain--the Alps which divideFrance and Germany from Italy--the Apennines which run through Italyfrom North to South. 

Besides these, there are several volcanos in Europe, Vesuvius inNaples--Stromboli one of the Lipari isles--Etna in Sicily, and Hecla inIceland. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, mamma, I will look for all of them in the map; butpray before you leave Europe tell me something more of our own country. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ England, my dear, is bounded on the north by Scotland, on the east by the German Ocean, on the south by the British Channel, and on the west by the Irish sea, and St. George's Channel. It isdivided into 52 counties, 40 in England and 12 in Wales. The 40 Englishcounties are

 6 IN THE NORTH. 

 _Counties. _ _Chief Towns. _

 Northumberland Newcastle. Cumberland Carlisle Durham Durham Westmoreland Kendal Yorkshire York Lancashire Lancaster. 

 6 IN THE EAST. 

 Norfolk Norwich Suffolk Ipswich Essex Chelmsford Middlesex London Hertfordshire Hertford Cambridgeshire Cambridge. 

 6 IN THE SOUTH. 

 Kent Canterbury Sussex Chichester Surry Guildford Hampshire Winchester Berkshire Reading Wiltshire Salisbury. 

 4 IN THE WEST. 

 Dorsetshire Dorchester Somersetshire Bristol Devonshire Exeter Cornwall Launceston. 

 18 IN THE MIDDLE. 

 Gloucestershire Gloucester Monmouthshire Monmouth Herefordshire Hereford Shropshire Shrewsbury Cheshire Chester Derbyshire Derby Nottinghamshire Nottingham Lincolnshire Lincoln Huntingdonshire Huntingdon Bedfordshire Bedford Buckinghamshire Buckingham Oxfordshire Oxford Worcestershire Worcester Staffordshire Stafford Leicestershire Leicester Rutlandshire Oakham Northamptonshire Northampton Warwickshire Warwick. 

The 12 Welsh counties are, 6 IN NORTH WALES. 

 _Counties. _ _Chief Towns. _

 Anglesea Beaumaris Caernarvonshire Caernarvon Denbighshire Denbigh Flintshire St. Asaph Merionethshire Harlech Montgomeryshire Montgomery

 6 IN SOUTH WALES. 

 Cardiganshire Cardigan Radnorshire Radnor Pembrokeshire Pembroke Caermarthenshire Caermarthen Brecknockshire Brecknock Glamorganshire Cardiff. 

You will learn these counties, my dear, and trace them on the map atyour first leisure opportunity. We have been so long in Europe, that Ifear I must give you a very short description of the other parts of theworld. 

Asia is rendered famous on account of its having been the residence ofour first parents, and the scene of almost every transaction mentionedin the scriptures: here our Saviour was born, lived and died; and fromhence the gospel was first promulgated to mankind. Its inhabitants, though formerly celebrated for their refinement, are now, in general, alazy, ignorant people. China is celebrated for its productions of silkand tea, which is a plant almost peculiar to this country, and thebeautiful manufacture of porcelain called China. In the southern part ofAsia the East Indies are situated, and in the West Arabia. The chiefrivers are the Euphrates, Tigris, Indus and Ganges. The principalmountains are, Azarat, Horeb, Sinai and Lebanon. The most remarkableIslands are, the Japan isles, the Maiana or Ladrone Islands, Formoso, Philippines, Moluccas, Banda islands, Celebes or Macassar, the Sundaislands, Ceylon, Maldives and Jesso isles. 

_Anne. _ Thank you, mamma, now for Africa. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Africa, my dear, though once so highly renowned for thelearning and politeness of its natives is now nearly barbarous. InAfrica, near the northern coast, was situated the once famous city ofCarthage, founded by Queen Dido, and the native country of a famousgeneral named Hannibal, whose history you will hereafter read. Egypt sofamous for the Nile (an immense river) lies in this part of the world, and here the arts and sciences were formerly highly cultivated. Thechief rivers are, the Nile, Niger, Gambia, and Senegal. The mountainsare, Mount Atlas in the north, and the Peak of Teneriffe one of theCanary isles. The principal African Islands are, the Azores, theMadeiras, Canaries, Cape Verde isles, and St. Helena in the AtlanticOcean; Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon, Comora isles, and Socotora inthe Indian Ocean. 

America, the largest division of the globe, was discovered in the year1492 by Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa in Italy; though itderives its name (not quite justly I think) from Americus Vesputius, whoextended the discoveries of Columbus. America is divided into north andsouth, and these two peninsulas are joined by the Isthmus of Darien. Themountains here are much higher and the rivers much larger than those inthe other parts of the world. The Andes, a ridge of mountains in SouthAmerica, are considered the highest in the world; their tops are coveredwith perpetual snow, notwithstanding the excessive heat of the climatein which they are situated. In North America are the Appalachian orAllegany mountains. The principal rivers are, in the southern peninsula, the river Amazon, the Oronoko, the Rio de la Plata, and the riverJaneiro: in the north, St. Lawrence, Delaware, and Susquehana. 

Great part of North America formerly belonged to Great Britain, but somedisputes arising between the mother country (England) and the colonies, a war ensued, which was, at length, terminated in favour of theAmericans, and in 1783 they were declared a free, sovereign, andindependent nation. This part of America is now distinguished by theappellation of "the United States. " General Washington, of whom youhave frequently heard me speak, was an American. 

I must now finish my lecture on geography, which, though very imperfect, has yet exceeded the usual limits of our lessons; many interestingcircumstances relating to the various countries I have mentioned, havebeen entirely omitted, as I was fearful that by telling you too much onthe subject I should prevent you from remembering any of the particularsso necessary for you to retain. 

_Anne. _ Oh, dear mamma! how much I thank you for what you have told meabout geography, I think it very entertaining, and I like looking overmaps; but now I should very much like to know the history of all thesecountries. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ To-morrow, my dear, I will give you some account of them, but to know all the particulars of each nation would require you toread more volumes than as yet you have patience for. Farewell. 

_CHAPTER VII. _

WEDNESDAY. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ We will this morning, my dear, contrary to the usualcustom, begin our instructions with the _Lesson_ instead of the _Story_;and as the two last days have given you some idea of geography, I thinkI cannot better employ the present than by devoting it to History. 

_Anne. _ You know, mamma, I am always happy to learn what you are so goodas to teach me. Pray, if I was to ask you the meaning of the wordHistory, how would you answer me?

_Mrs. Harley. _ I should say, my dear, that History is a relation of thepast actions of men and women. It is divided into sacred and profane. Bysacred history is meant all the relations that are contained in the Oldand New Testaments. 

_Anne. _ And of which you have already given me some account, mamma. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ From your earliest childhood, my dear, it has been myconstant endeavour to store your mind with as much knowledge of sacredsubjects as I thought it capable of receiving. 

By profane history is meant the account of all transactions not includedin the sacred volumes. Ancient history relates the events that happenedfrom the creation of the world to the birth of Jesus Christ: Modernhistory, those from the birth of Jesus Christ to the present time. Ancient history is divided into the four periods or æras of the foursuccessive monarchies called universal. 

_Anne. _ Why were they called universal monarchies, mamma?

_Mrs. Harley. _ Because they extended over the greatest part of the_then_ known world. The first was the Assyrian monarchy, founded byNimrod, the grandson of Ham, who, you know, was the son of Noah. Nimrodwas a very courageous man, and a famous hunter of wild beasts, whichimpressed his friends with so high an idea of his abilities, that theyagreed to elect him their king; he taught his subjects the arts ofhunting and building cities, besides several other useful things: hefounded the Assyrian monarchy about 1800 years after the creation. Nimrod was succeeded by his son Ninus, and at his death the crowndevolved to his Queen Semiramis, remarkable for her extraordinaryvalour; she was slain in battle by the Indians, who, in those days, madeuse of elephants in their armies. This monarchy ended underSardanapalus, who was a very weak prince. The capitals of the Assyrianempire were Babylon upon the river Euphrates, and Nineveh on the Tigris. It was divided, after the death of Sardanapalus, into three kingdoms, called, the Median, Babylonian, and the second Assyrian. Belshazzar, thelast king of Babylon, was a very wicked man, and treated the Jews (whohad been brought captive to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar, a former king)with great cruelty. At a splendid entertainment which he one night gaveto the lords of his court, he ordered the vessels that had been takenfrom Solomon's temple to be brought to him, and, with his guests, insulted the Jewish religion by drinking out of them; his impiety was, however, speedily punished, for that very night Cyrus entered Babylonwith a powerful army, made himself master of the kingdom, andBelshazzar was slain. 

Cyrus becoming, soon after this event, by the death of his father anduncle, king of Persia, Media, and Babylon, established the seconduniversal monarchy called the Persian. He was a very good prince, andpermitted the Jews to return to their own land and rebuild their city. 

_Anne. _ Which was called Jerusalem, was it not, mamma?

_Mrs. Harley. _ Yes, my dear, I am glad to find you recollect what youread. Cyrus lived to be very old, and was succeeded by his son Cambyses, who, far from following the virtuous example of his father, committednumberless crimes, among which was the murder of his own brother. Afterhim reigned Smerdis the impostor, who pretended to be the true Smerdisthat had been killed by Cambyses: next to him Darius, who was chosenbecause his horse neighed before any of those belonging to the othercompetitors for the crown: then Xerxes, a very vain-glorious prince, whoattempted to conquer Greece, but was himself beaten, and obliged to makehis escape from thence in a little fishing boat: he was succeeded by hisson Artaxerxes, and at length, after several other kings, Dariusascended the throne, who, had he not been proud of his riches, mighthave been a wise and good sovereign. During his reign, the Greeks (whoinhabited that country which is now the southern part of Turkey inEurope) determined, under the command of the famous Alexander, to makethe Persians submit to their power: accordingly, an immense army invadedthe Persian dominions, and after several battles, they were completelyconquered, and Darius was killed by one of his own nobles. ThusAlexander putting an end to the Persian monarchy, established the thirdUniversal Empire about 330 years before Christ. 

The capital of Persia was Susa. 

_Anne. _ I suppose then, that Alexander was a native of Greece, pray tellme a little about that country?

_Mrs. Harley. _ Long before the time of Alexander, Greece had beenhighly celebrated. It was divided into several small states, theprincipal of which were, Sparta and Athens. Sparta was governed bykings; Lycurgus was their famous legislator; he framed many wise laws, which greatly added to the prosperity of the kingdom. Athens was acommonwealth, and even more renowned for wisdom than Sparta. Solon wastheir lawgiver, and his laws tended much more to the refinement of thepeople, than those of Lycurgus, some of which were very cruel. Macedonwas a state of little consequence till the time of Philip, who greatlyincreased its importance: he procured himself to be appointedcommander-in-chief of all the armies destined for the invasion ofPersia, but he was killed before he set out on this expedition. He wassucceeded by his son Alexander, both as king of Macedon andgeneralissimo of Greece, who, after settling the affairs of his nativecountry, marched into Persia; not contented with conquering this vastcountry, he turned his arms against the Indian princes, many of whomwere obliged to submit to his authority; one of them was named Porus, aman of extraordinary stature, who afterwards became the sincere friendof the conqueror. 

Thus Alexander having subdued so many nations, was at last obliged toyield to the instances of his soldiers, and to think of returning backto Macedon. He entered Babylon in triumph, and spent much of his time, while there, in feasting and drinking. The excesses he committed, attimes deranged his mind, and in one fit of intoxication he killed afaithful old friend named Clitus: many more of his actions were totallyunworthy of a prince who assumed the name of _Great_, this appellationwas certainly bestowed upon him rather for his extensive conquests, thanfor any benefits his subjects derived from his reign, nor could _Good_with any propriety have been added to the title of Great. 

He at length, fell a victim to his intemperance in the thirty-third yearof his age, about 323 years before Christ. Leaving no proper person tosucceed him; four of his generals, after many disputes and battlesdivided his extensive dominions among themselves. To relate theparticular histories of these kingdoms would engross too much of ourtime; I shall therefore proceed to the Roman Empire which was the fourthuniversal monarchy; and was founded by Romulus about 752 years beforeChrist. Perhaps a short account of its origin will be entertaining toyou. 

Romulus and Remus were the twin sons of a lady named Rhea Sylvia. Assoon as they were born they were condemned by their cruel uncle Amuliusking of Alba (in Italy) to be thrown into the Tiber, this was executed, but they were found and preserved by a herdsman named Faustulus, whobrought them up as his own sons till they arrived at years ofdiscretion; when becoming acquainted with the history of their birth, they determined to dethrone their wicked uncle Amulius, and restoretheir grandfather Numitor to the crown his brother had unjustly deprivedhim of. They succeeded, and then formed a plan for building themselves acity, among those hills on which they had spent their earliest years. They could not, however, agree concerning the best situation for it, butthe opinion of Romulus at length prevailing, Remus, to vex his brother, leaped contemptuously over the city wall: this so irritated Romulus thata violent quarrel ensued, they fought, and either by accident or designRomulus killed his brother, and then the whole government of the newstate devolved upon himself: it was called Rome after its founder. Inhabitants flocked from every part of the surrounding country into thenew city, and it soon became a very considerable kingdom. After thedeath of Romulus six other kings succeeded to the throne all of whom, excepting the last, were great and good men, their names were, Romulus the Founder, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus. 

Under whom ended the regal state. A Commonwealth ensued. Many great menflourished during this period: but at length the government changed oncemore, and Rome became an empire. The first twelve emperors weredistinguished by the appellation of the twelve Cæsars, their names were

 Julius Cæsar, the first Roman emperor. 

 Augustus, in whose reign our Saviour Jesus Christ came into the world. 

 Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Sergius Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian. 

Many emperors succeeded these, until Constantine the Great, the 41stemperor, removed the seat of empire from Rome to Constantinople, which, before his time, was called Byzantium. Constantine was a very good man, and was the first Roman emperor who embraced the Christian religion, buthe pursued a system of politics that hastened the destruction of theempire. After his death the sovereignty was divided between his sons, and soon after Rome, which had once given laws to the world, became aprey to merciless barbarians, and sunk into comparative insignificance. 

_Anne. _ O! thank you, mamma, for this entertaining account of Rome, Ishall be very glad when I am old enough to read the Roman History. 

_Mrs. Harley. _ Age, my dear, is not the only thing necessary for theaccomplishment of your wish. Let me see you attentive to your presentemployments, and I shall have much pleasure in reading with you ahistory that I am sure will engage your attention. I will now tell you avery little about our own country. 

Britain was little known to the rest of the world, till about 52 yearsbefore the common æra; when Julius Cæsar invaded the country with apowerful army: the natives, assisted by their Druids or priests, opposedhis landing, but they were unable long to resist so warlike a people asthe Romans, who soon after making themselves masters of the island, maintained possession of the most fertile parts of it near 500 years. Their own affairs then requiring their attention at home, they abandonedit, and the Saxons made their appearance. These people came from aprovince in Germany, and when they had subdued Britain, they divided itinto seven kingdoms called the Saxon Heptarchy. 

 Kent, which included the isles of Thanet and Sheppey. 

 Northumberland, contained Northumberland, Durham, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. 

 East Anglia, contained Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, and Norfolk. 

 Mercia, contained all the middle countries from the Severn between East Anglia and Wessex. 

 Essex, or East Saxony, contained Essex, Middlesex, and part of Hertfordshire. 

 Sussex, or South Saxony, contained Surry, Sussex, and the New Forest. 

 Wessex, or West Saxony, included Hampshire, Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire, and the Isle of Wight. 

Egbert, king of Wessex, at length subduing the other princes of theHeptarchy, united the whole country under one monarchy, and becamehimself the first king of England, in the year 827 after Christ. 

I will give you a chronological list of the kings of England, not that Iwish you to learn it at present, but because it will be useful to referto when you are reading the history. Some knowledge of dates isdesirable, as it enables you to ascertain the periods when anyparticular events occurred, and under whose reign. The Danes madefrequent incursions into England during the time of the Saxons, andcaused great devastation in the country. Alfred, the most excellentprince mentioned in history, was obliged, owing to these barbarians, toabandon his throne and retire to an obscure cottage, where, however, heoccupied his time in forming the best plans for his ownre-establishment, and the restoration of tranquility to his distractedcountry: his wise measures were successful and for some time the Daneswere entirely quelled, but they soon renewed their usual predatorywarfare, and Canute became king of England. 

 SAXON KINGS OF ENGLAND. 

 800 Egbert 838 Ethelwolf 857 Ethelbald 860 Ethelbert 866 Ethelred 871 Alfred the Great 901 Edward the Elder 925 Athelston 941 Edmund 946 Edred 955 Edwy 959 Edgar 975 Edward the Martyr 978 Ethelred II 1016 Edmund II, or Ironside. 

 DANISH KINGS. 

 1017 Canute 1035 Harold 1039 Hardicanute 1041 Edward the Confessor 1065 Harold II. 

William the first (commonly called the Conqueror, ) Duke of Normandy, invaded England with a powerful army, and slew Harold at the battle ofHastings. This victory is called the Conquest; it was gained on the 14thof October, 1066. 

 NORMAN LINE. 

 Kings names. Began to reign. Reigned years. 

 William I 1066 20 Duke of Normandy William II 1087 12 Son to the Conqueror Henry I 1100 35 Brother to William II Stephen 1135 18 Grandson to the Conqueror by his daughter Adela, who married the Earl of Blois. 

 LINE OF PLANTAGENET. 

 Henry II 1154 34 Grandson to Henry I by his daughter Matilda, who married the Earl of Anjou Richard I 1189 9 Son to Henry I John 1199 17 Brother to Richard I Henry III 1216 56 Son to John Edward I 1272 34 Son to Henry III Edward II 1307 19 Son to Edward I Edward III 1327 50 Son to Edward II. Richard II 1377 22 Grandson to Edward III by his eldest son, the Black Prince. 

 LINE OF LANCASTER. 

 Henry IV 1399 13 Son to John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, fourth son of Edward III Henry V 1413 9 Son to Henry IV Henry VI 1422 38 Son to Henry V. 

 LINE OF YORK. 

 Edward IV 1461 22 Son to Richard Duke of York, a descendant by the mother's side from Lionel, the third son of Edward III Edward V 1483 2ms. Son of Edward IV Richard III 1483 2 Uncle to Edward V. 

 LINE OF TUDOR, In which were united the Houses of York and Lancaster, by the marriage of Henry VII, son of the Countess of Richmond, of the House of Lancaster, to Elizabeth daughter of Edward IV. 

 Henry VII 1485 23 Earl of Richmond Henry VIII 1509 37 Son to Henry VII Edward VI 1547 6 Son to Henry VIII Mary 1553 5 Sister to Edward VI Elizabeth 1558 44 Sister to Mary. 

 LINE OF STUART. 

 James I 1603 22 Son to Mary queen of Scots, who was descended from Henry VII Charles I 1625 23 Son to James I. (Charles was beheaded in 1649. )

 COMMON-WEALTH AND PROTECTORATE OF CROMWELL. 

 Charles II 1660 24 Son to Charles I James II 1685 4 Brother to Charles II. (James II abdicated the throne in 1689. )

 LINE OF ORANGE. 

 {William III 1689 13 Nephew and Son-in-law to {& James II {Mary II Stuart Daughter to James II Anne 1702 12 Daughter to James II. 

 LINE OF BRUNSWICK. 

 George I 1714 12 Son to the Princess Sophia, Electress of Hanover, and grandaughter of James I George II 1728 33 Son to George I George III 1760 Grandson to George II. 

I will not, my dear, enter into the history of any of these sovereigns, as there are many English histories extant, which will give you betterinformation upon this subject, than you could receive from anydescription of mine: indeed, the little I have now been telling you ofhistory in general, is only intended to awaken in your mind a desire forthe attainment of this useful knowledge. Modern History we shall deferfor several years, but I will to-morrow give you Rollin's AncientHistory, a work, I think, particularly well calculated for young people;when you have read this, you shall proceed to the Roman History, afterwhich you may be able to enter into the accounts of more modern times. In the mean while, let me beg you to continue attentive to theinstructions you receive, and new lessons and more stories shall then beprepared for your next

BIRTH-DAY PRESENT. 

THE END. 

H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London.