ART PRIMER CERAMIC SERIES, No. 3 PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART LEAD GLAZED POTTERY PART FIRST COMMON CLAYS PLAIN GLAZED, SGRAFFITO AND SLIP-DECORATED WARES BY EDWIN ATLEE BARBER, A. M., PH. D. CURATOR PRINTED FOR THE MUSEUM PHILADELPHIA 1907 COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY THE PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART PHILADELPHIA, PA. SGRAFFITO PIE PLATE 12 inches, The Mischianza. Southeastern Pennsylvania, 1786, Museum No. 00-20. PREFATORY NOTE. The Art Primers of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art are designed to furnish, in a compact form, for the use of collectors, students, and artisans, the most reliable infor mation, based on the latest discoveries, relating to the various in dustrial arts. Each monograph, complete in itself, contains a his torical sketch, a review of processes, descriptions of characteristic examples of the best productions, and all available data that will serve to facilitate the identification of specimens. In other words, these booklets are intended to serve as authoritative and perma nent reference works on the various subjects treated. The illus trations employed, unless otherwise stated, are reproductions of examples in the collections of the Museum of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. In these reviews of the several branches of ceramics, the geo graphical arrangement used by other writers has given place to the natural or technical classification, to permit the grouping of simi lar wares of all countries and times, whereby pottery, or opaque ware, is classified according to glaze, its most distinctive feature, while, on the other hand, porcelain, or translucent ware, is grouped according to body or paste. Lead Glazed Pottery is of two varieties 1. Earthenware of red, brown, or buff body common clays. 2. Earthenware of white or cream colored body white clays. In the preparation of a Primer on Common Lead Glazed Pottery the author has consulted the principal authorities on the subject, and he is particularly indebted, for many of the facts presented, to The Art of the Old English Potter, by M. L. Solon Early English Pottery, Named, Dated and Inscribed, by John Eliot Hodgkin and Edith Hodgkin Tulip Ware of the Pennsylvania-German Potters, by Edwin A. Barber Histoire Generate de la Faience Ancienne, by Bis Paquot English Earthenware and Stoneware, by William Burton South Kensington Handbook on English Earthenware, by Prof. A. H. Church Ceramic Art in Great Britain, by Llewellynn Jewitt The Art of Pottery, by Joseph Mayer. E. A. B. LEAD GLAZED POTTERY. PART FIRST COMMON CLAYS. CHARACTERISTICS. Earthenware made of the ordinary, coarse clays, containing more or less iron and other impurities, which impart to the baked ware a red, brown, or buff color, is usually glazed with lead, either in the form of powder dusted on the surface, or in combination with water thickened with fine clay, as a wash, which may be ap plied with a brush, or into which the ware may be dipped. The heat of the kiln melts the lead, which covers the surface as a trans parent glass, sometimes being entirely clear and colorless, but, in the commoner varieties of ware, usually possessing a yellowish tint. Glaze composed largely or entirely of lead intensifies the color of the clay, making it appear darker, as though covered with a heavy coating of varnish. This effect can best be observed on the under sides of plates or other objects, where the glaze has run over the edge. The parts covered by the glaze are dark and rich in color, while the unglazed portions are much paler in tone. The body, being quite soft and porous and imperfectly baked, does not combine with the glaze, which is harder, and liable to craze, or crack, and peel off. Sometimes the glaze is darkened by the addi tion of a small quantity of manganese, when it becomes brown or chocolate colored, while a larger proportion renders the glaze black and opaque...