Elite Ambiguity: Framing the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City Bombings

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This research article examines two dissimilar groups committing very similar terrorist attacks and the subsequent media and elite framing of the 1993 World Trade Center and 1995 Oklahoma City bombings. The paper tests the externalized threat hypothesis by comparing actor and action labels between "us" (Caucasian Americans) and "them" (Foreign, Middle Eastern Muslims) as independent variables with the action (bombing) as the dependent variable. It also presents an opportunity to review terrorism coverage prior to 9/11, the dominant focus of terrorism research since 2001. This thesis attempts to answer the following research questions: 1. How are Americans, particularly Caucasians, labeled when committing terrorist activities in comparison to other international actors? 2. Are their actions defined as acts of terrorism or assigned another label? 3. Which sources (media or government elites) provide the bulk of the labels?
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3515090320

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English

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