RITCHIE'S FABULAE FACILES

A FIRST LATIN READER

_EDITED WITH NOTES AND A VOCABULARY_

BYJOHN COPELAND KIRTLAND, Jr. _Professor of Latin in The Phillips Exeter Academy_

THE LITTLE THAT IS MINE IN THIS LITTLE BOOK I GRATEFULLY DEDICATE TOPROFESSOR JOSEPH HETHERINGTON M'DANIELS TEACHER AND FRIEND

PREFACE

Some time ago a fellow-teacher brought the _Fabulae Faciles_ to mynotice, and I have since used two of them each year with my class ofbeginners in Latin with increasing appreciation. Indeed, I know nothingbetter to introduce the student into the reading of connected narrative, and to bridge the great gulf between the beginner's book of theprevailing type and the Latinity of Caesar or Nepos. They are adapted tothis use not merely by reason of their simplicity and interest, but moreparticularly by the graduating of difficulties and the large use ofCaesarian words and phrases to which Mr. Ritchie calls attention in hispreface. 

Doubtless many American teachers have become familiar with portions ofthe _Fabulae_, for they have been freely drawn upon in several Latinreaders recently published in this country. I venture to hope that thosewho have made the acquaintance of the work in this way will welcome acomplete edition. 

In England the little book has had a large use. Its pedagogicalexcellencies are well summed up in a letter addressed to Mr. Ritchie bythe Very Rev. E. C. Wickham, formerly Head-Master of Wellington College, the well-known editor of Horace:--

"It launches the student at once in ancient life. The old classicalstories, simply told, seem to me much the best material for early Latinreading. They are abundantly interesting; they are taken for granted inthe real literature of the language; and they can be told withoutstarting the beginner on a wrong track by a barbarous mixture of ancientand modern ideas. 

"It combines, if I may say so, very skilfully, the interest of acontinuous story, with the gradual and progressive introduction ofconstructions and idioms. These seem to me to be introduced at the rightmoment, and to be played upon long enough to make them thoroughlyfamiliar. "

In revising Mr. Ritchie's book for the use of American schools it hasseemed best to make extensive changes. Long vowels have been markedthroughout, and the orthography of Latin words has been brought intoconformity with our practice. Many liberties have been taken with thetext itself, especially in the latter part, in the way of making itapproximate more closely to our rather strict notions of the standards ofmodel prose. A few words and uses of words not found in the prose writersof the republic have been retained, but nothing, it is hoped, that willseriously mislead the young student. I shall welcome any criticism thatmay lead to further changes in the text in future editions. 

The notes are entirely new, and are intended for students who have butjust finished the beginner's book or have not yet finished it. Some notesmay appear at first sight unnecessary or unnecessarily hard, but thereason for their insertion should be evident when the student begins thereading of classical Latin, the difficulties of which will be less likelyto appal the beginner if some of them have been already conquered. Ibelieve it a mistake to postpone all treatment of the uses of thesubjunctive, for instance, or of the constructions of indirect discourseuntil the study of Nepos or Caesar is begun. Besides, it is easier toneglect notes than to supply them, and the teacher who prefers to do thefirst reading without much attention to the more difficult constructionswill only need to tell his students to disregard certain of my notes--orall of them. 

There are no references to the grammars, but syntax has been given suchtreatment as seemed needed to supplement its treatment in the beginner'sbook. Teachers will therefore be able to postpone the use of a formalmanual of grammar, if they so desire. Those who wish their classes tobegin the reading of Latin at the earliest possible moment will find itfeasible to use this book as soon as the inflections and the moreelementary principles of syntax have been mastered. 

In the vocabulary, the derivation or composition and the original meaningof words have been indicated wherever these seemed likely to provehelpful. Principal parts and genitives have been given in such a way asto prevent misunderstanding, and at the same time emphasize thecomposition of the verb or the suffix of the noun: for example, _abscídó, -cídere, -cídí, -císus; aetás, -tátis_. 

The lists of works of English literature and of art in which the mythsare treated are only suggestive. Occasional readings from the one andexhibitions of representations of the other, either in the form ofphotographs or by the stereopticon, will not only stimulate interest inthe Latin text but aid also in creating in the student a taste forliterature and for art. 

I planned at first to add some exercises for retranslation, but aftercareful consideration it has seemed not worth while. Most teachers willprefer not to base composition upon the Latin read at this stage, andthose who wish to do so will find it an easy matter to prepare their ownexercises, or can draw upon the copious exercises prepared by Mr. Ritchieand published separately under the title _Imitative Exercises in EasyLatin Prose_. 

In the reading of proof I have had generous help from Dr. F. K. Ball ofThe Phillips Exeter Academy, Mr. J. C. Flood of St. Mark's School, and Mr. A. T. Dudley of Noble and Greenough's School, Boston. The proof-sheetshave been used with the beginner's class in this Academy, and I have thusbeen able to profit by the criticism of my associate Mr. G. B. Rogers, andto test the work myself. The assistance of my wife has greatly lightenedthe labor of verifying the vocabulary. 

JOHN C. KIRTLAND, Jr. 

EXETER, N. H. , 7 March, 1903. 

CONTENTS

THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE. THE MYTHS IN ART. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. PERSEUS. HERCULES. THE ARGONAUTS. ULYSSES. NOTES. VOCABULARY. 

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

THE CARPENTER SHUTTING UP DANAE AND PERSEUS IN THE ARK AT THE COMMAND OF ACRISIUS (Vase-painting)HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA (Pompeian Wall-painting)MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS (Pompeian Wall-painting)ULYSSES AND CIRCE (Roman Relief)

THE MYTHS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE

PERSEUS

Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Gorgon's Head_. Kingsley, _The Heroes: Perseus_. Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: Medusa, Danae, Perseus, Andromeda, Akrisios_. Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Adventures of Perseus_. Kingsley, _Andromeda_. William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Doom of King Acrisius_. Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Andromeda_. Dowden, _Andromeda_. Shelley, _On the Medusa of Leonardo da Vinci_. D. G. Rossetti, _Aspecta Medusa_. 

HERCULES

Hawthorne, _A Wonder-Book: The Three Golden Apples_. Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Toils of Herakles_. Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Hero of Heroes_. William Morris, _The Earthly Paradise: The Golden Apples_. Lewis Morris, _The Epic of Hades: Deianeira_. Lang's translation of Theocritus, _Idyls_ xxiv, xxv. 

THE ARGONAUTS

Apollonius of Rhodes, _The Tale of the Argonauts_, translated by Way. D. O. S. Lowell, _Jason's Quest_. Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: The Golden Fleece_. Kingsley, _The Heroes: The Argonauts_. Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: Phrixos and Helle, Medeia_. Church, _Heroes and Kings: The Story of the Ship Argo_. Francillon, _Gods and Heroes: The Golden Fleece_. William Morris, _The Life and Death of Jason_. Bayard Taylor, _Hylas_. John Dyer, _The Fleece_. Lang's translation of Theocritus, several of the _Idyls_. 

ULYSSES

Homer, _The Odyssey_, translated by Bryant (verse), William Morris (verse), Palmer (prose), Butcher and Lang (prose). Lamb, _The Adventures of Ulysses_. Hawthorne, _Tanglewood Tales: Circe's Palace_. Cox, _Tales of Ancient Greece: The Lotos-Eaters, Odysseus and Polyphemos, Odysseus and Kirké_. Church, _Stories from Homer: The Cyclops, The Island of Aeolus, Circé_. Tennyson, _The Lotos-Eaters_. Matthew Arnold, _The Strayed Reveler_. Dobson, _The Prayer of the Swine to Circe_. 

THE MYTHS IN ART

Burne-Jones, _Perseus and the Graeae_. Caravaggio, _Head of Medusa_. Leonardo da Vinci, _Head of Medusa_. Canova, _Perseus_. Benvenuto Cellini, _Perseus_, and _Perseus saving Andromeda_. Piero di Cosimo, _Perseus and Andromeda_. Charles Antoine Coypel, _Perseus and Andromeda_. Domenichino, _Perseus and Andromeda_. Rubens, _Perseus and Andromeda_. Giovanni da Bologna, _Hercules and the Centaur_. Bandinelli, _Hercules and Cacus_. Guido Reni, _Dejanira and the Centaur Nessus_. Canova, _Hercules and Lichas_. Sichel, _Medea_. Genelli, _Jason and Medea capturing the Golden Fleece_. Burne-Jones, _Circe_. L. Chalon, _Circe and the Companions of Ulysses_. Rivière, _Circe and the Companions of Ulysses_. 

Photographs and lantern-slides of all the works mentioned above may beobtained of the Soule Art Company, Boston. The list might have been mademuch longer, but it seemed likely to prove most helpful if limited toworks of which reproductions are so easily obtainable. For the treatmentof the myths in ancient art, the teacher is referred to the numerouspertinent illustrations in Baumeister's _Denkmäler des klassischenAltertums_, or the same editor's _Bilder aus dem griechischen undrömischen Altertum für Schüler_, the latter of which contains the cuts ofthe larger work, and is so cheap and so useful that it ought to lie onthe desk of every teacher of Greek or Latin. 

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The _Fabulae Faciles_, or 'Easy Stories. ' are four Greek myths retold inLatin, not by a Roman writer, however, but by an Englishman, who believedthat they would afford interesting and pleasant reading for young folkswho were just beginning the study of the Latin language. By myth is meantan imaginative tale that has been handed down by tradition from remoteantiquity concerning supernatural beings and events. Such tales arecommon among all primitive peoples, and are by them accepted as true. They owe their origin to no single author, but grow up as the untutoredimagination strives to explain to itself the operations of nature and themysteries of life, or amuses itself with stories of the brave exploits ofheroic ancestors. 

The most beautiful and delightful of all myths are those that have comedown to us in the remains of the literature and the art of ancient Greeceand Rome; they are also the most important to us, for many of the greatmasterpieces of English literature and of modern art have been inspiredby them and cannot be understood and appreciated by one ignorant ofclassical mythology. 

Of this mythology the _Fabulae Faciles_ give but a small part. If youwish to know more of the subject, you should read Gayley's _The ClassicMyths in English Literature_, Guerber's _Myths of Greece and Rome_, orthe books by Kingsiey, Cox, Church, and Francillon mentioned earlier. 

PERSEUS

_Acrisius, an ancient king of Argos, had been warned by an oracle that heshould perish by the hand of his grandson. On discovering, therefore, that his daughter Danae had given birth to a son, Acrisius endeavored toescape his fate by setting both mother and child adrift on the sea. Theywere saved, however, by the help of Jupiter; and Perseus, the child, grewup at the court of Polydectes, king of Seriphos, an island in the AegeanSea. On reaching manhood, Perseus was sent by Polydectes to fetch thehead of Medusa, one of the Gorgons. This dangerous task he accomplishedwith the help of Apollo and Minerva, and on his way home he rescuedAndromeda, daughter of Cepheus, from a sea-monster. Perseus then marriedAndromeda, and lived some time in the country of Cepheus. At length hereturned to Seríphos, and turned Polydectes to stone by showing him theGorgon's head; he then went to the court of Acrisius, who fled in terrorat the news of his grandson's return. The oracle was duly fulfilled, forAcrisius was accidentally killed by a quoit thrown by Perseus_. 

1. _THE ARK_

Haec nárrantur á poétís dé Perseó. Perseus fílius erat Iovis, máximídeórum; avus éius Acrisius appellábátur. Acrisius volébat Perseum nepótemsuum necáre; nam propter óráculum puerum timébat. Comprehendit igiturPerseum adhúc infantem, et cum mátre in arcá lígneá inclúsit. Tum arcamipsam in mare coniécit. Danaé, Perseí máter, mágnopere territa est;tempestás enim mágna mare turbábat. Perseus autem in sinú mátrisdormiébat. 

2. _JUPITER SAVES HIS SON_

Iuppiter tamen haec omnia vídit, et fílium suum serváre cónstituit. Tranquillum igitur fécit mare, et arcam ad ínsulam Seríphum perdúxit. Húius ínsulae Polydectés tum réx erat. Postquam arca ad lítus appulsaest, Danaé in haréná quiétem capiébat. Post breve tempus á piscátórequódam reperta est, et ad domum régis Polydectis adducta est. Ille mátremet puerum benígné excépit, et iís sédem tútam in fínibus suís dedit. Danaé hóc dónum libenter accépit, et pró tantó benefició régí grátiáségit. 

3. _PERSEUS IS SENT ON HIS TRAVELS_

Perseus igitur multós annós ibi habitábat, et cum mátre suá vítam beátamagébat. At Polydectés Danaén mágnopere amábat, atque eam in mátrimóniumdúcere volébat. Hóc tamen cónsilium Perseó minimé grátum erat. Polydectésigitur Perseum dímittere cónstituit. Tum iuvenem ad sé vocávit et haecdíxit: "Turpe est hanc ígnávam vítam agere; iam dúdum tú aduléscéns es. Quó úsque híc manébis? Tempus est arma capere et virtútem praestáre. Hincabí, et caput Medúsae mihi refer. "

4. _PERSEUS GETS HIS OUTFIT_

Perseus ubi haec audívit, ex ínsulá discessit, et postquam ad continentemvénit, Medúsam quaesívit. Diú frústrá quaerébat; namque nátúram locíígnórábat. Tandem Apolló et Minerva viam démónstrávérunt. Prímum adGraeás, sorórés Medúsae, pervénit. Ab hís tálária et galeam magicamaccépit. Apolló autem et Minerva falcem et speculum dedérunt. Tumpostquam tálária pedibus induit, in áera ascendit. Diú per ácra volábat;tandem tamen ad eum locum vénit ubi Medúsa cum céterís Gorgonibushabitábat. Gorgonés autem mónstra erant specié horribilí; capita enimeárum anguibus omnínó contécta erant. Manús etiam ex aere factae erant. 

5. _THE GORGON'S HEAD_

Rés difficillima erat caput Gorgonis abscídere; éius enim cónspectúhomines in saxum vertébantur. Propter hanc causam Minerva speculum Perseódederat. Ille igitur tergum vertit, et in speculum ínspiciébat; hóc modóad locum vénit ubi Medúsa dormiébat. Tum falce suá caput éius únó íctúabscídit. Céterae Gorgonés statim é somnó excitátae sunt, et ubi remvídérunt, írá commótae sunt. Arma rapuérunt, et Perseum occíderevolébant. Ille autem dum fugit, galeam magicam induit; et ubi hóc fécit, statim é cónspectú eárum évásit. 

6. _THE SEA-SERPENT_

Post haec Perseus in fínís Aethiopum vénit. Ibi Cépheus quídam illótempore régnábat. Híc Neptúnum, maris deum, ólim offenderat; Neptúnusautem mónstrum saevissimum míserat. Hóc cottídié é marí veniébat ethominés dévorábat. Ob hanc causam pavor animós omnium occupáverat. Cépheus igitur óráculum deí Hammónis cónsuluit, atque á deó iússus estfíliam mónstró trádere. Éius autem fília, nomine Andromeda, virgófórmósissima erat. Cépheus ubi haec audívit, mágnum dolórem percépit. Volébat tamen cívís suós é tantó perículó extrahere, atque ob eam causamimperáta Hammónis facere cónstituit. 

7. _A HUMAN SACRIFICE_

Tum réx diem certam díxit et omnia parávit. Ubi ea diés vénit, Andromedaad lítus déducta est, et in cónspectú omnium ad rúpem adligáta est. Omnésfátum éius déplórábant, nec lacrimás tenébant. At subitó, dum mónstrumexspectant, Perseus accurrit; et ubi lacrimás vídit, causam dolórisquaerit. Illí rem tótam expónunt et puellam démónstrant. Dum haecgeruntur, fremitus terribilis audítur; simul mónstrum horribilí speciéprocul cónspicitur. Éius cónspectus timórem máximum omnibus iniécit. Mónstrum mágná celeritáte ad lítus contendit, iamque ad locumappropinquábat ubi puella stábat. 

8. _THE RESCUE_

At Perseus ubi haec vídit, gladium suum édúxit, et postquam táláriainduit, in áera sublátus est. Tum désuper in mónstrum impetum subitófécit, et gladió suó collum éius graviter vulnerávit. Mónstrum ubi sénsitvulnus, fremitum horribilem édidit, et sine morá tótum corpus in aquammersit. Perseus dum circum lítus volat, reditum éius exspectábat. Mareautem intereá undique sanguine ínficitur. Post breve tempus bélua rúrsuscaput sustulit; mox tamen á Perseó íctú gravióre vulneráta est. Tumiterum sé in undás mersit, neque posteá vísa est. 

9. _THE REWARD OF VALOR_

Perseus postquam ad lítus déscendit, prímum tálária exuit; tum ad rúpemvénit ubi Andromeda vincta erat. Ea autem omnem spem salútis déposuerat, et ubi Perseus adiit, terróre paene exanimáta erat. Ille víncula statimsolvit, et puellam patrí reddidit. Cépheus ob hanc rem máximó gaudióadfectus est. Meritam grátiam pró tantó benefició Perseó rettulit;praetereá Andromedam ipsam eí in mátrimónium dedit. Ille libenter hócdónum accépit et puellam dúxit. Paucós annós cum uxóre suá in eá regiónehabitábat, et in mágnó honóre erat apud omnís Aethiopés. Mágnopere tamenmátrem suam rúrsus vidére cupiébat. Tandem igitur cum uxóre suá é régnóCépheí discessit. 

10. _POLYDECTES IS TURNED TO STONE_

Postquam Perseus ad ínsulam návem appulit, sé ad locum contulit ubi máterólim habitáverat, sed domum invénit vacuam et omnínó désertam. Trís diésper tótam ínsulam mátrem quaerébat; tandem quartó dié ad templum Diánaepervénit. Húc Danaé refúgerat, quod Polydectem timébat. Perseus ubi haeccógnóvit, írá mágná commótus est; ad régiam Polydectis sine morácontendit, et ubi eó vénit, statim in átrium inrúpit. Polydectés mágnótimóre adfectus est et fugere volébat. Dum tamen ille fugit, Perseuscaput Medúsae mónstrávit; ille autem simul atque hóc vídit, in saxumversus est. 

II. _THE ORACLE FULFILLED_

Post haec Perseus cum uxóre suá ad urbem Acrisí rediit. Ille autem ubiPerseum vídit, mágnó terróre adfectus est; nam propter óráculum istudnepótem suum adhúc timébat. In Thessaliam igitur ad urbem Lárísam statimrefúgit, frústrá tamen; neque enim fátum suum vítávit. Post paucós annósréx Lárísae lúdós mágnós fécit; núntiós in omnís partís dímíserat et diemédíxerat. Multí ex omnibus urbibus Graeciae ad lúdós convénérunt. IpsePerseus inter aliós certámen discórum iniit. At dum discum conicit, avumsuum cású occídit; Acrisius enim inter spectátórés éius certáminis fortestábat. 

HERCULES

_Hercules, a Greek hero celebrated for his great strength, was pursuedthroughout his life by the hatred of Juno. While yet an infant, hestrangled some serpents sent by the goddess to destroy him. During hisboyhood and youth he performed various marvelous feats of strength, andon reaching manhood succeeded in delivering the Thebans from theoppression of the Minÿae. In a fit of madness sent upon him by Juno, heslew his own children; and on consulting the Delphic oracle as to how heshould cleanse himself from this crime, he was ordered to submit himselffor twelve years to Eurystheus, king of Tiryns, and to perform whatevertasks were appointed him. Hercules obeyed the oracle, and during thetwelve years of his servitude accomplished twelve extraordinary featsknown as the Labors of Hercules. His death was caused unintentionally byhis wife Dejanira. Hercules had shot with his poisoned arrows a centaurnamed Nessus, who had insulted Dejanira. Nessus, before he died, gavesome of his blood to Dejanira, and told her it would act as a charm tosecure her husband's love. Some time after, Dejanira wishing to try thecharm soaked one of her husband's garments in the blood, not knowingthat it was poisoned. Hercules put on the robe, and after sufferingterrible torments died, or was carried off by his father Jupiter_. 

12. _THE HATRED OF JUNO_

Herculés, Alcménae fílius, ólim in Graeciá habitábat. Híc omnium hominumvalidissimus fuisse dícitur. At Iúnó, régína deórum, Alcménam óderat etHerculem adhúc ínfantem necáre voluit. Mísit igitur duás serpentíssaevissimás; hae mediá nocte in cubiculum Alcménae vénérunt, ubi Herculéscum frátre suó dormiébat. Nec tamen in cúnís, sed in scútó mágnócubábant. Serpentés iam appropinquáverant et scútum movébant; itaquepuerí é somnó excitátí sunt. 

13. _HERCULES AND THE SERPENTS_

Íphiclés, fráter Herculis, mágná vóce exclámávit; sed Herculés ipse, fortissimus puer, haudquáquam territus est. Parvís manibus serpentísstatim prehendit, et colla eárum mágná ví compressit. Tálí modó serpentésá pueró interfectae sunt. Alcména autem, máter puerórum, clámóremaudíverat, et marítum suum é somnó excitáverat. Ille lúmen accendit etgladium suum rapuit; tum ad puerós properábat, sed ubi ad locum vénit, rem míram vídit, Herculés enim rídébat et serpentís mortuás mónstrábat. 

14. _THE MUSIC-LESSON_

Herculés á pueró corpus suum díligenter exercébat; mágnam partem diéí inpalaestrá cónsúmébat; didicit etiam arcum intendere et téla conicere. Hísexercitátiónibus vírés éius cónfírmátae sunt. In músicá etiam á Linócentauró érudiébátur (centaurí autem equí erant sed caput hominishabébant); huic tamen artí minus díligenter studébat. Híc Linus Herculemólim obiúrgábat, quod nón studiósus erat; tum puer írátus citharam subitórapuit, et omnibus víribus caput magistrí ínfélícis percussit. Ille íctúpróstrátus est, et pauló post é vítá excessit, neque quisquam posteá idofficium suscipere voluit. 

15. _HERCULES ESCAPES SACRIFICE_

Dé Hercule haec etiam inter alia nárrantur. Ólim dum iter facit, in fínísAegyptiórum vénit. Ibi réx quídam, nómine Búsíris, illó tempore régnábat;híc autem vir crúdélissimus hominés immoláre cónsuéverat. Herculem igiturcorripuit et in vincula coniécit. Tum núntiós dímísit et diem sacrificióédíxit. Mox ea diés appetébat, et omnia ríte paráta sunt. Manús Herculiscaténís ferreís vinctae sunt, et mola salsa in caput éius ínspersa est. Mós enim erat apud antíquós salem et fár capitibus victimárum impónere. Iam victima ad áram stábat; iam sacerdós cultrum súmpserat. Subitó tamenHerculés mágnó cónátú vincula perrúpit; tum íctú sacerdótem próstrávit;alteró régem ipsum occídit. 

16. _A CRUEL DEED_

Herculés iam aduléscéns Thébís habitábat. Réx Thébárum, vir ígnávus, Creón appellábátur. Minyae, géns bellicósissima, Thébánís fínitimí erant. Légátí autem á Minyís ad Thébánós quotannís mittébantur; hí Thébásveniébant et centum bovés postulábant. Thébání enim ólim á Minyíssuperátí erant; tribúta igitur régí Minyárum quotannís pendébant. AtHerculés cívís suós hóc stípendió líberáre cónstituit; légátós igiturcomprehendit, atque aurís eórum abscídit. Légátí autem apud omnís gentíssánctí habentur. 

17. _THE DEFEAT OF THE MINYAE_

Ergínus, réx Minyárum, ob haec vehementer írátus statim cum omnibuscópiís in fínís Thébánórum contendit. Creón adventum éius perexplórátórés cógnóvit. Ipse tamen púgnáre nóluit, nam mágnó timóreadfectus erat; Thébání igitur Herculem imperátórem creávérunt. Illenúntiós in omnís partís dímísit, et cópiás coégit; tum proximó dié cummágnó exercitú profectus est. Locum idóneum délégit et aciem ínstrúxit. Tum Thébání é superióre locó impetum in hostís fécérunt. Illí autemimpetum sustinére nón potuérunt; itaque aciés hostium pulsa est atque infugam conversa. 

18. _MADNESS AND MURDER_

Post hóc proelium Herculés cópiás suás ad urbem redúxit. Omnés Thébánípropter victóriam máximé gaudébant; Creón autem mágnís honóribus Herculemdecorávit, atque fíliam suam eí in mátrimónium dedit. Herculés cum uxóresuá beátam vítam agébat; sed post paucós annós subitó in furórem incidit, atque líberós suós ipse suá manú occídit. Post breve tempus ad sánitátemreductus est, et propter hóc facinus mágnó dolóre adfectus est; mox exurbe effúgit et in silvás sé recépit. Nólébant enim cívés sermónem cum eóhabére. 

19. _HERCULES CONSULTS THE ORACLE_

Herculés tantum scelus expiáre mágnopere cupiébat. Cónstituit igitur adóráculum Delphicum íre; hóc enim óráculum erat omnium celeberrimum. Ibitemplum erat Apollinis plúrimís dónís órnátum. Hóc in templó sedébatfémina quaedam, nómine Pýthia et cónsilium dabat iís quí ad óráculumveniébant. Haec autem fémina ab ipsó Apolline docébátur, et voluntátemdeí hominibus énúntiábat. Herculés igitur, quí Apollinem praecipuécolébat, húc vénit. Tum rem tótam exposuit, neque scelus célávit. 

20. _THE ORACLE'S REPLY_

Ubi Herculés fínem fécit, Pýthia prímó tacébat; tandem tamen iussit eumad urbem Tíryntha íre, et Eurystheí régis omnia imperáta facere. Herculésubi haec audívit, ad urbem illam contendit, et Eurystheó régí sé inservitútem trádidit. Duodecim annós crúdélissimó Eurystheó serviébat, etduodecim labórés, quós ille imperáverat, cónfécit; hóc enim únó modótantum scelus expiárí potuit. Dé hís labóribus plúrima á poétís scríptasunt. Multa tamen quae poétae nárrant vix crédibilia sunt. 

21. _FIRST LABOR: THE NEMEAN LION_

Prímum ab Eurystheó iússus est Herculés leónem occídere quí illó temporevallem Nemeaeam reddébat ínféstam. In silvás igitur in quibus leóhabitábat statim sé contulit. Mox feram vídit, et arcum, quem sécumattulerat, intendit; éius tamen pellem, quae dénsissima erat, tráicerenón potuit. Tum clává mágná quam semper gerébat leónem percussit, frústrátamen; neque enim hóc modó eum occídere potuit. Tum démum collum mónstríbracchiís suís complexus est et faucís éius omnibus víribus compressit. Hóc modó leó breví tempore exanimátus est; núlla enim respírandí facultáseí dabátur. Tum Herculés cadáver ad oppidum in umerís rettulit; etpellem, quam détráxerat, posteá pró veste gerébat. Omnés autem quí eamregiónem incolébant, ubi fámam dé morte leónis accépérunt, vehementergaudébant et Herculem mágnó honóre habébant. 

22. _SECOND LABOR: THE LERNEAN HYDRA_

Pauló post iússus est ab Eurystheó Hydram necáre. Hóc autem mónstrum eratcui novem erant capita. Herculés igitur cum amícó Ioláó profectus est adpalúdem Lernaeam, in quá Hydra habitábat. Mox mónstrum invénit, etquamquam rés erat mágní perículí, collum éius sinistrá prehendit. Tumdextrá capita novem abscídere coepit; quotiéns tamen hóc fécerat, novacapita exoriébantur. Diú frústrá labórábat; tandem hóc cónátú déstitit. Deinde arborés succídere et ígnem accendere cónstituit. Hóc celeriterfécit, et postquam lígna ígnem comprehendérunt, face árdente collaadússit, unde capita exoriébantur. Nec tamen sine mágnó labóre haecfécit; vénit enim auxilió Hydrae cancer ingéns, quí, dum Herculés capitaabscídit, crúra éius mordébat. Postquam mónstrum tálí modó interfécit, sagittás suás sanguine éius imbuit, itaque mortiferás reddidit. 

23. _THIRD LABOR: THE CERYNEAN STAG_

Postquam Eurystheó caedés Hydrae núntiáta est, mágnus timor animum éiusoccupávit. Iussit igitur Herculem cervum quendam ad sé referre; nóluitenim virum tantae audáciae in urbe retinére. Híc autem cervus, cúiuscornua aurea fuisse tráduntur, incrédibilí fuit celeritáte. Herculésigitur prímó vestígiís eum in silvá persequébátur; deinde ubi cervumipsum vídit, omnibus víribus currere coepit. Úsque ad vesperum currébat, neque nocturnum tempus sibi ad quiétem relinquébat, frústrá tamen; núllóenim modó cervum cónsequí poterat. Tandem postquam tótum annum cucurrerat(ita tráditur), cervum cursú exanimátum cépit, et vívum ad Eurystheumrettulit. 

24. _FOURTH LABOR: THE ERYMANTHIAN BOAR_

Tum véró iússus est Herculés aprum quendam capere quí illó tempore agrósErymanthiós vástábat et incolás húius regiónis mágnopere terrébat. Herculés rem suscépit et in Arcadiam profectus est. Postquam in silvampaulum prógressus est, apró occurrit. Ille autem simul atque Herculemvídit, statim refúgit; et timóre perterritus in altam fossam sé próiécit. Herculés igitur laqueum quem attulerat iniécit, et summá cum difficultáteaprum é fossá extráxit. Ille etsí fortiter repúgnábat, núlló modó sélíberáre potuit; et ab Hercule ad Eurystheum vívus relátus est. 

25. _HERCULES AT THE CENTAUR'S CAVE_

Dé quartó labóre, quem suprá nárrávimus, haec etiam tráduntur. Herculésdum iter in Arcadiam facit, ad eam regiónem vénit quam centauríincolébant. Cum nox iam appeteret, ad spéluncam dévertit in quá centaurusquídam, nómine Pholus, habitábat. 

Ille Herculem benígné excépit et cénam parávit. At Herculés postquamcénávit, vínum á Pholó postulávit. Erat autem in spéluncá mágna amphoravínó optimó repléta, quam centaurí ibi déposuerant. Pholus igitur hócvínum dare nólébat, quod reliquós centaurós timébat; núllum tamen vínumpraeter hóc in spéluncá habébat. "Hóc vínum, " inquit, "mihi commissumest. Sí igitur hóc dabó, centaurí mé interficient. " Herculés tamen euminrísit, et ipse póculum víní dé amphorá hausit. 

26. _THE FIGHT WITH THE CENTAURS_

Simul atque amphora aperta est, odor iúcundissimus undique diffúsus est;vínum enim suávissimum erat. Centaurí nótum odórem sénsérunt et omnés adlocum convénérunt. 

Ubi ad spéluncam pervénérunt, mágnopere írátí erant quod Herculembibentem vídérunt. Tum arma rapuérunt et Pholum interficere volébant. Herculés tamen in aditú spéluncae cónstitit et impetum eórum fortissimésustinébat. Facés árdentís in eós coniécit; multós etiam sagittís suísvulnerávit. Hae autem sagittae eaedem erant quae sanguine Hydrae ólimimbútae erant. Omnés igitur quós ille sagittís vulneráverat venénó statimabsúmptí sunt; reliquí autem ubi hóc vídérunt, terga vertérunt et fugásalútem petiérunt. 

27. _THE FATE OF PHOLUS_

Postquam reliquí fúgérunt, Pholus ex spéluncá égressus est, et corporaspectábat eórum quí sagittís interfectí erant. Mágnopere autem mírátusest quod tam leví vulnere exanimátí erant, et causam éius reí quaerébat. Adiit igitur locum ubi cadáver cúiusdam centaurí iacébat, et sagittam évulnere tráxit. Haec tamen síve cású síve cónsilió deórum é manibus éiuslapsa est, et pedem leviter vulnerávit. Ille extempló dolórem gravem peromnia membra sénsit, et post breve tempus ví venéní exanimátus est. MoxHerculés, quí reliquós centaurós secútus erat, ad spéluncam rediit, etmágnó cum dolóre Pholum mortuum vídit. Multís cum lacrimís corpus amícíad sepultúram dedit; tum, postquam alterum póculum víní exhausit, somnósé dedit. 

28. _FIFTH LABOR: THE AUGEAN STABLES_

Deinde Eurystheus Herculí hunc labórem graviórem imposuit. Augéás quídam, quí illó tempore régnum in Élide obtinébat, tria mília boum habébat. Híin stabuló ingentis mágnitúdinis inclúdébantur. Stabulum autem inluvié acsquálóre erat obsitum, neque enim ad hóc tempus umquam púrgátum erat. HócHerculés intrá spatium úníus diéí púrgáre iússus est. Ille, etsí rés eratmultae operae, negótium suscépit. Prímum mágnó labóre fossam duodévígintípedum dúxit, per quam flúminis aquam dé montibus ad múrum stabulíperdúxit. Tum postquam múrum perrúpit, aquam in stabulum immísit et tálímodó contrá opíniónem omnium opus cónfécit. 

29. _SIXTH LABOR: THE STYMPHALIAN BIRDS_

Post paucós diés Herculés ad oppidum Stymphálum iter fécit; imperáveratenim eí Eurystheus ut avís Stymphálidés necáret. Hae avés róstra aéneahabébant et carne hominum véscébantur. Ille postquam ad locum pervénit, lacum vídit; in hóc autem lacú, quí nón procul erat ab oppidó, avéshabitábant. Núlla tamen dabátur appropinquandí facultás; lacus enim nónex aquá sed é límó cónstitit. Herculés igitur neque pedibus neque lintreprógredí potuit. 

Ille cum mágnam partem diéí frústrá cónsúmpsisset, hóc cónátú déstitit etad Volcánum sé contulit, ut auxilium ab eó peteret. Volcánus (quí abfabrís máximé colébátur) crepundia quae ipse ex aere fabricátus eratHerculí dedit. Hís Herculés tam ácrem crepitum fécit ut avés perterritaeávolárent. Ille autem, dum ávolant, mágnum numerum eárum sagittístránsfíxit. 

30. _SEVENTH LABOR: THE CRETAN BULL_

Tum Eurystheus Herculí imperávit ut taurum quendam ferócissimum ex ínsuláCrétá vívum referret. Ille igitur návem cónscendit, et cum ventus idóneusesset, statim solvit. Cum tamen ínsulae iam appropinquáret, tantatempestás subitó coorta est ut návis cursum tenére nón posset. Tantusautem timor animós nautárum occupávit ut paene omnem spem salútisdépónerent. Herculés tamen, etsí návigandí imperítus erat, haudquáquamterritus est. 

Post breve tempus summa tranquillitás cónsecúta est, et nautae, quí sé extimóre iam recéperant, návem incolumem ad terram appulérunt. Herculés énáví égressus est, et cum ad régem Crétae vénisset, causam veniendídocuit. Deinde, postquam omnia paráta sunt, ad eam regiónem contenditquam taurus vástábat. Mox taurum vídit, et quamquam rés erat mágníperículí, cornua éius prehendit. Tum, cum ingentí labóre mónstrum adnávem tráxisset, cum praedá in Graeciam rediit. 

31. _EIGHTH LABOR: THE MAN-EATING HORSES OF DIOMEDE_

Postquam ex ínsulá Crétá rediit, Herculés ab Eurystheó in Thráciam missusest, ut equós Diomédis redúceret. Hí equí carne hominum véscébantur;Diomédés autem, vir crúdélissimus, illís obiciébat peregrínós omnís quíin eam regiónem vénerant. Herculés igitur mágná celeritáte in Thráciamcontendit et ab Dioméde postulávit ut equí sibi tráderentur. Cum tamenille hóc facere nóllet, Herculés írá commótus régem interfécit et cadáveréius equís obicí iussit. 

Ita míra rérum commútátió facta est; is enim quí anteá multós cumcruciátú necáverat ipse eódem supplició necátus est. Cum haec núntiátaessent, omnés quí eam regiónem incolébant máximá laetitiá adfectí sunt etHerculí meritam grátiam referébant. Nón modo máximís honóribus etpraemiís eum decorávérunt sed órábant etiam ut régnum ipse susciperet. Ille tamen hóc facere nólébat, et cum ad mare rediisset, návem occupávit. Ubi omnia ad návigandum paráta sunt, equós in náví conlocávit; deinde, cum idóneam tempestátem nactus esset, sine morá é portú solvit, et paulópost equós in lítus Argolicum exposuit. 

32. _NINTH LABOR: THE GIRDLE OF HIPPOLYTE_

Géns Amázonum dícitur omnínó ex mulieribus cónstitisse. Hae summamscientiam reí mílitáris habébant, et tantam virtútem adhibébant ut cumvirís proelium committere audérent. Hippolyté, Amázonum régína, balteumhabuit celeberrimum quem Márs eí dederat. Adméta autem, Eurystheí fília, fámam dé hóc balteó accéperat et eum possidére vehementer cupiébat. Eurystheus igitur Herculí mandávit ut cópiás cógeret et bellum Amázonibusínferret. Ille núntiós in omnís partís dímísit, et cum mágna multitúdóconvénisset, eós délégit quí máximum úsum in ré mílitárí habébant. 

33. _THE GIRDLE IS REFUSED_

Hís virís Herculés persuásit, postquam causam itineris exposuit, ut sécumiter facerent. Tum cum iís quibus persuáserat návem cónscendit, et cumventus idóneus esset, post paucós diés ad óstium flúminis Thermódontisappulit. Postquam in fínís Amázonum vénit, núntium ad Hippolytam mísit, quí causam veniendí docéret et balteum pósceret. Ipsa Hippolyté balteumtrádere volébat, quod dé Herculis virtúte fámam accéperat; reliquae tamenAmázonés eí persuásérunt ut negáret. At Herculés, cum haec núntiátaessent, bellí fortúnam temptáre cónstituit. 

Proximó igitur dié cum cópiás édúxisset, locum idóneum délégit et hostísad púgnam évocávit. Amázonés quoque cópiás suás ex castrís édúxérunt etnón mágnó interválló ab Hercule aciem ínstrúxérunt. 

34. _THE BATTLE_

Palús erat nón mágna inter duo exercitús; neutrí tamen initium tránseundífacere volébant. Tandem Herculés sígnum dedit, et ubi palúdem tránsiit, proelium commísit. 

Amázonés impetum virórum fortissimé sustinuérunt, et contrá opíniónemomnium tantam virtútem praestitérunt ut multós eórum occíderint, multósetiam in fugam coniécerint. Virí enim novó genere púgnae perturbábanturnec mágnam virtútem praestábant. Herculés autem cum haec vidéret, dé suísfortúnís déspéráre coepit. Mílités igitur vehementer cohortátus est utprístinae virtútis memoriam retinérent neu tantum dédecus admitterent, hostiumque impetum fortiter sustinérent; quibus verbís animós omnium itaéréxit ut multí etiam quí vulneribus cónfectí essent proelium sine moráredintegrárent. 

35. _THE DEFEAT OF THE AMAZONS_

Diú et ácriter púgnátum est; tandem tamen ad sólis occásum tantacommútátió rérum facta est ut mulierés terga verterent et fugá salútempeterent. Multae autem vulneribus défessae dum fugiunt captae sunt, inquó numeró ipsa erat Hippolyté. Herculés summam clémentiam praestitit, etpostquam balteum accépit, líbertátem omnibus captívís dedit. Tum vérósociós ad mare redúxit, et quod nón multum aestátis supererat, inGraeciam proficíscí mátúrávit. Návem igitur cónscendit, et tempestátemidóneam nactus statim solvit; antequam tamen in Graeciam pervénit, adurbem Tróiam návem appellere cónstituit, frúmentum enim quod sécumhabébat iam déficere coeperat. 

36. _LAOMEDON AND THE SEA-MONSTER_

Láomedón quídam illó tempore régnum Tróiae obtinébat. Ad hunc Neptúnus etApolló annó superióre vénerant, et cum Tróia nóndum moenia habéret, adhóc opus auxilium obtulerant. Postquam tamen hórum auxilió moeniacónfecta sunt, nólébat Láomedón praemium quod próposuerat persolvere. 

Neptúnus igitur et Apolló ob hanc causam írátí mónstrum quoddam míséruntspecié horribilí, quod cottídié é marí veniébat et homines pecudésquevorábat. Tróiání autem timóre perterrití in urbe continébantur, et pecoraomnia ex agrís intrá múrós compulerant. Láomedón hís rébus commótusóráculum cónsuluit, ac deus eí praecépit ut filiam Hésionem mónstróobiceret. 

37. _THE RESCUE OF HESIONE_

Láomedón, cum hóc respónsum renúntiátum esset, mágnum dolórem percépit;sed tamen, ut cívís suós tantó perículó líberáret, óráculó párérecónstituit et diem sacrifició díxit. Sed síve cású síve cónsilió deórumHerculés tempore opportúnissimó Tróiam attigit; ipsó enim temporis punctóquó puella caténís vincta ad lítus dédúcébátur ille návem appulit. Herculés é náví égressus dé rébus quae gerébantur certior factus est; tumírá commótus ad régem sé contulit et auxilium suum obtulit. Cum réxlibenter eí concessisset ut, sí posset, puellam líberáret, Herculésmónstrum interfécit; et puellam, quae iam omnem spem salútis déposuerat, incolumem ad patrem redúxit. Láomedón mágnó cum gaudió fíliam suamaccépit, et Herculí pró tantó benefició meritam grátiam rettulit. 

38. _TENTH LABOR: THE OXEN OF GERYON_

Tum véró missus est Herculés ad ínsulam Erythíam, ut bovés Géryonisarcesseret. Rés erat summae difficultátis, quod bovés á quódam Eurytióneet á cane bicipite custódiébantur. Ipse autem Géryón speciem horribilempraebébat; tria enim corpora inter sé coniúncta habébat. Herculés tamenetsí intellegébat quantum perículum esset, negótium suscépit; ac postquamper multás terrás iter fécit, ad eam partem Libyae pervénit quae Európaeproxima est. Ibi in utróque lítore fretí quod Európam á Libyá díviditcolumnás cónstituit, quae posteá Herculis Columnae appellábantur. 

39. _THE GOLDEN SHIP_

Dum híc morátur, Herculés mágnum incommodum ex calóre sólis accipiébat;tandem igitur írá commótus arcum suum intendit et sólem sagittís petiit. Sól tamen audáciam virí tantum admírátus est ut lintrem auream eídederit. Herculés hóc dónum libentissimé accépit, núllam enim návem inhís regiónibus inveníre potuerat. Tum lintrem dédúxit, et ventum nactusidóneum post breve tempus ad ínsulam pervénit. Ubi ex incolís cógnóvitquó in locó bovés essent, in eam partem statim profectus est et á régeGéryone postulávit ut bovés sibi tráderentur. Cum tamen ille hóc facerenóllet, Herculés et régem ipsum et Eurytiónem, quí erat ingentímágnitúdine corporis, interfécit. 

40. _A MIRACULOUS HAIL-STORM_

Tum Herculés bovés per Hispániam et Liguriam compellere cónstituit;postquam igitur omnia paráta sunt, bovés ex ínsulá ad continentemtránsportávit. Ligurés autem, géns bellicósissima, dum ille per fíníseórum iter facit, mágnás cópiás coégérunt atque eum longius prógredíprohibébant. Herculés mágnam difficultátem habébat, barbarí enim in locíssuperióribus cónstiterant et saxa télaque in eum coniciébant. Ille quidempaene omnem spem salútis déposuerat, sed tempore opportúnissimó Iuppiterimbrem lapidum ingentium é caeló démísit. Hí tantá ví cecidérunt utmágnum numerum Ligurum occíderint; ipse tamen Herculés (ut in tálibusrébus accidere cónsuévit) nihil incommodí cépit. 

41. _THE PASSAGE OF THE ALPS_

Postquam Ligurés hóc modó superátí sunt, Herculés quam celerriméprógressus est et post paucós diés ad Alpís pervénit. Necesse erat hástránsíre, ut in Ítaliam bovés ageret; rés tamen summae eratdifficultátis. Hí enim montés, quí últeriórem á citerióre Galliádívidunt, nive perenní sunt téctí; quam ob causam neque frúmentum nequepábulum in hís regiónibus invenírí potest. Herculés igitur antequamascendere coepit, mágnam cópiam frúmentí et pábulí comparávit et hóccommeátú bovés onerávit. Postquam in hís rébus trís diés cónsúmpserat, quartó dié profectus est, et contrá omnium opíniónem bovés incolumís inÍtaliam trádúxit. 

42. _CACUS STEALS THE OXEN_

Breví tempore ad flúmen Tiberim vénit. Tum tamen núlla erat urbs in eólocó, Róma enim nóndum condita erat. Herculés itinere fessus cónstituitibi paucós diés morárí, ut sé ex labóribus recreáret. Haud procul á valleubi bovés páscébantur spélunca erat, in quá Cácus, horribile mónstrum, tum habitábat. Híc speciem terribilem praebébat, nón modo quod ingentímágnitúdine corporis erat, sed quod ígnem ex óre exspírábat. Cácus autemdé adventú Herculis fámam accéperat; noctú igitur vénit, et dum Herculésdormit, quattuor pulcherrimórum boum abripuit. Hós caudís in spéluncamtráxit, né Herculés é vestígiís cógnóscere posset quó in locó célátíessent. 

43. _HERCULES DISCOVERS THE THEFT_

Posteró dié simul atque é somnó excitátus est, Herculés fúrtumanimadvertit et bovés ámissós omnibus locís quaerébat. Hós tamen núsquamreperíre poterat, nón modo quod locí nátúram ígnórábat, sed quodvestígiís falsís déceptus est. Tandem cum mágnam partem diéí frústrácónsúmpsisset, cum reliquís bóbus prógredí cónstituit. At dum proficíscíparat, únus é bóbus quós sécum habuit múgíre coepit. Subitó ií quí inspéluncá inclúsí erant múgítum reddidérunt, et hóc modó Herculemcertiórem fécérunt quó in locó célátí essent. Ille vehementer írátus adspéluncam quam celerrimé sé contulit, ut praedam reciperet. At Cácussaxum ingéns ita déiécerat ut aditus spéluncae omnínó obstruerétur. 

44. _HERCULES AND CACUS_

Herculés cum núllum alium introitum reperíre posset, hóc saxum ámovérecónátus est, sed propter éius mágnitúdinem rés erat difficillima. Diúfrústrá labórábat neque quicquam efficere poterat; tandem tamen mágnócónátú saxum ámóvit et spéluncam patefécit. Ibi ámissós bovés mágnó cumgaudió cónspéxit; sed Cácum ipsum vix cernere potuit, quod spéluncarepléta erat fúmó quem ille móre suó évomébat. Herculés inúsitátá speciéturbátus breve tempus haesitábat; mox tamen in spéluncam inrúpit etcollum mónstrí bracchiís complexus est. Ille etsí multum repúgnávit, núlló modó sé líberáre potuit, et cum núlla facultás respírandí darétur, mox exanimátus est. 

45. _ELEVENTH LABOR: THE GOLDEN APPLES OF THE HESPERIDES_

Eurystheus postquam bovés Géryonis accépit, labórem úndecimum Herculíimposuit, graviórem quam quós suprá nárrávimus. Mandávit enim eí ut aureapóma ex hortó Hesperidum auferret. Hesperidés autem nymphae erant quaedamfórmá praestantissimá, quae in terrá longinquá habitábant, et quibusaurea quaedam póma á Iúnóne commissa erant. Multí hominés aurí cupiditáteinductí haec póma auferre iam anteá cónátí erant. Rés tamen difficillimaerat, namque hortus in quó póma erant múró ingentí undique circumdatuserat; praetereá dracó quídam cui centum erant capita portam hortídíligenter custódiébat. Opus igitur quod Eurystheus Herculí imperáveraterat summae difficultátis, nón modo ob causás quás memorávimus, sed etiamquod Herculés omnínó ígnórábat quó in locó hortus ille situs esset. 

46. _HERCULES ASKS AID OF ATLAS_

Herculés quamquam quiétem vehementer cupiébat, tamen Eurystheó párérecónstituit, et simul ac iússa éius accépit, proficíscí mátúrávit. Ámultís mercátóribus quaesíverat quó in locó Hesperidés habitárent, nihiltamen certum reperíre potuerat. Frústrá per multás terrás iter fécit etmulta perícula subiit; tandem, cum in hís itineribus tótum annumcónsúmpsisset, ad extrémam partem orbis terrárum, quae proxima estÓceanó, pervénit. Híc stábat vir quídam, nomine Atlás, ingentímágnitúdine corporis, quí caelum (ita tráditum est) umerís suís sustinébat, né in terram décideret. Herculés tantás vírís mágnopere mírátus statim inconloquium cum Atlante vénit, et cum causam itineris docuisset, auxiliumab eó petiit. 

47. _HERCULES BEARS UP THE HEAVENS_

Atlás autem Herculí máximé pródesse potuit; ille enim cum ipse essetpater Hesperidum, certó scívit quó in locó esset hortus. Postquam igituraudívit quam ob causam Herculés vénisset, "Ipse, " inquit, "ad hortum íbóet fíliábus meís persuádébó ut póma suá sponte trádant. " Herculés cumhaec audíret, mágnopere gávísus est; vim enim adhibére nóluit, sí résaliter fierí posset. Cónstituit igitur oblátum auxilium accipere. Atlástamen postulávit ut, dum ipse abesset, Herculés caelum umerís sustinéret. Hóc autem negótium Herculés libenter suscépit, et quamquam rés erat summílabóris, tótum pondus caelí continuós complúrís diés sólus sustinébat. 

48. _THE RETURN OF ATLAS_

Atlás intereá abierat et ad hortum Hesperidum, quí pauca mília passuumaberat, sé quam celerrimé contulerat. Eó cum vénisset, causam veniendíexposuit et fíliás suás vehementer hortátus est ut póma tráderent. Illaediú haerébant; nólébant enim hóc facere, quod ab ipsá Iúnóne (ita ut antedictum est) hóc múnus accépissent. Atlás tamen aliquandó iís persuásit utsibi párérent, et póma ad Herculem rettulit. Herculés intereá cum plúrísdiés exspectávisset neque úllam fámam dé reditú Atlantis accépisset, hácmorá graviter commótus est. Tandem quíntó dié Atlantem vídit redeuntem, et mox mágnó cum gaudió póma accépit; tum, postquam grátiás pró tantóbenefició égit, ad Graeciam proficíscí mátúrávit. 

49. _TWELFTH LABOR: CERBERUS THE THREE-HEADED DOG_

Postquam aurea póma ad Eurystheum reláta sunt, únus modo relinquébátur éduodecim labóribus quós Pýthia Herculí praecéperat. Eurystheus autem cumHerculem mágnopere timéret, eum in aliquem locum mittere volébat undenumquam redíre posset. Negótium igitur eí dedit ut canem Cerberum ex Orcóin lúcem traheret. Hóc opus omnium difficillimum erat, némó enim umquamex Orcó redierat. Praetereá Cerberus iste mónstrum erat horribilí specié, cui tria erant capita serpentibus saevís cincta. Antequam tamen dé hóclabóre nárrámus, nón aliénum vidétur, quoniam dé Orcó mentiónem fécimus, pauca dé eá regióne própónere. 

50. _CHARON'S FERRY_

Dé Orcó, quí ídem Hádés appellábátur, haec tráduntur. Ut quisque dé vítádécesserat, mánés éius ad Orcum, sédem mortuórum, á deó Mercuriódédúcébantur. Húius regiónis, quae sub terrá fuisse dícitur, réx eratPlútó, cui uxor erat Próserpina, Iovis et Cereris fília. Mánés igitur áMercurió déductí prímum ad rípam veniébant Stygis flúminis, quó régnumPlútónis continétur. Hóc tránsíre necesse erat antequam in Orcum venírepossent. Cum tamen in hóc flúmine núllus póns factus esset, mánéstránsvehébantur á Charonte quódam, quí cum parvá scaphá ad rípamexspectábat. Charón pró hóc offició mercédem postulábat, neque quemquam, nisi hóc praemium prius dedisset, tránsvehere volébat. Quam ob causam móserat apud antíquós nummum in óre mortuí pónere eó cónsilió, ut cum adStygem vénisset, pretium tráiectús solvere posset. Ií autem quí postmortem in terrá nón sepultí erant Stygem tránsíre nón potuérunt, sed inrípá per centum annós erráre coáctí sunt; tum démum Orcum intráre licuit. 

51. _THE REALM OF PLUTO_

Ut autem mánés Stygem hóc modó tránsierant, ad alterum veniébant flúmen, quod Léthé appellábátur. Ex hóc flúmine aquam bibere cógébantur; quod cumfécissent, rés omnís in vítá gestás é memoriá dépónébant. Dénique adsédem ipsíus Plútónis veniébant, cúius introitus á cane Cerberócustódiébátur. Ibi Plútó nigró vestítú indútus cum uxóre Próserpiná insolió sedébat. Stábant etiam nón procul ab eó locó tria alia solia, inquibus sedébant Mínós, Rhadamanthus, Aeacusque, iúdicés apud ínferós. Hímortuís iús dícébant et praemia poenásque cónstituébant. Boní enim inCampós Élysiós, sédem beátórum, veniébant; improbí autem in Tartarummittébantur ac multís et variís suppliciís ibi excruciábantur. 

52. _HERCULES CROSSES THE STYX_

Herculés postquam imperia Eurystheí accépit, in Lacóniam ad Taenarumstatim sé contulit; ibi enim spélunca erat ingentí mágnitúdine, per quam, ut trádébátur, hominés ad Orcum déscendébant. Eó cum vénisset, ex incolísquaesívit quó in locó spélunca illa sita esset; quod cum cógnóvisset, sine morá déscendere cónstituit. Nec tamen sólus hóc iter faciébat, Mercurius enim et Minerva sé eí sociós adiúnxerant. Ubi ad rípam Stygisvénit, Herculés scapham Charontis cónscendit, ut ad últeriórem rípamtránsíret. Cum tamen Herculés vir esset ingentí mágnitúdine corporis, Charón solvere nólébat; mágnopere enim verébátur né scapha sua tantópondere oneráta in medió flúmine mergerétur. Tandem tamen minís Herculisterritus Charón scapham solvit, et eum incolumem ad últeriórem rípamperdúxit. 

53. _THE LAST LABOR IS ACCOMPLISHED_

Postquam flúmen Stygem hóc modó tránsiit, Herculés in sédem ipsíusPlútónis vénit; et postquam causam veniendí docuit, ab eó petívit utCerberum auferre sibi licéret. Plútó, quí dé Hercule fámam accéperat, eumbenígné excépit, et facultátem quam ille petébat libenter dedit. Postulávit tamen ut Herculés ipse, cum imperáta Eurystheí fécisset, Cerberum in Orcum rúrsus redúceret. Herculés hóc pollicitus est, etCerberum, quem nón sine mágnó perículó manibus prehenderat, summó cumlabóre ex Orcó in lúcem et ad urbem Eurystheí tráxit. Eó cum vénisset, tantus timor animum Eurystheí occupávit ut ex átrió statim refúgerit; cumautem paulum sé ex timóre recépisset, multís cum lacrimís obsecrávitHerculem ut mónstrum sine morá in Orcum redúceret. Síc contrá omniumopíniónem duodecim illí labórés quós Pýthia praecéperat intrá duodecimannós cónfectí sunt; quae cum ita essent, Herculés servitúte tandemlíberátus mágnó cum gaudió Thébás rediit. 

54. _THE CENTAUR NESSUS_

Posteá Herculés multa alia praeclára perfécit, quae nunc perscríberelongum est. Tandem iam aetáte próvectus Déianíram, Oeneí fíliam, inmátrimónium dúxit; post tamen trís annós accidit ut puerum quendam, cuinómen erat Eunomus, cású occíderit. Cum autem mós esset ut sí quishominem cású occídisset, in exsilium íret, Herculés cum uxóre suá éfínibus éius cívitátis exíre mátúrávit. Dum tamen iter faciunt, ad flúmenquoddam pervénérunt in quó núllus póns erat; et dum quaerunt quónam modóflúmen tránseant, accurrit centaurus Nessus, quí viátóribus auxiliumobtulit. Herculés igitur uxórem suam in tergum Nessí imposuit; tum ipseflúmen tránávit. Nessus autem paulum in aquam prógressus ad rípam subitórevertébátur et Déianíram auferre cónábátur. Quod cum animadvertissetHerculés, írá graviter commótus arcum intendit et pectus Nessí sagittátránsfíxit. 

55. _THE POISONED ROBE_

Nessus igitur sagittá Herculis tránsfíxus moriéns humí iacébat; at néoccásiónem suí ulcíscendí dímitteret, ita locútus est: "Tú, Déianíra, verba morientis audí. Sí amórem marítí tuí cónserváre vís, hunc sanguinemquí nunc é pectore meó effunditur súme ac repóne; tum, sí umquam insuspíciónem tibi vénerit, vestem marítí hóc sanguine ínficiés. " Haeclocútus Nessus animam efflávit; Déianíra autem nihil malí suspicátaimperáta fécit. Pauló post Herculés bellum contrá Eurytum, régemOechaliae, suscépit; et cum régem ipsum cum fíliís interfécisset, Iolénéius fíliam captívam sécum redúxit. Antequam tamen domum vénit, návem adCénaeum prómunturium appulit, et in terram égressus áram cónstituit, utIoví sacrificáret. Dum tamen sacrificium parat, Licham comitem suum domummísit, quí vestem albam referret; mós enim erat apud antíquós, dumsacrificia facerent, albam vestem gerere. At Déianíra verita né Herculésamórem ergá Iolén habéret, vestem priusquam Lichae dedit, sanguine Nessíínfécit. 

[Illustration: HERCULES, NESSUS, AND DEJANIRA]

56. _THE DEATH OF HERCULES_

Herculés nihil malí suspicáns vestem quam Lichás attulerat statim induit;pauló post tamen dolórem per omnia membra sénsit, et quae causa essetéius reí mágnopere mirábátur. Dolóre paene exanimátus vestem détraherecónátus est; illa tamen in corpore haesit, neque úlló modó abscindípotuit. Tum démum Herculés quasi furóre impulsus in montem Octam sécontulit, et in rogum, quem summá celeritáte exstrúxit, sé imposuit. Hóccum fécisset, eós quí circumstábant órávit ut rogum quam celerrimésuccenderent. Omnés diú recúsábant; tandem tamen pástor quídam admisericordiam inductus ígnem subdidit. Tum, dum omnia fúmó obscúrantur, Herculés dénsá núbe vélátus á Iove in Olympum abreptus est. 

THE ARGONAUTS

_The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought about in this way. Pelias had expelled his brother Aeson from his kingdom in Thessaly, andhad determined to take the life of Jason, the son of Aeson. Jason, however, escaped and grew up to manhood in another country. At last hereturned to Thessaly; and Pelias, fearing that he might attempt torecover the kingdom, sent him to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis, supposing this to be an impossible feat. Jason with a band of heroes setsail in the ship Argo (called after Argus, its builder), and after manyadventures reached Colchis. Here Aeétes, king of Colchis, who wasunwilling to give up the Fleece, set Jason to perform what seemed animpossible task, namely to plough a field with certain fire-breathingoxen, and then to sow it with dragon's teeth. Medéa, however, thedaughter of the king, assisted Jason by her skill in magic, first toperform the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece. She then fledwith Jason, and to delay the pursuit of her father, sacrificed herbrother Absyrtus. After reaching Thessaly, Medéa caused the death ofPelias and was expelled from the country with her husband. They removedto Corinth, and here Medéa becoming jealous of Glauce, daughter of Creon, caused her death by means of a poisoned robe. She was afterward carriedoff in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and a little later Jason wasaccidentally killed_. 

57. _THE WICKED UNCLE_

Erant ólim in Thessaliá duo frátrés, quórum alter Aesón, Peliás alterappellábátur. Aesón prímó régnum obtinuerat; at post paucós annós Peliásrégní cupiditáte adductus nón modo frátrem suum expulit, sed etiam inanimó habébat Iásonem, Aesonis fílium, interficere. Quídam tamen examícís Aesonis, ubi sententiam Peliae cógnóvérunt, puerum é tantóperículó éripere cónstituérunt. Noctú igitur Iásonem ex urbe abstulérunt, et cum posteró dié ad régem rediissent, eí renúntiávérunt puerum mortuumesse. Peliás cum hóc audívisset, etsí ré vérá mágnum gaudium percipiébat, speciem tamen dolóris praebuit et quae causa esset mortis quaesívit. Illíautem cum bene intellegerent dolórem éius falsum esse, nesció quamfábulam dé morte puerí finxérunt. 

58. _A FATEFUL ACCIDENT_

Post breve tempus Peliás, veritus né régnum suum tantá ví et fraudeoccupátum ámitteret, amícum quendam Delphós mísit, quí óráculumcónsuleret. Ille igitur quam celerrimé Delphós sé contulit et quam obcausam vénisset démónstrávit. Respondit óráculum núllum esse inpraesentiá perículum; monuit tamen Peliam ut sí quis únum calceum gerénsveníret, eum cavéret. Post paucís annís accidit ut Peliás mágnumsacrificium factúrus esset; núntiós in omnís partís dímíserat et certamdiem conveniendí díxerat. Dié cónstitútá mágnus hominum numerus undiqueex agrís convénit; in hís autem vénit etiam Iásón, quí á pueritiá apudcentaurum quendam habitáverat. Dum tamen iter facit, únum é calceís intránseundó nesció quó flúmine ámísit. 

59. _THE GOLDEN FLEECE_

Iásón igitur cum calceum ámissum núlló modó recipere posset, únó pedenúdó in régiam pervénit. Quem cum Peliás vídisset, subitó timóre adfectusest; intelléxit enim hunc esse hominem quem óráculum démónstrávisset. Hócigitur cónsilium iniit. Réx erat quídam Aeétés, quí régnum Colchidis illótempore obtinébat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum quod Phrixusólim ibi relíquerat. Cónstituit igitur Peliás Iásoní negótium dare ut hócvellere potírétur; cum enim rés esset mágní perículí, eum in itinereperitúrum esse spérábat. Iásonem igitur ad sé arcessívit, et eumcohortátus quid fierí vellet docuit. Ille etsí intellegébat rem essedifficillimam, negótium libenter suscépit. 

60. _THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO_

Cum tamen Colchis multórum diérum iter ab eó locó abesset, sólus Iásónproficíscí nóluit. Dímísit igitur núntiós in omnís partís, quí causamitineris docérent et diem certam conveniendí dícerent. Intereá, postquamomnia quae sunt úsuí ad armandás návís comportárí iussit, negótium deditArgó cuidam, quí summam scientiam nauticárum rérum habébat, ut návemaedificáret. In hís rébus circiter decem diés cónsúmptí sunt; Argus enim, quí operí praeerat, tantam díligentiam adhibébat ut né nocturnum quidemtempus ad labórem intermitteret. Ad multitúdinem hominum tránsportandamnávis pauló erat látior quam quibus in nostró marí útí cónsuévimus, et advim tempestátum perferendam tóta é róbore facta est. 

61. _THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED_

Intereá is diés appetébat quem Iásón per núntiós édíxerat, et ex omnibusregiónibus Graeciae multí, quós aut reí novitás aut spés glóriae movébat, undique conveniébant. Tráditum est autem in hóc numeró fuisse Herculem, dé quó suprá multa perscrípsimus, Orpheum, citharoedum praeclárissimum, Théseum, Castorem, multósque aliós quorum nómina sunt nótissima. Ex hísIásón quós arbitrátus est ad omnia perícula subeunda parátissimós esse, eós ad numerum quínquágintá délégit et sociós sibi adiúnxit; tum paucósdiés commorátus, ut ad omnís cásús subsidia comparáret, návem dédúxit, ettempestátem ad návigandum idóneam nactus mágnó cum plausú omnium solvit. 

62. _A FATAL MISTAKE_

Haud multó post Argonautae (ita enim appellábantur quí in istá návívehébantur) ínsulam quandam, nómine Cyzicum, attigérunt; et é návíégressí á rége illíus regiónis hospitió exceptí sunt. Paucás hórás ibicommorátí ad sólis occásum rúrsus solvérunt; sed postquam pauca míliapassuum prógressí sunt, tanta tempestás subitó coorta est ut cursumtenére nón possent, et in eandem partem ínsulae unde núper profectí erantmágnó cum perículó déicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox esset obscúra, Argonautás nón ágnóscébant, et návem inimícam vénisse arbitrátí armarapuérunt et eós égredí prohibébant. Ácriter in lítore púgnátum est, etréx ipse, quí cum aliís décucurrerat, ab Argonautís occísus est. Moxtamen, cum iam dílúcésceret, sénsérunt incolae sé erráre et armaabiécérunt; Argonautae autem cum régem occísum esse vidérent, mágnumdolórem percépérunt. 

63. _THE LOSS OF HYLAS_

Postrídié éius diéí Iásón tempestátem satis idóneam esse arbitrátus(summa enim tranquillitás iam cónsecúta erat), ancorás sustulit, et paucamília passuum prógressus ante noctem Mýsiam attigit. Ibi paucás hórás inancorís exspectávit; á nautís enim cógnóverat aquae cópiam quam sécumhabérent iam déficere, quam ob causam quídam ex Argonautís in terramégressí aquam quaerébant. Hórum in numeró erat Hylás quídam, puer fórmápraestantissimá. Quí dum fontem quaerit, á comitibus paulum sécesserat. Nymphae autem quae fontem colébant, cum iuvenem vídissent, eí persuádérecónátae sunt ut sécum manéret; et cum ille negáret sé hóc factúrum esse, puerum ví abstulérunt. 

Comités éius postquam Hylam ámissum esse sénsérunt, mágnó dolóre adfectídiú frústrá quaerébant. Herculés autem et Polyphémus, quí vestígia puerílongius secútí erant, ubi tandem ad lítus rediérunt, Iásonem solvissecógnóvérunt. 

64. _DIFFICULT DINING_

Post haec Argonautae ad Thráciam cursum tenuérunt, et postquam ad oppidumSalmydéssum návem appulérunt, in terram égressí sunt. Ibi cum ab incolísquaesíssent quis régnum éius regiónis obtinéret, certiórés factí suntPhíneum quendam tum régem esse. Cógnóvérunt etiam hunc caecum esse etdíró quódam supplició adficí, quod ólim sé crúdélissimum in fíliós suóspraebuisset. Cúius supplicí hóc erat genus. Missa erant á Iove mónstraquaedam specié horribilí, quae capita virginum, corpora volucrumhabébant. Hae volucrés, quae Harpýiae appellábantur, Phíneó summammolestiam adferébant; quotiéns enim ille accubuerat, veniébant et cibumappositum statim auferébant. Quó factum est ut haud multum abesset quínPhíneus famé morerétur. 

65. _THE DELIVERANCE OF PHINEUS_

Rés igitur male sé habébat cum Argonautae návem appulérunt. Phíneus autemsimul atque audívit eós in suós fínís égressós esse, mágnopere gávísusest. Sciébat enim quantam opíniónem virtútis Argonautae habérent, necdubitábat quín sibi auxilium ferrent. Núntium igitur ad návem mísit, quíIásonem sociósque ad régiam vocáret. Eó cum vénissent, Phíneusdémónstrávit quantó in perículó suae rés essent, et prómísit sé mágnapraemia datúrum esse, sí illí remedium repperissent. Argonautae negótiumlibenter suscépérunt, et ubi hóra vénit, cum rége accubuérunt; at simulac céna apposita est, Harpýiae cénáculum intrávérunt et cibum auferrecónábantur. Argonautae prímum gladiís volucrés petiérunt; cum tamenvidérent hóc nihil pródesse, Zétés et Calais, quí álís erant ínstrúctí, in áera sé sublevávérunt, ut désuper impetum facerent. Quod cumsénsissent Harpýiae, reí novitáte perterritae statim aufúgérunt, nequeposteá umquam rediérunt. 

66. _THE SYMPLEGADES_

Hóc factó Phíneus, ut pró tantó benefició meritam grátiam referret, Iásoní démónstrávit quá ratióne Symplégadés vítáre posset. Symplégadésautem duae erant rúpés ingentí mágnitúdine, quae á Iove positae erant eócónsilió, né quis ad Colchida perveníret. Hae parvó interválló in marínatábant, et sí quid in medium spatium vénerat, incrédibilí celeritáteconcurrébant. Postquam igitur á Phíneó doctus est quid faciendum esset, Iásón sublátís ancorís návem solvit, et léní ventó próvectus mox adSymplégadés appropinquávit. Tum in prórá stáns columbam quam in manútenébat émísit. Illa réctá viá per medium spatium volávit, et priusquamrúpés cónflíxérunt, incolumis évásit caudá tantum ámissá. Tum rúpésutrimque discessérunt; antequam tamen rúrsus concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intellegentés omnem spem salútis in celeritáte positam esse, summáví rémís contendérunt et návem incolumem perdúxérunt. Hóc factó dísgrátiás máximás égérunt, quórum auxilió é tantó perículó éreptí essent;omnés enim sciébant nón sine auxilió deórum rem tam félíciter événisse. 

67. _A HEAVY TASK_

Breví intermissó spatió Argonautae ad flúmen Phásim vénérunt, quod infínibus Colchórum erat. Ibi cum návem appulissent et in terram égressíessent, statim ad régem Aeétem sé contulérunt et ab eó postulávérunt utvellus aureum sibi tráderétur. Ille cum audívisset quam ob causamArgonautae vénissent, írá commótus est et diú negábat sé vellustráditúrum esse. Tandem tamen, quod sciébat Iásonem nón sine auxiliódeórum hóc negótium suscépisse, mútátá sententiá prómísit sé vellustráditúrum, sí Iásón labórés duós difficillimós prius perfécisset; et cumIásón díxisset sé ad omnia perícula subeunda parátum esse, quid fierívellet ostendit. Prímum iungendí erant duo taurí specié horribilí, quíflammás ex óre édébant; tum hís iúnctís ager quídam arandus erat etdentés dracónis serendí. Hís audítís Iásón etsí rem esse summí perículíintellegébat, tamen, né hanc occásiónem reí bene gerendae ámitteret, negótium suscépit. 

68. _THE MAGIC OINTMENT_

Médéa, régis fília, Iásonem adamávit, et ubi audívit eum tantum perículumsubitúrum esse, rem aegré ferébat. Intellegébat enim patrem suum hunclabórem próposuisse eó ipsó cónsilió, ut Iásón morerétur. Quae cum itaessent, Médéa, quae summam scientiam medicínae habébat, hóc cónsiliuminiit. Mediá nocte ínsciente patre ex urbe évásit, et postquam in montísfínitimós vénit, herbás quásdam carpsit; tum súcó expressó unguentumparávit quod ví suá corpus aleret nervósque cónfírmáret. Hóc factó Iásoníunguentum dedit; praecépit autem ut eó dié quó istí labórés cónficiendíessent corpus suum et arma máne oblineret. Iásón etsí paene omnibushominibus mágnitúdine et víribus corporis antecellébat (víta enim omnisin vénátiónibus atque in studió reí mílitáris cónsúmébátur), tamen hóccónsilium nón neglegendum esse cénsébat. 

69. _THE SOWING OF THE DRAGON'S TEETH_

Ubi is diés vénit quem réx ad arandum agrum édíxerat, Iásón ortá lúce cumsociís ad locum cónstitútum sé contulit. Ibi stabulum ingéns repperit, inquó taurí erant inclúsí; tum portís apertís taurós in lúcem tráxit, etsummá cum difficultáte iugum imposuit. At Aeétés cum vidéret taurós nihilcontrá Iásonem valére, mágnopere mírátus est; nesciébat enim fíliam suamauxilium eí dedisse. Tum Iásón omnibus aspicientibus agrum aráre coepit, quá in ré tantam díligentiam praebuit ut ante merídiem tótum opuscónfécerit. Hóc factó ad locum ubi réx sedébat adiit et dentís dracónispostulávit; quós ubi accépit, in agrum quem aráverat mágná cum díligentiásparsit. Hórum autem dentium nátúra erat tális ut in eó locó ubi sémentésfactae essent virí armátí míró quódam modó gígnerentur. 

70. _A STRANGE CROP_

Nóndum tamen Iásón tótum opus cónfécerat; imperáverat enim eí Aeétés utarmátós virós quí é dentibus gígnerentur sólus interficeret. Postquamigitur omnís dentís in agrum sparsit, Iásón lassitúdine exanimátus quiétísé trádidit, dum virí istí gígnerentur. Paucás hórás dormiébat, subvesperum tamen é somnó subitó excitátus rem ita événisse ut praedictumesset cógnóvit; nam in omnibus agrí partibus virí ingentí mágnitúdinecorporis gladiís galeísque armátí mírum in modum é terrá oriébantur. Hóccógnitó Iásón cónsilium quod dedisset Médéa nón omittendum esse putábat. Saxum igitur ingéns (ita enim Médéa praecéperat) in mediós virósconiécit. Illí undique ad locum concurrérunt, et cum quisque sibi idsaxum nesció cúr habére vellet, mágna contróversia orta est. Mox strictísgladiís inter sé púgnáre coepérunt, et cum hóc modó plúrimí occísíessent, reliquí vulneribus cónfectí á Iásone núlló negótió interfectísunt. 

71. _THE FLIGHT OF MEDEA_

Réx Aeétés ubi Iásonem labórem própositum cónfécisse cógnóvit, írágraviter commótus est; id enim per dolum factum esse intellegébat; necdubitábat quín Médéa eí auxilium tulisset. Médéa autem cum intellegeretsé in mágnó fore perículó sí in régiá manéret, fugá salútem peterecónstituit. Omnibus rébus igitur ad fugam parátís mediá nocte ínscientepatre cum frátre Absyrtó évásit, et quam celerrimé ad locum ubi Argósubducta erat sé contulit. Eó cum vénisset, ad pedés Iásonis sé próiécit, et multís cum lacrimís eum obsecrávit né in tantó discrímine mulieremdésereret quae eí tantum prófuisset. Ille quod memoriá tenébat sé peréius auxilium é mágnó perículó évásisse, libenter eam excépit, etpostquam causam veniendí audívit, hortátus est né patris íram timéret. Prómísit autem sé quam prímum eam in náví suá ávectúrum. 

72. _THE SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE_

Postrídié éius diéí Iásón cum sociís suís ortá lúce návem dédúxit, ettempestátem idóneam nactí ad eum locum rémís contendérunt, quó in locóMédéa vellus célátum esse démónstrábat. Cum eó vénissent, Iásón in terramégressus est, et sociís ad mare relictís, quí praesidió náví essent, ipsecum Médéá in silvás sé contulit. Pauca mília passuum per silvamprógressus vellus quod quaerébat ex arbore suspénsum vídit. Id tamenauferre erat summae difficultátis; nón modo enim locus ipse égregié etnátúrá et arte erat múnítus, sed etiam dracó quídam specié terribilíarborem custódiébat. Tum Médéa, quae, ut suprá démónstrávimus, medicínaesummam scientiam habuit, rámum quem dé arbore proximá déripuerat venénóínfécit. Hóc factó ad locum appropinquávit, et dracónem, quí faucibusapertís éius adventum exspectábat, venénó sparsit; deinde, dum dracósomnó oppressus dormit, Iásón vellus aureum dé arbore déripuit et cumMédéá quam celerrimé pedem rettulit. 

73. _THE RETURN TO THE ARGO_

Dum autem ea geruntur, Argonautae, quí ad mare relictí erant, ánxió animóreditum Iásonis exspectábant; id enim negótium summí esse perículíintellegébant. Postquam igitur ad occásum sólis frústrá exspectávérunt, dé éius salúte déspéráre coepérunt, nec dubitábant quín aliquí cásusaccidisset. Quae cum ita essent, mátúrandum sibi cénsuérunt, ut ducíauxilium ferrent; sed dum proficíscí parant, lúmen quoddam subitócónspiciunt mírum in modum intrá silvás refulgéns, et mágnopere mírátíquae causa esset éius reí ad locum concurrunt. Quó cum vénissent, Iásoníet Médéae advenientibus occurrérunt, et vellus aureum lúminis éius causamesse cógnóvérunt. Omní timóre sublátó mágnó cum gaudió ducem suumexcépérunt, et dís grátiás máximás égérunt quod rés tam félíciterévénisset. 

74. _THE PURSUIT_

Hís rébus gestís omnés sine morá návem rúrsus cónscendérunt, et sublátísancorís prímá vigiliá solvérunt; neque enim satis tútum esse arbitrátísunt in eó locó manére. At réx Aeétés, quí iam ante inimícó in eós fueratanimó, ubi cógnóvit fíliam suam nón modo ad Argonautás sé recépisse sedetiam ad vellus auferendum auxilium tulisse, hóc dolóre gravius exársit. Návem longam quam celerrimé dédúcí iussit, et mílitibus impositísfugientís ínsecútus est. Argonautae, quí rem in discrímine esse benesciébant, omnibus víribus rémís contendébant; cum tamen návis quávehébantur ingentí esset mágnitúdine, nón eádem celeritáte quá Colchíprógredí poterant. Quó factum est ut minimum abesset quín á Colchíssequentibus caperentur, neque enim longius intererat quam quó télum adicíposset. At Médéa cum vídisset quó in locó rés essent, paene omní spédépositá ínfandum hóc cónsilium cépit. 

75. _A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT_

Erat in náví Argonautárum fílius quídam régis Aeétae, nómine Absyrtus, quem, ut suprá démónstrávimus, Médéa ex urbe fugiéns sécum abdúxerat. Hunc puerum Médéa interficere cónstituit eó cónsilió, ut membrís éius inmare coniectís cursum Colchórum impedíret; certó enim sciébat Aeétem, cummembra fílí vídisset, nón longius prósecútúrum esse. Neque opínió Médéamfefellit, omnia enim ita événérunt ut spéráverat. Aeétés ubi prímummembra vídit, ad ea conligenda návem tenérí iussit. Dum tamen eageruntur, Argonautae nón intermissó rémigandí labóre mox é cónspectúhostium auferébantur, neque prius fugere déstitérunt quam ad flúmenÉridanum pervénérunt. Aeétés nihil sibi prófutúrum esse arbitrátus sílongius prógressus esset, animó démissó domum revertit, ut fílí corpus adsepultúram daret. 

76. _THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS_

Tandem post multa perícula Iásón in eundem locum pervénit unde profectuserat. Tum é náví égressus ad régem Peliam, quí régnum adhúc obtinébat, statim sé contulit, et vellere aureó mónstrátó ab eó postulávit ut régnumsibi tráderétur; Peliás enim pollicitus erat, sí Iásón vellusrettulisset, sé régnum eí tráditúrum. Postquam Iásón quid fierí velletostendit, Peliás prímó nihil respondit, sed diú in eádem trístitiátacitus permánsit; tandem ita locútus est: "Vidés mé aetáte iam essecónfectum, neque dubium est quín diés suprémus mihi appropinquet. Liceatigitur mihi, dum vívam, hóc régnum obtinére; cum autem tandem décesseró, tú mihi succédés. " Hác órátióne adductus Iásón respondit sé id factúrumquod ille rogásset. 

77. _MAGIC ARTS_

Hís rébus cógnitís Médéa rem aegré tulit, et régní cupiditáte adductamortem régí per dolum ínferre cónstituit. Hóc cónstitútó ad fíliás régisvénit atque ita locúta est: "Vidétis patrem vestrum aetáte iam essecónfectum neque ad labórem régnandí perferendum satis valére. Vultisneeum rúrsus iuvenem fierí?" Tum fíliae régis ita respondérunt: "Num hócfierí potest? Quis enim umquam é sene iuvenis factus est?" At Médéarespondit: "Mé medicínae summam habére scientiam scítis. Nunc igiturvóbis démónstrábó quó modó haec rés fierí possit. " Postquam fínemloquendí fécit, arietem aetáte iam cónfectum interfécit et membra éius inváse aéneó posuit, atque ígní suppositó in aquam herbás quásdam infúdit. Tum, dum aqua effervésceret, carmen magicum cantábat. Mox ariés é váseexsiluit et víribus refectís per agrós currébat. 

78. _A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT_

Dum fíliae régis hóc míráculum stupentés intuentur, Médéa ita locúta est:"Vidétis quantum valeat medicína. Vós igitur, sí vultis patrem vestrum inaduléscentiam redúcere, id quod fécí ipsae faciétis. Vós patris membra invás conicite; ego herbás magicás praebébó. " Quod ubi audítum est, fíliaerégis cónsilium quod dedisset Médéa nón omittendum putávérunt. Patremigitur Peliam necávérunt et membra éius in vás aéneum coniécérunt; nihilautem dubitábant quín hóc máximé eí prófutúrum esset. At rés omnínóaliter événit ac spéráverant, Médéa enim nón eásdem herbás dedit quibusipsa úsa erat. Itaque postquam diú frústrá exspectávérunt, patrem suum révérá mortuum esse intelléxérunt. Hís rébus gestís Médéa sé cum coniugesuó régnum acceptúram esse spérábat; sed cívés cum intellegerent quó modóPeliás periisset, tantum scelus aegré tulérunt. Itaque Iásone et Médéá érégnó expulsís Acastum régem creávérunt. 

79. _A FATAL GIFT_

Iásón et Médéa é Thessaliá expulsí ad urbem Corinthum vénérunt, cúiusurbis Creón quídam régnum tum obtinébat. Erat autem Creontí fília úna, nómine Glaucé. Quam cum vídisset, Iásón cónstituit Médéae uxórí suaenúntium mittere eó cónsilió, ut Glaucén in mátrimónium dúceret. At Médéaubi intelléxit quae ille in animó habéret, írá graviter commóta iúreiúrandó cónfírmávit sé tantam iniúriam ultúram. Hóc igitur cónsiliumcépit. Vestem parávit summá arte textam et variís colóribus ínfectam;hanc mortiferó quódam venénó tinxit, cúius vís tális erat ut sí quis eamvestem induisset, corpus éius quasi ígní úrerétur. Hóc factó vestem adGlaucén mísit; illa autem nihil malí suspicáns dónum libenter accépit, etvestem novam móre féminárum statim induit. 

80. _MEDEA KILLS HER SONS_

Vix vestem induerat Glaucé cum dolórem gravem per omnia membra sénsit, etpauló post crúdélí cruciátú adfecta é vítá excessit. Hís rébus gestísMédéa furóre atque ámentiá impulsa fíliós suós necávit; tum mágnum sibifore perículum arbitráta sí in Thessaliá manéret, ex eá regióne fugerecónstituit. Hóc cónstitútó sólem órávit ut in tantó perículó auxiliumsibi praebéret. Sól autem hís precibus commótus currum mísit cui erantiúnctí dracónés álís ínstrúctí. Médéa nón omittendam tantam occásiónemarbitráta currum ascendit, itaque per áera vecta incolumis ad urbemAthénás pervénit. Iásón ipse breví tempore míró modó occísus est. Acciditsíve cású síve cónsilió deórum ut sub umbrá návis suae, quae in lítussubducta erat, dormíret. Mox návis, quae adhúc érécta steterat, in eampartem ubi Iásón iacébat subitó délapsa virum ínfélícem oppressit. 

[Illustration: MEDEA MEDITATING THE MURDER OF HER SONS]

ULYSSES

_Ulysses, a famous Greek hero, took a prominent part in the long siege ofTroy. After the fall of the city, he set out with his followers on hishomeward voyage to Ithaca, an island of which he was king; but beingdriven out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled to touch atthe country of the Lotus-eaters, who are supposed to have lived on thenorth coast of Africa. Some of his comrades were so delighted with thelotus fruit that they wished to remain in the country, but Ulyssescompelled them to embark again and continued his voyage. He next came tothe island of Sicily, and fell into the hands of the giant Polyphémus, one of the Cyclópes. After several of his comrades had been killed bythis monster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem and reached thecountry of the winds. Here he received the help of Aeolus, king of thewinds, and having set sail again, arrived within sight of Ithaca; butowing to the folly of his companions, the winds became suddenly adverseand he was again driven back. He then touched at an island which was thehome of Circe, a powerful enchantress, who exercised her charms on hiscompanions and turned them into swine. By the help of the god Mercury, Ulysses not only escaped this fate himself, but also forced Circe torestore her victims to human shape. After staying a year with Circe, heagain set out and eventually reached his home_. 

81. _HOMEWARD BOUND_

Urbem Tróiam á Graecís decem annós obsessam esse satis cónstat; dé hócenim belló Homérus, máximus poétárum Graecórum, Íliadem opus nótissimumscrípsit. Tróiá tandem per ínsidiás captá, Graecí longó belló fessí domumredíre mátúrávérunt. Omnibus rébus igitur ad profectiónem parátís návísdédúxérunt, et tempestátem idóneam nactí mágnó cum gaudió solvérunt. Eratinter prímós Graecórum Ulixés quídam, vir summae virtútis ac prúdentiae, quem dícunt nónnúllí dolum istum excógitásse quó Tróiam captam essecónstat. Híc régnum ínsulae Ithacae obtinuerat, et pauló antequam cumreliquís Graecís ad bellum profectus est, puellam fórmósissimam, nóminePénelopén, in mátrimónium dúxerat. Nunc igitur cum iam decem annós quasiin exsilió cónsúmpsisset, mágná cupiditáte patriae et uxóris videndaeárdébat. 

82. _THE LOTUS-EATERS_

Postquam tamen pauca mília passuum á lítore Tróiae progressí sunt, tantatempestás subitó coorta est ut núlla návium cursum tenére posset, sedaliae aliás in partís disicerentur. Návis autem quá ipse Ulixés vehébáturví tempestátis ad merídiem déláta decimó dié ad lítus Libyae appulsa est. Ancorís iactís Ulixés cónstituit nónnúllós é sociís in terram expónere, quí aquam ad návem referrent et quális esset nátúra éius regióniscógnóscerent. Hí igitur é náví égressí imperáta facere parábant. Dumtamen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex incolís obviam factí ab iís hospitióacceptí sunt. Accidit autem ut máior pars víctús eórum hominum in míróquódam frúctú quem lótum appellábant cónsisteret. Quam cum Graecígustássent, patriae et sociórum statim oblítí cónfírmávérunt sé semper ineá terrá mánsúrós, ut dulcí illó cibó in perpetuum véscerentur. 

83. _THE RESCUE_

Ulixés cum ab hórá septimá ad vesperum exspectásset, veritus né socií suíin perículó versárentur, nónnúllós é reliquís mísit, ut quae causa essetmorae cógnóscerent. Hí igitur in terram exposití ad vícum quí nón longéaberat sé contulérunt; quó cum vénissent, sociós suós quasi vínó ébriósrepperérunt. Tum ubi causam veniendí docuérunt, iís persuádére cónábanturut sécum ad návem redírent. Illí tamen resistere ac manú sé défenderecoepérunt, saepe clámitantés sé numquam ex eó locó abitúrós. Quae cum itaessent, núntií ré ínfectá ad Ulixem rediérunt. Hís rébus cógnitís ipsecum omnibus quí in náví relictí erant ad locum vénit; et sociós suósfrústrá hortátus ut suá sponte redírent, manibus eórum post terga vinctísinvítós ad návem reportávit. Tum ancorís sublátís quam celerrimé é portúsolvit. 

84. _THE ONE-EYED GIANT_

Postquam eá tótá nocte rémís contendérunt, postrídié ad terram ígnótamnávem appulérunt. Tum, quod nátúram éius regiónis ígnórábat, ipse Ulixéscum duodecim é sociís in terram égressus loca explóráre cónstituit. Paulum á lítore prógressí ad spéluncam ingentem pervénérunt, quamhabitárí sénsérunt; éius enim introitum et nátúrá locí et manú múnítumesse animadvertérunt. Mox, etsí intellegébant sé nón sine perículó idfactúrós, spéluncam intrávérunt; quod cum fécissent, mágnam cópiam lactisin vásís ingentibus conditam invénérunt. Dum tamen mírantur quis in eáséde habitáret, sonitum terribilem audívérunt, et oculís ad portam tortísmónstrum horribile vídérunt, húmáná quidem specié et figúrá, sed ingentímágnitúdine corporis. Cum autem animadvertissent mónstrum únum oculumtantum habére in mediá fronte positum, intelléxérunt hunc esse únum éCyclópibus, dé quibus fámam iam accéperant. 

85. _THE GIANT'S SUPPER_

Cyclópés autem pástórés erant quídam quí ínsulam Siciliam et praecipuémontem Aetnam incolébant; ibi enim Volcánus, praeses fabrórum et ígnisrepertor, cúius serví Cyclópés erant, officínam suam habébat. 

Graecí igitur simul ac mónstrum vídérunt, terróre paene exanimátí ininteriórem partem spéluncae refúgérunt et sé ibi abdere cónábantur. Polyphémus autem (síc enim Cyclóps appellábátur) pecus suum in spéluncamcompulit; deinde, cum saxó ingentí portam obstrúxisset, ígnem in mediáspéluncá fécit. Hóc factó, oculó omnia perlústrábat, et cum sénsissethominés in interióre parte spéluncae esse abditós, mágná vóce exclámávit:"Quí hominés estis? Mercátórés an latrónés?" Tum Ulixés respondit séneque mercátórés esse neque praedandí causá vénisse; sed á Tróiáredeuntís ví tempestátum á réctó cursú dépulsós esse. Órávit etiam utsibi sine iniúriá abíre licéret. Tum Polyphémus quaesívit ubi esset návisquá vectí essent; sed Ulixés cum sibi máximé praecavendum esse beneintellegeret, respondit návem suam in rúpís coniectam omnínó fráctamesse. Polyphémus autem núlló respónsó dató duo é sociís manú corripuit, et membrís eórum dívulsís carnem dévoráre coepit. 

86. _A DESPERATE SITUATION_

Dum haec geruntur, Graecórum animós tantus terror occupávit ut né vócemquidem édere possent, sed omní spé salútis dépositá mortem praesentemexspectárent. Polyphémus, postquam famés hác tam horribilí céná dépulsaest, humí próstrátus somnó sé dedit. Quod cum vídisset Ulixés, tantamoccásiónem reí gerendae nón omittendam arbitrátus, in eó erat ut pectusmónstrí gladió tránsfígeret. Cum tamen nihil temeré agendum exístimáret, cónstituit explóráre, antequam hóc faceret, quá ratióne ex spéluncáévádere possent. At cum saxum animadvertisset quó introitus obstrúctuserat, nihil sibi prófutúrum intelléxit sí Polyphémum interfécisset. Tantaenim erat éius saxí mágnitúdó ut né á decem quidem hominibus ámovéríposset. Quae cum ita essent, Ulixés hóc cónátú déstitit et ad sociósrediit; quí cum intelléxissent quó in locó rés essent, núllá spé salútisoblátá dé fortúnís suís déspéráre coepérunt. Ille tamen né animósdémitterent vehementer hortátus est; démónstrávit sé iam anteá é multíset mágnís perículís évásisse, neque dubium esse quín in tantó discríminedí auxilium látúrí essent. 

87. _A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE_

Ortá lúce Polyphémus iam é somnó excitátus idem quod hesternó dié fécit;correptís enim duóbus é reliquís virís carnem eórum sine morá dévorávit. Tum, cum saxum ámóvisset, ipse cum pecore suó ex spéluncá prógressus est;quod cum Graecí vidérent, mágnam in spem sé post paulum évásúrósvénérunt. Mox tamen ab hác spé repulsí sunt; nam Polyphémus, postquamomnés ovés exiérunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliquí omní spé salútisdépositá lámentís lacrimísque sé dédidérunt; Ulixés véró, quí, ut suprádémónstrávimus, vir mágní fuit cónsilí, etsí intellegébat rem indiscrímine esse, nóndum omnínó déspérábat. Tandem, postquam diú haec tótóanimó cógitávit, hóc cónsilium cépit. É lígnís quae in spéluncá repositaerant pálum mágnum délégit. Hunc summá cum díligentiá praeacútum fécit;tum, postquam sociís quid fierí vellet ostendit, reditum Polyphémíexspectábat. 

88. _A GLASS TOO MUCH_

Sub vesperum Polyphémus ad spéluncam rediit, et eódem modó quó anteácénávit. Tum Ulixés útrem víní prómpsit, quem forte (id quod eí eratsalútí) sécum attulerat; et postquam mágnum póculum vínó complévit, mónstrum ad bibendum próvocávit. Polyphémus, quí numquam anteá vínumgustáverat, tótum póculum statim exhausit; quod cum fécisset, tantamvoluptátem percépit ut iterum et tertium póculum replérí iusserit. Tum, cum quaesívisset quó nómine Ulixés appellárétur, ille respondit séNéminem appellarí; quod cum audívisset, Polyphémus ita locútus est:"Hanc, tibi grátiam pró tantó benefició referam; té postrémum omniumdévorábó. " Hóc cum díxisset, cibó vínóque gravis recubuit et brevítempore somnó oppressus est. Tum Ulixés sociís convocátís, "Habémus, "inquit, "quam petiimus facultátem; né igitur tantam occásiónem reígerendae omittámus. "

89. _THE BLINDING OF POLYPHEMUS_

Hác órátióne habitá, postquam extrémum pálum ígní calefécit, oculumPolyphémí dormientis ferventí lígnó perfódit; quó factó omnés in díversásspéluncae partís sé abdidérunt. At ille subitó illó dolóre oculí é somnóexcitátus clámórem terribilem sustulit, et dum per spéluncam errat, Ulixem manú prehendere cónábátur; cum tamen iam omnínó caecus esset, núlló modó hóc efficere potuit. Intereá reliquí Cyclópés clámóre audítóundique ad spéluncam convénérunt, et ad introitum adstantés quidPolyphémus ageret quaesívérunt, et quam ob causam tantum clámóremsustulisset. Ille respondit sé graviter vulnerátum esse et mágnó dolóreadficí. Cum tamen posteá quaesívissent quis eí vim intulisset, responditille Néminem id fécisse; quibus rébus audítís únus é Cyclópibus: "At sínémó, " inquit, "té vulnerávit, haud dubium est quín cónsilió deórum, quibus resistere nec possumus nec volumus, hóc supplició adficiáris. " Hóccum díxisset, abiérunt Cyclópés eum in ínsániam incidisse arbitrátí. 

90. _THE ESCAPE_

Polyphémus ubi sociós suós abiisse sénsit, furóre atque ámentiá impulsusUlixem iterum quaerere coepit; tandem cum portam invénisset, saxum quóobstrúcta erat ámóvit, ut pecus in agrós exíret. Tum ipse in introitúcónsédit, et ut quaeque ovis ad hunc locum vénerat, éius tergum manibustráctábat, né virí inter ovís exíre possent. Quod cum animadvertissetUlixés, intelléxit omnem spem salútis in doló magis quam in virtúte póní. Itaque hóc cónsilium iniit. Prímum trís quás vidit pinguissimás ex ovibusdélégit, quás cum inter sé viminibus coniúnxisset, únum ex sociís suísventribus eárum ita subiécit ut omnínó latéret; deinde ovís hominem sécumferentís ad portam égit. Id accidit quod fore suspicátus erat. Polyphémusenim postquam terga ovium manibus tráctávit, eás praeteríre passus est. Ulixés ubi rem tam félíciter événisse vídit, omnís sociós suós ex órdineeódem modó émísit; quó factó ipse novissimus évásit. 

91. _OUT OF DANGER_

Iís rébus ita cónfectís, Ulixés veritus né Polyphémus fraudem sentíret, cum sociís quam celerrimé ad lítus contendit; quó cum vénissent, ab iísquí náví praesidió relictí erant mágná cum laetitiá exceptí sunt. Hí enimcum ánxiís animís iam trís diés continuós reditum eórum exspectávissent, eós in aliquod perículum mágnum incidisse (id quidem quod erat)suspicátí, ipsí auxiliandí causá égredí parábant. Tum Ulixés nón satistútum arbitrátus in eó locó manére, quam celerrimé profisíscí cónstituit. Iussit igitur omnís návem cónscendere, et ancorís sublátís paulum álítore in altum próvectus est. Tum mágná vóce exclámávit: "Tú, Polyphéme, quí iúra hospití spernis, iústam et débitam poenam immánitátis tuaesolvistí. " Hác vóce audítá Polyphémus írá vehementer commótus ad mare sécontulit, et ubi návem paulum á lítore remótam esse intelléxit, saxumingéns manú correptum in eam partem coniécit unde vócem veníre sénsit. Graecí autem, etsí nón multum áfuit quín submergerentur, núlló damnóacceptó cursum tenuérunt. 

92. _THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS_

Pauca mília passuum ab eó locó prógressus Ulixés ad ínsulam Aeoliam návemappulit. Haec patria erat ventórum, "Híc vástó réx Aeolus antró luctantís ventós tempestátésque sonórás imperió premit ac vinclís et carcere frénat. "

Ibi réx ipse Graecós hospitió excépit, atque iís persuásit ut adrecuperandás vírís paucós diés in eá regióne commorárentur. Septimó diécum socií é labóribus sé recépissent, Ulixés, né anní tempore ánávigátióne exclúderétur, sibi sine morá proficíscendum statuit. TumAeolus, quí sciébat Ulixem cupidissimum esse patriae videndae, eí iamprofectúró mágnum saccum é corió cónfectum dedit, in quó ventós omníspraeter únum inclúserat. Zephyrum tantum solverat, quod ille ventus abínsulá Aeoliá ad Ithacam návigantí est secundus. Ulixés hóc dónumlibenter accépit, et grátiís pró tantó benefició áctís saccum ad málumadligávit. Tum omnibus rébus ad profectiónem parátís merídiánó ferétempore é portú solvit. 

93. _THE WIND-BAG_

Novem diés secundissimó ventó cursum tenuérunt, iamque in cónspectumpatriae suae vénerant, cum Ulixés lassitúdine cónfectus (ipse enimgubernábat) ad quiétem capiendam recubuit. At socií, quí iam dúdummírábantur quid in illó saccó inclúsum esset, cum ducem somnó oppressumvidérent, tantam occásiónem nón omittendam arbitrátí sunt; crédébant enimaurum et argentum ibi esse céláta. Itaque spé lucrí adductí saccum sinemorá solvérunt, quó factó ventí

 "velut ágmine factó quá data porta ruunt, et terrás turbine perflant. "

Híc tanta tempestás subitó coorta est ut illí cursum tenére nón possentsed in eandem partem unde erant profectí referrentur. Ulixés é somnóexcitátus quó in locó rés esset statim intelléxit; saccum solútum, Ithacam post tergum relictam vídit. Tum véró írá vehementer exársitsociósque obiúrgábat quod cupiditáte pecúniae adductí spem patriaevidendae próiécissent. 

94. _A DRAWING OF LOTS_

Breví spatió intermissó Graecí ínsulae cuidam appropinquávérunt in quáCircé, fília Sólis, habitábat. Quó cum návem appulisset, Ulixés in terramfrúmentandí causá égrediendum esse statuit; nam cógnóverat frúmentum quodin náví habérent iam déficere. Sociís igitur ad sé convocátís quó in locórés esset et quid fierí vellet ostendit. Cum tamen omnés memoriá tenérentquam crúdélí morte necátí essent ií quí núper é náví égressí essent, némórepertus est quí hóc negótium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, résad contróversiam déducta est. Tandem Ulixés cónsénsú omnium sociós induás partís dívísit, quárum alterí Eurylochus, vir summae virtútis, alterí ipse praeesse. Tum hí inter sé sortítí sunt uter in terramégrederétur. Hóc factó, Eurylochó sorte événit ut cum duóbus et vígintísociís rem susciperet. 

95. _THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS_

Hís rébus ita cónstitútis ií quí sortítí erant in interiórem partemínsulae profectí sunt. Tantus tamen timor animós eórum occupáverat utnihil dubitárent quín mortí obviam írent. Vix quidem poterant ií quí innáví relictí erant lacrimás tenére; crédébant enim sé sociós suós numquampost hóc tempus vísúrós. Illí autem aliquantum itineris prógressí advíllam quandam pervénérunt summá mágnificentiá aedificátam, cúius adóstium cum adiissent, cantum dulcissimum audívérunt. Tanta autem fuitéius vócis dulcédó ut núlló modó retinérí possent quín iánuam pulsárent. Hóc factó ipsa Circé forás exiit, et summá cum benígnitáte omnís inhospitium invítávit. Eurylochus ínsidiás sibi comparárí suspicátus forísexspectáre cónstituit, sed reliquí reí novitáte adductí intrávérunt. Cénam mágnificam omnibus rébus ínstrúctam invénérunt et iússú dominaelibentissimé accubuérunt. At Circé vínum quod serví apposuéruntmedicámentó quódam miscuerat; quod cum Graecí bibissent, graví somnósubitó oppressí sunt. 

96. _THE CHARM_

Tum Circé, quae artis magicae summam scientiam habébat, baculó aureó quodgerébat capita eórum tetigit; quó factó omnés in porcós subitó conversísunt. Intereá Eurylochus ígnárus quid in aedibus agerétur ad óstiumsedébat; postquam tamen ad sólis occásum ánxió animó et sollicitóexspectávit, sólus ad návem regredí cónstituit. Eó cum vénisset, sollicitúdine ac timóre tam perturbátus fuit ut quae vídisset vixdílúcidé nárráre posset. Ulixés autem satis intelléxit sociós suós inperículó versárí, et gladió correptó Eurylochó imperávit ut sine moráviam ad istam domum démónstráret. Ille tamen multís cum lacrimís Ulixemcomplexus obsecráre coepit né in tantum perículum sé committeret; sí quidgravius eí accidisset, omnium salútem in summó discrímine futúram. Ulixésautem respondit sé néminem invítum sécum adductúrum; eí licére, símállet, in náví manére; sé ipsum sine úlló praesidió rem susceptúrum. Hóccum mágná vóce díxisset, é náví désiluit et núlló sequente sólus in viamsé dedit. 

97. _THE COUNTERCHARM_

Aliquantum itineris prógressus ad víllam mágnificam pervénit, quam cumoculís perlústrásset, statim intráre statuit; intelléxit enim hanc esseeandem domum dé quá Eurylochus mentiónem fécisset. At cum in eó esset utlímen intráret, subitó eí obviam stetit aduléscéns fórmá pulcherrimáaureum baculum geréns. Híc Ulixem iam domum intrantem manú corripuit et, "Quó ruis?" inquit. "Nónne scís hanc esse Circés domum? Híc inclúsí suntamící tuí ex húmáná specié in porcós conversí. Num vís ipse in eandemcalamitátem veníre?" Ulixés simul ac vócem audívit, deum Mercuriumágnóvit; núllís tamen precibus ab ínstitútó cónsilió déterrérí potuit. Quod cum Mercurius sénsisset, herbam quandam eí dedit, quam contrácarmina multum valére dícébat. "Hanc cape, " inquit, "et ubi Circé tébaculó tetigerit, tú strictó gladió impetum in eam vidé ut faciás. "Mercurius postquam fínem loquendí fécit, "mortálís vísús medió sermóne relíquit, et procul in tenuem ex oculís évánuit auram. "

98. _THE ENCHANTRESS IS FOILED_

Breví intermissó spatió Ulixés ad omnia perícula subeunda parátus iánuampulsávit, et foribus patefactís ab ipsá Circé benígné exceptus est. Omniaeódem modó atque anteá facta sunt. Cénam mágnificé ínstrúctam vídit etaccumbere iússus est. Mox, ubi famés cibó dépulsa est, Circé póculumaureum vínó replétum Ulixí dedit. Ille etsí suspicátus est venénum sibiparátum esse, póculum exhausit; quó factó Circé postquam caput éiusbaculó tetigit, ea verba locúta est quibus sociós éius anteá in porcósconverterat. Rés tamen omnínó aliter événit atque illa spéráverat. Tantaenim vís erat éius herbae quam Ulixí Mercurius dederat ut neque venénumneque verba quicquam efficere possent. Ulixés autem, ut eí praeceptumerat, gladió strictó impetum in eam fécit et mortem minitábátur. Circécum artem suam nihil valére sénsisset, multís cum lacrimís eum obsecrárecoepit né sibi vítam adimeret. 

99. _MEN ONCE MORE_

Ulixés autem ubi sénsit eam timóre perterritam esse, postulávit ut socióssuós sine morá in húmánam speciem redúceret (certior enim factus erat ádeó Mercurió eós in porcós conversós esse); nisi id factum esset, sédébitás poenás súmptúrum ostendit. Circé hís rébus graviter commóta eí adpedés sé próiécit, et multís cum lacrimís iúre iúrandó cónfírmávit séquae ille imperásset omnia factúram. Tum porcós in átrium immittí iussit. Illí dató sígnó inruérunt, et cum ducem suum ágnóvissent, mágnó dolóreadfectí sunt quod núlló modó eum dé rébus suís certiórem facere poterant. Circé tamen unguentó quódam corpora eórum únxit; quó factó sunt omnésstatim in húmánam speciem reductí. Mágnó cum gaudió Ulixés suós amícóságnóvit, et núntium ad lítus mísit, quí reliquís Graecís sociós receptósesse díceret. Illí autem hís rébus cógnitís statim ad domum Circaeam sécontulérunt; quó cum vénissent, úniversí laetitiae sé dédidérunt. 

[Illustration: ULYSSES AND CIRCE]

100. _AFLOAT AGAIN_

Postrídié éius diéí Ulixés ex hác ínsulá quam celerrimé discédere inanimó habébat. Circé tamen cum haec cógnóvisset, ex odió ad amóremconversa omnibus precibus eum óráre et obtestárí coepit ut paucós diésapud sé morárétur; quá ré tandem impetrátá tanta beneficia in eumcontulit ut facile eí persuásum sit ut diútius manéret. Postquam tamentótum annum apud Circén cónsúmpserat, Ulixés mágnó désíderió patriaesuae mótus est. Sociís igitur ad sé convocátís quid in animó habéretostendit. Ubi tamen ad lítus déscendit, návem suam tempestátibus tamadflíctam invénit ut ad návigandum paene inútilis esset. Hác ré cógnitáomnia quae ad návís reficiendás úsuí essent comparárí iussit, quá in rétantam díligentiam omnés adhibébant ut ante tertium diem opusperfécerint. At Circé ubi omnia ad profectiónem paráta esse vídit, remaegré ferébat et Ulixem vehementer obsecrábat ut eó cónsilió désisteret. Ille tamen, né anní tempore a návigátióne exclúderétur, mátúrandum sibiexístimávit, et tempestátem idóneam nactus návem solvit. Multa quidemperícula Ulixí subeunda erant antequam in patriam suam perveníret, quaetamen hóc locó longum est perscríbere. 

NOTES

PERSEUS

_The numbers refer to the page of text and the line on the pagerespectively_. 

3. 6. Danaé. Many proper names in this book are words borrowed by Latinfrom Greek, and have forms not given in the regular Latin declensions. Itwill not be necessary to learn the declension of such words. 

7. Enim. This word commonly stands second in its clause. 

8. Turbábat. Notice that this verb and dormiébat below are in theimperfect tense to denote a state of things existing at the past timeindicated by territa est. 

autem. This word has the same peculiarity of position as enim; so alsoigitur, which occurs in line 11. 

12. Seríphum. Notice that Latin says 'the island Seriphos, ' but Englishmore often 'the island of Seriphos. '

13. Appulsa est. Postquam is regularly followed by the perfect or presentindicative, but the English translation usually requires the pluperfect. 

15. Quódam. _Quídam_ means 'certain' as applied to some person or thingnot fully described, while _certus_ means 'certain' in the sense of'determined. ' 'sure, '

ad domum. This means 'to the house'; 'to be brought home' would be _domumaddúcí_, without the preposition. 

16. Ille is often used, as here, when the subject is changed to a personmentioned in the preceding sentence. In this use it is to be translated'he. '

18. Benefició. See the derivation of this word in the vocabulary. 

20. Multós annós. Duration of time is regularly expressed in theaccusative case. 

22. Eam. Latin has no pronoun of the third person, and _is_ often takesthe place of one; it is then to be translated 'he, ' 'she, ' 'it, ' 'they, 'according to its form. 

25. Haec. The literal translation would be 'these things, ' but we mustsay 'thus' or 'as follows. '

4. 1. Es. With iam dúdum and similar expressions of duration, the presentindicative is often used to denote an action or state begun in the pastbut continuing in the present. The English equivalent is the perfect. 

híc, is not the pronoun, but an adverb. 

2. Mihi. This dative may be translated 'for me. ' How would 'to me' with averb of motion be put?

3. Refer. _Dícó, dúcó, fació_, and _feró_ have the imperative forms _díc, dúc, fac_, and _fer_, instead of _díce_, etc. 

4. Perseus. When the subordinate and the principal clause of a Latinsentence have the same subject, this usually stands first, followed bythe subordinate clause. 

haec. Here a different rendering is required from that suggested in thenote on 3, 25. What is it? Notice that it is necessary to know theliteral significance of the Latin words, but that the translation mustoften be something quite different if it is to be acceptable English. Therule for translation is: Discover the exact meaning of the original; thenexpress the same idea correctly and, if you can, elegantly in thelanguage into which you are translating. 

5. Continentem. What is the derivation of this word?

vénit. Is this present or perfect? How do you know?

8. Graeás. The Graeae were three old women who had one eye and onetooth in common, and took turns in using them. 

9. Galeam. This belonged to Pluto, the god of the underworld of the dead, and whosoever wore it was invisible. The story is that Perseus compelledthe Graeae to tell him how to obtain the helps to his enterprise byseizing their tooth and eye. 

11. Pedibus, 'on his feet, ' dative of indirect object. 

induit. See the note on 3, 13. 

áera. _Áér_ is borrowed from Greek, and keeps this Greek form for itsaccusative. 

12. Volábat. Distinguish between _voló, voláre_, and _voló, velle_. 

13. Céterís. _Céterí_ is used to denote all not already named ('theother'), while _alií_ denotes some of those who have not been alreadynamed ('other'). 

14. Specié horribilí, 'of terrible appearance. ' ablative of description. A noun never stands alone in this construction, eárum. See the note on 3, 22. 

15. Contécta. This and factae below are used as predicate adjectives, notto form the pluperfect passive with erant. Translate, therefore, 'werecovered. ' not 'had been covered. '

18. Vertébantur. The imperfect here denotes customary action, one of itsregular uses. 

19. Ille. See the note on 3, 16. 

20. Hóc modó, ablative of manner. 

21. Vénit, dormiébat. The perfect simply expresses an action which tookplace in past time, the imperfect tells of a state of things existing atthat past time. 

25. Fugit. When dum means 'while, ' 'as, ' it is followed by the presentindicative, even when used of past events. 

26. Fécit. Like _postquam_, ubi has the present or perfect indicative, where English would use the pluperfect. 

5. 2. Illó tempore, ablative of time. 

régnábat. Observe the force of the tense, and try to find the reason foreach change of tense in this paragraph. 

Híc. This must here be translated simply 'he. ' Compare the use of Ille, 3, 16. 

4. Veniébat. See the note on 4, 18. 

6. Omnium, 'of all men. ' or 'of all. ' The adjective is used as a noun, asin the second of the English expressions. 

óráculum. It was believed in antiquity that the will of the gods and aknowledge of future events might be learned at certain shrines, of whichthe most famous were those of Apollo at Delphi, of Zeus or Jupiter atDodona, and of Hammon in Egypt. Hammon was really an Egyptian god, represented as having the horns of a ram, but he was identified by theGreeks with Zeus and by the Romans with Jupiter. 

7. Fíliam. Where there is no ambiguity, the possessive is often omittedin Latin. 

8. Autem, often, as here, simply introduces an explanation ('now'), nómine, 'by name. '

9. Cépheus. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4. 

10. Cívís suós, 'his subjects. '

13. Certam. See the note on _quódam_, 3, 15. _Diés_ is regularlymasculine, but when used of an appointed day it is often feminine. 

omnia, 'all things, ' 'everything, ' or 'all. ' See the note on _omnium_, line 6. 

16. Déplórábant, tenébant. Be careful to show the meaning of the tense byyour translation. 

18. Quaerit. The present is often used of a past action instead of theperfect, to bring the action more vividly before us as if it were takingplace now. This is called the historical present. 

19. Haec geruntur, 'this is going on. '

20. Horribilí. Here the adjective is made emphatic by being put beforeits noun; in 4, 14 the same effect is gained by putting _horribilí_ lastin its clause. 

22. Omnibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb_(in+iació)_. Translate 'inspired in all, ' but the literal meaning is'threw into all. '

26. Induit. See the note on 3, 13. 

áera. See the note on 4, 11. 

6. 2. Suó, éius. Distinguish carefully between these words. _Suus_ isused of something belonging to the subject, _éius_ of something belongingto some other person or thing just mentioned. 

5. Volat. See the note on 4, 25. 

7. Sustulit. Notice that the perfect forms of _tolló_ are the same asthose of _sufferó (sub + feró)_, 'endure. '

8. Neque, here to be translated 'and . .. Not. ' _Neque_ is thus usedregularly for _et nón_. 

13. Exanimáta, used here as a predicate adjective. 

16. Rettulit. 'To give thanks' or 'thank' is usually _grátiás agere_, asin 3, 19; _grátiam referre_ means 'to show one's gratitude, ' 'torecompense' or 'requite. '

18. Dúxit. This word came to mean 'marry, ' because the bridegroom 'led'his bride in a wedding procession to his own home. It will be seen, therefore, that it can be used only of the man. 

Paucós annós. See the note on 3, 20. 

20. Omnís. What does the quantity of the _i_ tell you about the form?

7. 1. Quod, not the relative pronoun, but a conjunction. 

3. Eó, the adverb. 

in átrium. Although inrúpit means 'burst _into_, ' the preposition isnevertheless required with the noun to express the place into which heburst. 

6. Ille. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4. 

8. Acrisí. In Nepos, Caesar, Cicero, and Vergil, the genitive singular ofsecond-declension nouns in _-ius_ and _-ium_ ends in _í_, not _ií_; butthe nominative plural ends in _ií_, and the dative and ablative plural in_iís_. 

10. Istud. Remember that _iste_ is commonly used of something connectedwith the person addressed. Here the meaning may be 'that oracle I toldyou of. ' See 3, 4. 

12. Lárísam. See the note on 3, 12. 

neque enim, 'for . .. Not, ' as if simply _nón enim_, but Latin uses _neque_to connect the clauses. 

14. In omnís partís, 'in all directions' or 'in every direction. '

15. Multí. See the note on _omnium_, 5, 6. 

17. Discórum. The discus was a round, flat piece of stone or metal, andthe athletes tried to see who could throw it farthest. 

18. Cású. This is one of the ablatives of manner that do not take _cum_. 

19. Stábat. Notice the tense. 

HERCULES

9. 2. Omnium hominum. This means 'all men' in the sense of 'all mankind. '

3. óderat. _Ódí_ is perfect in form, but present in meaning; and thepluperfect has in like manner the force of an imperfect. 5. Mediá nocte, 'in the middle of the night, ' 'in the dead of night. '

7. Nec tamen, 'not . .. However. ' See the note on _neque enim, _ 7, 12. 

8. Movébant. Contrast this tense with appropinquáverant and excitátísunt. 

13. Tálí modó = _hóc modó_, 4, 20. 

20. á pueró, 'from a boy, ' 'from boyhood. '

exercébat, the imperfect of customary action, as is also cónsúmébat. 

24. Autem. See the note on 5, 8. 

25. Artí, dative of indirect object with the intransitive verb studébat. 

10. 2. Omnibus víribus, 'with all his might, ' ablative of manner. 

3. é vítá. Notice that the preposition denoting separation appears bothwith the noun and in the verb. Compare _in átrium inrúpit_, 7, 3. 

4. Neque quisquam, 'and not any one, ' _i. E_. 'and no one. ' _Quisquam_ isused chiefly in negative sentences. 

5. Voluit, 'was willing. '

7. Facit. See the note on 4, 25. 

8. Nómine. See the note on 5, 8. 

9. Vir crúdélissimus, not 'cruelest man, ' but 'most cruel man. ' Thesuperlative is often thus used to denote simply a high degree of thequality. 

cónsuéverat. Inceptive verbs end in _scó_ and denote the beginning of anaction or state. The perfect and pluperfect of such verbs often representthe state of things resulting from the completion of the action, and arethen to be translated as present and imperfect respectively. So_cónsuéscó_ = 'I am becoming accustomed, ' _cónsuéví_ = 'I have becomeaccustomed' or 'am accustomed, ' _cónsuéveram_ = 'I had become accustomed'or 'was accustomed. '

11. Sacrifició, 'for the sacrifice, ' dative of purpose. 

ea. Why is diés feminine here? See the note on _certam_, 5, 13. 

12. Omnia. See the note on 5, 13. 

15. Capitibus, dative of indirect object after the compound verb _(in +pónó)_. 

16. Iam. The omission of the conjunction that would naturally join thisclause with the preceding, and the repetition of _iam_, which thus in away connects the two clauses, reflect the imminence of the danger andheighten our anxiety for the hero. Observe too how the tenses of theverbs contribute to the vividness of the picture. We see Hercules at thealtar and the priest, knife in hand, about to give the fatal blow. 

18. Alteró. Supply _íctú_. 

19. Thébís, locative case. Notice that some names of towns are plural inform. 

21. Thébánís, dative with the adjective fínitimí. 

autem, 'now. '

22. Thébás. Names of towns are used without a preposition to express theplace to which. 

23. Veniébant, postulábant, imperfect of customary action. 

25. Cívís suós, 'his fellow-citizens. ' Compare 5, 10. 

hóc stípendió, ablative of separation. 

27. Atque. This conjunction adds an important statement by way ofsupplement. Here the meaning is something like 'and not only that, but. '

11. 11. Conversa. _Est_ and _sunt_ are frequently not expressed with theperfect participle. 

17. Suós ipse suá. Notice how the enormity of the crime is emphasized bythe use of all these words repeating the same idea. 

23. óráculum Delphicum. See the note on 5, 6. 

hóc óráculum omnium = _hóc omnium óráculórum_. 

25. Hóc in templó. Monosyllabic prepositions often stand between thenoun and an adjective modifying it. 

12. 1. Quí. Remember that the relative pronoun agrees in gender, number, and person with its antecedent; that its case depends upon its use. Howare the person and number of quí shown?

2. Hominibus. See the note on 9, 2. 

4. Neque. See the note on 6, 8. 

7. Tíryntha. This is a Greek accusative form. See the note on _áera_, 4, 11. 

10. Duodecim annós, accusative of duration of time. 

11. Eurystheó. The English verb 'serve' is transitive, but _servió_ ('besubject to') is intransitive and takes an indirect object. 

14. Quae. See the note on line 1. What is the case of quae?

16. Prímum is chiefly used in enumeration, prímó (line 6) in contrastingan action or state with one that follows it. 

19. Sécum. The preposition _cum_ follows and is joined to the reflexiveand personal pronouns, usually also to the relative pronoun. 

22. Neque enim. See the note on 7, 12. 

26. Respírandí, the genitive of the gerund. It modifies facultás. Thegerund corresponds to the English verbal noun in _-ing_. 

13. 5. Hóc. We might expect _haec_ referring to Hydram, but ademonstrative pronoun is commonly attracted into the gender of thepredicate noun (here mónstrum). 

cui erant, 'which had, ' literally 'to which there were. ' Thisconstruction is found only with _sum_. It is called the dative ofpossession. 

8. Rés. In rendering this word choose always with great freedom the mostsuitable English word. 

13. 8. Mágní perículí. We say 'one of great danger. '

9. éius. What possessive would be used to modify sinistrá?

11. Hóc cónátú, ablative of separation. 

14. Comprehendérunt. See the note on 3, 13. 

unde = _ex quibus_. 

16. Auxilió Hydrae, 'to the aid of the Hydra, ' but literally for aid(i. E. As aid) to the Hydra, ' for Hydrae is dative. This is called thedouble dative construction, auxilió the dative of purpose, and Hydrae thedative of reference, i. E. The dative denoting the person interested. 

17. Abscídit. See the note on 4, 25. 

mordébat, 'kept biting, ' the imperfect of repeated action. 

18. Tálí modó. See the note on 9, 13. 

interfécit. We have now had several verbs meaning 'kill. ' _Interfició_ isthe most general of these; _necó_ (line 4) is used of killing by unusualor cruel means, as by poison; _occídó_ (12, 23) is most commonly used ofthe 'cutting down' of an enemy in battle. 

19. Reddidit, as well as imbuit, has sagittás for its object, but we musttranslate as if we had _eás_ with reddidit. 

22. Ad sé. Compare this construction with the use of the dative in 4, 2. Notice that sé does not refer to Herculem, the subject of referre, but toEurystheus, the subject of Iussit. When the reflexive thus refers to thesubject of the principal verb rather than to the subject of thesubordinate verb with which it s directly connected, it is calledindirect. 

23. Tantae audáciae. The genitive of description, like the ablative ofdescription, consists always of a noun with some modifying word. Compare_specié horribilí_, 4, 14. 

autem. Compare 5, 8 and 10, 21. 

24. Incrédibilí celeritáte, ablative of description. 

25. Vestígiís, ablative of means. 

26. Ipsum, contrasts cervum with vestígiís. 

27. Omnibus víribus. See the note on 10, 2. 

14. 1. Currébat, 'he kept running. '

sibi, dative of reference. It need not be translated, ad quiétem, 'for rest. ' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by _ad_. 

3. Cucurrerat. The pluperfect is sometimes used with postquam when thelapse of time is denoted. 

4. Cursú, ablative of cause. 

exanimátum = _quí exanimátus erat_. The participle is often equivalent toa relative clause. 

5. Rettulit. See the note on 13, 19. 

8. Rem. See the note on _rés_, 13, 8. 

10. Apró, dative of indirect object after the compound verb (_ob +curró_). 

11. Tímóre perterritus. It is not necessary to translate both words. 

13. Iniécit, i. E. Upon the boar. 

summá cum difficultáte. Compare this with _omnibus víribus_, 13, 27, andnotice that _cum_ may be omitted with the ablative of manner when thereis an adjective. For the position of cum, see the note on 11, 25. 

15. Ad Eurystheum. We are told elsewhere that Eurystheus was sofrightened when he saw the boar that he hid in a cask. 

vívus. Why have we the nominative here, but the accusative (vívum) inline 5?

17. Quartó. The capture of the Erymanthian boar is usually given as thethird labor and the capture of the Cerynean stag as the fourth. 

nárrávimus. The writer sometimes uses the first person plural in speakingof himself, instead of the first person singular. This is called theplural of modesty, and is the same as the English usage. 

18. In Arcadiam. How does this differ in meaning from _in Arcadiá_?

20. Appeteret. The subjunctive introduced by cum, 'since, ' may expressthe reason for the action of the main verb. 

23. Herculés. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4. 

26. Quod, conjunction, not pronoun. 

reliquós centaurós, 'the rest of the centaurs, ' 'the other centaurs. 'Compare _mediá nocte_, 9, 5. Notice that _reliquí_ means about the sameas _céterí_, and see the note on 4, 13. 

28. Inquit, historical present. This verb is used parenthetically withdirect quotations. 

15. 1. Dabó. Notice that Latin is more exact than English in the use ofthe future tense in subordinate clauses. In English we often use thepresent in the subordinate clause and leave it to the principal verb toshow that the time is future. 

7. Pervénérunt. See the note on 4, 26. 

10. Cónstitit, from _cónsistó_, not _cónstó_. 

16. Fugá. Latin says 'by flight, ' not 'in flight. '

17. Ex spéluncá. See the note on 10, 3. 

21. Locum, the direct object of Adiit, which is here transitive. We mightalso have _ad locum_ with _adeó_ used intransitively. 

16. 4. Herculí. See the note on 10, 15. 

labórem. This labor is usually given as the sixth, the destruction of theStymphalian birds as the fifth. 

6. Tria mília boum, 'three thousand cattle, ' literally 'three thousandsof cattle. ' The partitive genitive is the regular construction with theplural _mília_, but the singular _mílle_ is commonly used as anadjective, like English 'thousand. ' Thus 'one thousand cattle' would be_mílle bovés_. 

7. Ingentís mágnitúdinis. See the note on _tantae audáciae_, 13, 23. 

8. Neque enim umquam, 'for . .. Never. ' See the note on _neque enim_, 7, 12. 

11. Multae operae. See the note on _mágní perículí_, 13, 8. 

12. Duodévígintí pedum, i. E. In width. 

dúxit. This word is used with reference to the progress of work on a wallor ditch from one end of it to the other. 

15. Opus. Compare this word with operae and labóre, line 12. _Labor_ isused of heavy or exhausting labor, _opera_ of voluntary exertion oreffort, _opus_ of that upon which one labors or of the completed work. 

17. Imperáverat. This verb takes an indirect object to express the personordered (eí). The action commanded is expressed by the subjunctive in aclause introduced by _ut_ and used as the object of _imperó_ (utnecáret). Notice that this may be translated 'that he should kill' or 'tokill. ' Compare now the construction with _iubeó_, 13, 22, with which thecommand is expressed by the accusative and infinitive (_Herculemreferre_). 

19. Carne. _Véscor_ is an intransitive verb and governs the ablative. 

22. Appropinquandí. See the note on 12, 26. 

23. Cónstitit, from _cónstó_. Compare 15, 10. 

pedibus, 'on foot, ' literally 'by his feet. '

25. Consúmpsisset. The imperfect and pluperfect tenses of the subjunctiveare used with cum, 'when, ' to describe the circumstances of the action ofthe main verb. Compare 14, 20, and the note. 

26. Hóc cónátú. See the note on 13, 11. 

27. Peteret. The subjunctive is used with ut to express purpose. The besttranslation is usually the infinitive ('to ask'), but the Latininfinitive is not used in model prose to express purpose. 

17. 3. ávolárent. This is not subjunctive of purpose, but of result, asis indicated by tam. 

6. Ex. Compare this with _ab_, 16, 21, and _dé_, 16, 13. We commonlytranslate all of these 'from, ' but the real meanings are 'out of, ' 'awayfrom, ' and 'down from' respectively. 

Crétá. See the note on 3, 12. 

7. Esset. See the note on 14, 20. 

8. ínsulae, dative with the compound verb (_ad_ + _propinquó_). 

appropinquáret. See the note on 16, 25. 

9. Tanta . .. Ut. Notice how frequently the clause of result is connectedwith a demonstrative word in the main clause. 

12. Návigandí imperítus, 'ignorant of navigation, ' 'inexperienced insailing. ' See the note on 12, 26. 

21. Cum, the conjunction. 

ingentí labóre. See the note on _summá cum difficultáte_, 14, 13. 

25. Ut redúceret. See the note on 16, 27. 

26. Carne. See the note on 16, 19. 

véscébantur, imperfect of customary action. 

18. 3. Ut tráderentur. Notice that _postuló_, like _imperó_, takes anobject-clause introduced by _ut_ and having its verb in the subjunctive. 

sibi, the indirect reflexive. See the note on 13, 22. 

4. írá . .. Interfécit, 'became furiously angry and killed the king, 'literally 'moved by wrath killed the king. ' The participle is frequentlybest rendered by a finite verb. 

18. 4. Cadáver. The subject of an infinitive stands in the accusativecase. We might translate here 'and gave orders that his body should bethrown. ' See the note on 16, 17. 

6. Míra rérum commútátió. When a noun has both an adjective and agenitive modifier, this order of the words is common. 

7. Cum cruciátú, ablative of manner. 

necáverat. See the note on _interfécit_, 13, 18. 

10. Referébant. See the note on 6, 16. 

modo. This is the adverb, not a case of _modus_, the dative and ablativesingular of which would be _modó_. Make a practice of carefully observingthe quantity of vowels. 

11. órábant. Notice that this verb, like _imperó_ and _postuló_, takes_ut_ and the subjunctive. 

14. Ad návigandum. See the note on _ad quiétem_, 14, 1. 

16. Post, here an adverb of time. 

18. Dícitur. Notice that the Latin construction is personal ('the nationis said to have consisted'), while English commonly has the impersonalconstruction ('it is said that the nation consisted'). 

19. Reí mílitáris, 'the art of war. '

25. Mandávit. See the note on 16, 17. 

26. Amázonibus, dative after the compound verb. 

19. 1. Persuásit. Notice that this verb governs the same constructionthat we have already found used with _imperó_ and _mandó_. 

2. Sécum. See the note on 12, 19. 

5. Appulit. Supply _návem_. 

6. Docéret. A clause of purpose is frequently introduced by a relative. Translate like the _ut_-clause of purpose, here 'to make known, 'literally 'who was to make known. '

14. Mágnó interválló, ablative of degree of difference. 

16. Nón mágna. The effect of the position of these words may bereproduced by translating 'but not a large one. '

neutrí. The plural is used because the reference is to two parties, eachcomposed of several individuals. 'Neither' of two individuals would be_neuter_. 

17. Volébant, dedit. Consider the tenses. Each army waited for some timefor the other to cross; finally Hercules gave the signal. 

22. Occíderint. The perfect subjunctive is sometimes used in resultclauses after a past tense in the principal clause. This is contrary tothe general principle of the sequence of tenses, which requires theimperfect or pluperfect subjunctive after a past tense, the present orperfect subjunctive after a present or future tense. 

23. Virí. Compare this with _hominibus_, 12, 2. 

24. Praestábant. Compare the tense with praestitérunt, line 21. 

27. Neu. As _neque_ or _nec_ is used for 'and not, ' so _néve_ or _neu_for 'and that not' in an object-clause or a clause of purpose. 

20. 1. Quibus, 'and by these, ' The relative is much used in Latin toconnect a new sentence with the one preceding. When so used, it isgenerally best rendered by 'and' or 'but' and a demonstrative or personalpronoun. 

ita . .. Ut. See the note on 17, 9. 

2. Essent, most easily explained as the subjunctive of attraction. Bythis is meant that the verb is attracted into the mood of the clause uponwhich it depends. 

4. Púgnátum est, 'the battle raged' or 'they fought, ' literally 'it wasfought, ' Intransitive verbs are often thus used impersonally in thepassive, with the subject implied in the verb itself, as púgnátumest = _púgna púgnáta est_. 

11. Aestátis, partitive genitive. Notice that multum is used as a noun. 

13. Nactus. The perfect active participle is wanting in Latin, but theperfect participle of deponent verbs is active in meaning. 

24. Specié horribilí. See the note on 4, 14. 

26. Timóre perterrití. See the note on 14, 11. 

continébantur, 'kept themselves shut up. ' This is the so-called reflexiveuse of the passive, in which the subject is represented as acting uponitself. 

pecora. This word is used of herds of cattle, pecudés (line 25) of singleanimals, especially sheep. 

28. Commótus cónsuluit. See the note on 18, 4. 

21. 3. Líberáret. See the note on 16, 27. 

óráculó. Notice that párére is intransitive and has the dative ofindirect object, while 'obey' is transitive. It may help to understandthe Latin construction if you translate such verbs as _páreó_ byintransitives, here 'to submit to. '

4. Sacrifició. See the note on 10, 11. 

5. Ipsó temporis punctó quó, 'at the very moment when. '

8. égressus. See the note on 20, 13. 

dé rébus . .. Factus est, 'was informed of the state of things, ' literally'was made more certain about the things which were being done. ' In whatgender, number, person, and case is quae? Give a reason for each. 

11. Posset. The subjunctive is used because the words of the king arequoted indirectly. He said _sí potes_, 'if you can. '

19. Ipse. Notice the use of this word in contrasts, frequently, as here, of a person with that which belongs to him or with his subordinates. 

20. Inter sé, 'to one another. '

22. Esset, subjunctive in an indirect question. The direct form would be_Quantum perículum est_? ('How great is the danger?'). Multás terrás, just as we say 'many lands, '

23. Európae. Compare _Thébánís_, 10, 21. 

24. In utróque lítore, 'on each shore, ' 'on both shores. '

25. Columnás. The ancients believed that the Rock of Gibraltar was thepillar set up by Hercules on the European side. 

22. 4. Tantum, an adverb. 

5. Dederit. See the note on 19, 22. 

9. Quó in locó. See the note on 11, 25. Essent. See the note on 21, 22. 

10. Sibi, the indirect reflexive. 

12. Et . .. Et, 'both . .. And. '

18. Prógredí, 'from proceeding. '

19. Prohibébant, 'attempted to prevent, ' imperfect of attempted action. Notice that the use of the imperfect to express customary, repeated, orattempted action follows naturally from its use to denote action going onin past time. The present, the tense which denotes action going on inpresent time, has the same special uses. 

20. Barbarí. This word was used by the Greeks of all other peoples; bythe Romans it was used of all but the Greeks and themselves. 

24. Cecidérunt. Let the quantity of the _i_ tell you whether this comesfrom _cadó_ or _caedó_. Is occíderint a compound of _cadó_ or _caedó_?

25. In tálibus rébus, _i. E_. When a god intervenes in behalf of hisfavorite. 

26. Nihil incommodí, 'no harm, ' literally 'nothing of harm'; incommodí ispartitive genitive. 

23. 2. Quam celerrimé, 'as rapidly as possible. ' _Quam_ with thesuperlative expresses the highest possible degree. 

3. Necesse, predicate adjective with erat, the subject being hástránsíre. 

5. Citerióre. The Romans called upper Italy _Gallia Citerior_, 'HitherGaul, ' because it was occupied by Gallic tribes. 

6. Perenní. Learn the derivation of this word. The meaning of a word mayoften be seen most easily and remembered most surely by noticing itsderivation, téctí, used as predicate adjective. 

9. Cópiam. Notice carefully the meaning of this word. In what sense havewe found the plural _cópiae_ used?

10. Rébus, 'preparations. ' See the note on _rés_, 13, 8. 

cónsúmpserat. See the note on 14, 3. 

11. Omnium opíniónem. Hitherto we have had _opíniónem omnium_, but here_omnium_ is made emphatic by being placed first. 

15. Itinere, ablative of cause. 

fessus, 'since he was weary. ' Notice that a Latin adjective or participlemust often be expanded into a clause in the translation. 

16. Haud = _nón_. It modifies a single word, usually an adjective oradverb. 

19. Modo. See the note on 18, 10. 

ingentí mágnitúdine. Compare _ingentis mágnitúdinis_, 16, 7. 

23. Boum. Learn the declension of this word from the vocabulary. 

24. Né. A negative clause of purpose is introduced by _né_. 

24. 2. Omnibus locís. _Locus_ modified by an adjective is often usedwithout _in_ in the ablative of place. 

3. Núsquam. We say 'could not find anywhere, ' but Latin prefers tocombine the negative with another word. 

6. Reliquís. See the note on _reliquós centaurós_, 14, 26. 

7. é bóbus. Compare _boum_, 23, 23. With únus the ablative with _ex_ or_dé_ is commonly used instead of the partitive genitive. 

16. Neque quicquam. See the note on 10, 4. 

21. Móre suó, 'according to his custom. '

turbátus, 'was confused . .. And. ' See the note on _íra . .. Interfécit_, 18, 4. 

22. In. See the note on _in átrium_, 7, 3. 

25. Respírandí. See the note on 12, 26. 

25. 2. Quam quós, for _quam eós quós_. 

11. Cui. See the note on _cui erant_, 13, 5. 

12. Herculí imperáverat, 'had enjoined upon Hercules. '

17. Eurystheó. See the note on _óráculó_, 21, 3. 

19. Quaesíverat. With this verb the person of whom the question is askedis expressed in the ablative with _ab, dé_, or _ex_. 

23. Orbis terrárum, 'of the world, ' literally 'of the circle of lands. '

26. Umerís suís, ablative of means, but we say 'on his shoulders. '

né. See the note on 23, 24. 

décideret. Notice the force of the prefix _dé_. 

27. Mírátus, 'wondering at. ' The perfect participle of deponent verbs isoften best rendered into English by a present participle. 

26. 3. Herculí, dative with pródesse. 

ille. See the note on _Perseus_, 4, 4. 

4. Certó, the adverb. 

6. Vénisset. What would the form be in the direct question?

inquit. See the note on 14, 28. 

7. Fíliábus. To avoid confusion with the corresponding forms of_deus_ and _fílius_, the dative and ablative plural of _dea_ and _fília_sometimes end in _ábus_. 

sponte. This noun is practically confined to the ablative singular, inprose usually with _meá, tuá_, or _suá_, 'of my, your, his own accord. '

9. Posset, subjunctive because indirect. The thought of Hercules was _sípotest_. 

11. Abesset. This also is indirect, quoting _absum_. 

12. Umerís. See the note on 25, 26. 

17. Pauca mília. Extent of space, like duration of time, is expressed bythe accusative, passuum. See the note on 16, 6. 

21. Ita ut, 'as'

accépissent. Hitherto we have found the indicative in causal clausesintroduced by quod. The subjunctive indicates that the reason is quoted;the Hesperides said _quod accépimus_. 

28. Grátiás égit. See the note on 6, 16. 

27. 2. é labóribus. See the note on 24, 7. 

3. Herculí praecéperat = _Herculí imperáverat_, 25, 12. 

5. Posset, subjunctive because it quotes the thought of Eurystheus, _poterit_. 

6. Ut . .. Traheret. This clause is not itself the object of dedit, but inapposition with the object (Negótium). 

7. Omnium, partitive genitive. 

11. Nárrámus. The present is sometimes used with antequam to expressfuture action, as in English with 'before. ' See the note on 15, 1. 

aliénum, predicate adjective, the subject of vidétur being pauca . .. Própónere. In the passive _videó_ may mean 'be seen, ' but it usuallymeans 'seem. '

13. Qui ídem, 'which also, ' literally 'which the same. '

14. Ut, 'when. '

15. Dédúcébantur, customary action. 

19. Stygis flúminis. We say 'river Styx, ' but 'Mississippi River. '

quó, ablative of means. 

20. Necesse. See the note on 23, 3. 

possent. The subjunctive is used with antequam to denote that the actionis expected or intended. 

21. In. We say 'over. '

25. Prius. Notice that Latin is here more exact than English, using thecomparative because only two actions are spoken of. 

dedisset, subjunctive because indirect. Charon said _nisi dederis_(future perfect), _nón tránsveham_, 'unless you first give (shall havegiven), I will not carry you across. '

28. 1. Mortuí, used as a noun, 'of the dead man. '

eó cónsilió, 'with this purpose, ' 'to this end. ' The clause ut . .. Possetis in apposition with cónsilió. 

6. Ut. Compare 27, 14. 

8. Quod cum fécissent, 'and when they had done this. ' See the note on_quibus_, 20, 1. 

13. Stábant, 'there stood. ' What is its subject?

15. Mortuís, dative of indirect object. 

et. Notice that ambiguity is avoided by a change of conjunctions, etconnecting the clauses and -que connecting praemia and poenás. Of theseconnectives, _et_ connects two ideas that are independent of each otherand of equal importance; _-que_ denotes a close connection, often of twowords that together express a single idea; while _ac_ or _atque_ (seeline 18) adds something of greater importance. 

18. Et. _Multí_ is often joined by _et_ to another adjective modifyingthe same noun. 

24. Ex. Compare 25, 18. 

27. Sé sociós, direct object and predicate accusative respectively. 

29. 3. Né. After verbs of fearing _né_ must be rendered 'that, ' _ut_, 'that not. ' Notice, however, that the negative idea is as clearly presenthere as in the other clauses introduced by _né_ that we have met, forCharon wishes that the thing may not happen. 

13. Fécisset, indirect for _féceris_. 

18. Refúgerit. See the note on 19, 22. 

23. Quae cum ita essent, 'and this being the case, ' 'and so, ' literally'since which things were so. '

24. Líberátus. See the note on _írá . .. Interfécit_, 18, 4. 

25. Quae, object of perscríbere, which is the subject of est; longum ispredicate adjective. 

26. Est. We say 'would be. '

aetáte, ablative of specification. Translate 'when he was now advanced inage' (_i. E_. 'late in life'), and see the note on _fessus_, 23, 15. 

30. 1. Accidit. This is one of several impersonal verbs which take fortheir subject a clause of result (ut . .. Occíderit). 

3. Ut . .. íret, a clause of result; used as the subject of esset, mósbeing predicate. 

quis. After _sí, nisi, né_, and _num_, this is not the interrogative, butan indefinite pronoun ('any one'), occídisset, indirect for _occíderit_, which would be the form used in thelaws; or it may be explained as subjunctive by attraction to íret. 

7. Tránseant, not 'they are crossing, ' but 'they are to cross. ' Thedirect form would be _tránseámus ('How in the world are we to getacross?'), subjunctive because the question expresses doubt. This iscalled the deliberative subjunctive. 

10. Prógressus, 'after advancing. '

11. Revertébátur. This verb is deponent in the present, imperfect, andfuture. 

16. Humí, locative, 'on the ground. '

né. See the note on 23, 24. 

suí ulcíscendí, 'of avenging himself. ' This is called the gerundiveconstruction. It is regularly used instead of the gerund when the gerundwould have an accusative object (_sé ulcíscendí_). Notice that the gerundis a verbal noun; the gerundive a verbal adjective, agreeing with itsnoun like any other adjective. 

17. Morientis, 'of a dying man. ' Compare _mortuí_, 28, 1. 

18. Vís, from _voló_. 

20. Sí . .. Vénerit, 'if you ever suspect him. ' What is the literalmeaning? Notice that we use the present, while Latin by the use of thefuture perfect indicates that the action is to precede that of the mainclause. 

21. Inficiés. The future indicative is sometimes used, as in English, forthe imperative. 

22. Nihil malí. See the note on 22, 26. 

suspicáta. See the note on 25, 27. 

25. Iolén, fíliam, captívam, direct object, appositive, and predicateaccusative respectively. 

26. Domum. See the note on _ad domum_, 3, 15. 

31. 1. Referret. See the note on 19, 6. 

2. Facerent, subjunctive by attraction. The verb of a clause dependentupon an infinitive is put in the subjunctive when the two clauses areclosely connected in thought. We have already met this construction inthe case of dependence upon a subjunctive; see the note on 20, 2. 

gerere. Compare 30, 3. Such phrases as _mós est_ may have as subjecteither an infinitive or a clause of result. 

3. Verita. This participle is regularly rendered as present, né. See the note on 29, 3. 

4. Vestem. Notice that the position of this word helps to make it clearthat it is the object of ínfécit as well as of dedit. 

5. Suspicáns. This does not differ appreciably in force from _suspicáta_, 30, 22. 

8. Exanimátus, 'beside himself. '

14. Succenderent. Notice the force of the prefix _sub_ in this word andin subdidit below. 

15. Inductus, 'moved. '

THE ARGONAUTS

33. 1. Alter . .. Alter, 'one . .. The other. ' Remember that this word isused to denote one of two given persons or things. We have in thispassage an instance of the chiastic order, in which variety and emphasisare gained by reversing the position of the words in the second of twosimilar expressions. Here the two names are brought together by thisdevice. 

3. Régní, objective genitive, _i. E_. A genitive used to denote the objectof the feeling cupiditáte. 

6. Ex amícís. Quídam, like _únus_, commonly has _ex_ or _dé_ and theablative, instead of the partitive genitive. 

10. Puerum mortuum esse, 'that the boy was dead, ' literally 'the boy tobe dead. ' This is indirect for _Puer mortuus est_, 'The boy is dead. 'Notice carefully what changes Latin makes in quoting such a statementindirectly, and what the changes are in English. We have already met twoconstructions of indirect discourse, the subjunctive in indirectquestions, and the subjunctive in informal indirect discourse. By thelatter is meant a subordinate clause which, though not forming part of aformal quotation, has the subjunctive to show that not the speaker orwriter but some other person is responsible for the idea it expresses(see the notes on _dedisset_, 27, 25, and _occídisset_. 30, 3). Inindirect discourse, then, a statement depending upon a verb of saying, thinking, knowing, perceiving, or the like has its verb in the infinitivewith the subject in the accusative; a command or question has its verb inthe subjunctive; and any clause modifying such a statement, command, orquestion has its verb in the subjunctive. 

33. 13. Intellegerent. See the note on 14, 20. 

14. Nesció quam fábulam, 'some story or other. ' Notice that _nesció_ withthe interrogative pronoun is equivalent to an indefinite pronoun. 

19. óráculum. Read again the description beginning at the bottom ofpage 11. 

21. Quis. See the note on 30, 3. 

Post paucís annís, 'a few years later, ' literally 'later by a few years. 'Post is here an adverb, and paucís annís ablative of degree ofdifference. The expression is equivalent to _post paucós annós_. 

22. Accidit. See the note on 30, 1. 

factúrus, 'intending to make. ' The future participle with a form of _sum_is used to express an intended or future action. This is called theactive periphrastic conjugation. 

23. Certam. See the note on 5, 13. 

24. Dié cónstitútá, ablative of time. 

26. á pueritiá. Compare _á pueró_, 9, 20. 

34. 2. Tránseundó flúmine. See the note on _suí ulcíscendí_, 30, 16. 

nesció quó. See the note on 33. 14. 

4. únó pede núdó, 'with one foot bare, ' the ablative absolute. Thisconstruction consists of two parts, a noun, or pronoun corresponding tothe subject of a clause, and a participle corresponding to the verb of aclause. A predicate noun or adjective may take the place of theparticiple. In the latter case the use of the participle 'being' willshow the two parts in the relation of subject and predicate, 'one footbeing bare. '

34. 6. Démónstrávisset, subjunctive because subordinate in indirectdiscourse. See the note on 33, 10. Pelias thought, _Híc est homó quemóráculum démónstrávit_. 

9. Vellus aureum. Phrixus and his sister Helle were about to be put todeath, when they were rescued by a ram with fleece of gold, who carriedthem off through the air. Helle fell from the ram's back into the straitthat separates Europe and Asia, called after her the Hellespont, 'Helle'ssea, ' and known to us as the Dardanelles. Phrixus came safely to Colchis, and here he sacrificed the ram and gave the fleece to Aeetes. Read Mr. D. O. S. Lowell's _Jason's Quest_. 

11. Ut . .. Potírétur. See the note on 27, 6. 

hóc vellere. _Potior_ takes the same construction as _véscor_, for whichsee the note on 16, 19. 

16. Iter, accusative of extent. 

20. úsuí, dative of purpose. We say 'of use' or 'useful. '

24. Operí dative after the compound with _prae_. Notice that not allverbs compounded with prepositions govern the dative. Many compounds of_ad, ante, com_ (for _cum_), _in, inter, ob, post, prae, pró, sub_, and_super_ do have the dative, and some compounds of _circum_. You will findit profitable to keep a list of all such compound verbs governing thedative that you meet in your reading. 

25. Né . .. Quidem, 'not . .. Even. ' The word emphasized must stand between_né_ and _quidem_. 

ad labórem. See the note on _ad quiétem_, 14, 1. 

26. Ad multitúdinem tránsportandam, used like _ad labórem_. The gerundivein this use is very common. 

27. Quibus. The antecedent _eae_ is not expressed. Notice that _útor_governs the same case as _véscor_ and _potior_. Two other deponent verbs, not found in this book, take this construction, namely _fruor_, 'enjoy, 'and _fungor_, 'perform. '

nostró marí, _i. E_. The Mediterranean. 

cónsuévimus. See the note on _cónsuéverat_, 10, 9. 

35. 8. Citharoedum. It was said that Orpheus made such sweet music on hisgolden harp that wild beasts, trees, and rocks followed him as he moved. By his playing he even prevailed upon Pluto to give back his dead wifeEurydice. 

Théseum, a mythical hero, whose exploits resemble and rival those ofHercules. The most famous of them was the killing of the Minotaur. Theseus was the national hero of Athens. 

Castorem, the famous tamer of horses and brother of Pollux, the boxer. Read Macaulay's _Lays of Ancient Rome, The Battle of the Lake Regillus_. 

10. Quós, the subject of esse. Its antecedent is eós, line 11. Therelative frequently precedes in Latin, but the antecedent must betranslated first. 

16. Argonautae. Notice the composition of this word. 

24. Déicerentur, part of the result clause. 

26. Arbitrátí. See the note on 25, 27. 

égredí. See the note on 22, 18. 

27. Púgnátum est. See the note on 20 4. 

36. 5. Postrídié éius diéí, 'the next day, ' more literally 'on the dayfollowing that day. ' This idea may be expressed by _postrídié_ alone, andthe fuller expression is simply more formal. 

9. In ancorís, 'at anchor. '

10. Habérent. See the note on 34, 6. 

11. Ex Argonautís. See the note on 33, 6. 

13. Quí, 'he. ' See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1. 

dum quaerit, 'while looking for. ' The present indicative with _dum_ isoften to be translated by a present participle. 

15. Vídissent. We say 'saw, ' but Latin makes it plain that the seeing(and falling in love) came before the attempt to persuade. 

eí. Keep a list of all intransitive verbs which are used with the dative. 

16. Negáret. This verb is commonly used instead of _dícó_ when a negativestatement follows; when thus used, it should be translated by 'say' withthe appropriate negative, here 'said that he would not. '

37. 1. Praebuisset, subjunctive in a subordinate clause of indirectdiscourse. 

2. Supplicí. See the note on 7, 8. 

6. Accubuerat. The Romans reclined at table, supporting themselves on theleft arm and taking the food with the right hand. They naturallyrepresented others as eating in the same way. 

appositum, 'that had been placed before him. ' See the note on_exanimátum_, 14, 4. 

7. Quó . .. Morerétur, 'and so it came to pass that Phineus was nearlydying of starvation, ' literally 'that not much was wanting but thatPhineus would die. ' Ut . .. Abesset is a clause of result, the subject offactum est; quin . .. Morerétur is a form of subordinate clause withsubjunctive verb used after certain negative expressions; famé isablative of cause. Notice that _famés_ has a fifth-declension ablative, but is otherwise of the third declension. 

9. Rés male sé habébat, 'the situation was desperate. ' What is theliteral meaning?

12. Opíniónem virtútis, 'reputation for bravery. '

13. Quín ferrent. Negative expressions of doubt are regularly followed by_quín_ and the subjunctive. 

16. Quantó in perículó. See the note on 11, 25. 

suae rés, 'his affairs. ' See the note on _rés_, 13, 8. 

17. Repperissent. Phineus used the future perfect indicative. 

22. Nihil, used adverbially. 

23. áera. See the note on 4, 11. 

27. Hóc factó, 'when this had been accomplished. ' See the note on 34, 4. The ablative absolute is often used instead of a subordinate clause oftime, cause, condition, or the like. 

38. 1. Referret. See the note on 6, 16. 

3. Eó cónsilió. See the note on 28, 1. 

4. Né quis, 'that no one. ' 'Negative clauses of purpose and negativeclauses of result may be distinguished by the negative: _né, né quís_, etc. , for purpose; _ut nón, ut némó_, etc. , for result. 

parvó interválló, 'a short distance apart, ' ablative absolute. See thenote on 34, 1. 

5. In medium spatium, 'between them. '

7. Quid faciendum esset, 'what was to be done. ' The gerundive is usedwith _sum_ to denote necessary action. This is called the passiveperiphrastic conjugation. 

8. Sublátís . .. Solvit, 'weighed anchor and put to sea. ' What is theliteral translation? The ablative absolute is often best translated by acoördinate verb, and this requires a change of voice, for the lack of aperfect active participle in Latin is the reason for the use of theablative absolute in such cases. If there were a perfect activeparticiple, it would stand in the nominative, modifying the subject, aswe have found the perfect participle of deponent verbs doing. 

11. Réctá . .. Spatium, 'straight between them. '

12. Caudá tantum ámissá, 'having lost only its tail-feathers. ' Noticethat we change the voice, as in line 8, and that the use of the ablativeabsolute is resorted to here for the same reason as in that passage. Makesure at this point that you know three ways in which the ablativeabsolute may be translated, as in this passage, as in line 8, and assuggested in the note on 37, 27. 

14. Concurrerent, 'could rush together. ' See the note on _possent_, 27, 20. 

intellegentés, equivalent to _cum intellegerent_. 

17. Dís, the usual form of the dative and ablative plural of _deus_, as_dí_ of the nominative plural. 

quórum, equivalent to _cum eórum_. A relative clause of cause, like a_cum_-clause of cause, has its verb in the subjunctive. 

27. Negábat. See the note on 36, 16. 

39. 1. Tráditúrum. In infinitives formed with participles _esse_ is oftenomitted, prius. See the note on 27, 25. 

3. Prímum. See the note on 12, 16. 

4. Iungendí erant. See the note on 38, 7. 

8. Reí bene gerendae, 'of accomplishing his mission. ' What is the literalmeaning?

10. Rem aegré ferébat, 'she was greatly distressed. ' What is the literalmeaning?

12. Quae . .. Essent. See the note on 29, 23. 

13. Medicínae, objective genitive. 

14. Mediá nocte. See the note on 9, 5. 

ínsciente patre, 'without the knowledge of her father, ' ablativeabsolute. 

15. Vénit. See the note on 3, 13. 

17. Quod . .. Cónfírmáret, a relative clause of purpose. 

19. Essent, subjunctive in informal indirect discourse, or by attractionto oblineret. 

20. Hominibus. See the note on 34, 24. 

21. Mágnitúdine et víribus, ablative of specification. 

40. 2. Nihil valére, 'prevailed not. '

5. Quá in ré. See the note on 11, 25. 

6. Cónfécerit. See the note on 19, 22. 

8. Quós. See the note on _quíbus_, 20, 1. 

9. Autem. See the note on 5, 8. 

10. Essent, subjunctive by attraction. 

11. Quódam, 'some. '

16. Gígnerentur, 'should be born. ' With dum, 'until, ' the subjunctive isused of action anticipated, as with _antequam_ (see the note on_possent_, 27, 20). 

19. Omnibus agrí partibus. See the note on 18, 6. 

20. Mírum in modum = _míró modó_. 

25. Nesció cúr, 'for some reason. ' See the note on 33, 14. 

28. Núlló negótió, 'with no trouble, ' 'without difficulty. '

41. 3. Quín tulisset. See the note on 37, 13. 

15. Quam prímum, 'as soon as possible. ' See the note on 23, 2. 

16. ávectúrum. See the note on _tráditúrum_, 39, 1. 

17. Postrídié éius diéí. See the note on 36, 5. 

19. Locó. The antecedent is frequently thus repeated in the relativeclause. 

21. Quí . .. Essent, 'to guard the ship. ' See the note on 13, 16. 

22. Ipse. See the note on 21, 19. 

27. Quídam. This word may sometimes be rendered by the indefinitearticle. 

28. Démónstrávimus. See the note on _nárrávimus_, 14, 17. 

42. 5. Dormit. See the note on _fugit_, 4, 25. 

12. Aliquí. Learn from the vocabulary the difference between _aliquís_and _aliquí_. 

mátúrandum sibi, 'they ought to hasten, ' more literally 'haste ought tobe made by them'; mátúrandum (_esse_) is the impersonal passive, and sibithe so-called dative of the agent. With the gerundive the person who hasthe thing to do is regularly expressed in the dative. 

16. Mírátí. See the note on 25, 27. 

20. Dís. See the note on 38, 17. 

21. événisset. See the note on _accépissent_, 26, 21. 

23. Vigiliá. The Romans divided the day from sunrise to sunset intotwelve hours (_hórae_), the night from sunset to sunrise into fourwatches (_vigiliae_). 

24. Neque enim. See the note on 7, 12. 

25. Inimícó animó, ablative of description. 

43. 2. Hóc dolóre, 'this anger, ' _i. E_. 'anger at this. '

Návem longam, 'war-galley, ' 'man-of-war. ' The adjective contrasts theshape of the man-of-war with that of the merchantman. 

4. Fugientís, used as a noun, 'the fugitives. '

6. Quá, ablative of means. 

7. Quá, 'as, ' but in the same construction as eádem celeritáte. 

8. Quo . .. Caperentur. See the note on 37, 7. 

9. Neque . .. Posset, 'for the distance between them was not greater thana javelin could be thrown. ' What is the literal translation? The clausequó . .. Posset denotes result; the distance was not _so great that_ ajavelin could not be thrown from one ship to the other. 

11. Vídisset. See the note on 36, 15. 

15. Fugiéns, 'when she fled. ' See the note on _fessus_, 23, 15. 

18. Fílí. See the note on 7, 8. 

19. Neque . .. Fefellit, 'and Medea was not mistaken. ' What is the literalmeaning?

20. Ubi prímum, 'as soon as, ' literally 'when first. '

24. Prius, not to be rendered until quam is reached. The two wordstogether mean 'before, ' more literally 'earlier than, ' 'sooner than, 'They are sometimes written together (_priusquam_). 

25. Nihil . .. Esse, 'that it would be of no advantage to him. '

44. 5. Pollicitus erat. Verbs of promising do not usually take in Latinthe simple present infinitive, as in English, but the construction ofindirect discourse. 

10. Mihi. The dative of reference is often used in Latin where we shoulduse a possessive in English. Translate here as if the word were _meus_, modifying diés. 

11. Liceat mihi, 'permit me, ' literally 'let it be permitted to me. 'Commands and entreaties in the third person are regularly expressed inthe subjunctive. 

dum vívam, 'so long as I live. ' The verb with _dum_ 'so long as' is notrestricted to the present, as with _dum_ 'while, ' but any tense of theindicative may be used. We have here the future indicative, or thepresent subjunctive by attraction. 

12. Tú. The nominative of the personal pronouns is commonly expressedonly when emphatic. Here the use of the pronoun makes the promise morepositive. 

15. Rem aegré tulit, 'was vexed. ' Compare 39, 10. 

20. Vultisne, the verb _vultis_ and the enclitic _-ne_, which is used tointroduce a question, and is incapable of translation. Num (line 21)introduces a question to which a negative answer is expected, and islikewise not to be translated, except in so far as its effect isreproduced by the form of the question or the tone of incredulity withwhich the words are spoken. 

28. Effervésceret. See the note on 40, 16. 

45. 3. Stupentés, 'in amazement. '

5. Vós. See the note on 44, 12. Vós and ego in the next sentence arecontrasted. 

7. Quod ubi. See the note on 28, 8. 

10. Necávérunt. See the note on _interfécit_, 13, 18. 

13. Quíbus. For the case see the note on _quíbus_, 34, 27. 

15. Ré vérá, 'really. '

18. Aegré tulérunt, 'were indignant at. ' Compare 39, 10, and 44, 15. 

23. Creontí. See the note on _cui erant_, 13, 5. 

25. Núntium, 'a notice of divorce. '

26. Dúceret. See the note on _dúxit_, 6, 18. 

28. Ultúram. See the note on 39, 1. 

46. 1. Vestem. Compare the story of the death of Hercules, pp. 30, 31. 

3. Quis. See the note on 30, 3. 

induisset, subjunctive by attraction. 

5. Nihil malí. See the note on 22, 26. 

16. Itaque, not the adverb _itaque_, but the adverb _ita_ and theenclitic conjunction _-que_. 

áera. See the note on 4, 11. 

21. In eam partem, 'to that side. '

ULYSSES

49. 4. ínsidiás. This refers to the story of the wooden horse. 

9. Quem, subject of excógitásse. The English idiom is 'who, some say, devised. ' Notice that excógitásse is contracted from _excógitávisse_. 

10. Quó, ablative of means. 

19. Aliae . .. Partís, 'some in one direction and some in another, ' butLatin compresses this into the one clause 'others in other directions. '

20. Quá. See the note on 43, 6. 

26. Quibusdam, dative with obviam factí, 'having fallen in with, ' 'havingmet. '

27. Accidit. See the note on 30, 1. 

50. 2. Gustássent, contracted from _gustávissent_. 

patriae et sociórum. Verbs of remembering and forgetting take thegenitive or the accusative, but _oblívíscor_ prefers the former. 

4. Cibó. See the note on 16, 19. 

5. Hórá septimá. See the note on 42, 23. 

11. Docuérunt. See the note on 4, 26. 

51. 6. Tantum, the adverb. 

23. Sé, 'they, ' _i. E_. Himself and his companions. 

praedandí causá, 'to steal. ' Purpose is frequently thus expressed by_causá_ with the genitive of the gerund or gerundive. What other ways ofexpressing purpose have you met in your reading?

24. á Tróiá. The preposition is sometimes used with names of towns, withthe meaning 'from the direction of' or 'from the neighborhood of. '

25. Esse. It will help you to understand indirect discourse if you willtry to discover what words would be used to express the idea in thedirect form. Here, for instance, the exact words of Ulysses would havebeen in Latin: _Neque mercátórés sumus neque praedandí causá vénimus; sedá Tróiá redeuntés ví tempestátum á réctó cursú dépulsí sumus_. 

27. Ubi . .. Essent. The question of Polyphemus was _Ubi est návis quávectí estis_?

sibi . .. Esse, 'that he must be exceedingly careful. ' See the note on_mátúrandum sibi_, 42, 12. 

29. In . .. Esse, 'had been driven on the rocks and entirely dashed topieces. ' See the note on _írá . .. Interfécit_, 18, 4. 

52. 1. Membrís eórum dívulsís, 'tearing them limb from limb. '

4. Né . .. Quidem. See the note on 34, 25. 

6. Tam. Notice that the force of a second demonstrative word is lost inthe English rendering. So _híc tantus vir_, 'this great man, ' etc. 

7. Humí. See the note on 30, 16. 

próstrátus, 'throwing himself down. ' See the note on _continébantur_, 20, 26. 

8. Reí gerendae, 'for action. ' Compare 39, 8. 

9. In eó . .. Tránsfígeret, 'was on the point of transfixing. ' The clauseof result ut . .. Tránsfígeret is explanatory of in eó. 

13. Nihil sibi prófutúrum. See the note on 43, 25. 

17. Hóc cónátú. See the note on 13, 11. 

18. Núllá . .. Oblátá, 'since no hope of safety presented itself. ' See thenote on _continébantur_, 20, 26. 

21. Et. See the note on 28, 18. 

23. Látúri essent, 'would bring, ' more literally 'were going to bring. 'Notice that in subjunctive constructions the periphrastic form isnecessary to express future action clearly, since the subjunctive has nofuture. 

25. Quod, object of the implied _fécerat_. 

53. 14. Quó. See the note on 43, 7. 

15. Id . .. Salútí, 'and this was his salvation, ' literally 'that whichwas for safety to him. ' For the datives see the note on 13, 16. 

20. Tertium, the adverb. 

22. Néminem. Why is the accusative used?

27. Inquit. See the note on 14, 28. 

28. Quam facultátem, for _facultátem quam_. The antecedent is often thusattracted into the relative clause, né omittámus, 'let us not neglect, ' the hortatory subjunctive. 

29. Reí gerendae. See the note on 52, 8. 

54. 1. Extrémum pálum, 'the end of the stake. ' Other adjectives denotinga part of the object named by the noun they modify are _medius_, 'themiddle of'; _céterus_, 'the rest of'; _reliquus_, 'the rest of';_prímus_, 'the first of'; _summus_, 'the top of'; _ímus_, 'the bottomof. '

5. Dum errat, 'wandering. '

23. Pecus. Is this _pecus, pecoris_, or _pecus, pecudis_? See the note on_pecora_, 20, 26. 

24. Vénerat. We say 'came, ' but the Latin by the use of the pluperfectdenotes that this action preceded that of tráctábat. 

55. 1. Quás. See the note on _quibus_, 20, 1. 

inter sé. Compare 21, 20. 

5. Fore, 'would happen. '

15. Aliquod. Compare 42, 12, and the note. 

16. Id . .. Erat, 'as was indeed the case. '

17. Auxiliandí causá. See the note on 51, 23. 

26. Correptum coniécit, 'seized and threw. '

27. Nón . .. Submergerentur. See the note on 37, 7. 

56. 4-6. These verses and those on p. 57 and p. 59 are quoted fromVergil's Aeneid. 

6. Vinclís, for _vinculís_. 

8. Vírís. Let the quantity of the first _i_ tell you from what nominativethis word comes. 

11. Sibi proficíscendum. See the note on _mátúrandum sibi_, 42, 12. 

13. Iam profectúró, 'as he was now about to set out. '

16. Návigantí, 'to one sailing. '

25. Mírábantur, 'had been wondering. ' With iam dúdum and similarexpressions the imperfect denotes action begun some time before and stillgoing on at the given past time. This is similar to the use of thepresent already commented on (see the note on _es_, 4, 1). 

28. Céláta, plural because of the plural expression aurum et argentum. 

57. 1. Ventí, subject of ruunt and perflant. 

2. Velut ágmine factó, 'as if formed in column. '

3. Data. _Est_ is omitted. 

10. Próiécissent. See the note on _accépissent_, 26, 21. 

13. In terram égrediendum esse, 'that a landing must be made. '

18. Quam, an adverb modifying crúdélí. 

19. Essent, informal indirect discourse or subjunctive by attraction. 

20. Vellet, subjunctive of characteristic. This name is given to thesubjunctive when used in relative clauses to define or restrict anindefinite or general antecedent. So here it is not 'no one was found, 'but 'no one willing to undertake this task was found. '

21. Déducta est, 'came. '

23. Praeesset, subjunctive of purpose. 

25. événit. This verb takes the same construction as _accidit_, 30, 1. 

58. 1. Nihil. See the note on 37, 22. 

2. Mortí. Compare 49, 26. 

5. Aliquantum itineris, 'some distance on the journey. ' The two words areaccusative of extent of space and partitive genitive respectively. 

11. Sibi, 'for them, ' dative of reference. 

12. Forís. This is translated like forás above, but the former wasoriginally locative and is therefore used with verbs of rest; the latter, accusative of place whither and therefore used with verbs of motion. 

15. Accubuérunt. See the note on 37, 6. 

25. Perturbátus, used as a predicate adjective, 'agitated. '

27. Correptó. See the note on 38, 8. 

59. 1. Quid. See the note on _quis_, 30, 3. 

gravius, 'serious. '

eí. The direct form of these two speeches would be: _Sí quid gravius tibiacciderit, omnium salús in summó discrímine erit_; and _Néminem invítummécum addúcam; tibi licet, sí mávís, in náví manére; ego ipse sine úllópraesidió rem suscipiam_. Notice that _ego_ is not used to represent _sé_of line 2, but is used for _sé_ of line 4 for the sake of the contrastwith _tibi_. 

6. Núlló. Instead of the genitive and ablative of _némó_, _núllíus_ and_núlló_ are regularly used. 

7. Alíquantum itinerís. See the note on 58, 5. 

10. In eó . .. Intráret. See the note on 52, 9. 

11. Eí. Compare 49, 26, and 58, 2. 

14. Circés, a Greek form of the genitive. 

16. Num. See the note on 44, 20. Nónne (line 14) is used to introduce aquestion to which an affirmative answer is expected. 

18. Núllís. See the note on 24, 3. 

22. Tetigerit. See the note on 30, 20. 

tú . .. Faciás, 'see that you draw your sword and make an attack uponher. '

24. Vísús, 'sight, ' The use of the plural is poetic. 

25. Tenuem . .. Auram. The order of the words here is poetic. 

60. 1. Atque, 'as. ' After adjectives and adverbs denoting likeness andunlikeness, this use of _atque_ is regular. 

3. Dépulsa est. See the note on 4, 26. 

4. Sibi. See the note on 58, 11. 

11. Ut . .. Erat, 'as he had been instructed, ' more literally 'as had beenenjoined upon him. ' An intransitive verb must be used impersonally in thepassive, for it is the direct object of the active voice that becomes thesubject of the passive. If the intransitive verb takes a dative in theactive, this dative is kept in the passive. Notice that the correspondingEnglish verbs are transitive, and that the dative may therefore berendered as the object in the active construction and as the subject inthe passive. 

13. Sénsisset. See the note on _vídissent_, 36, 15. 

14. Sibi vítam adimeret, 'take her life. ' The dative of reference is thusused after some compound verbs to name the person from whom a thing istaken. This construction is sometimes called the dative of separation. 

15. Timóre perterritam. See the note on 14, 11. 

20. Eí pedés, 'his feet. ' See the note on 44, 10. 

21. Imperásset, contracted from _imperávisset_. 

22. In átrium. See the note on 7, 3. 

26. Sunt, goes with reductí. 

29. Reliquís Graecís, indirect object of díceret. 

30. Circaeam. Notice that this use of the adjective instead of thegenitive often cannot be imitated in the English rendering, but must betranslated by the possessive case or a prepositional phrase. 

61. 8. Eí persuásum sit, 'he was persuaded. ' See the note on 60, 11. Theclause ut . .. Manéret is the subject of persuásum sit; if the latter wereactive, the clause would be its object. For the tense of persuásum sitsee the note on 19, 22. 

10. Cónsúmpserat. See the note on 14, 3. 

patriae, objective genitive, to be rendered, as often, with 'for. '

15. úsuí. See the note on 34, 20. 

23. Antequam perveníret. We say 'before he could come. ' See the note on_possent_, 27, 20. 

24. Hóc locó. See the note on 24, 2. 

longum est. We say '_would_ be tedious' or '_would_ take too long. '

VOCABULARY

ABBREVIATIONS

abl. = ablative. Acc. = accusative. Act. = active. Adj. = adjective. Adv. = adverb. Comp. = comparative. Conj. = conjunction. Dat. = dative. Dem. = demonstrative. F. = feminine. Freq. = frequentative. Gen. = genitive. Ger. = gerundive. Impers. = impersonal. Indecl. = indeclinable. Indef. = indefinite. Infin. = infinitive. Interrog. = interrogative. Loc. = locative. M. = masculine. N. = neuter. Part. = participle. Pass. = passive. Perf. = perfect. Pers. = personal. Plur. = plural. Prep. = preposition. Pron. = pronoun or pronominal. Rel. = relative. Sing. = singular. Superl. = superlative. 

_The hyphen in initial words indicates the composition of the words_. 

A

á or ab (the former never used before words beginning with a vowel or _h_), prep. With abl. , _away from, from; of; by_. Abditus, -a, -um [part of abdó], _hidden, concealed_. Ab-dó, -dere, -didí, -ditus, _put away, hide_. Ab-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _lead_ or _take away_. Ab-eó, -íre, -ií, -itúrus, _go away, depart_. Abició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [ab + iació], _throw away_. Abripió, -ripere, -ripuí, -reptus [ab + rapió], _snatch away, carry off_. Abscídó, -cídere, -cídí, -císus [abs = ab + caedó], _cut away_ or _off_. Ab-scindó, -scindere, -scidí, -scissus, _tear away_ or _off_. Ab-sum, abesse, áfuí, áfutúrus, _be away, be absent, be distant; be wanting_. Ab-súmó, -súmere, -súmpsí, -súmptus, _take away, consume, destroy_. Absyrtus, -í, m. , _Absyrtus_. Ac, see atque. Acastus, -í, m. , _Acastus_. Accendó, -cendere, -cendí, -cénsus, _kindle, light_. Accidó, -cidere, -cidí [ad + cadó], _fall to_ or _upon; befall, happen_. Accipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [ad + capió], _take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer_. Accumbó, -cumbere, -cubuí, -cubitus, _lie down_ (at table). Accurró, -currere, -currí, -cursus [ad + curró], _run to, come up_. ácer, ácris, ácre, _sharp, shrill_. Aciés, -éí, f. , _line of battle_. Acrisius, -í, m. , _Acrisius_. ácriter [ácer], adv. , _sharply, fiercely_. Ad, prep. With acc. , _to, toward; at, near; for_. Ad-amó, -amáre, -amáví, -amátus, _feel love for, fall in love with_. Ad-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _lead to, bring, take; induce, influence_. Ad-eó, -íre, -ií, -itus, _go to, approach_. Ad-feró, adferre, attulí, adlátus, _bear to, bring_. Adfició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [ad + fació], _do to, move, affect; visit, afflict_. Ad-flígó, -flígere, -flíxi, -flíctus, _dash to, shatter_. Adhibeó, -hibére, -hibuí, -hibitus [ad + habeó], _hold to, employ, show_. Ad-húc, adv. , _to this point, up to this time, yet, still_. Adició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [ad + iació], _throw to, throw, hurl_. Adimó, -imere, -émí, -émptus [ad + emó], _take to oneself, take away_. Aditus, -ús [adeó], m. , _approach, entrance_. Ad-iungo, -iungere, -iúnxí, -iúnctus, _join to, join_. Ad-ligó, -ligáre, -ligáví, -ligátus, _bind to, bind_. Adméta, -ae, f. , _Admeta_. Ad-míror, -mírárí, -mírátus, _wonder at, admire_. Ad-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send to, admit; allow_. Ad-stó, -stáre, -stití, _stand at_ or _near_. Aduléscéns, -entis, m. , _youth, young man_. Aduléscentia, -ae [aduléscéns], f. , _youth_. Ad-úró, -úrere, -ússí, -ústus, _set fire to, burn, scorch, sear_. Ad-venió, -veníre, -véní, -ventus, _come to_ or _toward, approach, arrive_. Adventus, -ús [advenió], m. , _approach, arrival_. Aeacus, -í, m. , _Aeacus_. Aedificó, -áre, -áví, -átus [aedis + fació], _make a building, build_. Aedis, -is, f. , sing. _temple_, plur. _house_. Aeétés, -ae, m. , _Aeetes_. Aegré [aeger, _sick_], adv. , _ill, with difficulty_. Aegyptií, -órum, m. Pl. , _Egyptians_. Aéneus, -a, -um [aes], _of copper_ or _bronze_. Aeolia, -ae [Aeolus], f. , _Aeolia_. Aeolus, -í, m. , _Aeolus_. áér, áeris, m. , _air_. Aes, aeris, n. , _copper, bronze_. Aeson, -onis, m. , _Aeson_. Aestás, -tátis, f. , _summer_. Aetás, -tátis, f. , _age_. Aethiopés, -um, m. Plur. , _Ethiopians_. Aetna, -ae, f. , _Etna_. Ager, agri, m. , _field, land_. ágmen, -minis [ago], n. , _band, column_. ágnóscó, -gnóscere, -gnóví, -gnitus [ad + (g)nóscó, _come to know], recognize_. Agó, agere, égí, áctus, _drive; do; pass, lead_; grátiás agere, see grátia. Ala, -ae, f. , _wing_. Albus, -a, -um, _white_. Alcména, -ae, f. , _Alcmena_. Aliénus, -a, -um [alius], _belonging to another, out of place_. Ali-quandó, adv. , _at some time or other; finally, at length_. Ali-quantum, -quantí, n. , _somewhat_. Ali-quí, -qua, -quod, indef. Pron. Adj. , _some, any_. Ali-quis, -quid, indef. Pron. , _someone, any one, something, anything, some, any_. Aliter [alius], adv. , _in another way, otherwise, differently_. Alius, -a, -ud, _another, other_; alií . .. Alií, _some . .. Others. Aló, -ere, -uí, -tus, _nourish_. Alpés, -ium, f. Plur. , _Alps_. Alter, -era, -erum, _one_ or _the other_ (of two); _another, second_. Altus, -a, -um [part, of aló], _high, deep_; altum, -í, n. , _the deep_. Amázonés, -um, f. Plur. , _Amazons_. ámentia, -ae [á + méns, _mind_], f. , _madness_. Amícus, -í, m. , _friend_. á-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send away, lose_. Amó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _love_. Amor, -óris [amó], m. , _love_. á-moveó, -movére, -móví, -mótus, _move away_. Amphora, -ae, f. , _jar, bottle_. An, conj. , _or_ (in questions). Ancora, -ae, f. , _anchor_; in ancorís, _at anchor_. Andromeda, -ae, f. , _Andromeda_. Anguis, -is, m. And f. , _serpent, snake_. Anima, -ae, f. , _breath, soul, life_. Animadvertó, -vertere, -vertí, -versus [animus + ad-vertó], _turn the mind to, observe_. Animus, -í, m. , _mind; heart; spirit, courage_. Annus, -í, m. , _year_. Ante, prep, with acc. And adv. , _before_. Anteá [ante], adv. , _before_. Antecelló, -cellere, _surpass, excel_. Ante-quam, conj. , _before than, sooner than, before_. Antíquus, -a, -um, _ancient_. Antrum, -í, n. , _cave_. ánxius, -a, -um, _anxious_. Aper, aprí, m. , _wild boar_. Aperió, -íre, -uí, -tus, _open_. Apertus, -a, -um [part, of aperió], _open_. Apollo, -inis, m. , _Apollo_. Appelló, -pelláre, -pelláví, -pellátus, _call, name_. Appelló, -pellere, -pulí, -pulsus [ad + pelló], _drive to, bring to_; with or without návem, _put in_. Appetó, -petere, -petíví, -petítus [ad + petó], _draw near_. Appónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus [ad + pónó], _put to_ or _near, set before, serve_. Appropinquó, -propinquáre, -propinquáví, -propinquátus [ad + propinquó], _approach to, approach_. Apud, prep, with acc. , _among, with_. Aqua, -ae, f. , _water_. ára, -ae, f. , _altar_. Arbitror, -árí, -átus, _consider, think, judge_. Arbor, -oris, f. , _tree_. Arca, -ae, f. , _chest, box, ark_. Arcadia, -ae, f. , _Arcadia_. Arcessó, -ere, -íví, -ítus, _call, summon, fetch_. Arcus, -ús, m. , _bow_. árdeó, árdére, ársí, ársus, _be on fire, burn_. Argentum, -í, n. , _silver_. Argó, Argus, f. , _the Argo_. Argolicus, -a, -um, _of Argolis_ (the district of Greece in which Tiryns was situated), _Argolic_. Argonautae, -árum [Argó + nauta], m. Plur. , _Argonauts_. Argus, -í, m. , _Argus_. Ariés, -etis, m. , _ram_. Arma, -órum, n. Plur. , _arms, weapons_. Armátus, -a, -um [part, of armó], _armed_. Armó, -áre, -ávi, -átus [arma], _arm, equip_. Aró, -áre, -áví, -átus, _plow_. Ars, artis, f. , _art_. Ascendó, -scendere, -scendí, -scénsus [ad + scandó], _climb to, ascend, mount_. Aspició, -spicere, -spéxí, -spectus [ad + speció], _look at_ or _on, behold_. At, conj. , _but_. Athénae, -árum, f. Plur. , _Athens_. Atlás, -antis, m. , _Atlas_. Atque or ac (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or _h_), conj. , _and_; after words of comparison, _as, than_. átrium, -í, n. , _hall_. Attingó, -tingere, -tigí, -táctus [ad + tango], _touch at_. Audácia, -ae [audáx, _bold_], f. , _boldness, audacity_. Audeó, audére, ausus sum, _dare_. Audió, -íre, -íví, -ítus, _hear; listen_ or _attend to_. Auferó, auferre, abstulí, ablátus [ab + feró], _bear away, carry off_. Aufugió, -fugere, -fúgí [ab + fugió], _flee_ or _run away_. Augéás, -ae, m. , _Augeas_. Aura, -ae, f. , _air, breeze_. Aureus, -a, -um [aurum], _of gold, golden_. Auris, -is, f. , _ear_. Aurum, -í, n. , _gold_. Aut, conj. , _or_; aut . .. Aut, _either . .. Or_. Autem, conj. , _moreover; but, however; now_. Auxilior, -ári, -átus [auxilium], _help_. Auxilium, -í, n. , _help, aid_. á-vehó, -vehere, -vexí, -vectus, _carry away_. Avis, -is, f. , _bird_. á-voló, -voláre, -voláví, -volátúrus, _fly away_. Avus, -í, m. , _grandfather_. 

B

baculum, -í, n. , _stick, wand_. Balteus, -í, m. . , _belt, girdle_. Barbarus, -a, -um, _barbarian_. Beátus, -a, -um, _happy, blessed_. Bellicósus, -a, -um [bellum], _war-like_. Bellum, -í, n. , _war_. Bélua, -ae, f. , _beast, monster_. Bene [bonus], adv. , _well; successfully_. Beneficium, -í [bene + fació], n. , _well-doing, kindness, service, benefit_. Benígné [benígnus, _kind_], adv. , _kindly_. Benígnitás, -tátis [benígnus, _kind_], f. , _kindness_. Bibó, bibere, bibí, _drink_. Biceps, -cipitis [bi- + caput], adj. , _two-headed_. Bonus, -a, -um, _good_. Bós, bovis, gen. Plur. Boum, dat. And abl. Plur. Bóbus, m. And f. , _ox, bull, cow_. Bracchium, -í, n. , _arm_. Brevis, -e, _short_. Búsíris, -idis, m. , _Busiris_. 

C

Cácus, -í, m. , _Cacus_. Cadáver, -eris, n. , _dead body, corpse, carcass_. Cadó, cadere, cecidí, cásúrus, _fall_. Caecus, -a, -um, _blind_. Caedés, -is [caedó, _cut_], f. , _cutting down, killing, slaughter_. Caelum, -í, n. , _heaven, sky_. Calais, -is, m. , _Calais_. Calamitás, -tátis, f. , _misfortune, calamity, disaster_. Calceus, -í, m. , _shoe_. Calefació, -facere, -fécí, -factus [caleó, _be hot_ + fació], _make hot_. Calor, -óris [caleó, _be hot_], m. , _heat_. Campus, -í, m. , _plain, field_. Cancer, cancrí, m. , _crab_. Canis, -is, m. And f. , _dog_. Cantó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of canó, _sing_], _sing_. Cantus, -ús [canó, _sing_], m. , _singing, song_. Capió, capere, cépí, captus, _take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt_. Captívus, -a, -um [capió], _captive_. Caput, capitis, n. , _head_. Carcer, -eris, m. , _prison_. Carmen, -minis [canó, _sing_], n. , _song, charm_. Caró, carnis, f. , _flesh_. Carpó, -ere, -sí, -tus, _pluck_. Castor, -oris, m. , _Castor_. Castra, -órum, n. Plur. , _camp_. Cású [abl. Of cásus], adv. , _by chance, accidentally_. Cásus, -ús [cadó], m. , _fall; chance, accident_. Caténa, -ae, f. , _chain_. Cauda, -ae, f. , _tail_. Causa, -ae, f. , _cause, reason_; abl. Causá, _for the sake of_. Caveó, cavére, cáví, cautus, _beware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of_. Celeber, celebris, celebre, _frequented; renowned, celebrated_. Celeritás, -tátis [celer, _swift_], f. , _swiftness, quickness, speed_. Celeriter [celer, _swift_], adv. , _swiftly, quickly_. Céló, -áre, -áví, -átus, _hide, conceal_. Céna, -ae, f. , _dinner_. Cénáculum, -í [céna], n. , _dining-room_. Cénaeum, -í, n. , _Cenaeum_ (a promontory of Euboea). Cénó, -áre, -áví, -átus [céna], _dine_. Cénseó, cénsére, cénsuí, cénsus, _think, believe, consider_. Centaurus, -í, m. , _centaur_. Centum, indecl. Adj. , _one hundred_. Cépheus, -í, m. , _Cepheus_. Cerberus, -í, m. , _Cerberus_. Ceres, Cereris, f. , _Ceres_. Cernó, cernere, créví, certus or crétus, _discern, perceive, make out_. Certámen, -minis [certó, _strive_], n. , _struggle, contest_. Certó [abl. Of certus], adv. , _with certainty, for certain, certainly_. Certus, -a, -um [part. Of cernó], _determined, fixed, certain_; certiórem facere, _to make more certain, inform_. Cervus, -í, m. , _stag_. Céterí, -ae, -a, plur. Adj. , _the other, the remaining, the rest of_. Charón, -ontis, m. , _Charon_. Cibus, -í, m. , _food_. Cingó, cingere, cinxí, cinctus, _surround, gird_. Circé, -és, f. , _Circe_. Circaeus, -a, -um [Circé], _of Circe_. Circiter, prep. With acc. And adv. , _about_. Circum, prep. With acc. , _around_. Circum-dó, -dare, -dedí, -datus, _put around, surround_. Circum-stó, -stáre, -stetí, _stand around_. Citerior, -ius [comp. From citrá, _on this side of_], adj. , _on this side, hither_. Cithara, -ae, f. , _cithara, lute, lyre_. Citharoedus, -í [cithara], m. , _citharoedus_ (one who sings to the accompaniment of the cithara). Cívis, -is, m. And f. , _citizen, fellow-citizen, subject_. Cívitás, -tátis [cívis], f. , _state_. Clámitó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of clámó, _call out_], _call out_. Clamor, -óris [clámó, _call out_], m. , _shout, cry_. Cláva, -ae, f. , _club_. Clémentia, -ae [cléméns, _merciful_], f. , _mercy, kindness_. Coepí, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action), _have begun, began_. Cógitó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _consider, think over_. Cógnóscó, -gnóscere, -gnóví, -gnitus [com- + (g)nóscó, _come to know_], _find out, learn_; in tenses of completed action, _have found out, know_. Cógó, cógere, coégí, coáctus [co- + agó], _drive together, collect; compel_. Co-hortor, -hortárí, -hortátus, _encourage, exhort_. Colchí, -órum, m. Plur. , _Colchians_. Colchis, -idis, f. , _Colchis_. Collum, -í, n. , _neck_. Coló, colere, coluí, cultus, _till, cultivate; inhabit; worship_. Color, -óris, m. , _color_. Columba, -ae, f. , _pigeon, dove_. Columna, -ae, f. , _column, pillar_. Comes, -itis [com- + eó], m. And f. , _companion_. Commeátus, -ús, m. , _supplies, provisions_. Com-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send together; commit, intrust; expose_; proelium committere, _to join battle_. Com-moror, -morárí, -morátus, _tarry, linger, delay, stay_. Com-moveó, -movére, -móví, -mótus, _move, rouse; disturb_. Com-mútátió, -tiónis, f. , _change_. Com-paró, -paráre, -paráví, -parátus, _prepare, collect_. Com-pelló, -pellere, -pulí, -pulsus, _drive together, drive_. Complector, -plectí, -plexus, _embrace_. Com-pleó, -plére, -pléví, -plétus, _fill full, fill up_. Com-plúrés, -plúra, plur. Adj. , _several, many_. Com-portó, -portáre, -portáví, -portátus, _carry_ or _bring together, collect_. Com-prehendó, -prehendere, -prehendí, -prehénsus, _seize, catch_. Comprimó, -primere, -pressí, -pressus [com- + premó], _press together, squeeze, compress_. Cónátus, -ús [cónor], m. , _attempt, effort_. Con-cédó, -cédere, -cessí, -cessus, _grant, yield_. Con-curró, -currere, -currí, -cursus, _run, rush_, or _dash together_. Con-dó, -dere, -didí, -ditus, _put together, found; store away_. Cón-feró, cónferre, contulí, conlátus, _bring together; grant, confer_; sé cónferre, _to betake oneself, make one's way_. Cónfició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [com- + fació], _make_ or _do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out_. Cón-fírmó, -fírmáre, -fírmáví, -fírmátus, _strengthen, establish; declare, assert_. Cón-flígó, -flígere, -flíxí, -flíctus, _dash together_. Conició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [com- + iació], _throw together; throw, cast, hurl_. Con-iungó, -iungere, -iúnxí, -iúnctus, _join together, join_. Coniúnx, coniugis [coniungó], m. And f. , _spouse, husband, wife_. Conligó, -ligere, -légí, -léctus [com- + legó], _gather together, collect_. Con-locó, -locáre, -locáví, -locátus, _place together, put, place_. Conloquium, -í [conloquor, _talk together_], n. , _conversation_. Cónor, -árí, -átus, _try, attempt_. Cónscendó, -scendere, -scendí, -scénsus [com- + scandó, _climb_], _climb_; návem cónscendere, _to climb the ship, go on board, embark_. Cónsénsus, -ús [cónsentió, _agree]_, m. , _agreement, consent_. Cón-sequor, -sequí, -secútus, _follow up, follow; overtake_. Cón-servó, -serváre, -serváví, -servátus, _preserve, keep_. Cón-sídó, -sídere, -sédí, -sessus, _sit down_. Cónsilium, -í [cónsuló], n. , _advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence_. Cón-sistó, -sistere, -stití, -stitus, _station oneself, take one's stand; consist_. Cónspectus, -ús [cónspició], m. , _sight_. Cónspició, -spicere, -spéxí, -spectus [com- + speció, _look_], _behold, perceive, see_. Cónstituó, -stituere, -stituí, -stitútus [com- + statuó], _set together_ or _up; appoint; determine_. Cón-stó, -stáre, -stití, -státúrus, _stand together, agree; consist_;cónstat, _it is agreed, is well known_. Cón-suéscó, -suéscere, -suéví, -suétus, _become accustomed_; in tenses of completed action, _have become accustomed, be accustomed_ or _wont_. Cónsuló, -ere, -uí, -tus, _consult_. Cón-súmó, -súmere, -súmpsí, -súmptus, _take completely, use up, consume, spend_. Con-tegó, -tegere, -téxí, -téctus, _cover_. Con-tendó, -tendere, -tendí, -tentus, _stretch, hasten_. Continéns, -entis [contineó], f. , _'mainland, continent_. Contineó, -tinére, -tinuí, -tentus [com- + teneó], _hold together, keep within, shut up in; bound_. Continuus, -a, -um [contineó], _continuous, successive_. Contrá, prep, with acc. , _against, contrary to_. Contróversia, -ae, f. , _quarrel, dispute, debate_. Con-venió, -veníre, -véní, -ventus, _come together, assemble_. Con-vertó, -vertere, -vertí, -versus, _turn round, turn, change_; in fugam convertere, _to put to flight_. Con-vocó, -vocáre, -vocáví, -vocátus, _call together, summon, assemble_. Co-orior, -orírí, -ortus, _arise_. Cópia, -ae, f. , _supply, abundance_; plur. , _forces, troops_. Corinthus, -í, m. , _Corinth_. Corium, -í, n. , _hide, leather_. Cornú, -ús, n. , _horn_. Corpus, corporis, n. , _body_. Corripió, -ripere, -ripuí, -reptus [com- + rapió], _seize, snatch, snatch up_. Cottídié, adv. , _daily, every day_. Crédibilis, -e [crédó], _credible_. Crédó, -dere, -didí, -ditus, _believe_. Creó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _elect, appoint_. Creón, -ontis, m. , _Creon_. Crepítus, -ús [crepó, _rattle_], m. , _rattle, clatter_. Crepundia, -órum [crepó, _rattle_], n. Plur. , _rattle_. Créta, -ae, f. , _Crete_. Cruciátus, -ús [crució, _torture_], m. , _torture_. Crúdélis, -e, _cruel_. Crús, crúris, n. , _leg_. Cubiculum, -í [cubó], n. , _bedroom_. Cubó, -áre, -uí, _lie down, lie, recline_. Culter, cultrí, m. , _knife_. Cum, prep, with abl. , _with_. Cum, conj. , _when, while, after; since; although_. Cúnae, -arum, f. Plur. , _cradle_. Cupiditás, -tátis [cupidus], f. , _desire, longing, eagerness_. Cupidus, -a, -um [cupió], _desirous, eager_. Cupió, -ere, -íví, -ítus, _desire, long for, wish_. Cúr, adv. , _why_. Curró, currere, cucurrí, cursus, run. Cursus, -ús, m. , _chariot_. Cursus, -ús [curró], m. , _running_, _course_. Custódió, -íre, -íví, -ítus [custós, _guard], guard_. Cyclóps, -is, m. , _Cyclops_Cyzicus, -í, f. , _Cyzicus_. 

D

damnum, -í, n. , _harm, injury_. Danaé, -és, f. , _Danae_. Dé, prep, with abl. , _down from_, _from, out of; about, concerning_, _of_. Débeó, -ére, -uí, -itus [dé+ habeó], _owe_; with infin. , _ought_. Débitus, -a, -um [part, of débeó], _owed, due_. Dé-cédó, -cédere, -cessí, -cessus, _go away, depart_. Decem, indecl. Adj. , _ten_. Décidó, -cidere, -cidí [dé + cadó], _fall down_. Decimus, -a, -um [decem], _tenth_. Décipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [dé + capió], _catch, deceive_. Decoró, -áre, -áví, -átus [decus, _adornment], adorn, distinguish_. Dé-curró, -currere, -cucurrí, -cursus, _run down_. Dé-decus, -decoris, n. , _dishonor_, _disgrace_. Dé-dó, -dere, -didí, -ditus, _give_ _away_ or _up_. Dé-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _lead down_ or _away, bring_; návem dédúcere, _to draw down_ or _launch a ship_. Dé-fendó, -fendere, -fendí, -fénsus, _ward off; defend_. Dé-feró, -ferre, -tulí, -látus, _bear_ or _carry away_ or _off_. Dé-fessus, -a, -um, _worn out_, _exhausted_. Défició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [dé + fació], _fail_. Déianíra, -ae, f. , _Dejanira_. Déició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [dé + iació], _throw down, cast, drive out of one's course_. Deinde, adv. , _then, next_. Dé-lábor, -lábí, -lapsus, _slip_ or _fall down_. Déligó, -ligere, -légí, -léctus [dé + legó], _choose out, choose, select_. Delphí, -órum, m. Plur. , _Delphi_. Delphicus, -a, -um [Delphí], _of Delphi, Delphic, Delphian_. Démissus, -a, -um [part. Of démittó], _downcast, dejected_. Dé-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send down, let fall_; animós démittere, _to lose courage_. Dé-mónstró, -mónstráre, -mónstráví, -mónstrátus, _point out, show; make known_. Démum, adv. , _at last_. Dénique, adv. , _lastly, finally_. Déns, dentis, m. , _tooth_. Dénsus, -a, -um, _thick_. Dé-pelló, -pellere, -pulí, -pulsus, _drive off_ or _away, drive_. Dé-plóró, -plóráre, -plóráví, -plórátus, _lament_. Dé-pónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus, _put down, deposit; lay aside, give up_; é memoriá dépónere, _to forget_. Déripió, -ripere, -ripuí, -reptus [dé + rapió], _snatch away, tear off, pull down_. Déscendó, -scendere, -scendí, -scénsus [dé + scandó], _climb down, descend_. Dé-seró, -serere, -seruí, -sertus, _desert_. Désertus, -a, -um [part, of déseró], _deserted_. Désíderium, -í [désíderó, _desire]_, n. , _desire, longing_. Désilió, -silíre, -siluí, -sultus [dé + salió], _leap down_. Dé-sistó, -sistere, -stití, -stitus, _set down; leave off, desist, cease, stop_. Dé-spéró, -spéráre, -spéráví, -spérátus, _despair_. Dé-super, adv. , _down from above_. Dé-terreó, -terrére, -terruí, -territus, _frighten off, deter_. Dé-trahó, -trahere, -tráxí, -tráctus, _draw_ or _pull off_. Deus, -í, m. , _god_. Dé-vertó, -vertere, -vertí, _turn away_ or _aside_. Dé-voró, -voráre, -voráví, -vorátus, _swallow down, swallow, devour_. Dexter, -tra, -trum, _right_. Dextra, -ae [dexter], f. , _right hand_ (manus understood). Diána, -ae, f. , _Diana_. Dícó, dícere, díxí, dictus, _say, speak_; diem dícere, _to appoint_ or _set a day_. Diés, -éí, m. And f. , _day_. Difficilis, -e [dis- + facilis], _not easy, difficult_. Difficultas, -tátis [difficilis], f. , _difficulty_. Diffundó, -fundere, -fúdí, -fúsus [dis- + fundó], _pour forth, spread_ or _shed abroad, diffuse_. Díligenter [díligéns, _careful_], adv. , _carefully, diligently_. Díligentia, -ae [díligéns, _careful_], f. , _care, diligence, industry_. Dí-lúcéscó, -lúcéscere, -lúxí, _grow light, dawn_. Dílúcidé [dílúcidus, _distinct_], adv. , _distinctly, plainly_. Dí-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send different ways, send forth_ or _away, despatch; let slip, lose_. Diomédés, -is, m. , _Diomedes_. Dírus, -a, -um, _dreadful_. Dis-cédó, -cédere, -cessí, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw, depart_. Discó, discere, didicí, _learn_. Discrímen, -críminis, n. , _crisis, peril, danger_. Discus, -í, m. , _discus, quoit_. Disició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [dis- + iació], _throw apart, scatter_. Diú, adv. , _for a long time, a long time_ or _while, long_; comp. Diútius, _longer_. Dí-velló, -vellere, -vellí, -vulsus, _tear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces_. Díversus, -a, -um [part. Of díverto], _turned different ways, opposite, contrary, different_. Dívidó, -videre, -vísí, -vísus, _divide, separate_. Dó, dare, dedí, datus, _give_. Doceo, -ére, -uí, -tus, _teach, explain_. Dolor, -óris [doleó, _be in pain_], m. , _pain, grief; anger_. Dolus, -í, m. , _trick, craft_. Domina, -ae, f. , _mistress_. Domus, -ús, f. , _house, home_. Dónum, -í [do], n. , _gift_. Dormió, -íre, -íví, _sleep_. Dracó, -ónis, m. , _dragon, serpent_. Dubitó, -áre, -áví, -átus [dubius], _doubt, hesitate_. Dubius, -a, -um, _doubtful, uncertain_. Dúcó, dúcere, dúxí, ductus [dux], _lead; make, dig_; with or without in mátrimónium, _marry_. Dúdum, adv. , _formerly, of old_; iam dúdum, _this long time_. Dulcédó, -inis [dulcis], f. , _sweetness_. Dulcis, -e, _sweet_. Dum, conj. , _while, as; as long as; until_. Duo, -ae, -o, plur. Adj. , _two_. Duodecim [duo + decem], indecl. Adj. , _twelve_. Duo-dé-vígintí, indecl. Adj. , _eighteen_. Dux, ducis, m. And f. , _leader, commander_. 

E

é, see ex. ébrius, -a, -um, _drunk_. é-dícó, -dícere, -díxí, -dictus, _declare, proclaim, appoint_. é-dó, -dere, -didí, -ditus, _put forth, give out, utter_. é-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _lead out, draw_. Effervéscó, -fervéscere, -ferbuí [ex + fervéscó], _boil up_ or _over, boil_. Effició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [ex + fació], _make_ or _work out, accomplish, effect_. Effló, -fláre, -fláví, -flátus [ex + fló], _breathe out_. Effugio, -fugere, -fúgí [ex + fugió], _flee out_ or _away, escape_. Effundó, -fundere, -fúdí, -fúsus [ex + fundó], _pour out_. Ego, meí, pers. Pron. , _I_. égredior, -gredí, -gressus [é + gradior], _go out_ or _forth, go ashore, disembark_. égregié [égregius, _excellent_], adv. , _excellently, splendidly, admirably_. Élis, -idis, f. , _Elis_. Elysius, -a, -um, _Elysian_. é-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send out_ or _forth_. Enim, conj. , _for_. é-núntió, -núntiáre, -núntiáví, -núntiátus, _speak out, announce, make known_. Eó, íre, ií, itus, _go_. Eó [is], adv. , _to that place, thither_. Equus, -í, m. , _horse_. éréctus, -a, -um [part, of érigó], _upright, erect_. Ergá, prep, with acc. , _toward, for_. Ergínus, -í, m. , _Erginus_. Éridanus, -í, m. , _Eridanus_. érigó, -rigere, -réxí, -réctus [é + regó], _raise_ or _set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage_. éripió, -ripere, -ripuí, -reptus [é + rapió], _snatch out_ or _away, rescue_. Erró, -áre, -áví, -átus, _wander, stray; be mistaken_. érudió, -rudíre, -rudíví, -rudítus, _instruct_. Erymanthius, -a, -um, _of Erymanthus, Erymanthian_. Erythía, -ae, f. , _Erythia_. Et, conj. , _and_; et . .. Et, _both . .. And_. Etiam [et + iam], adv. , _and now, also, too, even_. Et-sí, conj. , _even if, although_. Eunomus, -í, m. , _Eunomus_. Európa, -ae, f. , _Europe_. Eurylochus, -í, m. , _Eurylochus_. Eurystheus, -í, m. , _Eurystheus_. Eurytión, -ónis, m. , _Eurytion_. Eurytus, -í, m. , _Eurytus_. é-vádó, -vádere, -vásí, -vásus, _go forth, get away, escape_. é-vánéscó, -vánéscere, -vánuí, _vanish away_. é-venió, -veníre, -véní, -ventus, _come out; turn out, happen, befall_. é-vocó, -vocáre, -vocáví, -vocátus, _call out, challenge_. é-vomó, -vomere, -vomuí, -vomitus, _vomit forth_. Ex or é (the latter never used before words beginning with a vowel or _h_), prep. With abl. , _out of, from; of_. Ex-animó, -animáre, -animáví, -animátus, _put out of breath, fatigue, tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill_. Ex-árdéscó, -árdéscere, -ársí, -ársus, _blaze out, be inflamed, rage_. Ex-cédó, -cédere, -cessí, -cessus, _go out_ or _forth, depart_. Excipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [ex + capió], _take out_ or _up, receive, welcome, entertain_. Ex-citó, -citáre, -citáví, -citátus, _call out, arouse_. Ex-clámó, -clámáre, -clámáví, -clámátus, _cry out, exclaim_. Exclúdó, -clúdere, -clúsí, -clúsus [ex + claudó], _shut out, hinder, prevent_. Ex-cógitó, -cógitáre, -cógitáví, -cógitátus, _think out, contrive, devise, invent_. Ex-crució, -cruciáre, -cruciáví, cruciátus, _torture_. Ex-eó, -íre, -ií, -itus, _go out_. Exerceó, -ercére, -ercuí, -ercitus, _exercise_. Exercitátió, -ónis [exerceó], f. , _exercise_. Exercitus, -ús, m. , _army_. Ex-haurio, -hauríre, -hausí, -haustus, _drink up_ or _off, drain_. Exístimó, -ístimáre, -ístimáví, -ístimátus [ex + aestimo, _value], consider, believe, think_. Ex-orior, -orírí, -ortus, _arise from, spring up, rise_. Ex-pelló, -pellere, -pulí, -pulsus, _drive out, expel_. Ex-pió, -piáre, -piáví, -piátus, _expiate_. Explórátor, -óris [explóró], m. , _explorer, scout, spy_. Ex-plóró, -plóráre, -plóráví, -plórátus, _search out, explore_. Ex-pónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus, _put out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain_. Exprimó, -primere, -pressí, -pressus [ex + premó], _press out_. Exsilió, -silíre, -siluí [ex + salió], _leap out_ or _forth_. Exsilium, -í [exsul, _exile_], n. , _exile_. Ex-spectó, -spectáre, -spectáví, -spectátus, _look out for, wait for, await, expect; wait_. Ex-spíró, -spíráre, -spíráví, -spírátus, _breathe out_. Ex-struó, -struere, -strúxí, -strúctus, _pile_ or _heap up, build, erect_. Extempló, adv. , _immediately, straightway, at once_. Ex-trahó, -trahere, -tráxí, -tráctus, _draw_ or _drag out, release, rescue_. Extrémus, -a, -um, _last, extreme, furthest_. Exuó, -uere, -uí, -útus, _put_ or _take off_. 

F

faber, fabrí, m. , _smith_. Fabricor, -árí, -átus [faber], _make, fashion_. Fábula, -ae [for, _speak_], f. , _story_. Facile [facilis, _easy_], adv. , _easily_. Facinus, facinoris [fació], n. , _deed, crime_. Fació, facere, fécí, factus, _make, do_; iter facere, see iter. Facultás, -tátis [facilis, _easy_], f. , _possibility, opportunity, chance, means_. Falló, fallere, fefellí, falsus, _deceive_. Falsus, -a, -um [part. Of falló], _feigned, pretended, false_. Falx, falcis, f. , _sickle; curved sword, falchion_. Fáma, -ae [for, _speak_], f. , _report, rumor_. Famés, -is, abl. Famé, f. , _hunger_. Fár, farris, n. , _grain; meal_. Fátum, -í [part. Of for, _speak_], n. , _destiny, fate_. Faucés, -ium, f. Plur. , _throat_. Fax, facis, f. , _torch, firebrand_. Félíciter [félíx, _happy_], adv. , _happily, fortunately, successfully_. Fémina, -ae, f. , _woman_. Fera, -ae [ferus, _wild_], f. , _wild animal, beast_. Feré, adv. , _nearly, about, almost, for the most part_. Feró, ferre, tulí, látus, _bear, bring_. Feróx, -ócis [ferus, _wild_], adj. , _fierce, savage_. Ferreus, -a, -um [ferrum, _iron_], _of iron, iron_. Ferveó, -ére, _boil; glow, burn_. Fessus, -a, -um, _exhausted, worn out, weary_. Figúra, -ae, f. , _form, shape, figure_. Fília, -ae, f. , _daughter_. Fílius, -í, m. , _son_. Fingó, fingere, finxí, fictus, _invent, make up_. Fínis, -is, m. , _end, boundary; _ plur. , _borders, territory, country_. Fínitimus, -a, -um [fínis], _neighboring, adjoining_. Fíó, fierí, factus sum, _be done_ or _made, become, happen_. Flamma, -ae, f. , _flame_. Flúmen, -minis [fluó, _flow_], n. , _river_. Fóns, fontis, m. , _fountain, spring_. Forás [foris], adv. , _out of doors, forth, out_. Forís [foris], adv. , _out of doors, without_. Foris, -is, f. , _door_. Fórma, -ae, f. , _form, appearance; beauty_. Fórmósus, -a, -um [fórma], _beautiful_. Forte [fors, _chance_], adv. , _by chance, accidentally_. Fortis, -e, _brave_. Fortiter [fortis], adv. , _bravely_. Fortúna, -ae [fors, _chance_], f. , _fortune_. Fossa, -ae [part. Of fodió, _dig_], f. , _ditch, trench_. Frangó, frangere, frégí, fráctus, _break; dash to pieces, wreck_. Fráter, frátris, m. , _brother_. Fraus, fraudis, f. , _deception, fraud_. Fremitus, -ús [fremó, _roar_], m. , _roaring, roar_. Frénó, -áre, -áví, -átus [frénum, _bridle_], _bridle, restrain_. Fretum, -í, n. , _strait_. Fróns, frontis, f. , _forehead_. Frúctus, -ús [fruor, _enjoy_], m. , _enjoyment; fruit_. Frúmentor, -árí, -átus [frúmentum], _fetch grain, forage_. Frúmentum, -í [fruor, _enjoy_], n. , _grain_. Frústrá, adv. , _in vain_. Fuga, -ae, f. , _flight_. Fugió, fugere, fúgí, fugitúrus [fuga], _flee, run away_. Fúmus, -í, m. , _smoke_. Furor, -óris [furó, _rage_], m. , _rage, fury, frenzy, madness_. Fúrtum, -í [fúr, _thief_], n. , _theft_. 

G

galea, -ae, f. , _helmet_. Gallia, -ae, f. , _Gaul_. Gaudeó, gaudére, gávísus, _be glad, rejoice_. Gaudium, -í [gaudeó], n. , _gladness, joy_. Géns, gentis, f. , _race, nation_. Genus, generis, n. , _kind, nature_. Geró, gerere, gessí, gestus, _carry, wear; carry on, do_. Géryón, -onis, m. , _Geryon_. Gígnó, gígnere, genuí, genitus, _produce, bring forth_. Gladius, -í, m. , _sword_. Glaucé, -és, f. , _Glauce_. Glória, -ae, f. , _glory_. Gorgó, -onis, f. , _Gorgon_. Graeae, -árum, f. Plur. , _the Graeae_. Graecia, -ae [Graecus], f. , _Greece_. Graecus, -a, -um, _Greek_. Grátia, -ae [grátus], f. , _favor; gratitude, thanks_; plur. , _thanks_; grátiás agere, _to give thanks, thank_; grátiam referre, _to return a favor, show gratitude, requite_. Grátus, -a, -um, _pleasing, grateful_. Gravis, -e, _heavy; severe, grievous, serious_. Graviter [gravis], adv. , _severely, seriously_. Gubernó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _steer_. Gustó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _taste_. 

H

habeó, -ére, -uí, -itus, _have, hold; consider_. Habitó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of habeó], _dwell, inhabit_. Hádés, -ae, m. , _Hades_. Haereó, haerére, haesí, haesúrus, _stick; hesitate_. Haesitó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of haereó], _hesitate_. Hammón, -ónis, m. , _Hammon_. Haréna, -ae, f. , _sand; shore_. Harpýiae, -árum, f. Plur. , _Harpies_. Haud, adv. , _not at all, by no means, not_. Haudquáquam [haud + quisquam], adv. , _in no wise, not at all_. Haurió, hauríre, hausí, haustus, _draw_. Herba, -ae, f. , _herb, plant_. Herculés, -is, m. , _Hercules_. Hésioné, -és, f. , _Hesione_. Hesperidés, -um, f. Plur. , _the Hesperides_. Hesternus, -a, -um [herí, _yesterday_], _of yesterday, yesterday's_, hesternus diés, _yesterday_. Híc [híc], adv. , _here; hereupon_. Híc, haec, hóc, dem. Pron. , _this_; ille . .. Híc, _that . .. This, the former . .. The latter_. Hinc [híc], adv. , _from this place, hence_. Hippolyté, -és, f. , _Hippolyte_. Hispánia, -ae, f. , _Spain_. Homérus, í-, m. , _Homer_. Homó, hominis, m. , _man_. Honor, -óris, m. , _honor_. Hóra, -ae, f. , _hour_. Horribilis, -e [horreó, _shudder_], _dreadful, terrible, horrible_. Hortor, -árí, -átus, _exhort, encourage, urge_. Hortus, -í, m. , _garden_. Hospitium, -í [hospes, _host_], n. , _hospitality_. Hostis, -is, m. And f. , _enemy, foe_. Húc [híc], adv. , _to this place, hither_. Húmánus, -a, -um [homó], _of man, human_. Humí [loc. Of humus, _ground_], adv. , _on the ground_. Hydra, -ae, f. , _Hydra_. Hylás, -ae, m. , _Hylas_. 

I

iaceó, -ére, -uí, _lie, be prostrate_. Iació, iacere, iécí, iactus, _throw, cast, hurl_. Iam, adv. , _now, already_. Iánua, -ae, f. , _door_. Iásón, -onis, m. , _Jason_. Ibi [is], adv. , _in that place, there_. íctus, -ús [ícó, _strike_], m. , _blow_. ídem, eadem, idem [is], dem. Pron. , _the same_; sometimes to be translated _likewise, also_. Idóneus, -a, -um, _suitable, fit; favorable_. Igitur, conj. , _therefore_. ígnárus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + gnárus, _knowing_], _ignorant_. ígnávus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + gnávus, _active_], _lazy, cowardly_. ígnis, -is, m. , _fire_. ígnóró, -áre, -áví, -átus, _ be ignorant of_. ígnótus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + nótus], _unknown_. Ílias, -adis, f. , _the Iliad_. Ille, illa, illud, dem. Pron. , _that; he, she, it, they_; ille . .. Híc, see híc. Imber, imbris, m. , _rain, shower_. Imbuó, -buere, -buí, -bútus, _wet, soak, dip_. Immánitás, -tátis [immánis, _cruel_], f. , _cruelty, barbarity_. Immittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send_ or _let in_. Immoló, -moláre, -moláví, -molátus [in + mola], _sacrifice_ (the victim was sprinkled with consecrated meal). Impedió, -pedíre, -pedíví, -pedítus [in + pés], _hinder, prevent, impede_. Impelló, -pellere, -pulí, -pulsus [in + pelló], _drive_ or _urge on, incite, urge_. Imperátor, -óris [imperó], m. , _commander, general_. Imperátum, -í [part, of imperó], n. , _command, order_. Imperítus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + perítus], _inexperienced, unskilled, ignorant_. Imperium, -í [imperó], n. , _command; sway, rule_. Imperó, -peráre, -peráví, -perátus, _command, order, enjoin_. Impetró, -petráre, -petráví, -petrátus, _gain one's end, obtain_ (a request). Impetus, -ús [in + petó], m. , _attack_; impetum facere, _to charge_. Impónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus [in + pónó], _place_ or _lay upon, impose; embark_. Improbus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + probus, _upright_], _wicked_. In, prep, with acc. , _into, in, to, upon_; with abl. , _in, on_. Incidó, -cidere, -cidí [in + cadó], _fall into_ or _upon_. Inclúdó, -clúdere, -clúsí, -clúsus [in + claudó, _shut_], _shut up in, inclose, imprison_. Incola, -ae [incoló], m. And f. , _inhabitant_. In-coló, -colere, -coluí, _inhabit_. Incolumis, -e, _unhurt, safe_. In-commodum, -í, n. , _inconvenience_. In-crédibilis, e, _incredible_. In-dúcó, -dúcere, dúxí, -ductus, _lead in_ or _on, move, excite_. Induó, induere, induí, indútus, _put on; clothe_. In-eó, -íre, -ií, -itus, _go into, enter; adopt_. ínfandus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + ger. Of for, _speak_], _unspeakable, monstrous_. ínfáns, -fantis [in-, _not_ + part. Of for, _speak_], m. And f. , _infant, babe_. ínfectus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + part. Of fació], _not done, undone, unaccomplished_. ín-félíx, -félícis, adj. , _unhappy, unfortunate_. ínferí, -órum [ínferus, _below_], m. Plur. , _inhabitants of the underworld, the dead, the shades_. ínferó, ínferre, intulí, inlátus, _bring in_ or _against, wage against; inflict_. ínféstus, -a, -um, _unsafe, dangerous_. ínfició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [in + fació], _stain, dye_. ín-fundó, -fundere, -fúdí, -fúsus, _pour in_ or _upon_. Ingéns, -gentis, adj. , _huge, vast_. Inició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [in +iació], _throw in_ or _upon; cause, inspire_. Inimícus, -a, -um [in-, _not_ + amícus], _unfriendly, hostile_. Initium, -í [ineó], n. , _beginning_. Iniúria, -ae [in-, _not_ + iús], f. , _injury, wrong, hurt, harm_. Inluviés, -éí, f. , _dirt, filth_. Inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verb, _I say, you say, he says_. In-rídeó, -rídére, -rísí, -rísus, _laugh at, mock_. In-rumpó, -rumpere, -rúpí, -ruptus, _burst into_ or _in_. In-ruó, -ruere, -ruí, _rush in_. ínsánia, -ae [ínsánus, _mad_], f. , _madness, insanity_. ínsciéns, -scientis [in-, _not_ + part. Of sció], adj. , _unknowing, unaware_. ín-sequor, -sequí, -secútus, _follow upon_ or _up, pursue_. ínsidiae, -árum, f. Plur. , _ambush; plot, stratagem_. ínspergó, -spergere, -spersí, -spersus [in + spargó], _sprinkle on_ or _over_. ínspició, -spicere, -spéxí, -spectus [in + speció], _look into_ or _upon_. ínstituó, -stituere, -stituí, -stitútus [in + statuó], _decide upon, determine_. ín-struo, -struere, -strúxí, -strúctus, _build in_ or _into; draw up; equip, furnish_, ínsula, -ae, f. , _island_. Intellegó, -legere, -léxí, -léctus, _perceive, understand_. In-tendó, -tendere, -tendí, -tentus, _stretch out; stretch, draw, aim_. Inter, prep, with acc. , _among, between_. Intereá [inter], adv. , _in the meantime, meanwhile_. Interfició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [inter + fació], _put out of the way, kill_. Interior, -ius [comp. From inter], adj. , _interior, inner_. Inter-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -míssus, _leave off, interrupt; let pass; _ pass. , _be left between, intervene, elapse_. Inter-sum, -esse, -fuí, -futúrus, _be_ or _lie between_. Intervállum, -í, n. , _interval, space, distance_. Intrá [inter], prep. With acc. , _within_. Intró, -áre, -áví, -átus [intrá], _go within_ or _into, enter_. Introitus, -ús [introeó, _go within_], m. , _entrance_. In-tueor, -tuérí, -tuitus, _look upon, behold_. In-úsitátus, -a, -um, _unusual, extraordinary_. In-útilis, -e, _not useful, useless_. In-venió, -veníre, -véní, -ventus, _come upon, find_. Invító, -áre, -áví, -átus, _invite_. Invítus, -a, -um, _unwilling_. Ioláus, -í, m. , _Iolaus_. Iolé, -és, f. , _Iole_. Iovis, gen. Of Iuppiter. Íphiclés, -is, m. , _Iphicles_. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. , _self, himself, herself, itself, themselves_; often to be rendered by _very_. íra, -ae, f. , _anger, wrath_. íráscor, íráscí, írátus [íra], _be angry_. írátus, -a, -um [part, of íráscor], _angered, enraged, angry, furious_. Is, ea, id, dem. Pron. , _this, that; he, she, it, they_. Iste, ista, istud, dem. Pron. , _that of yours, that_. Ita [is], adv. , _in this manner, thus, so_; ita ut, _as_. Ítalia, -ae, f. , _Italy_. Ita-que, adv. , _and so, accordingly, therefore_. Iter, itineris [eó], n. , _a going, journey, march_; iter facere, _to journey, march_. Iterum, adv. , _again, a second time_. Ithaca, -ae, f. , _Ithaca_. Iubeó, iubére, iussí, iússus, _bid, order, command_. Iúcundus, -a, -um, _sweet, pleasant_. Iúdex, iúdicis [iús + dícó], m. , _judge_. Iugum, -í [iungó], n. , _yoke_. Iungó, iungere, iúnxí, iúnctus, _join; yoke, harness_. Iúnó, -ónis, f. , _Juno_. Iuppiter, Iovis, m. , _Jupiter_ or _Jove_. Iús, iúris, n. , _right, justice, law_; iús dícere, _to pronounce judgment_; iús iúrandum, iúris iúrandí [ger. Of iúró, _swear_], _oath_. Iússum, -í [part, of iubeó], n. , _order, command_. Iússus, -ús [iubeó], m. , _bidding, command_. Iústus, -a, -um [iús], _just_. Iuvenis, -is, m. , _young man, youth_. 

L

lábor, lábí, lapsus, _slip, glide, fall_. Labor, -óris, m. , _labor, toil_. Labóró, -áre, -áví, -átus [labor], _labor, toil_. Lác, lactis, n. , _milk_. Lacónia, -ae, f. , _Laconia_. Lacrima, -ae, f. , _tear_. Lacus, -ús, m. , _lake_. Laetitia, -ae [laetus, _joyful_], f. , _joy_. Lámenta, -órum, n. Plur. , _lamentation_. Láomedón, -ontis, m. , _Laomedon_. Lapis, -idis, m. , _stone_. Laqueus, -í, m. , _noose_. Lárísa, -ae, f. , _Larisa_. Lassitúdó, -inis [lassus, _weary_], f. , _weariness_. Lateó, -ére, -uí, _lie hid, be concealed_. Latró, -ónis, m. , _robber_. Látus, -a, -um, _broad, wide_. Légátus, -í [part. Of légó, _depute_], m. , _ambassador_. Lénis, -e, _gentle_. Leó, -ónis, m. , _lion_. Lernaeus, -a, -um, _of Lerna_, _Lernean_. Léthé, -és, f. , _Lethe_. Levis, -e, _light, slight_. Leviter [levis], adv. , _slightly_. Libenter [libéns, _willing_], adv. , _willingly, gladly_. Líberí, -órum [líber, _free_], m. Plur. , _children_. Líberó, -áre, -áví, -átus [líber, _free_], _set free, free, liberate, release_. Líbertás, -tátis [líber, _free_], f. , _freedom, liberty_. Libya, -ae, f. , _Libya, Africa_. Licet, -ére, -uit or -itum est, impers. , _is lawful_ or _permitted_. Lichás, -ae, m. , _Lichas_. Lígneus, -a, -um [lígnum], _of wood, wooden_. Lígnum, -í, n. , _wood_. Ligurés, -um, m. Plur. , _Ligurians_. Liguria, -ae [Ligurés], f. , _Liguria_. Límen, -minis, n. , _threshold; door_. Límus, -í, m. , _mud_. Linter, lintris, f. , _boat, skiff_. Linus, -í, m. , _Linus_. Lítus, lítoris, n. , _shore_. Locus, -í, m. , plur. Loca, -orum, n. , _place, situation_. Longé [longus], adv. , _far_. Longinquus, -a, -um [longus], _distant, remote_. Longus, -a, -um, _long; tedious_. Loquor, loquí, locútus, _speak_. Lótus, -í, f. , _lotus_. Lucrum, -í, n. , _gain_. Luctor, -árí, -átus, _wrestle, struggle_. Lúdus, -í, m. , _game, sport_. Lúmen, -minis, n. , _light_. Lúx, lúcis, f. , _light_. 

M

magicus, -a, -um, _magic_. Magis, comp. Adv. , _more, rather_. Magister, -trí [magis], m. , _master_. Mágnificé [mágnificus], adv. , _splendidly_. Mágnificentia, -ae [mágnificus], f. , _splendor, magnificence_. Mágnificus, -a, -um [mágnus + fació], _splendid, magnificent_. Mágnitúdó, -túdinis [mágnus], f. , _greatness, size_. Mágnopere [abl. Of mágnum opus], adv. , _greatly, very much, exceedingly; earnestly_. Mágnus, -a, -um, _large, big, great, mighty; loud_. Máior, máius, comp. Of mágnus. Male [malus], adv. , _badly, ill_. Máló, málle, máluí [magis + voló], _wish rather, prefer_. Malum, -í [malus], n. , _evil, mischief_. Malus, -a, -um, _bad_. Málus, -í, m. , _mast_. Mandó, -dáre, -dáví, -dátus [manus + -dó, _put_], _put in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command_. Máne, adv. , _in the morning, early in the morning_. Maneó, manére, mánsí, mánsus, _remain_. Mánés, -ium, m. Plur. , _spirit, shade_. Manus, -ús, f. , _hand_. Mare, maris, n. , _sea_. Marítus, -í, m. , _husband_. Márs, Mártis, m. , _Mars_. Máter, mátris, f. , _mother_. Mátrimónium, -í [máter], n. , _marriage_; in mátrimónium dúcere, _marry_. Mátúró, -áre, -áví, -átus [mátúrus, _ripe_], _ripen; hasten_. Máximé [máximus], adv. , _very greatly, exceedingly, especially_. Máximus, -a, -um, superl. Of mágnus. Médéa, -ae, f. , _Medea_. Medicámentum, -í [medicó, _heal_], n. , _drug; poison, potion_. Medicína, -ae [medicus, _physician_], f. , _art of healing, medicine_. Medius, -a, -um, _mid, middle_. Medúsa, -ae, f. , _Medusa_. Membrum, -í, n. , _limb, member_. Memoria, -ae [memor, _remembering_], f. , _memory_. Memoró, -áre, -áví, -átus [memor, _remembering_], _remind of, mention_. Mentió, -ónis, f. , _mention_. Mercátor, -óris [mercor, _trade_], m. , _trader, merchant_. Mercés, mercédis, f. , _pay, reward, wages_. Mercurius, -í, m. , _Mercury_. Mergó, mergere, mersí, mersus, _dip, plunge, sink_. Merídiánus, -a, -um [merídiés], _midday, noonday_; merídiánum tempus, _midday, noon_. Merídiés, -éí [medius + diés], m. , _midday, noon; south_. Meritus, -a, -um [part. Of mereó], _deserved, due, just_. Meus, -a, -um [ego, meí], _my, mine_. Míles, mílitis, m. , _soldier_. Mílitáris, -e [míles], _military, warlike_; rés mílitáris, _art of war, warfare_. Mílle, indecl. Adj. , _a thousand_; mília, -ium, n. Plur. , _thousands_;mília passuum, _thousands of paces, miles_. Minae, -árum, f. Plur. , _threats_. Minerva, -ae, f. , _Minerva_. Minimé [minimus, _least_], adv. , _least, very little; by no means, not at all_. Minimum [minimus, _least_], adv. , _very little, slightly_. Minitor, -árí, -átus [minae], _threaten_. Mínós, Mínóis, m. , _Minos_. Minus, comp. Adv. , _less_. Minyae, -árum, m. Plur. , _Minyae_. Míráculum, -í [míror], n. , _wonder, marvel, miracle_. Míror, -árí, -átus [mírus], _wonder, wonder at_. Mírus, -a, -um, _wonderful, strange_. Misceó, miscére, miscuí, míxtus, _mix, mingle_. Misericordia, -ae [misericors, _pitiful_], f;, _pity, compassion_. Mittó, mittere, mísí, missus, _send_. Modo [modus], adv. , _only_. Modus, -í, m. , _way, manner_. Moenia, -ium, n. Plur. , _walls_. Mola, -ae, f. , _meal_. Molestia, -ae [molestus, _annoying_], f. , _annoyance_. Moneó, -ére, -uí, -itus, _warn_. Móns, montis, m. , _mountain_. Mónstró, -áre, -áví, -átus [mónstrum], _point out, show_. Mónstrum, -í, n. , _wonder, monster_. Mora, -ae, f. , _delay_. Mordeó, mordére, momordí, morsus, _bite_. Morior, morí, mortuus, _die_. Moror, -árí, -átus [mora], _delay, linger, stay_. Mors, mortís [morior], f. , _death_. Mortális, -e [mors], _mortal_. Mortifer, -fera, -ferum [mors + feró], _death-bringing, deadly_. Mortuus, -a, -um [part. Of _morior_], _dead_. Mós, móris, m. , _way, manner, habit, custom_. Moveó, movére, móví, mótus, _move_. Mox, adv. , soon. Múgió, -íre, -íví, _low, bellow_. Múgítus, -ús [múgió], m. , _lowing, bellowing_. Mulier, mulieris, f. , _woman_. Multitúdó, -túdinis [multus], f. , _multitude_. Multó [multus], adv. , _by much_ or _far, much, far_. Multum, -í [multus], n. , _much_. Multum [multus], adv. , _much, greatly, far_. Multus, -a, -um, _much, great_; plur. , _many_. Múnió, -íre, -íví, -ítus [moenia], _fortify_. Múnus, múneris, n. , _service, office, duty; present, gift_. Múrus, -í, m. , _wall_. Música, -ae, f. , _music_. Mútó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of moveó], _change_. Mýsia, -ae, f. , _Mysia_. 

N

nactus, part. Of nancíscor. Nam, conj. , _for_. Nam-que, conj. , _for_. Nancíscor, nancíscí, nactus, _get, obtain, find_. Nárró, -áre, -áví, -átus, _tell, relate, narrate_. Nató, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of nó, _swim_], _swim, float_. Nátúra, -ae [náscor, _be born_], f. , _nature, character_. Nauta, -ae [návis], m. , _sailor_. Nauticus, -a, -um [nauta], _naval, nautical_. Návigátió, -ónis [návigó], f. , _sailing, navigation, voyage_. Návigó, -áre, -áví, -átus [návis + agó], _sail_. Návis, -is, f. , _ship_. -ne, enclitic introducing a question, untranslatable. Né, adv. , _not_; né . .. Quidem, _not . .. Even_; conj. , _that not, lest_. Nec, see neque. Necesse, indecl. Adj. , _necessary_. Necó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _put to death, slay, kill_. Neglegó, -legere, -léxí, -léctus [nec + legó, _gather_], _disregard, neglect_. Negó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _say no_ or _not, deny, refuse_. Negótium, -í [nec + ótium, _leisure_], n. , _business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty_. Nemeaeus, -a, -um, _of Nemea, Nemean_. Némó, néminis [ne-, _not_ + homó], m. And f. , _no one, nobody_. Nepós, nepótis, m. , _grandson_. Neptúnus, -í, m. , _Neptune_. Neque or nec [ne-, _not_ + -que], conj. , _and not, nor_; neque . .. Neque, _neither . .. Nor_; neque enim, _for . .. Not_. Nervus, -í, m. , _sinew, muscle_. Ne-sció, -scíre, -scíví, _not know, be ignorant_; nesció quis, _I know not who, some one or other_ (nesció is thus used with other interrogative words also). Nessus, -í, m. , _Nessus_. Neu, see néve. Neuter, neutra, neutrum [ne-, _not_ + uter], _neither_. Néve or neu [né + -ve, _or_], conj. , _and that not, and not, nor_. Niger, nigra, nigrum, _black_. Nihil, n. , indecl. , _nothing_. Nisi [ne-, _not_ + sí], conj. , _if not, unless_. Nix, nivis, f. , _snow_. Noctú [nox], adv. , _at_ or _by night_. Nocturnus, -a, -um [nox], _of night, nocturnal_; nocturnum tempus, _night-time_. Nóló, nólle, nóluí [ne-, _not_ + voló], _not wish, be unwilling_. Nómen, -minis [nóscó, _come to know_], n. , _name_ (that by which one is known). Nón, adv. , _not_. Nón-dum, adv. , _not yet_. Nón-ne, adv. , introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expected, _not_?nón-núllus, -a, -um, _not none, some, several_. Nós, plur. Of ego. Noster, -tra, -trum [nós], _our_. Nótus, -a, -um [part. Of nóscó, _come to know_], known, well-known, famous_. Novem, indecl. Adj. , _nine_. Novitás, -tátis [novus], f. , _newness, novelty_. Novus, -a, -um, _new_; novissimus, _last_. Nox, noctis, f. , _night_. Núbés, -is, f. , _cloud_. Núdus, -a, -um, _naked, bare_. Núllus, -a, -um [ne-, _not_ + úllus], _not any, none, no_. Num, adv. , introducing a question to which a negative answer is expected, untranslatable. Numerus, -í, m. , _number_. Nummus, -í, m. , _coin_. Numquam [ne-, _not_ + umquam, _ever_], adv. , _never_. Nunc, adv. , _now_. Núntió, -áre, -áví, -átus [núntius], _report, announce_. Núntius, -í [novus], m. , _messenger; message_. Núper [novus], adv. , _newly, lately, recently_. Núsquam [ne-, _not_ + úsquam, _anywhere_], adv. , _nowhere_. Nympha, -ae, f. , _nymph_. 

O

ob, prep. With acc. , _on account of, for_; in compounds, _to, against_. Obició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [ob + iació], _throw in the way_ or _to_. Ob-iúrgó, -iúrgáre, -iúrgáví, -iúrgátus, _chide, scold, reproach_. Ob-linó, -linere, -léví, -litus, _daub over, smear_. Oblítus, -a, -um [part. Of oblívíscor], _forgetful, unmindful_. Oblívíscor, -lívíscí, -lítus, _forget_. Obscúró, -scúráre, -scúráví, -scúrátus [obscúrus], _darken, hide, conceal_. Obscúrus, -a, -um, _dark_. Obsecró, -secráre, -secráví, -secrátus, _beseech, entreat_. Ob-seró, -serere, -séví, -situs, _sow, plant; cover, fill_. Obsideó, -sidére, -sédí, -sessus [ob + sedeó], _beset, besiege_. Ob-struó, -struere, -strúxí, -strúctus, _build against, block up_. Ob-testor, -testárí, -testátus, _call to witness; beseech, implore_. Obtineó, -tinére, -tinuí, -tentus [ob + teneó], _hold_. Obviam [ob + via], adv. , _in the way, opposite, face to face_; obviam fierí, _to meet_; obviam íre, _to go to meet_. Occásió, -ónis [occidó, _fall_], f. , _chance, opportunity_. Occásus, -ús [occidó, _fall_], m. _setting_. Occídó, -cídere, -cídí, -císus [ob + caedó, _cut_], _cut down, kill_. Occupó, -cupáre, -cupáví, -cupátus [ob + capió], _seize; fill_. Occurró, -currere, -currí, -cursus [ob + curró], _run against, meet_. Oceanus, -í, m. , _Oceanus, the ocean_. Oculus, -í, m. , _eye_. ódí, ódisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete action, _hate_. Odium, -í [ódí], n. , _hatred_. Odor, -óris, m. , _smell, odor_. Oechalia, -ae, f. , _Oechalia_. Oeneus, -í, m. , _Oeneus_. Oeta, -ae, f. , _Oeta_. Offendó, -fendere, -fendí, -fénsus, _offend_. Offeró, offerre, obtulí, oblátus [ob + feró], _bear to, proffer, offer_. Officína, -ae, f. , _workshop, smithy_. Officium, -í, n. , _service; duty_. ólim, adv. , _once upon a time, once, formerly, of old_. Olympus, -í, m. , _Olympus_. Omittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus [ob + mittó], _let go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose_. Omnínó [omnis], adv. , _altogether, wholly, entirely_. Omnis, -e, _all, every_. Oneró, -áre, -áví, -átus [onus, _load_], _load, burden_. Opera, -ae [opus], f. , _effort, work, labor_. Opínió, -ónis [opínor, _think_], f. , _opinion, expectation; reputation_. Oppidum, -í, n. , _town_. Opportúnus, -a, -um, _suitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune_. Opprimó, -primere, -pressí, -pressus [ob + premó], _press against, overpower, crush_. Optimus, -a, -um, superl. Of bonus. Opus, operis, n. , _work, task_. óráculum, -í [óró], n. , _oracle_. órátió, -ónis [óró], f. , _speech_; órátiónem habére, _to deliver an oration, speak_. Orbis, -is, m. , _circle_; orbis terrae or terrárum, _circle of the earth_ or _lands, earth, world_. Orcus, -í, m. , _Orcus, under-world_. órdó, órdinis, m. , _arrangement, order, rank_; ex órdine, _in order_. Orior, -írí, -tus, _arise, come forth, spring up_; ortá lúce, _at dawn_. órnó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _equip, adorn_. óró, -áre, -áví, -átus [ós], _speak; beg, pray_. Orpheus, -í, m. , _Orpheus_. ós, óris, n. , _mouth_. Ostendó, -tendere, -tendí, -tentus [ob + tendó], _stretch out before, show, explain_. óstium, -í [ós], n. , _mouth, doorway, door_. Ovis, -is, f. , _sheep_. 

P

pábulum, -í [páscó], n. , _food, fodder_. Paene, adv. , _almost, nearly_. Palaestra, -ae, f. , _wrestling-place, gymnasium_. Pálus, -í, m. , _stake_. Palús, -údis, f. , _swamp, marsh_. Parátus, -a, -um [part. Of paró], _prepared, equipped, ready_. Páreó, -ére, -uí, _obey_. Paró, -áre, -áví, -átus, _make ready, prepare_. Pars, partis, f. , _part, side, direction_. Parvus, -a, -um, _little, small_. Páscó, páscere, páví, pástus, _feed_. Passus, -ús [pandó, _stretch]_, m. , pace_; mília passuum, see mílle. Pástor, -tóris [páscó], m. , _shepherd_. Patefació, -facere, -fécí, -factus [pateó, _be open_ + fació], _throw_, or _lay open, open_. Pater, patris, m. , _father_. Patior, patí, passus, bear, _suffer, allow_. Patria, -ae [pater], f. , _fatherland, country_. Paucí, -ae, -a, plur. Adj. , _few_. Pauló [paulus, _little]_, adv. , _by a little, a little, somewhat_. Paulum [paulus, _little_], adv. , _a little, somewhat_. Pavor, -óris [payeó, _be terrified_], m. , _terror, panic_. Pectus, pectoris, n. , _breast_. Pecúnia, -ae [pecus], f. , _money_ (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times). Pecus, pecoris, n. , _herd, flock, cattle_. Pecus, pecudis, f. , _head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat_. Peliás, -ae, m. , _Pelias_. Pellis, -is, f. , _hide, skin, pelt_. Pelló, pellere, pepulí, pulsus, _drive, drive away, beat, rout_. Pendó, pendere, pependí, pénsus, _weigh out, pay_. Pénelopé, -és, f. , _Penelope_. Per, prep, with ace. , _through, by means of_. Percipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [per + capió], _feel_. Percutió, -cutere, -cussí, -cussus [per + quatió], _strike through, strike_. Per-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _lead_ or _bring through, lead, bring_. Peregrínus, -í, m. , _stranger, foreigner_. Perennis, -e [per + annus], _lasting throughout the year, perennial, perpetual_. Per-eó, -íre, -ii, -itúrus, _pass away, perish_. Per-feró, -ferre, -tulí, -látus, _bear through, bear, endure; weather_. Perfició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [per + fació], _do_ or _make through, accomplish_. Per-fló, -fláre, _blow through_ or _over_. Per-fodió, -fodere, -fódí, -fossus, _dig_ or _pierce through, transfix_. Perículum, -í, n. , _danger, peril, risk_. Per-lústró, -lústráre, -lústrávi, -lústrátus, _look over, examine, survey_. Per-maneó, -manére, -mánsi, -mánsus, _remain_. Perpetuus, -a, -um [per + petó], _continuous, perpetual_; in perpetuum, _for all time, forever_. Per-rumpó, -rumpere, -rúpí, -ruptus, _break_ or _burst through, break_. Per-scríbó, -scríbere, -scrípsí, scríptus, _write through_ or _in full, describe fully, recount_. Per-sequor, -sequí, -secútus, _follow up, pursue_. Perseus, -í, m. , _Perseus_. Per-solvó, -solvere, -solví, -solútus, _pay completely, pay_. Per-suádeó, -suádére, -suási, -suásus, _persuade, prevail upon, induce_. Per-terreó, -terrére, -terrui, -territus, _thoroughly frighten, terrify_. Per-turbó, -turbáre, -turbávi, -turbátus, _greatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion_. Per-venió, -veníre, -véní, -ventus, _come through, come, arrive, reach_. Pés, pedis, m. , _foot_. Petó, -ere, -íví or -ií, -ítus, _seek, ask; attack_. Phásis, -idis, m. , _Phasis_. Phíneus, -í, m. , _Phineus_. Pholus, -í, m. , _Pholus_. Phrixus, -í, m. , _Phrixus_. Pinguis, -e, _fat_. Piscátor, -tóris [piscor, _fish_], m. , _fisherman_. Plausus, -ús [plaudó, _clap_], m. , _applause_. Plúrés, -a [comp. Of multus], plur. Adj. , _more, many, several_. Plúrimus, -a, -um, superl. Of multus. Plútó, -ónis, m. , _Pluto_. Póculum, -í [pótó, _drink_], n. , _cup_. Poena, -ae, f. , _penalty, punishment_. Poéta, -ae, m. , _poet_. Polliceor, -licérí, -licitus, _promise_. Polydectés, -is, m. , _Polydectes_. Polyphémus, -í, m. , _Polyphemus_. Pómum, -í, n. , _fruit, apple_. Pondus, ponderis [pendó], n. , _weight_. Pónó, pónere, posuí, positus, _place, put_; póní with in and abl. , _to be placed in, rest_ or _depend on_. Póns, pontis, m. , _bridge_. Porcus, -í, m. , _pig, hog, swine_. Porta, -ae, f. , _gate; door_. Portus, -ús, m. , _harbor, haven, port_. Póscó, póscere, popóscí, _ask, demand_. Possideó, -sidére, -sédí, -sessus, _hold, possess_. Possum, posse, potuí [potis, _able_ + sum], _be able, have power, can_. Post, adv. , _after, later_; prep. With acc. , _after, behind_. Posteá [post], adv. , _after this, afterwards_. Posterus, -a, -um [post], _following, next_. Post-quam, conj. , _later than, after, when_. Postrémus, -a, -um [superl. Of posterus], _last_. Postrídié [posterus + diés], adv. , _the day after, the next day_. Postuló, -áre, -áví, -átus, _ask, request, demand_. Potior, -írí, -ítus [potis, _able_], _become master of, get possession of_. Prae-acútus, -a, -um, _sharp at the end, pointed, sharp_. Praebeó, -ére, -uí, -itus [prae, _before_ + habeó], _hold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit_. Prae-caveó, -cavére, -cáví, -cautus, _beware beforehand, beware, be on one's guard_. Praecipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [prae, _before_ + capió], _take beforehand, anticipate; order, charge_. Praecipué [praecipuus, _especial_], adv. , _especially_. Prae-clárus, -clára, -clárum, _very bright; splendid, remarkable, famous_. Praeda, -ae, f. , _booty, spoil, plunder_. Prae-dícó, -dícere, -díxí, -dictus, _say beforehand, foretell, predict_. Praedor, -árí, -átus [praeda], _plunder_. Praemium, -í, n. , _reward_. Praeséns, -sentis [part. Of praesum], adj. , _present, immediate, imminent_. Praesentia, -ae [praeséns], f. , _the present_. Praeses, praesidis, m. , _protector_. Praesidium, -í [praeses], n. , _protection; guard, escort_. Praestáns, -stantis [part. Of praestó], adj. , _preëminent, remarkable_. Prae-stó, -stáre, -stití, -stitus, _stand in front; show_. Prae-sum, -esse, -fuí, _be before, preside over, have charge of, command_. Praeter [prae, _before_], prep. With acc. , _before, past, by; besides, except_. Praetereá [praeter], adv. , _besides this, besides, moreover_. Praeter-eó, -íre, -ií, -itus, _pass by_. Precés, -um, f. Plur. , _prayer, entreaty_. Prehendó, -hendere, -hendí, -hénsus, _seize_. Premó, premere, pressí, pressus, _press, check, restrain_. Pretium, -í, n. , _price, charge_. Prímó [prímus], adv. , _at first_. Prímum [prímus], adv. , _first, in the first place_. Prímus, -a, -um [superl. From pró], _first, foremost_. Prístinus, -a, -um [prius], _former_. Prius [prior, _former_], adv. , _before, first_. Prius-quam, conj. , _before than, sooner than, before_. Pró, prep. With abl. , _before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for_. Procul, adv. , _at_ or _from a distance, far_. Proelium, -í, n. , _battle, combat_; proelium committere, _to join battle_. Profectió, -ónis [proficíscor], f. , _departure, start_. Proficíscor, -ficíscí, -fectus [prófició, _make progress_], set out, depart, start, march_. Prógredior, -gredí, -gressus [pró + gradior], _go forward, advance_. Prohibeó, -hibére, -hibuí, -hibitus [pró + habeó], _hold back, prevent, hinder_. Próició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [pró + iació], _throw forth_ or _down, cast away, throw_. Pró-mittó, -mittere, -mísí, -missus, _send_ or _put forth, promise_. Prómó, prómere, prómpsí, prómptus [pró + emó], _take_ or _bring out, produce_. Prómunturium, -í, n. , _headland, promontory_. Properó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _hasten_. Pró-pónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus, _put_ or _set before, offer, propose; set forth, say_. Propter, prep. With acc. , _on account of, because of_. Próra, -ae, f. , _prow, bow_. Pró-sequor, -sequí, -secútus, _follow forward, follow_. Próserpina, -ae, f. , _Proserpina, Proserpine_. Pró-sternó, -sternere, -stráví, -strátus, _strew_ or _spread before, throw_ or _knock down_. Pró-sum, pródesse, prófuí, _be of advantage, profit, avail, assist_. Pró-vehó, -vehere, -vexí, -vectus, _carry forward_. Pró-vocó, -vocáre, -vocáví, -vocátus, _call forth_ or _out, challenge_. Proximus, -a, -um [superl. From prope, _near_], _nearest, next_. Prúdentia, -ae [prúdéns, _prudent_], f. , _prudence_. Puella, -ae [puer], f. , _girl, maiden_. Puer, puerí, m. , _boy_. Pueritia, -ae [puer], f. , _boyhood_. Púgna, -ae, f. , _fighting, battle, combat_. Púgnó, -áre, -áví, -átus [púgna], _fight_. Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, _beautiful_. Pulsó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of pelló], _push_ or _strike against, knock, knock at_. Punctum, -í [pungó, _prick_], n. , _point, instant, moment_. Púrgó, -áre, -áví, -átus [púrus, _clean_ + agó], _make clean, clean, cleanse_. Putó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _think_. Pýthia, -ae, f. , _Pythia_. 

Q

quá [quí], adv. , _in which place, where_. Quaeró, quaerere, quaesíví, quaesítus, _seek; ask, inquire_. Quális, -e, _of what sort? what kind of_?quam [quis and quí], adv. , _how? as; than_; with superl. , _as . .. As possible_. Quam-quam, conj. , _however much, although_. Quantum [quantus], adv. , _how much? how_?quantus, -a, -um, _how great_ or _much_?quartus, -a, -um [quattuor], _fourth_. Quasi [quí + sí], conj. , _as if_. Quattuor, indecl. Adj. , _four_. -que, enclitic conj. , _and_. Quí, quae, quod, rel. Pron. , _who, which_. Quí, quae, quod, interrog. Pron. Adj. , _what_?quídam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. Pron. , _a certain, certain_. Quidem, adv. , _in fact, indeed, certainly_; né . .. Quidem, _not . .. Even_. Quiés, quiétis, f. , _rest, repose_. Quín, conj. , _so that . .. Not, but that, but_. Quínquágintá [quínque, _five_], indecl. Adj. , _fifty_. Quíntus, -a, -um [quínque, _five_], _fifth_. Quis, quid, interrog. Pron. , _who? which? what_?quis, qua, quid, indef. Pron. , _any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something_. Quis-nam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. Pron. , _who, which_, or _what, pray? who? which? what_?quis-quam, quicquam, indef. Pron. , _any one, anything_. Quis-que, quaeque, quidque, indef. Pron. , _each_. Quó [quis and quí], adv. , _to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore_; quó úsque, _till when? how long_?quod [quí], conj. , _that, in that, because_. Quoniam [cum + iam], conj. , _since now, since_. Quoque [quí + -que], adv. , _also_. Quotannís [quot, _how many_ + annus], adv. , _every year, yearly, annually_. Quotiéns [quot, _how many_, adv. , _as often as_. 

R

rámus, -í, m. , _branch, bough_. Rapió, -ere, -uí, -tus, _seize, snatch_. Ratió, -ónis [reor, _think_], f. , plan, means, method, manner_. Recipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [re- + capió], _take_ or _get back, recover_; sé recipere, _to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover_. Re-creó, -creáre, -creáví, -creátus, _make anew, renew, refresh_. Réctus, -a, -um [part. Of regó, _direct_], _direct, straight_. Re-cumbó, -cumbere, -cubuí, _lie back_ or _down_. Recuperó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _recover_. Recúsó, -cúsáre, -cúsáví, -cúsátus [re- + causa], _give a reason against, refuse_. Reddó, -dere, -didí, -ditus [re- + dó], _give back, return, restore; render_. Redeó, -íre, -ií, -itus [re- + eó], _go back, return_. Redintegró, -integráre, -integráví, -integrátus [re- + integró, _make whole_], _make whole again, renew_. Reditus, -ús [redeó], m. , _return_. Re-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _lead_ or _bring back; restore_. Re-feró, referre, rettulí, relátus, _bring_ or _carry back, return_; pedem referre, _to draw back, retire, retreat_; grátiam referre, see grátia. Refició, -ficere, -fécí, -fectus [re- + fació], _make anew, renew, repair_. Re-fugió, -fugere, -fúgí, _flee back, run away, retreat_. Re-fulgeó, -fulgére, -fulsí, _flash back, shine_. Régia, -ae [régius, _royal_], f. , _palace_. Régína, -ae [réx], f. , _queen_. Regió, -ónis [regó, _direct_], f. , _direction; country, region_. Régnó, -áre, -áví, -átus [régnum], _reign, rule_. Régnum, -í [réx], n. , _royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm_. Regredior, -gredí, -gressus [re- + gradior], _go back, return_. Re-linquó, -linquere, -líquí, -lictus, _leave behind, leave_. Reliquus, -a, -um [relinquó], _left, the remaining, the other, the rest of_. Remedium, -í [re- + medeor, _heal_], n. , _remedy_. Rémigó, -áre [rémex, _rower_], _row_. Re-moveó, -movére, -móví, -mótus, _move back, remove_. Rémus, -í, m. , _oar_. Re-núntió, -núntiáre, -núntiáví, -núntiátus, _bring back word, report, announce_. Re-pelló, repellere, reppulí, repulsus, _drive back_ or _away, repulse, repel_. Reperió, reperíre, repperí, repertus, _find, discover_. Repertor, -óris [reperió], m. , _discoverer, inventor_. Re-pleó, -plére, -pléví, -plétus, _fill again_ or _up, fill_. Re-pónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus, _put_ or _set back; store up_ or _away_. Re-portó, -portáre, -portáví, -portátus, _carry_ or _bring back_. Re-púgnó, -púgnáre, -púgnáví, -púgnátus, _fight against, struggle, resist_. Rés, reí, f. , _thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation_; ré vérá, _in truth, in fact, really_. Re-sistó, -sistere, -stití, _stand back, resist_. Re-spíró, -spíráre, -spíráví, -spírátus, _breathe back_ or _out, breathe_. Re-spondeó, -spondére, -spondí, -spónsus, _reply, answer_. Respónsum, -í [part. Of respondeó], n. , _reply, answer, response_. Restituó, -stituere, -stituí, -stitútus [re- + statuó], _set up again, put back, restore_. Retineó, -tinére, -tinuí, -tentus [re- + teneó], _hold_ or _keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast_. Revertor, -vertí, -versus, perf. Act. -vertí [re- + vertó], _turn back, return_. Réx, régis [regó, _direct_], m. , _king_. Rhadamanthus, -í, m. , _Rhadamanthus_. Rídeó, rídére, rísí, rísus, _laugh_. Rípa, -ae, f. , _bank_. Ríte [rítus, _rite]_, adv. , _duly, fitly_. Róbur, róboris, n. , _oak_. Rogó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _ask_. Rogus, -í, m. , _funeral pile, pyre_. Róma, -ae, f. , _Rome_. Róstrum, -í [ródó, _gnaw_], n. , _beak_. Ruó, -ere, -í, -itúrus, _rush_. Rúpés, -is, f. , _rock, cliff; reef_. Rúrsus [for reversus, part, of revertor], adv. , _again_. 

S

saccus, -í, m. , _bag, sack_. Sacerdós, -dótis [sacer, _holy_ + dó], m. And f. , _priest, priestess_. Sacrificium, -í [sacrifice], n. , _sacrifice_. Sacrificó, -áre, -áví, -átus [sacer, _holy_ + fació], _sacrifice_. Saepe, adv. , _often, frequently_. Saevus, -a, -um, _fierce, savage_. Sagitta, -ae, f. , _arrow_. Sál, salis, m. , _salt_. Salmydéssus, -í, m. , _Salmydessus_. Salsus, -a, -um [sál], _salted, salt_. Salús, salútis [salvus, _safe_], f. , _safety, deliverance, escape_. Sánctus, -a, -um [part, of sanció, _make sacred_], _consecrated, sacred_. Sanguis, sanguinis, m. , _blood_. Sánitás, -tátis [sánus, _sound_], f. , _soundness; right reason, sanity_. Satis, adv. , _enough, sufficiently_. Saxum, -í, n. , _rock, stone_. Scapha, -ae, f. , _boat, skiff_. Scelus, sceleris, n. , _wickedness, crime_. Scientia, -ae [sció], f. , _knowledge, skill_. Sció, -íre, -íví, -ítus, _know_. Scríbó, scríbere, scrípsí, scríptus, _write_. Scútum, -í, n. , _shield_. Sé-cédó, -cédere, -cessí, -cessus, _go apart, withdraw_. Secundus, -a, -um [sequor], _following, favorable_. Sed, conj. , _but_. Sedeó, sedére, sédí, sessus, _sit_. Sédés, -is [sedeó], f. , _seat, abode_. Sémentis, -is [semen, _seed_], f. , _seeding, sowing_. Semper, adv. , _always_. Senex, senis, m. , _old man_. Sententia, -ae [sentió], f. , _opinion; purpose_. Sentió, sentíre, sénsí, sénsus, _perceive, feel_. Sepelió, sepelíre, sepelíví, sepultus, _bury_. Septimus, -a, -um [septem, _seven_], _seventh_. Sepultúra, -ae [sepelió], f. , _burial_. Sequor, sequí, secútus, _follow_. Seríphus, -í, f. , _Seriphos_. Sermó, -ónis [seró, _interweave_], m. , _conversation, talk, speech_. Seró, serere, séví, satus, _sow, plant_. Serpéns, -entis [part, of serpó, _crawl_], f. , _serpent_. Servió, -ire, -íví, -ítus [servus], _be subject to, serve_. Servitús, -tútis [servus], f. , _slavery, servitude_. Servó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _save, preserve_. Servus, -í, m. , _slave, servant_. Sí, conj. , _if_. Síc, adv. , _so, thus_. Sicilia, -ae, f. , _Sicily_. Sígnum, -í, n. , _sign, signal_. Silva, -ae, f. , _wood, forest_. Simul, adv. , _at the same time_; simul atque or ac, _as soon as_. Sine, prep. With abl. , _without_. Sinister, -tra, -trum, _left_. Sinistra, -ae [sinister], f. , _left hand_ (manus understood). Sinus, -ús, m. , _bosom, lap_. Situs, -a, -um [part. Of sinó], _placed, situated_. Sí-ve or seu, conj. , _or if_; síve . .. Síve, _whether . .. Or_. Socius, -í [sequor], m. , _companion, comrade, ally_. Sól, sólis, m. , _sun_. Solium, -í [sedeó], n. , _seat, throne_. Sollicitúdó, -túdinis [sollicitus], f. , _anxiety, care, apprehension_. Sollicitus, -a, -um, _troubled, anxious_. Sólus, -a, -um, _alone_. Solvó, solvere, solví, solútus, _loosen, unbind, release; pay_; with or without návem, _cast off, set sail, put to sea_. Somnus, -í, m. , _sleep, drowsiness_. Sonitus, -ús [sonó, _sound_], m. _sound, noise_. Sonórus, -a, -um [sonó, _sound_], _sounding, loud, noisy_. Soror, -óris, f. , _sister_. Sors, sortis, f. , _lot_. Sortior, -írí, -ítus [sors], _cast_ or _draw lots_. Spargó, spargere, sparsí, sparsus, _scatter, sprinkle_. Spatium, -í, n. , _space, interval; space of time, time_. Speciés, -éí [speció, _look_], f. , _sight, appearance, shape_. Spectátor, -óris [spectó], m. , _looker-on, spectator_. Spectó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of speció, _look_], _look at_ or _on_. Speculum, -í [speció, _look_], n. , _looking-glass, mirror_. Spélunca, -ae, f. , _cave, cavern_. Spernó, spernere, spréví, sprétus, _despise, scorn_. Spéró, -áre, -áví, -átus [spés], _hope_. Spés, speí, f. , _hope_. Sponte, f. Abl. Sing. , modified by meá, tuá, suá, _of one's own accord, voluntarily_. Squálor, -óris [squáleó, _be dirty_], m. , _dirt, filth_. Stabulum, -í [stó], n. , _standing-place, stall, stable, inclosure_. Statim [stó], adv. , _on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately_. Statuó, statuere, statuí, statútus [stó], _cause to stand; decide, resolve_. Stípendium, -í, n. , _tax, tribute_. Stó, stáre, stetí, status, _stand_. Stringó, stringere, strinxí, strictus, _draw, unsheathe_. Studeó, -ére, -uí, _be eager, give attention, apply oneself_. Studiósus, -a, -um [studium], _eager, diligent, studious_. Studium, -í [studeó], n. , _eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit_. Stupeó, -ére, -uí, _be stunned, astounded_, or _amazed_. Stymphálus, -í, m. , _Stymphalus_. Stymphális, -idis [Stymphálus], adj. , _of Stymphalus, Stymphalian_. Styx, Stygis, f. , _Styx_. Suávis, -e, _sweet, pleasant_. Sub, prep. With acc. And abl. , _under_; sub vesperum, _towards evening_. Sub-dó, -dere, -didí, -ditus, _put under, apply_. Sub-dúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus, _draw up, beach_. Sub-eó, -íre, -ií, -itus, _go under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure_. Subició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [sub + iació], _throw_ or _place under_. Subitó [subitus, _unexpected_], adv. , _unexpectedly, suddenly_. Sub-levó, -leváre, -leváví, -levátus, _lift from beneath, lift, raise_. Sub-mergó, -mergere, -mersí, -mersus, _plunge under, sink, overwhelm_. Subsidium, -í [sub + sedeó], n. , _reserve, reinforcement, support, help_. Succédó, -cédere, -cessí, -cessus [sub + cédó], _go_ or _come under, follow after, succeed_. Succendó, -cendere, -cendí, -cénsus, _kindle beneath, set on fire_. Succídó, -cídere, -cídí, -císus [sub + caedó], _cut below_ or _down_. Súcus, -í, m. , _juice_. Suí, sibi, sé or sésé, reflexive pron. , _himself, herself, itself, themselves_. Sum, esse, fuí, futúrus, _be_. Summus, -a, -um [superl. Of superus, _upper_], _uppermost, highest, greatest_. Súmó, súmere, súmpsí, súmptus [sub + emó], _take under_ or _up, take_; poenam súmere, _to exact_ or _inflict punishment_. Superior, -ius [comp. Of superus, _upper_], adj. , _higher; former, previous, preceding_. Superó, -áre, -áví, -átus [superus, _upper_], _overcome, defeat, conquer_. Super-sum, -esse, -fuí, _be over_ or _left, remain_. Supplicium, -í [supplex, _kneeling_], n. , _punishment, torture_. Suppónó, -pónere, -posuí, -positus [sub + pónó], _place_ or _put under_. Suprá [superus, _upper_], adv. And prep. With acc. , _above, before_. Suprémus, -a, -um [superl. Of superus, _upper_], _highest, last_. Suscipió, -cipere, -cépí, -ceptus [sub + capió], _undertake_. Suspendó, -pendere, -pendí, -pénsus [sub + pendó], _hang up, hang_. Suspíció, -ónis [suspició, _look askance at_], f. , _suspicion_. Suspicor, -spicárí, -spicátus [suspició, _look askance at_], _suspect_. Sustineó, -tinére, -tinuí, -tentus [sub + teneó], _hold_ or _bear up, sustain, withstand_. Suus, -a, -um [suí], _his, her, its_, or _their own; his, her, its, their_. Symplégadés, -um, f. Plur. , _the Symplegades_. 

T

taceó, -ére, -uí, -itus, _be silent_. Tacitus, -a, -um [part. Of taceó], _silent_. Taenarus, -í, m. , _Taenarus_. Tálária, -ium [tálus, _ankle_], n. Plur. , _winged shoes_. Tális, -e, _such_. Tam, adv. , _so_. Tamen, adv. , _however, yet, nevertheless_. Tandem, adv. , _at length_ or _last, finally_. Tangó, tangere, tetigí, táctus, _touch_. Tantum [tantus], adv. , _so much_ or _far, only_. Tantus, -a, -um, _so great_ or _much_. Tartarus, -í, m. , _Tartarus_. Taurus, -í, m. , _bull_. Tegó, tegere, téxí, téctus, _cover_. Télum, -í, n. , _missile, spear, weapon_. Temeré, adv. , _rashly_. Tempestás, -tátis [tempus], f. , _weather; storm, tempest_. Templum, -í, n. , _sanctuary, temple_. Temptó, -áre, -áví, -átus, _try, attempt_. Tempus, temporis, n. , _time, season_. Teneó, -ére, -uí, -tus, _hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop_. Tenuis, -e, _thin_. Tergum, -í, n. , _back_. Terra, -ae, f. , _land, earth_. Terreó, -ére, -uí, -itus, _frighten, terrify_. Terribilis, -e [terreó], _dreadful, terrible_. Terror, -óris [terreó], m. , _terror, fright_. Tertium [tertius], adv. , _the_ or _a third time_. Tertius, -a, -um [trés], _third_. Texó, -ere, -uí, -tus, _weave_. Thébae, -árum, f. Plur. , _Thebes_. Thébání, -órum [Thébae], m. Plur. , _Thebans_. Thermódón, -ontis, m. , _Thermodon_. Théseus, -í, m. , _Theseus_. Thessalia, -ae, f. , _Thessaly_. Thrácia, -ae, f. , _Thrace_. Tiberis, -is, m. , _Tiber_. Timeó, -ére, -uí, _fear_. Timor, -óris [timeó], m. , _fear_. Tingó, tingere, tinxí, tinctus, _wet, soak, dye_. Tíryns, Tírynthis, f. , _Tiryns_. Tolló, tollere, sustulí, sublátus, _lift, raise; take away, remove_; ancorás tollere, _to weigh anchor_. Torqueó, torquére, torsí, tortus, _turn_. Tótus, -a, -um, _all the, the whole_ or _entire_. Tráctó, -áre, -áví, -átus [freq. Of trahó], _handle, touch, feel_. Trádó, -dere, -didí, -ditus [trans + do], _give across, over_, or _up, deliver; hand down, relate, report_. Trádúcó, -dúcere, -dúxí, -ductus [tráns + dúcó], _lead across_. Trahó, trahere, tráxí, tráctus, _draw, drag_. Tráició, -icere, -iécí, -iectus [tráns + iació], _throw across, strike through, pierce_. Tráiectus, -ús [tráició], m. , _crossing over, passage_. Tránó, -náre, -náví [tráns + nó, _swim_], _swim across_ or _over_. Tranquillitás, -tátis [tranquillus], f. , _calm_. Tranquillus, -a, -um, _calm_. Tráns, prep. With acc. , _across, over_. Tráns-eó, -íre, -ií, -itus, _go across_ or _over, cross_. Tráns-fígó, -fígere, -fíxí, -fíxus, _thrust_ or _pierce through, transfix_. Tráns-portó, -portáre, -portáví, -portátus, _carry across_ or _over, transport_. Tráns-vehó, -vehere, -vexí, -vectus, _carry across_ or _over_. Trés, tria, plur. Adj. , _three_. Tribútum, -í [part. Of tribuó, _contribute_], n. , _contribution, tribute_. Trístitia, -ae [trístis, _sad_], f. , _sadness_. Tróia, -ae, f. , _Troy_. Tróiání, -órum [Tróia], m. Plur. , _Trojans_. Tú, tuí, pers. Pron. , _thou, you_. Tum, adv. , _then, at that time_. Turbó, -áre, -áví, -átus [turba, _confusion_], _confuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble_. Turbó, turbinis [turbó], m. , _whirlwind, hurricane_. Turpis, -e, _disgraceful_. Tútus, -a, -um [part. Of tueor, _watch over_], _safe_. Tuus, -a, -um [tú], _thy, thine, your_. 

U

ubi, adv. , _where_; conj. , _when_. Ulcíscor, ulcíscí, ultus, _avenge_. úllus, -a, -um, _any_. últerior, -ius [comp. From últrá, _beyond_], adj. , _farther_. Ulixés, -is, m. , _Ulysses_. Umbra, -ae, f. , _shadow, shade_. Umerus, -í, m. , _shoulder_. Umquam, adv. , _ever_. Unda, -ae, f. , _wave_. Unde, adv. , _whence_. úndecimus, -a, -um [úndecim, _eleven_], _eleventh_. Undique [unde + -que], adv. , _from_ or _on all sides_. Ungó, ungere, únxí, únctus, _smear, anoint_. Unguentum, -í [ungó], n. , _ointment_. úniversus, -a, -um [únus + vertó], _all together, whole, entire, all_. únus, -a, -um, _one; only, alone_. Urbs, urbis, f. , _city_. úró, úrere, ússí, ústus, _burn_. úsque, adv. , _all the time_; úsque ad, _as far as, until_; quó úsque, see quó. úsus, -ús [útor], m. , _use; experience_. Ut, conj. , _as; when; that_; ita ut, _as_. Uter, utra, utrum, _which_? of two. úter, útris, m. , _wine-skin_. Uter-que, utraque, utrumque, _each, either, both_. útor, útí, úsus, _use_. Utrimque [uterque], adv. , _on either side_ or _both sides_. Uxor, -óris, f. , _wife_. 

V

vacuus, -a, -um [vacó, _be empty_], _empty_. Valeó, -ére, -uí, -itúrus, _be strong_ or _effectual, have effect, prevail_. Validus, -a, -um [valeó], _strong_. Vallis, -is, f. , _valley_. Varius, -a, -um, _various_. Vás, vásis, n. , plur. Vása, -órum, _vessel_. Vástó, -áre, -áví, -átus [vástus], _lay waste_. Vástus, -a, -um, _waste, huge, enormous, vast_. Vehementer [veheméns, _violent_], adv. , _violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly_. Vehó, vehere, vexí, vectus, _carry_. Vellus, velleris, n. , _fleece_. Véló, -áre, -áví, -átus [vélum, _veil_], _veil, cover_. Vel-ut, _even_ or _just as, as_. Vénátió, -ónis [vénor, _hunt_], f. , _hunting_. Venénum, -í, n. , _poison_. Venió, veníre, véní, ventus, _come_. Venter, ventris, m. , _belly_. Ventus, -í, m. , _wind_. Verbum, -í, n. , _word_. Vereor, -érí, -itus, _fear_. Véró [vérus], adv. , _in truth, indeed; however_. Versor, -árí, -átus [freq. Of vertó], _keep turning, be busy_ or _employed, be_. Vertó, vertere, vertí, versus, _turn_. Vérus, -a, -um, _true_; ré vérá, _in truth, in fact_. Véscor, -í, _feed on, eat_. Vesper, vesperí, m. , _evening_. Vester, -tra, -trum [vós], _your_. Vestígium, -í [vestígó, _track_], n. , _track, foot-print_. Vestis, -is, f. , _clothing, dress, robe_. Vestítus, -ús [vestió, _clothe_], m. , _clothing_. Via, -ae, f. , _road, way_. Viátor, -tóris [via], m. , _wayfarer, traveler_. Victima, -ae [vincó, _overcome_], f. , _victim_. Victória, -ae [vincó, _overcome_], f. , _victory_. Víctus, -ús [vívó], m. , _sustenance, food_. Vícus, -í, m. , _village_. Videó, vidére, vídí, vísus, _see; _ pass. , _seem_. Vigilia, -ae [vigil, _awake_], f. , _watch_. Vígintí, indecl. Adj. , _twenty_. Vílla, -ae, f. , _country-house, villa_. Vímen, -minis, n. , _osier_. Vinció, vincíre, vinxí, vinctus, _bind_. Vinculum, -í [vinció], n. , _bond, chain_. Vínum, -í, n. , _wine_. Vir, virí, m. , _man_. Virgó, virginis, f. , _maiden_. Virtús, -tútis [vir], f. , _manliness, courage, bravery_. Vís, vís, f. , _violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy_; plur. Vírés, -ium, _strength_; omnibus víribus, _with all one's strength, with might and main_. Vísus, -ús [videó], m. , _sight_. Víta, -ae [vívó], f. , _life_. Vító, -áre, -áví, -átus, _avoid, escape_. Vívó, vívere, víxí, víctus, _live_. Vívus, -a, -um [vívó], _alive, living_. Vix, adv. , _with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely_. Vocó, -áre, -áví, -átus [vóx], _call, summon_. Volcánus, -í, m. , _Vulcan_. Voló, -áre, -áví, -átúrus, _fly_. Voló, velle, voluí, _wish_. Volucris, -is [voló], f. , _bird_. Voluntás, -tátis [voló], f. , _wish, will_. Voluptás, -tátis [voló], f. , _pleasure_. Vós, plur. Of tú. Voró, -áre, -áví, -átus, _swallow whole, devour_. Vóx, vócis, f. , _voice; word_. Vulneró, -áre, -áví, -átus [vulnus], _wound_. Vulnus, vulneris, n. , _wound_. 

Z

Zephyrus, -í, m. , _Zephyrus, the west wind_. Zétés, -ae, m. , _Zetes_. 

END OF VOL. I