{201}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. 

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"When found, make a note of. "--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. 

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No. 72. ]SATURDAY, MARCH 15. 1851. [Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. 

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CONTENTS. 

 NOTES:-- Page Illustrations of Chaucer 201 Inedited Poetry, No. II. , by K. R. H. Mackenzie 203 On a Passage in Marmion 203 Gloucestershire Provincialisms, by Albert Way 204 The Chapel of Loretto 205 Folk Lore:--"Nettle in Dock out"--Soul separates from the Body--Lady's Trees--Norfolk Folk Lore Rhymes 205 Minor Notes:--Note for the Topographers of Ancient London, and for the Monasticon--Gray and Burns-- Traditional Notice of Richard III. --Oliver Cromwell-- Snail-eating 206

 QUERIES:-- Biddings in Wales 207 Minor Queries:--Lord of Relton--Beatrix de Bradney-- "Letters on the British Museum"--Ballad Editing: The "Outlandish Knight"--Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli--Engraved Portrait-- Blackstone's Commentaries and Table of Precedence-- The Two Drs. Abercromby--Witte van Haemstede--J. Bruckner: Dutch Church in Norwich 208

 MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--The Hereditary Earl Marshal--The Beggar's Petition--"Tiring-irons never to be untied" 209

 REPLIES:-- The Meaning of Eisell, by H. K. S. Causton 210 Replies to Minor Queries:--William Chilcott--Fossil Elk of Ireland--Canes Lesos--"By Hook or by Crook"--Suem--Sir George Downing--Miching Malicho--Cor Linguæ--Under the Rose--"Impatient to speak, and not see"--Bishop Frampton--Old Tract on the Eucharist--Was Hugh Peters ever on the Stage? 212

 MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 214 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 215 Notices to Correspondents 215 Advertisements 215

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Notes. 

ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER. 

(Vol. Iii. , pp. 131. 133. )

I am glad to perceive that some of the correspondents of "NOTES ANDQUERIES" are turning their attention to the elucidation of Chaucer. Thetext of our father-poet, having remained as it were in fallow since thetime of Tyrwhitt, now presents a rich field for industry; and, in offeringfree port and entry to all comments and suggestions, to be there sifted andgarnered up, the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" may soon become a depositoryfrom which ample materials may be obtained for a new edition of Chaucer, now become an acknowledged desideratum. 

One excellent illustration has lately been added, at page 133. , in a notewithout signature upon "Nettle in, dock out. " If _confirmed_[1], it willfurnish not only a most satisfactory explanation of that hithertoincomprehensible phrase, but also a curious example of the faithfulpreservation of an exact form of words through centuries of oral tradition. 

And if the note which precedes it, at page 131. , upon a passage in Palamonand Arcite, is less valuable, it is because it is deficient in one of themost essential conditions which such communications ought to possess--thatof originality. No suggestion ought to be offered which had been previouslypublished in connexion with the same subject: at least in any _veryobvious_ place of reference, such as notes or glossaries already appendedto well-known editions of the text. 

Now the precise explanation of the planetary distribution of thetwenty-four hours of the day, given by [Greek: e]. In the first portion ofhis communication, was anticipated seventy or eighty years ago by Tyrwhittin his note upon the same passage of Palamon and Arcite. And with respectto [Greek: e]. 's second explanation of the meaning of "houre inequal, " thatexpression also has been commented upon by Tyrwhitt, who attributes it tothe well-known expansive duration of ancient hours, the length of which wasregulated by that of the natural day at the several seasons of the year:hence an _inequality_ always existed; except at the equinoxes, betweenhours before, and hours after, sunrise. This is undoubtedly the trueexplanation, since Chaucer was, at the time, referring to hours before andafter sunrise upon the same day. On the contrary, [Greek: e]. 's ecliptichours, if they ever existed at all (he has cited no authority), would beobviously incompatible with the planetary disposition of the hours firstreferred to. 

I shall now, in my turn, suggest explanations of the two new difficultiesin Chaucer's text, to {202} which, at the conclusion of his note, [Greek:e]. Has drawn attention. 

The first is, that, "with respect to the time of year at which thetournament takes place, there seems to be an inconsistency. " Theseus fixes"this day fifty wekes" from the fourth of May, as the day on which thefinal contention must come off, and yet the day previous to the finalcontention is afterwards alluded to as "the lusty seson of that May, "which, it is needless to say, would be inconsistent with an interval offifty _ordinary_ weeks. 

But fifty weeks, if taken in their literal sense of 350 days, would be amost unmeaning interval for Theseus to fix upon, --it would almost requireexplanation as much as the difficulty itself: it is therefore much easierto suppose that Chaucer meant to imply the interval of a solar year. Why heshould choose to express that interval by fifty, rather than by fifty-two, weeks, may be surmised in two ways: first, because the latter phrase wouldbe unpoetical and unmanageable; and, secondly, because he might fancy thatthe week of the Pagan Theseus would be more appropriately represented by alunar quarter than by a Jewish hebdomad. 

Chaucer sometimes makes the strangest jumble--mixing up together Paganmatters and Christian, Roman and Grecian, ancient and modern; so thatalthough he names Sunday and Monday as two of the days of the week inAthens, he does so evidently for the purpose of introducing the allocationof the hours, alluded to before, to which the planetary names of the daysof the week were absolutely necessary. But in the fifty weeks appointed byTheseus, the very same love of a little display of erudition would leadChaucer to choose the _hebdomas lunæ_, or lunar quarter, which the Athenianyouth were wont to mark out by the celebration of a feast to Apollo onevery seventh day of the moon. But after the first twenty-eight days ofevery lunar month, the weekly reckoning must have been discontinued forabout a day and a half (when the new moon was what was called "in coitu, "or invisible), after which a new reckoning of sevens would recommence. Hence there could be but four hebdomades in each lunar month; and as thereare about twelve and a half lunar months in a solar year, so must therehave been fifty lunar weeks in one solar year. 

It will explain many anomalies, even in Shakspeare, if we suppose that ourearly writers were content to show their knowledge of a subject in a fewparticulars, and were by no means solicitous to preserve, what modernswould call _keeping_, in the whole performance. 

The next difficulty, adverted to by [Greek: e]. , is the mention of theTHIRD as the morning upon which Palamon "brake his prison, " and Arcite wentinto the woods "to don his observaunce to May. "

There is not perhaps in the whole of Chaucer's writings a more exquisitepassage than that by which the latter circumstance is introduced; it iswell worth transcribing:--

 "The besy larke, the messager of day, Sal[=e]weth in hire song the morw[=e] gray; And firy Phebus riseth up so bright, That all the orient laugheth at the sight; And with his strem[=e]s drieth in the greves The silver drop[=e]s hanging on the leves. "

Such is the description of the morning of the "thridde of May;" andperhaps, if no other mention of that date were to be found throughoutChaucer's works, we might be justified in setting it down as a randomexpression, to which no particular meaning was attached. But when we findit repeated in an entirely different poem, and the same "observaunce toMay" again associated with it, the conviction is forced upon us that itcannot be without some definite meaning. 

This repetition occurs in the opening of the second book of _Troilus andCreseide_, where "the thridde" has not only "observaunce to May" againattributed to it, but also apparently some peculiar virtue in dreams. Nosooner does Creseide behold Pandarus on the morning of the third of May, than "_by the hond on hie, she tooke him fast_, " and tells him that she hadthrice dreamed of him that night. Pandarus replies in what appears to havebeen a set form of words suitable to the occasion--

 "Yea, nece, ye shall faren well the bet, If God wull, all this yeare. "

Now unless the third of May were supposed to possess some unusual virtue, the dreaming on that morning could scarcely confer a whole year's welfare. But, be that as it may, there can at least be no doubt that Chaucerdesignedly associated _some_ celebration of the advent of May with themorning of the third of that month. 

Without absolutely asserting that my explanation is the true one, I maynevertheless suggest it until some better may be offered. It is, that theassociation may have originated in the invocation of the goddess Flora, byOvid, on that day (_Fasti_, v. ), in order that she might inspire him withan explanation of the Floralia, or Floral games, which were celebrated inRome from the 28th of April to the _third_ of May. 

These games, if transferred by Chaucer to Athens, would at once explain the"gret feste" and the "lusty seson of that May. "

Supposing, then, that Chaucer, in the _Knight's Tale_, meant, as I think hemeant, to place the great combat on the anniversary of the fourth ofMay--that being the day on which Theseus had intercepted the duel, --thenthe entry into Athens of the rival companies would take place on {203}(Sunday) the second, and the sacrifices and feasting on the _third of May_, the last of the Floralia. 

A. E. B. 

 Leeds, March 4, 1851. 

[Footnote 1: [Of which there can be no doubt. See further p. 205. Of ourpresent Number. --ED. ]]

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INEDITED POETRY, NO. II. 

CHORUS. 

(Harleian MSS. , No. 367. Fo. 154. )

 "Is, is there nothing cann withstand The hand Of Time: but that it must Be shaken into dust? Then poore, poore Israelites are wee Who see, But cannot shunn the Graue's captivitie. 

 "Alas, good Browne! that Nature hath No bath, Or virtuous herbes to strayne, To boyle[2] thee yong againe; Yet could she (kind) but back command Thy brand, Herself would dye thou should'st be unman'd. 

 "But (ah!) the golden Ewer by [a] stroke, Is broke, And now the Almond Tree With teares, with teares, we see, Doth lowly lye, and with its fall Do all The daughters dye, that once were musicall. 

 "Thus yf weake builded man cann saye, A day He lives, 'tis all, for why? He's sure at night to dye, For fading man in fleshly lome[3] Doth rome Till he his graue find, His eternall home. 

 "Then farewell, farewell, man of men, Till when (For us the morners meet Pal'd visag'd in the street, To seale up this our britle birth In earth, ) We meet with thee triumphant in our mirth. " _Trinitäll Hall's Exequies. _

Now, to what does Hall refer in the third stanza, in his mention of thealmond-tree? Is it a classical allusion, as in the preceding stanza, or hasit some reference to any botanical fact? I send the ballad, trusting thatas an inedited morsel you will receive it. 

KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. 

 [We do not take _Hall_ here to be the name of a man, but Trinity Hall at Cambridge. ]

[Footnote 2: The reader will recognise the classical allusion. ]

[Footnote 3: Loam, earth; roam. ]

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ON A PASSAGE IN MARMION. 

I venture for the first time to trespass upon the attention of your readersin making the following remarks upon a passage in _Marmion_, which, as faras I know, has escaped the notice of all the critical writers whosecomments upon that celebrated poem have hitherto been published. 

It will probably be remembered, that long after the main action of the poemand interest of the story have been brought to a close by the death of thehero on the field of Flodden, the following incident is thus pointedlydescribed:--

 Short is my tale:--Fitz-Eustace' care A pierced and mangled body bare To moated Lichfield's lofty pile: And there, beneath the southern aisle, A tomb, with Gothic sculpture fair Did long Lord Marmion's image bear, &c. &c. &c. 

 "There erst was martial Marmion found, His feet upon a couchant hound, His hands to Heaven upraised: And all around on scutcheon rich, And tablet carved, and fretted niche, His arms and feats were blazed. And yet, though all was carved so fair, And priest for Marmion breathed the prayer, _The last Lord Marmion lay not there. _ From Ettrick woods a peasant swain Follow'd his lord to Flodden plain, -- &c. &c. &c. 

 "Sore wounded Sybil's Cross he spied, And dragg'd him to its foot, and died, Close by the noble Marmion's side. The spoilers stripp'd and gash'd the slain, And thus their corpses were mista'en; And thus in the proud Baron's tomb, The lowly woodsman took the room. "

Now, I ask, wherefore has the poet dwelt with such minuteness upon thisforced and improbable incident? Had it indeed been with no other purposethan to introduce the picturesque description and the moral reflexionscontained in the following section, the improbability might well beforgiven. But such is not the real object. The critic of the _MonthlyReview_ takes the following notice of this passage, which is printed as anote in the last edition of Scott's _Poems_ in 1833:--

 "A corpse is afterwards conveyed, as that of Marmion, to the cathedral of Lichfield, where a magnificent tomb is erected to his memory, &c. &c. ; but, by an _admirably imagined act of poetical justice_, we are informed that a peasant's body was placed beneath that costly monument, while the haughty Baron himself was buried like a vulgar corpse on the spot where he died. "

Had the reviewer attempted to penetrate a little deeper into the workingsof the author's mind, he would have seen in this circumstance much morethan "an admirably imagined act of poetical {204} justice. " He would haveperceived in it the ultimate and literal fulfilment of the whole penaltyforeshadowed to the delinquent baron in the two concluding stanzas of thatbeautiful and touching song sung by Fitz-Eustace in the Hostelrie ofGifford in the third canto of the poem, which I here transcribe:

 "Where shall the traitor rest, He the deceiver, Who could win maiden's breast, Ruin, and leave her? In the lost battle Borne down by the flying, Where mingles war's rattle, With groans of the dying-- There shall he be lying. Her wing shall the eagle flap O'er the false-hearted, His warm blood the wolf shall lap Ere life be parted. _Shame and dishonour sit_ _By his grave ever;_ _Blessing shall hallow it, _ _Never, O never!_"

Then follows the effect produced upon the conscience of the "Traitor, "described in these powerful lines:--

 "It ceased. The melancholy sound; And silence sunk on all around. The air was sad; but sadder still It fell on Marmion's ear, And plain'd as if disgrace and ill, And shameful death, were near. " &c. &c. &c. 

And lastly, when the life of the wounded baron is ebbing forth with hisblood on the field of battle, when--

 "The Monk, with unavailing cares Exhausted all the Church's prayers-- Ever, he said, that, close and near, A lady's voice was in his ear, And that the priest he could not hear-- For that she ever sung, '_In the lost battle, borne down by the flying, _ _Where mingles war's rattle with groans of the dying!_'-- So the notes ring. "

I am the more disposed to submit these remarks to your readers, because itis highly interesting to trace an irresistible tendency in the genius ofthis mighty author towards the fulfilment of prophetic legends and visionsof second sight: and not to extend this paper to an inconvenient length, Ipurpose to resume the subject in a future number, and collate some otherexamples of a similar character from the works of Sir Walter Scott. 

I write from the southern slopes of Cheviot, almost within sight of theHill of Flodden. During the latter years of the great Border Minstrel, Ihad the happiness to rank myself among the number of his friends andacquaintances, and I revere his memory as much as I prized his friendship. 

A BORDERER. 

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GLOUCESTERSHIRE PROVINCIALISMS. 

_To burl, burling; to shunt, &c. _--In the report of the evidence regardingthe death of Mrs. Hathway, at Chipping Sodbury, supposed to have beenpoisoned by her husband, the following dialectical expression occurs, whichmay deserve notice. One of the witnesses stated that he was invited by Mr. Hathway to go with him into a beer-house in Frampton Cotterell, "and have atip, " but he declined. 

 "Mr. H. Went in and called for a quart of beer, and then came out again, and I went in. He told me 'to burl out the beer, as he was in a hurry;' and I 'burled' out a glass and gave it to him. "--_Times_, Feb. 28. 

I am not aware that the use of this verb, as a provincialism, has beennoticed; it is not so given by Boucher, Holloway, or Halliwell. In theCumberland dialect, a _birler_, or _burler_, is the master of the revels, who presides over the feast at a Cumberland bidden-wedding, and takesespecial care that the drink be plentifully provided. (_Westmoreland andCumberland Dialects_, London, 1839. )

Boucher and Jamieson have collected much regarding the obsolete use of theverb _to birle_, to carouse, to pour out liquor. See also Mr. Dyce's noteson _Elynour Rummyng_, v. 269. (_Skelton's Works_, vol. Ii. P. 167. ). It isa good old Anglo-Saxon word--byrlian, _propinare_, _haurire_. In theWycliffite versions it occurs repeatedly, signifying to give to drink. Seethe Glossary to the valuable edition lately completed by Sir F. Madden andMr. Forshall. 

In the _Promptorium Parvulorum_, vol i. P. 51. , we find--

 "Bryllare of drynke, or schenkare: Bryllyn, or schenk drynke, _propino_: Bryllynge of drynke, " &c. 

Whilst on the subject of dialectical expressions, I would mention anobsolete term which has by some singular chance recently been revived, andis actually in daily use throughout England in the railway vocabulary--Imean the verb "to shunt. " Nothing is more common than to see announced, that at a certain station the parliamentary "shunts" to let the Expresspass; or to hear the order--"shunt that truck, " push it aside, off the mainline. In the curious ballad put forth in 1550, called "John Nobody"(Strype's _Life of Cranmer_, App. P. 138. ), in derision of the Reformedchurch, the writer describes how, hearing the sound of a "synagogue, "namely, a congregation of the new faith, he hid himself in alarm:

 "The I drew me down into a dale, wheras the dumb deer Did shiver for a shower, but I shunted from a freyke, For I would no wight in this world wist who I were. "

{205}

In the Townley Mysteries, _Ascensio Domini_, p. 303. , the Virgin Mary callsupon St. John to protect her against the Jews, --

 "Mi fleshe it qwakes, as lefe on lynde, To shontt the shrowres sharper than thorne, "--

explained in the Glossary, "sconce or ward off. " Sewel, in his _English andDutch Dictionary_, 1766, gives--"to shunt (a country word for to shove), _schuiven_. " I do not find "shunt, " however, in the Provincial Glossaries:in some parts of the south, "to shun" is used in this sense. Thus, in anassault case at Reigate, I heard the complainant say of a man who hadhustled him, "He kept shunning me along: sometimes he shunt me on theroad, " that is, pushed me off the footpath on to the highway. 

I hope that the Philological Society has not abandoned their project ofcompiling a complete Provincial Glossary: the difficulties of such anundertaking might be materially aided through the medium of "NOTES ANDQUERIES. "

ALBERT WAY. 

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THE CHAPEL OF LORETTO. 

Among the aerial migrations of the chapel of Loretto, it is possible thatour own country may hereafter be favoured by a visit of that celebratedstructure. In the mean time, as I am not aware that the contributions ofour countrymen to its history have been hitherto commemorated, thefollowing extract from a note, made by me on the spot some years ago, maynot be unsuitable for publication in "NOTES AND QUERIES. " As I had neitherthe time nor the patience which the pious, but rather prolix, Scotchmanbestowed upon his composition, I found it necessary to content myself witha mere abstract of the larger portion. 

The story of the holy House of Loretto is engraved on brass in severallanguages upon the walls of the church at Loretto. Among others, there aretwo tablets with the story in English, headed "The wondrus flittinge of thekirk of our blest Lady of Laureto. " It commences by stating that this kirkis the chamber of the house of the Blessed Virgin, in Nazareth, where ourSaviour was born; that after the Ascension the Apostles hallowed and madeit a kirk, and "S. Luke framed a pictur to har vary liknes thair zit to beseine;" that it was "haunted with muckle devotione by the folke of the landwhar it stud, till the people went after the errour of Mahomet, " whenangels took it to Slavonia, near a place called Flumen: here it was nothonoured as it ought to be, and they took it to a wood near Recanati, belonging to a lady named Laureto, whence it took its name. On account ofthe thieveries here committed, it was again taken up and placed near, on aspot belonging to two brothers, who quarrelled about the possession of theoblations offered there; and again it was removed to the roadside, nearwhere it now stands. It is further stated that it stands withoutfoundations, and that sixteen persons being sent from Recanati to measurethe foundations still remaining at Nazareth, they were found exactly toagree:

 "And from that tim fourth it has beine surly ken'd that this kirk was the Cammber of the B. V. Whereto Christian begun thare and has ever efter had muckle devotione, for that in it daily she hes dun and dus many and many mirakels. Ane Frier Paule, of Sylva, an eremit of muckle godliness who wond in a cell neir, by this kirk, whar daily he went to mattins, seid that for ten zeirs, one the eighth of September, tweye hours before day, he saw a light descende from heaven upon it, whelk he seyd was the B. V. Wha their shawed harselfe one the feest of her birthe. "

Then follows the evidence of Paule Renalduci, whose grandsire's grandsiresaw the angels bring the house over the sea: also the evidence of FrancisPrior, whose grandsire, a hunter, often saw it in the wood, and whosegrandsire's grandsire had a house close by. The inscription thusterminates:--

 "I, Robt. Corbington, priest of the Companie of Iesus in the zeir MDCXXXV. , have treulie translated the premisses out of the Latin story hanged up in the seid kirk. "

S. SMIRKE. 

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FOLK LORE. 

"_Nettle in Dock out_" (Vol. Iii. , p. 133. ). --If your correspondent willrefer to _The Literary Gazette_, March 24, 1849, No. 1679. , he will findthat I gave precisely the same explanation of that obscure passage ofChaucer's _Troilus and Creseide_, lib. Iv. , in a paper which I contributedto the British Archæological Association. 

FRAS. CROSSLEY. 

 [We will add two further illustrations of this passage of Chaucer, and the popular rhyme on which it is founded. The first is from Mr. Akerman's _Glossary of Provincial Words and Phrases in Use in Wiltshire_, where we read--

 "When a child is stung, he plucks a dock-leaf, and laying it on the part affected, sings--

 'Out 'ettle In dock Dock shall ha a new smock; 'Ettle zhant Ha' narrun. '"

Then follows a reference by Mr. Akerman to the passage in _Troilus andCreseide_. --Our second illustration is from Chaucer himself, who, in his_Testament of Love_ (p. 482 ed. Urry), has the following passage:

 "Ye wete well Ladie eke (quoth I), that I have not plaid raket, Nettle in, Docke out, and with the weathercocke waved. "

Mr. Akerman's work was, we believe, published in {206} 1846; and, at allevents, attention was called to these passages in the _Athenæum_ of thel2th September in that year, No. 985. ]

_Soul separates from the Body. _--In Vol. Ii. , p. 506. , is an allusion to anancient superstition, that the human soul sometimes leaves the body of asleeping person and takes another form; allow me to mention that Iremember, some forty years ago, hearing a servant from Lincolnshire relatea story of two travellers who laid down by the road-side to rest, and onefell asleep. The other, seeing a bee settle on a neighbouring wall and gointo a little hole, put the end of his staff in the hole, and so imprisonedthe bee. Wishing to pursue his journey, he endeavoured to awaken hiscompanion, but was unable to do so, till, resuming his stick, the bee flewto the sleeping man and went into his ear. His companion then awoke him, remarking how soundly he had been sleeping, and asked what had he beendreaming of? "Oh!" said he, "I dreamt that you shut me up in a dark caveand I could not awake till you let me out. " The person who told me thestory firmly believed that the man's soul was in the bee. 

F. S. 

_Lady's Trees. _--In some parts of Cornwall, small branches of sea-weed, dried and fastened in turned wooden stands, are set up as ornaments on thechimney-piece, &c. The poor people suppose that they preserve the housefrom fire, and they are known by the name of "_Lady's trees_, " in honour, Ipresume, of the Virgin Mary. 

H. G. T. 

 Launceston. 

_Norfolk Folk Lore Rhymes. _--I have met with the rhymes following, whichmay not be uninteresting to some of your readers as _Folk Lore, Norfolk_:--

 "Rising was, Lynn is, and Downham shall be, The greatest seaport of the three. "

Another version of the same runs thus:

 "Risin was a seaport town, And Lynn it was a wash, But now Lynn is a seaport Lynn, And Rising fares the worst. "

Also another satirical tradition in rhyme:

 "That nasty stinking sink-hole of sin, Which the map of the county denominates Lynn. "

Also:

 "Caistor was a city ere Norwich was none, And Norwich was built of Caistor stone. "

JOHN NURSE CHADWICK. 

 King's Lynn. 

 * * * * *

Minor Notes. 

_Note for the Topographers of Ancient London, and for the Monasticon. _--

 "Walter Grendon, Prior of the hospital of St John of Jerusalem, acknowledges to have received, by the hands of Robert Upgate and Ralph Halstede, --from Margaret, widow of S^r John Philippott K^t, --Thomas Goodlak and their partners, --4 pounds in full payment of arrears of all the rent due to us from their tenement called Jesoreshall in the city of London. 

 "Dated 1. December, 1406. "

From the original in the Surrenden collection. 

L. B. L. 

_Gray and Burns. _--

 "Authors, before they write, should read. "

So thought Matthew Prior; and if that rule had been attended to, neitherwould Lord Byron have deemed it worth notice that "_the knell of partingday_, " in Gray's Elegy, "was adopted from Dante;" nor would Mr. Cary haveremarked upon "this plagiarism, " if indeed _he_ used the term. (I refer to"NOTES AND QUERIES, " Vol. Iii. , p. 35. ) The truth is, that in every goodedition of Gray's _Works_, there is a note to the line in question, _by thepoet himself_, expressly stating that the passage is "_an imitation of thequotation from Dante_" thus brought forward. 

I could furnish you with various _notes_ on Gray, pointing out remarkablecoincidences of sentiment and expression between himself and other writers;but I cannot allow _Gray_ to be a plagiary, any more than I can allow_Burns_ to be so designated, in the following instances:--

At the end of the poem called _The Vision_, we find--

 "And like a passing thought she fled. "

In _Hesiod_ we have--

 "[Greek: ho d' eptato hôste noêma. ]"--_Scut. Herc. _ 222. 

Again, few persons are unacquainted with Burns's lines--

 "Her 'prentice han' she tried on man, An' then she made, " &c. 

In an old play, _Cupid's Whirligig_ (4to. 1607), we read--

 "Man was made when Nature was but an apprentice, but woman when she was a skilful mistress of her art. "

Pliny, in his _Natural History_, has the pretty notion that

 "Nature, in learning to form a lily, turned out a convolvulus. "

VARRO. 

_Richard III. , Traditional Notice of. _--I have an aunt, now eighty-nineyears of age, who in early life knew one who was in the habit of saying:

 "I knew a man, who knew a man, who knew a man who danced at court in the days of Richard III. "

Thus there have been but three links between one who knew Richard III. Andone now alive. 

My aunt's acquaintance could name his three predecessors, who were membersof his own family: {207} their names have been forgotten, but his name wasHarrison, and he was a member of an old Yorkshire family, and late in lifesettled in Bedfordshire. 

Richard died in 1484, and thus five persons have sufficed to chronicle anincident which occurred nearly 370 years since. 

Mr. Harrison further stated that there was nothing remarkable aboutRichard, that he was not the hunchback "lump of foul deformity" sogenerally believed until of late years. 

The foregoing anecdote may be of interest as showing that traditions maycome down from remote periods by few links, and thus be but littlediffering from the actual occurrences. 

H. J. B. 

 66. Hamilton Terrace, St. John's Wood, March 5. 1851. 

_Oliver Cromwell. _--Echard says that his highness sold himself to thedevil, and _that he had seen the solemn compact_. Anthony à Wood, whodoubtless credited this account of a furious brother loyalist, in hisJournal says:

 "Aug. 30, 1658. Monday, a terrible raging wind happened, which did much damage. Dennis Bond, a great Oliverian and anti-monarchist, died on that day, and then the devil took _bond_ for Oliver's appearance. "

Clarendon, assigning the Protector to eternal perdition, not liking to losethe portent, boldly says the remarkable hurricane occurred on September 3, the day of Oliver's death. Oliver's admirers, on the other hand, representthis wind as ushering him into the other world, but for a very differentreason. 

Heath, in his _Flagellum_ (I have the 4th edit. ), says:

 It pleased God to usher in his end with a great whale _some three months before_, June 2, that came up as far as Greenwich, and there was killed; and more immediately by a terrible storm of wind: the prognosticks that the great Leviathan of men, that tempest and overthrow of government, was now going to his own place!"

I have several works concerning Cromwell, but in no other do I find thisstory very like a whale. Would some reader of better opportunities favourus with a record of these two matters of natural history, not as connectedwith the death of this remarkable man, but as mere events? Your well-readreaders will remember some similar tales relative to the death of CardinalMazarine. These exuberances of vulgar minds may partly be attributed to thecredulity of the age, but more probably to the same want of philosophywhich caused the ancients to deal in exaggeration. 

B. B. 

_Snail-eating. _--The practice of _eating_, if not of talking to, snails, seems not to be so unknown in this country as some of your readers mightimagine. I was just now interrogating a village child in reference to theaddresses to snails quoted under the head of "FOLK LORE, " Vol. Iii. , pp. 132. And 179. , when she acquainted me with the not very appetising fact, that she and her brothers and sisters had been in the constant habit ofindulging this horrible _Limacotrophy_. 

 "We hooks them out of the wall (she says) with a stick, in winter time, and not in summer time (so it seems they have their seasons); and we roasts them, and, when they've done spitting, they be a-done; and we takes them out with a fork, and eats them. Sometimes we has a jug heaped up, pretty near my pinafore-full. I loves them dearly. "

Surely this little bit of practical cottage economy is worth recording. 

C. W. B. 

 * * * * *

Queries. 

BIDDINGS IN WALES. 

There is a nursery song beginning--

 "Harry Parry, when will you marry? When apples and pears are ripe. I'll come to your wedding, without any bidding, And, " &c. &c. &c. 

Does this mean that I will come without an invitation, or without amarriage-present? It will be observed that Parry is a Welsh name, and thatbidding is a Welsh custom, as is shown by MR. SPURRELL (Vol. Iii. , p. 114. ). He has anticipated my intention of sending you a bidding-form, whichhas been lying upon my table for some weeks, but which I have not had timeto transcribe; I now send it you, because it somewhat varies from MR. SPURRELL'S, and yet so much resembles it as to show that the same formulais preserved. Both show that the presents are considered as debts, transferable or assignable to other parties. Is this the case in alldistricts of Wales where the custom of bidding prevails? I think I haveheard that in some places the gift is to be returned only when the actualdonor "enters into the matrimonial state. " It will be observed, too, inthese forms, relations only transfer to relations. Is it considered thatthey may assign to persons not relations? Some of your Welsh correspondentsmay reply to these questions, which may elucidate all the varieties ofpractice in a custom which contributes much to the comfort of a youngcouple, and, in many instances, is an incentive to prudence, because theyare aware that the debt is a debt of honour, not to be evaded without someloss of character. 

 "December 26. 1806. 

 "As we intend to enter the Matrimonial State on _Tuesday_ the 20th of _January_, 1807, we purpose to make a Bidding on the occasion the same day for the young man at his father's house, in the village of _Llansaint_, in the parish of _St. Ishmael_; and for the young {208} woman, at her own house, in the said village of _Llansaint_; at either of which places the favour of your good company on that day will be deemed a peculiar obligation; and whatever donation you may be pleased to confer on either of us then, will be gratefully received, and cheerfully repaid whenever required on a similar occasion, by

 Your humble servants, SETH REES, ANN JENKINS. 

 "The young man's father and mother, and also the young woman's father and mother, and sister Amy, desire that all gifts of the above nature due to them, may be returned on the same day; and will be thankful for all favour shown the young couple. "

E. H. 

 * * * * *

Minor Queries. 

_Lord of Relton_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 56. )--Will your correspondent MONKBARNSfavour me with the date of the paper from which he copied the paragraphquoted, and whether it was given as being then in use, or as of ancientdate?

Can any of your readers inform me from what place the Lord of Reltonderived his name? What was his proper name, and who is the presentrepresentative of the family?

Is there any family of the name of Relton now existing in the neighbourhoodof Langholme, or in Cumberland or Westmoreland?

F. B. RELTON. 

_Beatrix de Bradney. _--In your "NOTES AND QUERIES" for January 25th, 1851, p. 61. , you have given Sir Henry Chauncy's Observations on WilfredEntwysel. 

Sir Bertin left a daughter named Lucy, of whom Master Bradene ofNorthamptonshire is descended. Can F. R. R. , or any genealogist, inform mewhether this Master Bradene is descended from Simon de Bradney, one of theKnights of the Shire for Somersetshire in the year 1346? In Collins's_Somersetshire_, vol. Iii. P. 92. , he mentions:

 "In St. Michael's Church, Bawdrip, under a large Gothic arch lies the effigy in armour of Sir Simon de Bradney or Bredenie. 

 "The Manor of Bradney, in Somersetshire, supposed to have ended in Beatrix de Bradney, an heiress, and passed with her into other families; this Beatrix was living in the forty-sixth year of Edward III. "

Can you inform me whom she married? About sixty-five years ago it waspurchased by the late Joseph Bradney, Esq. , of Ham, near Richmond; and hissecond son, the Reverend Joseph Bradney, of Greet, near Tenbury, Shropshire, is the present possessor. 

JULIA R. BOCKETT. 

 Southcote Lodge, near Reading. 

"_Letters on the British Museum. _"--In the year 1767 was published byDodsley a work in 12mo. Pp. 92. , with the above title; and at p. 85. Isprinted "A Pastoral Dialogue, " between _Celia_ and _Ebron_, beginning, "AsCelia rested in the shade, " which the author states he "found among themanuscripts. " I wish to know, first, who was the anonymous author of theseletters; and, secondly, in what collection of manuscripts this "Dialogue"is to be found. 

[mu]. 

_Ballad Editing. _--The "_Outlandish Knight_" (Vol. Iii. , p. 49. ). --I wasexceedingly glad to see Mr. F. Sheldon's "valuable contribution to ourstock of ballad literature" in the hands of Mr. Rimbault, and thought thetreatment it received no better than it deserved. _Blackwood_, May, 1847, reviewed Mr. Sheldon's book, and pointed out several instances of his"godfathership;" among others, his ballad of the "Outlandish Knight, " whichhe obtained from "a copy in the possession of a gentleman at Newcastle, "was condemned by the reviewer as "a vamped version of the Scotch ballad of'May Collean. '" It may be as the reviewer states, but the question I wouldwish answered is one affecting the reviewer himself; for, if I mistake not, the Southron "Outlandish Knight" is the original of "May Collean" itself. Ihave by me a copy, in black letter, of the "Outlandish Knight, " English inevery respect, and as such differing considerably from Mr. Sheldon's borderedition, and from "May Collean;" and, with some slight alterations, theballad I have is yet popularly known through the midland counties. If anyof your correspondents can oblige me with a reference to the firstappearance of "May Collean, " sheet or book, I shall esteem it a favour. 

EMUN. 

 Birmingham. 

_Latin Epigram on the Duchess of Eboli. _--In his controversy with Bowlestouching the poetry of Pope, Byron states that it was upon the Princess ofEboli, mistress of Philip II. Of Spain, and Mangirow, the minion of HenryIII. Of France, that the famous Latin epigram, so well known to classicreaders, was composed, concluding with the couplet:

 "Blande puer lumen quod habes concede parenti, Sic tu cæcus Amor, sic erit illa Venus. "

Can any contributor to the "NOTES AND QUERIES" suggest what authority hislordship has for his statement? Many years since, a curious paragraphappeared in one of the public journals, extracted apparently from anhistorical work, specifying the extraordinary political embroglios whichthe one-eyed duchess occasioned, eliciting from one of the statesmen of hertimes the complimentary declaration, that if she had had two eyes insteadof only one, she would have set the universe on fire. A reference to thiswork--I fancy one of Roscoe's--would be of material service to anhistorical inquirer. 

C. R. H. 

{209}

_Engraved Portrait. _--

 "All that thou see'st and readest is divine, Learning thus us'd is water turn'd to wine; Well may wee then despaire to draw his minde, View here the case; i'th Booke the Jewell finde. "

The above quatrain is placed beneath a portrait characteristically engravedby Cross. Above the head is the following inscription:--

 "Ætatis Suæ 50º. Octob. 10. 1649. "

Of whom is this a portrait? It is no doubt well known to collectors, and isof course a frontispiece; but having never yet seen it _vis-à-vis_ with atitle-page, I am at a loss as to the author of whom it is the _veraeffigies_. Possibly some of your readers will be kind enough to enlightenme upon the matter, and favour me with the name of the British worthy thushanded down to posterity by Cross's admirable burin. 

HENRY CAMPKIN. 

_Blackstone's Commentaries and Table of Precedence. _--The first edition ofBlackstone was published at Oxford in 4to. , in the year 1765; and the Tableof Precedence, in the 12th chapter of the First Book, found in subsequenteditions edited by Mr. Christian, does not occur in Blackstone's firstedition. Can any of your readers, having access to good legal theories, inform me in which of Blackstone's _own_ editions the Table of Precedencewas first inserted?

E. 

_The Two Drs. Abercromby. _--In the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were two physicians of the name of Abercromby, who both graduated atthe university of Leyden, and were afterwards the authors of variouspublished works. The first work of David Abercromby mentioned in Watt's_Bibliotheca_ is dated in 1684, and the first written by Patrick Abercrombyin 1707. As it was usual to compose an inaugural dissertation at obtainingthe doctorate, and such productions were ordinarily printed (in smallquarto), J. K. Would feel obliged by the titles and dates of the inauguraldissertations of either or both of the physicians above mentioned. 

_Witte van Haemstede. _--Can any of your readers inform me whether therestill exist any descendants of _Witte van Haemstede_, an illegitimate scionof the ancient house of _Holland_? _Willem de Water_, in his _AdelijkeZeeland_, written in the seventeenth century, says that in his youth heknew a _Witte van Haemstede_ of this family, one of whose sons becamepastor of the Dutch congregation in _London_. --_Navorscher_, Jan. 1851, p. 17. 

_J. Bruckner--Dutch Church in Norwich. _--In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for1804 is a short memoir of the Rev. J. Bruckner. He was born in the islandof Cadsand, completed his studies at Leyden, where he enjoyed the societyof Hemsterhuis, Valckenaer, and the elder Schultens. In 1753 he becamepastor of the Walloon, and afterwards of the Dutch congregation in Norwich, where he remained till his death in May, 1804. In 1767 he published atLeyden his _Théorie du Système Animal_; in 1790 appeared his _Criticisms onthe Diversions of Purley_. 

Could your correspondents furnish me with a complete list of Bruckner'sworks, and direct me to a history of the Dutch church in Norwich, from itsorigin to the present time?--_Navorscher_, Feb. 1851, p. 28. 

 * * * * *

Minor Queries Answered. 

 [Under this heading we propose to give such Minor Queries as we are able to reply to at once, but which are not of a nature to be answered with advantage in our Notices to Correspondents. We hope by this means to economise our space. ]

_The Hereditary Earl Marshal. _--Miss Martineau, in her _History ofEngland_, book iii. Ch. 8. , speaks (in 1829) of

 "three Catholic peers, the _Duke of Norfolk_, Lord Clifford, and Lord Dormer, having obtained entrance _at last_ to the legislative assembly, where their fathers sat and ruled when their faith was the law of the land. "

In Lord Campbell's _Lives of the Chancellors_, there is an anecdote, vol. Vii. P. 695. , of the Duke of Norfolk falling asleep and _snoring_ in theHouse of Lords, while Lord Eldon was on the woolsack. Did not the Duke ofNorfolk (though Roman Catholic) sit and vote in the House of Lords, eitherby prescription or special act of parliament, before 1829?

J. H. S. 

 [The anecdote told by Lord Campbell (but much better by Lord Eldon himself in Twiss's Life of the great Chancellor), does not refer to the _late_ Duke of Norfolk, but to his predecessor Charles (the eleventh duke), who was a Protestant. The late duke never sat in parliament till after the Relief Bill passed. In 1824 a Bill was passed to enable him to exercise the office of Earl Marshal without taking certain oaths, but gave him no seat in the House. We may as well add, that Lord Eldon's joke must have been perpetrated--not on the bringing up of the Bill, when the duke was not in the House--but on the occasion of the _Great Snoring Bill being reported_ (April 2, 1811), when the duke appears to have been present. ]

_The Beggar's Petition. _--I shall feel obliged by your informing me who theauthor is of the lines--

 "Pity the sorrows of a poor old man, Whose trembling limbs have borne him to your door. "

S. 

 [The authorship of this little poem has at times excited a good deal of attention. It has been attributed, on no very sufficient grounds, to Dr. Joshua Webster, M. D. ; but from the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. Lxx. , p. 41. , it appears that it is the entire production of the {210} Rev. Thomas Moss, minister of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire, who wrote it at about the age of twenty-three. He sold the manuscript of that, and of several others, to Mr. Smart, printer, in Wolverhampton, who, from the dread which Mr. Moss had of criticism, was to publish them on this condition, that only twenty copies should have his name annexed to them, for the purpose of being presented to his relations and friends. ]

"_Tiring-irons never to be untied. _"--To what does Lightfoot (vol. Vii. P. 214. ) refer when, in speaking of the Scriptures, he says--

 "They are not unriddleable riddles, and tiring-irons never to be untied"?

J. EASTWOOD. 

 Ecclesfield. 

 [The allusion is to a puzzle for children--often used by grown children--which consists of a series of iron rings, on to or off which a loop of iron wire may be got with some labour by those who know the way, and which is very correctly designated _a tiring-iron_. ]

 * * * * *

Replies. 

THE MEANING OF EISELL. 

 [This controversy is becoming a little too warm for our pages. But MR. CAUSTON is entitled to have some portion of the letter he has sent to us inserted. He writes with reference to the communications from MR. HICKSON and MR. SINGER in our 68th number, p. 119. , in reply to MR. C. 'S Article, which, although it had been in our hands a considerable time, was not inserted until out 65th Number, p. 66. ; a delay which gave to that article the appearance of an attempt to revive a discussion, whereas it really was written only in continuance of one. ]

To MR. HICKSON I suggest, that whether the notion of "drinking up a river, "or "eating a crocodile, " be the more "unmeaning" or "out of place, " mustafter all be a mere matter of opinion, as the latter must remain a questionof taste; since it seems to be his settled conviction that it is not"impossible, " but only "extravagant. " Archdeacon Nares thought it quite thereverse; and I beg to remind your readers that Shakspearian crocodiles arenever served _à la Soyer_, but swallowed _au naturel_ and entire. 

MR. HICKSON is dissatisfied with my terms "mere verbiage" and "extravagantrant. " I recommend a careful consideration of the scene over the grave ofOphelia; and then let any one say whether or not the "wag" of tonguebetween Laertes and Hamlet be not fairly described by the expressions Ihave used, --a paraphrase indeed, of Hamlet's concluding lines:

 "Nay, an thou'lt _mouth_, I'll _rant_ as well as thou. "

Doubtless Shakspeare had a purpose in everything he wrote, and his purposeat this time was to work up the scene to the most effective conclusion, andto display the excitement of Hamlet in a series of beautiful images, which, nevertheless, the queen his mother immediately pronounced to be "meremadness, " and which one must be as mad as Hamlet himself to adopt as featsliterally to be performed. 

The offence is rank in the eyes of MR. SINGER that I should have styled MR. HICKSON his friend. The amenities of literature, I now perceive, do notextend to the case, and a new canon is required, to the effect that "whenone gentleman is found bolstering up the argument of another, he is not, ever for the nonce, to be taken for his friend. " I think the denial to beexpressed in rather strong language; but I hasten to make the _amende_suitable to the occasion, by withdrawing the "falsehood and unfoundedinsinuation. "

MR. SINGER has further charged me with "want of truth, " in stating that thequestion remains "substantially where Steevens and Malone had left it. "Wherein, I ask, substantially consists the difference?

MR. SINGER has merely substituted his "wormwood wine" for Malone's vinegar;and before he can make it as palatable to common sense, and Shakspeare's"logical correctness and nicety of expression, " as it was to Creed andShepley, he must get over the "stalking-horse, " the _drink_ UP, whichstands in his way precisely as it did in that of Malone's more legitimateproposition. MR. SINGER overleaps the difficulty by a bare assertion that"to _drink_ UP was commonly used for simply to drink. " He has not producedany parallel case of proof, with the exception of one from Mr. Halliwell's_Nursery Rhymes_. I adopt his citation, and shall employ it against him. 

_Drink_ UP can only be grammatically applied to a determinate total, whether it be the river Yssell or MR. HICKSON'S dose of physic. Shakespeareseems to have been well acquainted with, and to have observed, thegrammatical rule which MR. SINGER professes not to comprehend. Thus:

 "I will drink, _Potions of_ eysell. " Shaksp. _Sonnet_ cxi. 

and

 "Give me to drink mandragora, " _Ant. And Cleop. _, Act I. Sc. 5. 

are parallel passages, and imply quantity indeterminate, inasmuch as theyadmit of more or less. 

Now MR. SINGER'S obliging quotation from the _Nursery Rhymes_, --

 "Eat UP your cake, Jenny, _Drink_ UP YOUR wine"--

certainly implies quite the reverse; for it can be taken to mean neithermore nor less than the identical glass of wine that Jenny had standingbefore her. A parallel passage will be found in Shakspeare's sonnet(CXIV. ):

 "_Drink up_ the monarch's plague, _this_ flattery:"

{211} and in this category, on the rule exponed, since it cannot positivelyappertain to the other, must, I think, be placed the line of Hamlet, --

 "Woo't _drink up_ eisell?"

as a noun implying absolute entirety; which might be a _river_, but couldnot be grammatically applied to any unexpressed quantity. 

Now what is the amount and value of MR. SINGER'S proposition? He says:

 "In Thomas's _Italian Dictionary_, 1562, we have 'ASSENZIO, _Eysell_'[4]; and Florio renders that word [ASSENZIO, not _Eysell_?] by 'wormwood. ' What is meant, however, is _wormwood wine_, a nauseously bitter medicament then much in use. "

When pressed by LORD BRAYBROOKE ("NOTES AND QUERIES, " Vol. Ii. , p. 286. ), who proved, by an extract from _Pepys's Diary_, that wormwood wine, so farfrom bearing out MR. SINGER'S description, was, in fact, a fashionableluxury, probably not more nauseous than the _pale ale_ so much in repute atthe present day, MR. SINGER very adroitly produced a "corroborative note"from "old Langham" ("NOTES AND QUERIES, " Vol. Ii. , p. 315. ), which, curiously enough, is castrated of all that Langham wrote pertaining to thequestion in issue. Treating of the many virtues of the prevailing tonic asan appetiser, and restorer "of a good color" to them that be "leane andevil colored, " Langham says:

 ["Make wormwood wine thus: take _aqua vitæ_ and malmsey, of each like much, put it in a glasse or bottell with _a few leaves of dried wormwood_, and let it stand certain days, ] and strein out a little spoonfull, and drink it with a draught of ale or wine: [it may be long preserved. ]"[5]

Thus it will be seen that the reason for "streining out a little spoonfull"as a restorative for a weak stomach was less on account of the infusionbeing so "atrociously unpalatable, " than of the alcohol used in itspreparation. 

Dr. Venner also recommends as an excellent stomachic, "To drink mornings fasting, and sometimes also before dinner, _a draught of wormwood-wine_ or beer:"

and we may gather the "atrocious bitterness" of the restorative, by thesubstitute he proposes: "or, for want of them, " he continues:

 "white wine or stale beer, wherein a few branches of wormwood have, for certain hours, been infused. "[6]

Dr. Parr, quoting Bergius, describes _Absinthium_ as "a gratefulstomachic;" and _Absinthites_ as "a pleasant form of the wormwood. "[7]

Is this therefore the article that Hamlet proposed to _drink_ UP with hiscrocodile? So far from thinking so, I have ventured to coincide withArchdeacon Nares in favour of Steevens; for whether it be Malone's vinegar, or MR. SINGER'S more comfortable stomachic, the challenge to drink either"_in such a rant_, is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, that we mustdecide for the river, whether its name be exactly found or not. "[8]

I am quite unconscious of any purport in my remarks, other than they appearon paper; and I should be sorry indeed to accuse MR. SINGER of being"ignorant" of anything; but I venture to suggest that those young gentlemenof surpassing spirit, who ate crocodiles, _drank_ UP eisell, and committedother anomalies against nature in honor of their mistresses, belongeddecidedly to a period of time anterior to that of Shakspeare, and wentquite out with the age of chivalry, of which Shakspeare saw scarcely eventhe fag end. Your lover of Shakspeare's time was quite another animal. Hehad begun to take beer. He had become much more subtle and self-satisfied. He did sometimes pen sonnets to his mistress's eye-brow, and sing softnothings to the gentle sighing of his "Lewte. " He sometimes indeed looked"pale and wan;" but, rather than for love, it was more than probably fromhis immoderate indulgence in the "newe weede, " which he _drank_[9], thoughI never discovered that it was _drank up_ by him. He generally wore adoublet and breeches of satin, slashed and lined with coloured taffata; andwalked about with a gilliflower in one hand, and his gloves in the other. His veritable portrait is extant, and is engraved in Mr. Knight's_Pictorial Shakspeare_. [10]

It will be time enough to decide which of us has run his head against "astumbling-block of his own making, " when MR. SINGER shall have found aprobable solution of his difficulty "by a parallelism in the poet's pages. "

H. K. STAPLE CAUSTON. 

 Vassall Road, Brixton, Feb. 21. 1851. 

[Footnote 4: This deduction is not warranted by the _Vocab. Della Crusca_, or any other Ital. Dic. To which I have had the opportunity of reference:and _Somner_ and _Lye_ are quite distinct on the A. -Sax. Words, _Wermod_and _Eisell_. ]

[Footnote 5: _Garden of Health_, 4to. London, 1633. The portions within thebrackets were omitted by MR. SINGER. ]

[Footnote 6: _Via Recta ad Vitam Longam_, by Thomas Venner, M. D. 4to. London, 1660. ]

[Footnote 7: _Med. Dict. _]

[Footnote 8: A description of the rivers Yssel will be found in _Dict. Géograph. De la Martinière_, v. Ix. Fo. 1739. ]

[Footnote 9: As the verb "to drink" was not limited to the act of bibition, but for MR. HICKSON'S decision against drinking up the "sea-serpent, " itmight yet become a question whether Hamlet's _eisell_ had not been amisprint for _eosol_ (asinus). ]

[Footnote 10: _Merchant of Venice_, Introduction. ]

{212}

 * * * * *

Replies to Minor Queries. 

_William Chilcott_ (Vol. Iii. , pp. 38. 73. ). --The few notes which followare very much at the service of your correspondent. William Chilcott, M. A. , was rector of St. George's, Exeter, where he died on May 30, 1711, at theage of forty-eight. The coat of arms on the tablet to his memory indicatesthat he married a Coplestone. His daughter Catherine died in August, 1695. The first edition of the _Practical Treatise concerning Evil Thoughts_ wasprinted at Exeter in 1690, and was dedicated to his parishioners. RobertChilcott, whom I take to be the brother of William, was rector of St. Mary-Major in Exeter, and died Feb. 7, 1689. 

There does not appear to be any evidence that the persons above mentioned, were descended from the Chilcotts of Tiverton, though the identity of theChristian names renders it probable. If the object were to trace theirancestors or their descendants, much might be added to the suggestions ofE. A. D. By searching the registers at Tiverton, and by comparing Prince's_Worthies of Devon_, ed. 1810, p. 213. , and Polwhele's _Devon_, vol. Iii. P. 351. , with Harding's _Tiverton_; in various parts of which eight or nineindividuals of the name are mentioned; especially vol. I. Book ii. P. 114. ;vol. Ii. Book iii. Pp. 101, 102. 167. 183. , and book iv. , p. 20. , where theconnexion of the Chilcotts with the families of Blundell, Hooper, Collamore, Crossing, Slee, and Hill, is set forth. Failing these, theobject might be attained by reference to the registers at Stogumber, co. Somerset, and of Northam, near Bideford, with the inscribed floorstones inthe church there. Something might perhaps be learned of their descendantsby reference to the registers at Exeter, and those at Morchard-Bishop, where a John Chilcott resided in 1700; Nympton St. George, where a familyof the same name lived about 1740; North Molton, where C. Chilcott wasvicar in 1786; and Dean Prior, where Joseph Chilcott was vicar about 1830. A Mr. Thomas Chilcott, who was an organist at Bath, married Ann, daughterof the Rev. Chichester Wrey. This lady died in 1758, and was buried atTavistock, near Barnstaple. The coat of arms on the tablet to her memory isalmost identical with the coat of the Rev. William Chilcott of Exeter firstabove mentioned. 

J. D. S. 

_Fossil Elk of Ireland_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 121. ). --In the _Edinburgh Journal ofScience_, New Series, vol. Ii. , 1830, p. 301. , is a curious paper by thelate Dr. Hibbert Ware, under the title of "Additional Contributions towardsthe History of the Cervus Euryceros, or Fossil Elk of Ireland. " It isillustrated with a copy of an engraving of an animal which Dr. H. W. Believes to have been the same as the Irish elk, and which was living inPrussia at the time of the publication of the book from which it is taken, viz. The _Cosmographia Universalis_ of Sebastian Munster: Basiliæ, 1550. 

Dr. H. W. In this paper refers to a former one in the third volume of thefirst series of the same journal, in which he advanced proofs that theCervus was a race which had but very recently become extinct. 

W. C. TREVELYAN. 

 Edinburgh, Feb. 19. 1851. 

_Canes Lesos_ (Vol. Iii. P. 141. ). --In a note to Beckwith's edition ofBlount's _Jocular Tenures_, 4to. 1815, p. 225. , Mr. Allan of Darlingtonanticipates your correspondent C. W. B. , and says, respecting Blount'sexplanation of "Canes lesos, " "I can meet with no such word in this sense:why may it not be dogs that have received some hurt? _læsos_ from _lædo_. "_Clancturam_ should be _clausturam_, and so it is given in the aboveedition, and explained "a tax for fencing. "

S. W. SINGER. 

"_By Hook or by Crook_" (vol. Iii. P. 116. ). --However unimaginative theworthy Cit may be for whose explanation of this popular phrase J. D. S. Hasmade himself answerable, the solution sounds so pretty, that to save itsobtaining further credence, more than your well-timed note is needed. Iwith safety can contradict it, for I find that "Tusser, " a Norfolk manliving in the reign of Henry VIII. , in a poem which he wrote as a completemonthly guide and adviser for the farmer through the year, but which wasnot published till 1590, in the thirty-second year of Queen Elizabeth, hasthe following advice for March 30:

 "Of mastiues and mongrels, that many we see A number of thousands, to many there be: Watch therefore in Lent, to thy sheepe go and looke, For dogs will have vittels, by hooke and by crooke. "

This must be a Norfolk phrase; for in January he advises farmers possessing"Hollands, " rich grass lands, to only keep ewes that bear twins, "twinlins. "

BLOWEN. 

This appears as a well-known proverbial expression long before the timepointed out by J. D. S. Thus, in _Devout Contemplations_, by Fr. Ch. DeFonseca, Englished by J. M. , London, 1629, we read that the Devil

 "Overthroweth monasteries; through sloth and idleness soliciting religious men to be negligent in coming to Church, careless in preaching, and loose in their lives. In the marriage bed he soweth tares, treacheries, and lightness. With worldly men he persuadeth that he is nobody that is not rich, and therefore, _bee it by hooke or by crooke_, by right or wrong, he would have them get to be wealthy. "

W. D--N. 

_Suem. _--Allow me to suggest to your correspondents C. W. G. (Vol. Iii. , p. 7. ) and [Delta]. (Vol. Iii. , p. 75. ), that _suem_ is probably a form of theA. -S. Word _seam_, a _horse-load_, and generally a _burden_. For cognates, see Bosworth's _A. -S. Dict. _ {213} I may add, that the word is written_swun_ in a charter of Edward the Confessor, printed by Hickes in his_Thesaurus_, vol. I. P. 159. , as follows:

 "--ic ann [þæt] ðridde treow. [et] [þæt] ðridde swun of ævesan ðæs nextan wudes ðe liþ to kyngesbyrig, " &c. 

Which Hickes thus renders:

 "Dono tertiam quamque arborem, et tertiam quamque sarcinam jumentariam fructuum, qui nascuntur in sylva proxime ad kyngesbyrig sita, " &c. 

R. M. W. 

_Sir George Downing_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 69. ). --The following extract of aletter in Cartes' _Letters_, ii. 319. , confirms the accuracy of thememorandum as to Sir G. Downing's parentage, sent you by J. P. C. Theletter is from T. Howard to Charles II. , written April 5, 1660, on the eveof the Restoration. Downing had offered to Howard to serve the King, --

 "alleging to be engaged in a contrary party by his father, who was banished into New England, where he was brought up, and had sucked in principles that since his reason had made him see were erroneous. "

CH. 

_Miching malicho_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 3. ). --Your correspondent MR. COLLIER isprobably not aware that his suggestion respecting the meaning of _Malicho_had been anticipated upwards of twenty years since. In the unpretendingedition of Shakspeare by another of your correspondents, MR. SINGER, printed in 1825, I find the following note:--

 "_Miching malicho_ is lurking mischief, or evil doing. _To mich_, for to skulk, to lurk, was an old English verb in common use in Shakspeare's time; and _Malicho_, or _Malhecho_, misdeed, he has borrowed from the Spanish. Many stray words of Spanish and Italian were then affectedly used in common conversation, as we have seen French used in more recent times. The Quarto spell the word _Mallicho_. Our ancestors were not particular in orthography, and often spelt according to the ear. "

I have since looked at MR. COLLIER'S note to which he refers, and find thathe interprets _miching_ by _stealing_, which will not suit the context; andabundant examples may be adduced that to _mich_ was to _skulk_, to _lurk_, as MR. SINGER has very properly explained it. Thus Minsheu:--

 "To MICHE, or secretly hide himself out of the way, as TRUANTS doe from Schoole, vi. _to hide_, to cover. "

and again--

 "A _micher_, vi. _Truant_. "

MR. COLLIER'S text, too, is not satisfactory, for he has abandoned the oldword _Malicho_, and given _Mallecho_, which is as far from the true form ofthe Spanish word as the old reading, which he should either have preservedor printed _Malhecho_, as Minsheu gives it. 

I am glad to see from your pages that MR. SINGER has not entirely abandonedShakspearian illustration, for in my difficulties I have rarely consultedhis edition in vain; and, in my humble opinion, it is as yet the mostpractically useful and readable edition we have. 

FIAT JUSTITIA. 

_Cor Linguæ, &c. _ (Vol. Iii. , p. 168. ). --The lines quoted by J. Bs. Occurin the poem "De Palpone et Assentatore, " printed in the volume of _LatinPoems_, commonly attributed to Walter Mapes, edited by Mr. T. Wright forthe Camden Society, 1841, at p. 112. , with a slight variation inexpression, as follows:--

 "Cor linguæ foederat naturæ sanctio, Tanquam legitimo quodam connubio; Ergo cum dissonant cor et locutio, Sermo concipitur ex adulterio. "

Mr. Wright's only source quoted for the poem is MS. Cotton, Vespas, E. Xii. Of its authority he remarks (Preface, p. Xx. ), that the writer's name wascertainly Walter, but that he appears to have lived at Wimborne, with whichplace Walter Map is not traced to have had any connexion; and if Mr. Wright's conjecture be correct, that the young king alluded to in it isHenry III. , it must of course have been written some years after WalterMap's death. 

J. G. N. 

_Under the Rose_ (Vol. I. , pp. 214. 458. ; Vol. Ii. , pp. 221. 323. ). --I amsurprised that no one has noticed Sir T. Browne's elucidations of thisphrase. (_Vulg. Err. _ lib. V. Cap. 21. § 7. ) Besides the explanationreferred to by ARCHÆUS (Vol. I. , p. 214. ), he says:

 "The expression is commendable, if the rose from any _naturall_ propertie may be the symbole of silence, as Nazienzene seems to imply in these translated verses--

 'Utque latet Rosa verna suo putamine clausa, Sic os vinela ferat, validisque arctetur habenis, Indicatque suis prolixa silentia labris. '"

He explains "the Germane custome, which over the table describeth a rose inthe seeling" (Vol. Ii. , pp. 221. 323. ), by making the phrase to refer onlyto the secrecy to be observed "in society and compotation, from the ancientcustome in Symposiacke meetings to wear chapletts of roses about theirheads. "

ACHE. 

"_Impatient to speak and not see_" (Vol. Ii. , p. 490. ). --There is no doubtof the fine interpretation of your correspondent; but it is not illustratedby the Latin. Also, I apprehend, "indocilis pati" is not put for "indocilispatiendi. " It is a common use of _to_--proud to be praised; angry to be soill-treated. 

It illustrates a line in Hotspur, the construction of which Warburton wouldhave altered:

 "I then, all smarting, and my wounds being cold, _To be_ so pestered, " &c. , _i. E. _ at being. 

May I mention a change in _Troilus and Cressida_ which I have longentertained, but with doubt:

 "And with an accent tun'd in self-same key, Retires to chiding fortune. "

{214}

Pope reads "returns, " Hanmer "replies. " My conjecture is "recries. "

C. B. 

_Bishop Frampton_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 61. ). --See an interesting notice of hispreaching in Pepys' _Diary_, Jan. 20, 1666-7; and what is said of him inLathbury's _Nonjurors_, p. 203. But probably MR. EVANS is already aware ofthese references to Bishop Frampton, whose life is a desideratum which manywill be glad to hear is going to be supplied. 

E. H. A. 

_Old Tract on the Eucharist_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 169. ). --The author of the tracton the Eucharist, referred to by ABHBA, was the Rev. John Patrick. Thetitle of the tract, as given in the catalogues of Archbishop Wake, No. 22. ;of Dr. Gee, No. 73. ; and of Peck, No. 286. , of the _Discourses againstPopery during the Reign of James II. _, is as follows:--

 "A Full View of the Doctrines and Practices of the Ancient Church relating to the Eucharist, wholly different from those of the present _Roman_ Church, and inconsistent with the Belief of Transubstantiation; being a sufficient Confutation of _Consensus Veterum_, _Nubes Testium_, and other late Collections of the Fathers pretending the contrary. By _John Patrick, Preacher at the Charter-house_, 1688. 4to. "

E. C. HARRINGTON. 

 Exeter, March 3. 1851. 

This tract is in 4to. , and contains pp. Xv. 202. It is one of the morevaluable of the numerous tracts published on the Roman Catholic controversyduring the reign of James II. In a collection of more than two hundred ofthese made at the period of publication, and now in my library, the namesof the authors are written upon the titles, and this is attributed to _Mr. Patrick_. In another collection from the library of the late Mr. WalterWilson, it is stated to be by _Bishop Patrick_. Bishop Gibson reprinted thetract in his _Preservative against Popery_, London, 1738, fol. Vol. Ii. Tit. Vii. Pp. 176--252. ; and in the table of contents says that it waswritten by "Mr. Patrick, late preacher of the Charter-house. " Not BishopPatrick therefore, but his brother, Dr. John Patrick, who died 1695, agedsixty-three, was the author of this tract. 

JOHN J. DREDGE. 

_Was Hugh Peters ever on the Stage?_ (Vol. Iii. , p. 166. ). --I possess

 "A Dying Father's last Legacy to an Onely Child, or Hugh Peter's Advice to his Daughter. Written by his own Hand during his late Imprisonment in the Tower of London, and given her a little before his Death. London, 1660:"

which advice he ends, p. 94. , with--

 "The Father of our Lord Jesus Christ preserve you to his Heavenly Kingdom, my poor child. 

 "To ELIZABETH PETERS. "

And then, after a poem at p. 97. , he commences a short sketch of his lifewith--

 "I shall give you an account of myself and dealings, that (if possible) you may wipe off some dirt, or be the more content to carry it. "

That part of his life which would bear upon this subject reads thus, p. 98. :--

 "When (at Cambridge) I spent some years vainly enough, being but fourteen years old when thither I came, my tutor died, and I was exposed to my shifts. Coming from thence, at London God struck me with the sense of my sinful estate by a sermon I heard under Paul's. "

The wonderful success of his lecture at Sepulchre's caused it to beasserted by his enemies, that his enthusiastic style of preaching was butstage buffoonery. (See p. 100. )

 "At this lecture the resort grew so great, that it contracted envie and anger . .. There were six or seven thousand hearers . .. And I went to Holland:"

thereby leaving his character to be maligned. I do not believe, from thetone of the condemned man's _Legacy_, that he would purposely avoid anymention of the stage, had he appeared on it, and "usually performed thepart of a clown;" in fact it appears, that immediately on his coming intoLondon he was awakened by the "sermon under Paul's, which stuck fast:" healmost directly left for Essex, and was converted by "the love and laboursof Mr. Thomas Hooker. I there preacht;" so that he was mostly preachingitinerantly in Essex, when it is asserted that he was "a player inShakespeare's company. " That _Legacy_ in question, and a book autograph ofHugh Peters, are at the service of DR. RIMBAULT. 

BLOWEN. 

 * * * * *

Miscellaneous. 

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. 

All who take an interest in English philology will join in the wishexpressed a few pages back by one of the highest authorities on thesubject, Mr. Albert Way--namely, "that the Philological Society has notabandoned their project of compiling a complete Provincial Glossary;" andwill greet as a valuable contribution towards that great desideratum, everyskilful attempt to record a local dialect. As such, Mr. Sternberg'svaluable little book, _The Dialect and Folk Lore of Northamptonshire_, willmeet a hearty welcome from our philological friends; and no less hearty awelcome from those who find in "popular superstitions, fairy-lore, andother traces of Teutonic heathenism, " materials for profitable speculationon the ancient mythology of these islands. We are bound to speak thusfavourably of Mr. Sternberg's researches in this department, since someportion of them were first communicated by him to our Folk-Lore columns. 

BOOKS RECEIVED. --_Vestiges of the Gael in Gwynedd, by the Rev. WilliamBasil Jones, M. A. _ A learned essay on the subject of deep interest to theantiquaries {215} of the Principality, involving, as it does among otherquestions, that of the claim of the Gael, or the Cymry, to be theaborigines of the country. 

_The Book of Family Crests, comprising nearly every Family Bearing, properly blazoned and explained, accompanied by upwards of Four ThousandEngravings, with the Surnames of the Bearers, Dictionary of Mottoes, andGlossary of Terms_, in 2 Vols. , Sixth Edition. The best criticism on thispopular work, with its _well blazoned_ title-page bearing the words SIXTHEDITION on its _honour point_, is to state, as a proof of its completeness, that it records the Crests of upwards of ninety _Smiths_, and nearly fifty_Smyths_ and _Smythes_. 

_Illustrations of Medieval Costume in England, collected from MSS. In theBritish Museum_, by T. A. Day and J. B. Dines. When before did Englishantiquaries see four plates of costume, some of them coloured, sold for oneshilling? As an attempt at cheapening and so popularising archæologicalliterature, the work deserves encouragement. 

CATALOGUES RECEIVED. --William and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street, CoventGarden) German Book Circular, No. 27. ; G. Bumstead's (205. High Holborn)Catalogue Part 49. Of Interesting and Rare Books; Cole's (15. GreatTurnstile) List No. 33. Of very Cheap Books; B. Quaritch's (16. CastleStreet, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 26. Of Books in all Languages. 

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BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. 

ARCHÆOLOGIA. Vol. 3. 

FRERE'S TRANSLATIONS FROM ARISTOPHANES. 

MORRISON'S EDIT. OF BURNS' WORKS, 4 Vols. , printed at Perth. 

HERD'S COLLECTION OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SCOTTISH SONGS, Vol. 2. Edin. 1778. 

BLIND HARRY'S "WALLACE, " edited by Dr. Jamieson. 4to. Companion volume to"THE BRUCE. "

BARROW'S (ISAAC) WORKS. Vol. 1. 1683; or 8 leaves a--d, "Some Account ofthe Life, " &c. 

*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to besent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES, " 186. Fleet Street. 

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Notices to Correspondents. 

R. C. P. "Thal, " "Theam, " "Thealonia, " _in the Charter referred to, arecertain rights of toll, of which the peculiarities will be found in any LawDictionary; and "Infangethe" was the privilege of judging any thief withinthe fee. _

S. P. Q. R. _We must refer this correspondent also to a Law Dictionary fora full explanation of the terms Sergeant and Sergeantcy. A Deed_ Poll _isplain at the top, and is so called to distinguish it from a Deed_ Indented, _which is cut in and out at the top. _

TYRO. _The work quoted as_ Gammer Gurton _in the_ Arundines Cami, _is thecollection of_ Nursery Rhymes _first formed by Ritson, and of which anenlarged edition was published by Triphook in 1810, under the title of_Gammer Gurton's Garland, _or_ The Nursery Parnassus, &c. 

R. C. _The music, &c. Of_ "The Roast Beef of England, " "Britons StrikeHome, " _and_ "The Grenadier's March, " _will be found in Mr. Chappell's_Collection of National English Airs. _Webbe's Glee_, "Hail Star ofBrunswick, " _the words of which are by Young, may doubtless be got atCramer's. We cannot point out a collection containing the words and musicof_ "Croppies lie down. "

K. R. H. M. _All received. _

A. E. B. _is thanked for his suggested monogram, which shall not be lostsight of: also for his friendly criticism. _

HERMES. _We have received a packet from Holland for our correspondent. Willhe inform us how it may be forwarded to him?_

M. Or N. _The meaning of these initials in our_ Catechism _and_ Form ofMatrimony _is still involved in great obscurity. See_ "NOTES AND QUERIES, "Vol. I. , pp. 415. 476. ; Vol. Ii. , p. 61. 

DE NAVORSCHER. _Mr. Nult is the London Agent for the supply of our Dutchally, the yearly subscription to which is about Ten Shillings. _

"Conder on Provincial Coins" _has been reported to the Publisher. Will theperson who wants this book send his address?_

REPLIES RECEIVED. --_Head of the Saviour--Borrow's Danish Ballads--Mistletoeon Oaks--Lord Howard of Effingham--Passage in Merchant ofVenice--Waste-book--Dryden's Absolom--MS. Of Bede--AltarLights--Auriga--Ralph Thoresby's Library--St. John's Bridge Fair--ClosingRooms--North Side of Churchyards--Barons of Hugh Lupus--TandemD. O. M. --Fronte Capillatâ--Haybands in Seals--Hanger--Countess ofDesmond--Aristophanes on Modern Stage--Engimatical Epitaph--Notes onNewspapers--Duncan Campbell--MS. Sermons by J. Taylor--Dr. Dodd--D. O. M. S. --Hooper's Godly Confession--Finkle Street--"She was--butwords are wanting"--Umbrella--Conquest--Old Tract on the Eucharist--Princeof Wales's Motto--By Hook or by Crook--Lights on the Altar--Derivation ofFib, &c. --Extradition, Ignore, &c. --Obeahism--Thesaurus Hospitii--ChristmasDay--Camden and Curwen Families--Death by Burning--Organ Blower--ThomasMay--Friday Weather. _

VOLS. I. And II. , _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price9s. 6d. Each. _

NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers andNewsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our countrySubscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring itregularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c. , are, probably, not yetaware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES ANDQUERIES _in their Saturday parcels. _

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{216}

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