Transcriber's Note: Inconsistencies in hyphenation and spelling found inthe original book have been retained in this version. A list of theseinconsistencies is found at the end of the text. 

 CATALOGUE OF EARLY PRINTED BOOKS

 CATALOGUE

 OF THE

 WILLIAM LORING ANDREWS

 COLLECTION OF EARLY BOOKS

 IN THE

 LIBRARY OF YALE UNIVERSITY

 [Printer's Seal]

 NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMXIII

 COPYRIGHT, 1913 BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Printed from type October, 1913. 300 copies

PREFACE

The collection of early printed books presented to the Library of YaleUniversity in 1894 by Mr. William Loring Andrews, of New York, wasformed to illustrate the first century of printing, which is a betterboundary for the survey than the half-century ending with the year 1500, more often chosen. The latter, the so-styled cradle period of the art, is wanting in real definition, being at most a convenient halting place, not a completed stage, whereas at the middle of the sixteenth centurythe printed book of the better class had acquired most of its maturerfeatures and no longer has for us an unfamiliar look. Designed to serveas a permanent exhibition, it is a selection rather than a collection, not large, but wisely chosen, and no less attractive than instructive, having been formed a quarter of a century ago, at a time whenopportunities were unusually favorable. 

The surviving books of the first presses, which are the chief sources ofour knowledge of the early art, are at the same time, when obtainable, the most efficient teachers. For the illustration of the typography, thefeature of first importance, there is nothing comparable to the openpages of a representative series of the original books, such as are herespread out before us. The best of the available substitutes, phototypereproductions of specimen pages, apart from other limitations, mustalways lack the authority and the impressiveness of the originals. 

While it is the main office of the present collection to set before thestudents of the University as a whole the more general features of theart of the early printer, a further service which it is prepared torender must not be overlooked. To such as are prompted to go into thesubject more deeply it offers an excellent body of the originalmaterial upon which any serious study must of necessity be based. 

The two fine fifteenth century MSS. At the head of the collection, farfrom serving a merely ornamental purpose, like their own illuminatedinitials for example, are a needful introduction. It is obvious thatfrom such sources the first printers got the models of their types, andthe MSS. In which Jenson found the prototypes of his famous romancharacters, which in the judgment of some are still unsurpassed, couldnot have been very remote from these. Some of the more striking featureswhich distinguish the early printed books from the later were notoriginal with them, but only survivals from the MSS. The abbreviationsand contractions in which both abound were the labor-saving devices ofthe copyists, adopted without hesitation by the printers who used theMSS. As copy and only slowly abandoned. The copyist left spaces in hisMS. For initials to be supplied by the illuminator, without which hiswork was not considered complete, and for about a hundred years theprinter continued to do the same. If the copyist saw fit to attach hisname to his work, we look for it at the end of the volume and there alsothe printer placed his colophon. Signatures and catchwords, to guide thebinder in the arrangement of the sheets, did not come in with theprinted book, but had long been in use in the MSS. 

Although out of the hundreds of presses active during the first centuryonly a score are here represented, leaving wide gaps in the series, itis better, because more nearly in the natural line of development, thatthe books should be ranged under the country, the locality and the pressto which they severally belong, than that they should be kept in strictchronological order. A general chronological order underlies thegeographical even where it does not come to the surface. By right ofseniority Germany stands at the head, and Mainz, the birthplace ofprinting, is followed by the other German towns in the order of theirpress age. Next come the presses of Italy, France, Holland and England, arranged in like order. To prevent, however, too wide a departure fromthe chronological succession which would result from the strictapplication of this rule, the later, i. E. , the sixteenth century, Veniceand Paris books are separated from the earlier and transferred to theend of the list, where in point of development they properly belong. Placed in the order thus indicated, the books, as befits so small atotal, are numbered consecutively in one series. The conspectus, whichbrings into one view the titles, dates, places and printers' names, willserve also as a sufficient index. 

While we are here most concerned with the genealogy and family historyof the books, or in other words with their press relationships, thepersonal history attaching to them--_habent sua fata libelli_--is notwithout interest. The Zeno MS. And the Philo, printed on vellum, are thededication copies, not merely set apart, but specially prepared for thisuse. In a few of the volumes are found the names or the arms of earlyowners. The Livy MS. And one-half of the printed books are from thelibrary, dispersed in 1886, of Michael Wodhull (1740-1816) of Thenford, Northamptonshire, the first translator into English verse of all theextant works of Euripides, the most assiduous and painstaking and insome departments of bibliography the best equipped among the bookcollectors of his day. It was his custom (well illustrated in thepresent collection) to enter on the fly-leaf of each purchase the sourceand the cost, adding as a separate item the binding, often by RogerPayne, and to affix his name and the date. His _visé_ "Collat: &complet:" is seldom wanting and often bibliographical notes andreferences to authorities are added. Justinian's _Novellae_, printed bySchoeffer, and all the Aldine press books save one are from the librarygathered at Syston Park, Lincolnshire, by Sir John Thorold and his son, Sir John Hayford Thorold, between 1775 and 1831 and sold in 1884. 

One valued mark of ownership, common to all the volumes, is the _exlibris_ of the lover of choice books who united them in one family, notagain to be separated, and gave them into the keeping of the UniversityLibrary. 

The accompanying list of Authorities, as will be apparent, is intendedto supply merely the details necessary to complete the references of thecatalogue. 

Acknowledgments are due from the compiler to his associates in theLibrary and the University for assistance in the catalogue. 

ADDISON VAN NAME, _Librarian Emeritus_. 

Yale University Library, September, 1913. 

AUTHORITIES. 

Ames, J. Typographical antiquities, or, History of printing in England, Scotland and Ireland, enlarged by T. F. Dibdin. 4 v. 4^o. Lond. , 1810-19. 

Blades, W. The life and typography of William Caxton. 2 v. 4^o. Lond. , 1861-3. 

British Museum. Catalogue of books printed in the XVth century now in the British Museum. Pt. I, ii. 4^o. Lond. , 1908-12. 

Brown, H. F. The Venetian printing press. 4^o. N. Y. And Lond. , 1891. 

Brunet, J. C. Manuel du libraire. 5^e éd. 6 v. 8^o. Paris, 1860-5. 

Burger, K. Deutsche und italienische Inkunabeln. Lief. I-ix. F^o. Berlin, 1892-1912. 

Campbell, M. F. A. G. Annales de l'imprimerie néerlandaise au XV^e siècle. 8^o. La Haye, 1874-90. 

Claudin, A. The first Paris press: an account of the books printed for G. Fichet and J. Heynlin in the Sorbonne 1470-72. [Bibl. Soc. Illust. Monogr. Vi. ] 4^o. Lond. , 1897. 

Copinger, W. A. Incunabula Biblica. 4^o. Lond. , 1892. 

---- Supplement to Hain's Repertorium bibliographicum. 2 pt. In 3 v. 8^o. Lond. , 1895-1902. 

Crevenna, P. A. Bolongaro. Catalogue des livres de la bibliothèque de M. Pierre-Antoine Bolongaro-Crevenna. 5 v. 8^o. Amsterdam, 1789. 

De Vinne, T. L. Notable printers of Italy during the fifteenth century. 4^o. New York, 1910. 

Didot, A. Firmin. Alde Manuce et l'Hellénisme à Venise. 8^o. Paris, 1875. 

Duff, E. Gordon. A century of the English book trade. 4^o. Lond. , 1905. 

---- Hand-lists of English printers 1501-1556. Pt. I, ii. 4^o. Lond. , 1895-6. 

Hain, L. Repertorium bibliographicum. 2 v. In 4 pt. 8^o. Stuttgart, 1826-38. 

Le Long, J. Bibliotheca sacra, continuata ab A. G. Masch. 2 pt. In 5 v. 4^o. Halae, 1778-90. 

Morgan, J. Pierpont. Catalogue of manuscripts and early printed books now forming a portion of the library of J. Pierpont Morgan. 3 v. F^o. Lond. , 1907. 

Panzer, G. W. Annales typographici ab artis inventae origine ad annum MDXXXVI. 11 v. 4^o. Norimbergae, 1793-1803. 

Pellechet, M. Catalogue général des incunables des bibliothèques publiques de France. T. I-iii. 8^o. Paris, 1897-1909. 

Philippe, J. Origine de l'imprimerie à Paris. 8^o. Paris, 1885. 

Pollard, A. W. An essay on colophons. [Caxton Club]. 4^o. Chicago, 1905. 

Proctor, R. An index to the early printed books in the British Museum. 8^o. Lond. , 1898. 

---- The printing of Greek in the fifteenth century. [Bibl. Soc. Illust. Monogr. Viii]. 4^o. Lond. , 1900. 

Quaritch, B. , _ed. _ Contributions toward a dictionary of English book-collectors. Pt. I-xiii. 8^o. Lond. , 1892-9. 

Renouard, A. A. Annales de l'imprimerie des Alde. 3^e éd. 8^o. Paris, 1834. 

---- Annales de l'imprimerie des Estienne. 2^e éd. 8^o. Paris, 1843. 

Ricci, Seymour de. Catalogue raisonné des premières impressions de Mayence (1445-1467). [Veröff. Der Gutenberg-Gesellseh. Viii-ix]. 4^o. Mainz, 1911. 

---- A census of Caxtons. [Bibl. Soc. Illust. Monogr. Xvi]. 4^o. Lond. , 1909. 

CONSPECTUS

MANUSCRIPTS

 PAGE

 1. ZENO. Vita Caroli Zeni 1 2. LIVIUS. Historiarum libri I-X 3

PRINTED BOOKS

 1. BIBLIA LATINA Mainz J. Fust & P. 1462 5 Schoeffer 2. JUSTINIANUS. Novellae " P. Schoeffer 1477 6 3. ISIDORUS. Etymologiae [Strassburg] [J. Mentelin] [c. 1473] 8 4. GESTA ROMANORUM [Cologne] [U. Zell] [c. 1473] 10 5. GREGORIUS I. Homiliae [Augsburg] [G. Zainer] 1473 11 6. PSALTERIUM LATINUM " " [c. 1473] 12 7. MODUS perveniendi ad sapientiam " " [c. 1473] 13 8. HUGO. De arrha animae " " 1473 13 9. CARACCIOLUS. De poenitentia Venice Wendelin of Speier 1472 1410. VALLA. Elegantiae linguae Latinae " N. Jenson 1471 1511. PLINIUS. Naturalis historia " " 1472 1712. NONIUS MARCELLUS. De compendiosa doctrina " " 1476 1913. DULLAERT. Quaestiones super F. Renner & Nicolas Aristotelem de anima " of Frankf. 1473 2114. ARISTOTELES. De animalibus " John of Cologne & J. Manthen 1476 2215. UBERTINUS. Arbor vitae crucifixae Jesu " A. De Bonetis 1485 2316. ALBERTIS. De amoris remedio [Florence] 1471 2417. AESOPUS. Vita et fabulae [Milan] Bonus Accursius [c. 1480] 2618. OVIDIUS. Metamorphoses Parma A. Portilia 1480 2819. PIUS II. De duobus [Paris] [Friburger, Gering amantibus & Crantz] [1472] 2820. PIUS II. De curialium miseria " " [1472] 2921. PLATO. Epistolae " " [1472] 3022. MAGNI. Sophologium " Crantz, Gering & 1477 32 Friburger23. HIERONYMUS. Vaderboeck [Zwolle] P. Van Os 1490 3324. HIGDEN. Polychronicon Westminster W. Caxton [1482] 3425. ORDINARY of Christians London W. De Worde 1506 3826. INTRATIONES " R. Pynson 1510 4027. PLUTARCHUS. Moralia Venice Aldus Manutius 1509 4128. SCRIPTORES rei rusticae " " 1514 4329. CICERO. Rhetorica " Andrea d'Asola 1521 4530. CELSUS. De medicina " " 1528 4731. CICERO. Epistolae ad Atticum " Aldi filii 1540 4732. CICERO. Orationes " " 1546 4933. PTOLEMAEUS. Planisphaerium " Paulus Manutius 1558 5034. LIVIUS. Historiae Romanae " " 1572 5135. BIBLIA LATINA Paris Vidua Th. Kerver 1549 5236. PHILO. De divinis decem " C. Stephanus 1554 55 oraculis

MANUSCRIPTS

1. ZENO, JACOPO. Vitæ, morum, rerumque gestarum Caroli Zeni libri X. 1458. 

Fine white vellum, 192 leaves, in 19 quires of ten leaves each and twoadditional leaves at the end, the last of which is blank. Signed on thelower inner angle of the last page of each quire by a letter (A-T) whichis repeated at the point directly facing it on the first page of the nextquire. Leaves four to seven of the first quire and all of quires three toeight, a total of sixty-four leaves, have 28 lines to the page, the rest27 lines. Ruled on one side only with a hard point. Leaf 10-1/2 × 7 in. , text-page 7 × 3-3/4 in. 

Written in regular Italian minuscules of the 15th century, formed on themodels of the 11th and 12th centuries. 

The subject of the memoir is the distinguished Venetian Admiral CarloZeno (1334-1418), brother of Nicolo and Antonio, reputed discoverers ofAmerica. His biographer, Jacopo Zeno (1417-1481), Bishop of Feltre andBelluno, and later of Padua, was his grandson. The work is dedicated toPius II. In honor of his recent elevation to the papal throne, and sincethis is evidently the dedication copy, the accession of Enea SilvioPiccolomini in August, 1458, fixes approximately the date of the MS. InApril, 1460, Jacopo Zeno was translated to the see of Padua. 

The execution and the decoration of the MS. Are in keeping with itsspecial use. The gratulatory preface occupying ten pages is introducedby the following heading in letters of burnished gold:

IN LIBROS VITÆ MORVM RERVMQ: GESTARVM CAROLI ZENI VENETI. AD PIVMSECVNDVM PONTIFICEM MAXIMVM. IACOBI FELTRENSIS ET BELLVNENSISANTISTITIS PRAEFATIO: [G]LORIOSA.... The ornamentation of the ten-lineilluminated initial G is of the interlaced style, and a border ofsimilar pattern surrounds the entire page, enclosing on the front marginvignettes--a vase, two rabbits and a stork--and at the foot thePiccolomini arms, supported by kneeling angels and surmounted by thepapal keys and tiara. Each of the ten books has a heading in burnishedgold in which the dedication to Pius II. Is repeated, and an initial oflike character to that of the preface, with a marginal ornament. Theoccasional marginal subject-headings and the book-number at the top ofeach leaf are likewise in gold. 

The Latin text has thus far been printed only in Muratori's RerumItalicarum Scriptores (of which a new edition is now in progress), vol. Xix, Milan, 1731, from a MS. Then, and still, preserved in the libraryof the Episcopal Seminary at Padua. This MS. , the only one which he wasable to discover, Muratori describes in the following language: "Codexautem Patavinus quamquam pervetustus a non satis docto Librarioprofectus est ac proinde occurrunt ibi quaedam parum castigata, quaedametiam plane vitiata. Mutilus praeterea est in fine, ubi non multa quidemsed tamen aliqua desiderantur. " Muratori's text breaks off in the middleof a sentence at the end of the nineteenth (i. E. The last full) quire ofour MS. , and accordingly lacks only the seventeen lines contained on thenext leaf, which is the last. If, as seems quite possible, the quiringof the two MSS. Is the same, the loss of the single unprotected leaf atthe end is the more readily explained. 

In 1591 there was published at Bergamo an abridged Italian version, madefrom an illuminated MS. Which had once belonged to the famous library ofMatthias Corvinus, but was then in the possession of Caterino Zeno, governor of Bergamo. It had been among the spoils carried toConstantinople after the capture of Buda by the Turks in 1526. There, seven years later, it had been bought and carried back to Italy byCaterino's father, the younger Nicolo, who, in 1558, first gave to theworld the narrative of his ancestors' voyages. For no better reasonsthan that the Paduan MS. Also was illuminated in gold and colors, andthat it had been bought twenty-five years before (c. 1700) in Venicewhere this branch of the Zeno family had become extinct, Muratori wasinclined to identify it with the Corvinus MS. The relations between PiusII. And the king of Hungary, who was his ally in the proposed crusadeagainst the Turks upon which he was just embarking when overtaken bydeath, and to whom the 48, 000 ducats which he left behind him were sentin aid of the prosecution of war, suggest another possibility. It may besafely assumed that between the present MS. , given only an opportunityto acquire it, and any other copy the king's choice could not havehesitated. 

The MS. Is in 18th-century Italian binding, red morocco, gilt edges. Sold with other MSS. From the library of the Trivulzio family of Milanat Leavitt's auction, New York City, November, 1886. 

2. LIVIUS, TITUS. Historiarum Romanarum libri I-X. Late 15th century. 

Vellum. 336 leaves, the last blank. 34 quires all having ten leaves, except the 17th and 34th which have eight each. 31 lines to the page;catchword placed at right angles with the last line of the quire; ruledon both sides with plummet. Leaf 14-1/2 × 10 in. , text-page 9 × 6 in. 

Written in very regular, bold Italian minuscules of the period of theRenaissance. 

The first page of the preface is surrounded by an illuminated border ingold and colors in the Renaissance style of ornament, into which areintroduced the Caraccioli arms belonging to the distinguished Neapolitanfamily of that name. The initial F on this page is historiated with aview of Rome, and each of the ten books has an eight-line initial ofdull gold on a background of red, blue and green, with marginalornamentation. 

From the close agreement, even in punctuation, between this MS. And theedition printed at Milan in 1495 by Ulrich Scinzenzeler for AlexanderMinutianus, and from other features which forbid the supposition thatone is taken directly from the other, we must conclude that they bothreproduce a common ancestor. 

This MS. Of the first Decade of Livy is in unusually fine preservation, and is bound in russia extra, with broad borders of gold and giltmarbled edges. 

Brought from Palermo by Dr. Anthony Askew (1722-1772), it was sold withhis collection of MSS. In 1785. Michael Wodhull, Esq. , of Thenford, Northamptonshire, who gave seven guineas for the volume at "White'ssale" in March, 1798, added to his customary entry of these details onthe fly-leaf this note: "This appears to be the very Book which I sawSir W. Burrell purchase at Dr. Askew's manuscript Auction (No. 482) forthirty-two guineas; in Sir W. Burrell's Auction, May, 1796, it is saidto have gone for about five (No. 657). The note in _Bib. Askev. Manuscripta_ is: 'Ex Panormo in Sicilia hunc cod. Adduxit secum Cl. Askevius. ' & '300 annor. MSS. Longe pulcherrimus. '"

At the sale of the Wodhull library in January, 1886, the Livy MS. Andthe greater part of the 15th-century books hereinafter described wereacquired by the donor of the collection, William Loring Andrews, M. A. , of New York City. 

PRINTED BOOKS

1. BIBLIA LATINA. Moguntiae, Johannes Fust et Petrus Schoeffer, 14 August, 1462. 

[Folio. 481 leaves, 2 columns, 48 lines to the column, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination. ]

Leaves 204, 205 containing Judith xiv. 17--Esther iv. 4. 

 _Fol. 204^b, col. 1_ (red): expl_icit_ liber iudith secundu_m_ ieronimu_m_. Incipit p_r_ologus in libru_m_ hester. _Col. 2_ (red): Explicit p_r_olog_us_. Incip. Liber hester. Hain *3050. Pellechet 2281. Copinger 4. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , I, p. 22. Burger pl. 74. De Ricci 79. 

Five-line initial of prologue and fourteen-line initial I of Esther i. 1supplied in colors. Heading of leaf in alternate red and blue capitals. Initial-strokes in red on text capitals. Measurement 16-1/4 × 11-1/2 in. 

The fourth printed Bible, and the first in which place, printers' namesand date are given. These details, which are wanting in so many of thebooks of the early printers, Fust and Schoeffer--and Schoeffer when hecarried on the business alone--rarely failed to add to anything largeenough to be called a book that came from their press. This is theirfifth book and the colophon attached to the first, the famous Psalter of1457, was repeated in them all, with no essential change beyond thedate, and continued to do duty for ten years longer. In the presentBible among the typographical differences found in the copies are threevarieties of the colophon, two of which however are identical inlanguage and differ only in the printers' use of contractions andcapitals. The more common of the forms affirms that: "This present workby the ingenious invention of printing or stamping letters without anyscratching of the pen has been thus fashioned in the city of Mainz andto the worship of God has been diligently brought to completion byJohann Fust citizen and Peter Schoeffer clerk of the same diocese in theyear of the Lord 1462, on the eve of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. "

In Seymour de Ricci's "Catalogue raisonné des premières impressions deMayence (1445-1467), " Mainz, 1911, 61 known copies of this Bible, 36 ofthem on vellum, are enumerated and 41 copies which cannot now be traced. The fragment in our possession is entered (No. 115) as one leaf only, instead of two. 

The second dated Bible, the eleventh in the series of printed Bibles, was that of Sweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1471; the third was a reprintby Schoeffer in 1472 of the present edition, page for page, line forline and in the same type. 

2. JUSTINIANUS. Novellae constitutiones, sive Authenticum. Consuetudines feudorum. Codicis libri X-XII. Moguntiae, Petrus Schoeffer, 21 August, 1477. 

_Fol. 1^a. _ [Text (red)]: In no_m_i_n_e d_omi_ni n_ost_ri ih_es_uchr_ist_i. De heredib_us_ et falcidia _con_st_ituti_o prima si hereslegata soluere noluerit Incipit co_n_stitutio Imp_er_atoris Iustiniani. A. Ioha_n_ni p_a_pe secu_n_do. [Commentary]: [I]N nomine d_omi_ni. Iustinianus opus suu_m_ laudabile deo attribuit. _Fol. 169^b. _ Explicitliber aute_n_ticor_um_. _Fol. 170^a. _ [Text (red)]: Incipiu_n_t_con_suetudines feudor_um_. _Fol. 206^a. _ [Text (red)]: Codicis d_omi_niiustiniani sacratissimi principis perpetui augusti repetitep_re_lectionis incipit liber decimus. _Fol. 300^b_, COLOPHON (red): Annoincarnac_i_o_n_is d_omi_nice . M. Cccc. Lxxvii. Xii. Kale_n_dis septembrijs!Sanctissimo in chr_ist_o patre ac d_omi_no, d_omi_no Sixto p_a_pa . Iiii. Po_n_tifice maximo. Illustrissimo noblissime domus austrie d_omi_no, d_omi_no Friderico Romanorum Imp_er_atore inuictissimo, monarchiechr_is_tiane d_omi_nis! Reuerendissimo deoq_ue_ amabili in Chr_ist_op_at_re ac d_omi_no, d_omi_no Diethero archip_re_sule Maguntino; inciuitate Maguncia impressorie artis inue_n_trice atq_ue_ elimatricep_ri_ma . X. Collac_i_onu_m_ triu_m_q_ue_ libroru_m_ Codicu_m_ opusegregiu_m_, Petrus Schoiffer de Gernsheim, glorioso faue_n_te deo suisconsignando scutis, feliciter finiuit. [PRINTER'S DEVICE in red. ]

 Folio. 1. Novellae: quires [1^{10}, 2^8, 3-6^{10}, 7-8^6, 9^{10}, 10^8, 11-12^{10}, 13^8, 14^{10}, 15^8, 16^6, 17-18^{10}, 19^{10-1} (the blank second leaf cut away)], 169 leaves. 2. Consuetudines feudorum: quires [1-3^{10}, 4^6], 36 leaves. 3. Codicis libri X-XII: quires [1^8, 2^{10}, 3-5^8, 6^{10}, 7^8, 8^4, 9-10^{10}, 11^{10+1} (the additional leaf prefixed)], 95 leaves. In all 300 leaves, two columns of text and two of commentary, 51 lines of text and 66 of commentary to the column, gothic letter, without printed signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to six-line spaces, some with guide-letters, left for capitals. Two pinholes, the use of which Schoeffer was thought to have abandoned a little earlier than the date of this volume. Titles and colophon printed in red. The text type is that of the Bible of 1462. Hain *9623. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , I, p. 33 (IC. 217). 

The first page of each of the three works is ornamented with a floralscroll border in colors. At the head of the several books are thirteeninitials in gold and colors. Chapter initials in alternate red and blue;initial-strokes in red in both text and commentary. 

The present volume agrees in contents with the fifth and last volume ofthe Corpus juris as it is found arranged in the medieval MSS. , exceptfor the omission of the Institutiones, already sufficiently accessiblein separate editions, of which no less than fifty were printed in the15th century, the first of them by Schoeffer himself in 1468. The firstthree volumes of the Corpus were occupied by the Digests, the fourth bythe Codex lib. I-ix. The last three books of the Codex relate mainly topublic law and having lost much of their importance were transferred tothe fifth volume. 

That the order of the three parts in the present copy, viz. 1. Novellae, 2. Consuetudines, 3. Codex lib. X-xii, is that intended by the printer, is clear both from the position and from the language of thecolophon--the position because the colophon is attached to the Codex, and the language because it describes the volume as consisting of "theten Collations and the three books of the Codes. " The Novellae wereusually divided by the commentators into nine Collations, perhaps, asSavigny suggests, to parallel the first nine books of the Codex. Sometimes, however, as in the present case, the Consuetudines feudorumwere joined with them and reckoned as a tenth collation. Notwithstandingthese plain indications, in the copy described by Hain *9623, and in theBritish Museum copy (as at present, though not as originally, bound), the Codex x-xii is placed between the Novellae and the Consuetudines, thus removing the colophon from its natural place at the end of thevolume. In the first edition of these works, printed by Vitus Puecher, Rome, 1476, they were placed in the order last named, but the colophonwas there attached to the Consuetudines. 

After the death of his father-in-law and partner Fust, late in 1466 orearly in 1467, Schoeffer conducted the press alone until his death in1502. After 1478, however, his activity as a printer was muchdiminished. 

The present large and fine copy (leaf 15-3/4 × 11-1/4 in. ), with themanuscript signatures still in part preserved, is from the library ofSir John Hayford Thorold (1773-1831) of Syston Park, Lincolnshire, soldin December, 1884. In the Meerman sale at the Hague, 1824, this samecopy, bound as at present in russia gilt, sold for 64 florins. 

3. ISIDORUS HISPALENSIS. Etymologiarum libri XX. [Strassburg, Johann Mentelin, c. 1473. ]

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: INCIPIT EPISTOLA ISIDORI IVNIORISHISPALENSIS EPISCOPI AD BRAVLIONEM CESARAVGVSTANVM EPISCOPVM. [Threeother letters to the same and two replies; tabula generalis. ] _Fol. 3^b, col. 2_: INCIPIVNT CAPITVLA PRIMI LIBRI. INCIPIT LIBER PRIMVSETHIMOLOGIARVM ISIDORI HISPALENSIS EPISCOPI. DE DISCIPLINA ET ARTE. _Fol. 27^b, col. 1_: INCIPIVNT CAPITVLA LIBRI QVARTI. _Fol. 27^b, col. 2_: PREFACIO. [D]Omino et filio syseputo ysidor_us_..... INCIPIT LIBERYSIDORI DE RERVM NATVRA AD SISEPVTVM REGEM. _Fol. 37^a, col. 2_:INCIPIVNT CAPITVLA LIBRI QVARTI. INCIPIT LIBER QVARTVS DE MEDICINA. _Fol. 142^a_, COLOPHON: EXPLICIT LIBER ETHIMOLOGIARVM ISIDORIHISPALENSIS EPISCOPI. 

 Folio. Quires [1-13^{10}, 14^{12}], 142 leaves, the first blank, 2 columns, 51 lines to the column, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, printer's name, place or date. Gothic lower-case type, roman capitals. Book and chapter headings printed wholly in majuscules. Large woodcut diagrams. Three-to nine-line spaces left for chapter and book initials, also spaces for occasional Greek words (mostly left unsupplied) and for small diagrams. Two pinholes, which in Mentelin's use point to a date not later than 1473. Hain *9270. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , I, p. 57 (IC. 586). Burger pl. 170. 

On the first page large illuminated initial with floral border ornament, and similar initials at the head of the several books. Chapter initialssupplied in red or blue; initial-strokes in red throughout the volume. Blank first leaf wanting. 

Incorporated with the present edition of the Etymologiae by way ofsupplement, though not named in the table of contents, is an earliertreatise of Isidore's entitled _De natura rerum_, written at the requestof Sisebut, king of the Visigoths, 612-621, and dedicated to him. Itcontains the sum of the physical philosophy of his time, and, beinglargely astronomical, is sometimes found in the MSS. Under the title_Liber de astronomia_. In order to bring it into immediate connectionwith the corresponding section of the Etymologiae, it is placedimmediately after the third book (devoted to the _quadrivium_, the lastdivision of which is astronomy) and given irregularly the heading "Liberquartus, " the regular _Liber quartus (De medicina)_ beginning twentypages later. Two of the 48 chapters of which it is composed are wantinghere, but by the subdivision of other chapters the number is raised to58. Zainer of Augsburg, the printer of the first edition of theEtymologiae, dated 19 November, 1472, followed it the next month with anedition of _De responsione mundi et astrorum ordinatione ad Sesibutumregem_, which is the work in question under another title. Printed withthe same type and the same number of lines to the page, it was in effecttreated as a supplement to the Etymologiae. 

According to the testimony of a fellow printer, de Lignamine, in the"Chronica summorum Pontificum, " Rome, 1474, Mentelin as early as 1458was printing at Strassburg 300 sheets a day. The third Latin Bible(1460-1461) and the first German Bible came from his press, but thefirst work to which he affixed his name and a date was the _Speculumhistoriale_ of Vincent of Beauvais in 1473. He died in 1478. 

The Wodhull copy, bought at "Hayes's sale" in 1794 for £5. 5s. , and boundin russia gilt, with Wodhull arms on side, by Mrs. Weir for £1. 2s. Leaf15-3/4 × 11 in. 

4. GESTA ROMANORUM. [Cologne, Ulrich Zell, c. 1473. ]

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: Ex gestis romanor_um_ hystorie no_ta_biles:de vitijs v_ir_tutibusq_ue_ tracta_n_tes: cu_m_ applicac_i_onib_us_moralizatis et misticis: Incipiunt feliciter. _Fol. 160^b, col. 1_, COLOPHON: Ex gestis ro_ma_no_rum_ cu_m_ plurib_u_s applicatis historijs:de v_ir_tutib_us_ et vitijs mistice ad intellectum tra_n_ssum_p_tisRecollectorij finis est feliciter. LAVS. DEO. _Fol. 160^b, col. 2_:Incipiu_n_t tituli numerorum om_n_i_u_m capitulo_rum_ et exemplo_rum_. _Fol. 163^a_: Tabula o_mn_i_u_m exe_m_plo_rum_ _et_ capitulo_rum_op_er_is præcedentis. Sec_un_d_u_m ordine_m_ alphabeti. _Fol. 170^a_:Explicit tabula. _Fol. 170^b, blank. _

 Folio. 170 leaves in seventeen quires of ten leaves each, 2 columns, 36 lines to the column, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place, printer's name or date. Two- to five-line spaces left for capitals. One pinhole in side margin, others possibly cut away in binding. Hain 7734, Pellechet 5247. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , I, p. 196 (IB. 2994). 

On fol. 2^a and 163^a five-line initials in blue with graceful pendecoration in red. Initials of chapters and morals supplied in alternatered and blue. Paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red; headingsunderlined in red. Blank first leaf wanting. 

This edition of the Gesta contains 181 chapters and appears to have beenpreceded only by another undated edition printed at Utrecht by Ketelaerand Leempt, in long lines, with 152 chapters and no index. 

Ulrich Zell was the first printer of Cologne. His first dated book wasissued in 1466 and he continued to print quite up to the close of thefifteenth century. Nearly all his books are, like the present, withoutplace, date or printer's name. Of the 177 books which he is known tohave printed, the British Museum possesses 123. 

The Wodhull copy, bound in russia, gilt edges. Leaf 10-3/4 × 7-1/2 in. Mem. On fly-leaf: "Pateson's Auction. £5. 5s; washing, cleaning, mendingand binding by Roger Payne £1. 2s. 6d. M. Wodhull, May 25th, 1786. "

5. GREGORIUS I. Homiliæ XL super Evangeliis. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer. ] 28 August, 1473. 

_Fol. 1^a_: Ordo . Xl. Omeliaru_m_ beati gregorij pape ad secundinu_m_episcopum Thauronitaru_m_. _Fol. 1^b_: SEQVITVR EPISTOLA[R]Euerendissimo et sa_n_ctissimo frati secundino coepiscopo. Gregori_us_ seruus seruoru_m_ dei. _Fol. 2^a_: EXPLICIT EPISTOLA INCIPITEWANGELIVM. S. LVCAM.... Omelia prima beati Gregorij pape. _Fol. 141^b_, COLOPHON: Adeptus est finis amba_rum_ parciu_m_ omelia_rum_ beatissimigregorii pape vrbis rome jn die s_an_cti hermetis sub Anno d_omi_ni Mcccc lxxiij. _Fol. 142^a_: _Table of the homilies in the order of theliturgical year. _

 Folio. Quires [1-13^{10}, 14^{12}], 142 leaves, 33 lines to the page, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place or printer's name. Two- and three-line spaces left for capitals, which are supplied in red. Paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red. Hain *7948, Pellechet 5366. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , II, p. 319 (IB. 5457). 

Gregory's Homilies, of which this is the first edition, and the threenext following works bound with it, are from the press of GüntherZainer, of Reutlingen, the first printer of Augsburg. All are in thesame type, the heavy-faced gothic of his second font, are rubricated bythe same hand, and though two of them are undated, were all evidentlyprinted at about the same time. He was the first printer in Germany tomake use of roman type, of which the earliest example seems to have beenhis "Calendarium pro anno 1472. " He died in 1478, ten years after theappearance of his first dated book. 

The Wodhull copy, bound by Roger Payne in russia gilt. Leaf 12 × 8-1/4in. Mem. On fly-leaf: "Payne's sale. £2. 12. 6, binding and restoring17s. 6d. These four pieces were taken out of old monastic binding. M. Wodhull, Jan. 5th, 1795. "

6. PSALTERIUM LATINUM. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer, c. 1473. ]

_Fol. 1^a_: Prologus beati jeronimi p_re_sbiteri in psalteriu_m_ q_uo_dipse de hebraico transtulit in latinu_m_ [E]Vsebius jeronim_us_soffronio suo salutem. _Fol. 1^b_: Explicit p_ro_logus beati jeronimi. Incipit psalterium Psalmos dauid primus. _Fol. 51^a_: Canticu_m_ Ysaiecapitulo lxxij (_sic_), _followed by cantica of Hezekiah, Hannah, Moses(2), Habakkuk_. _Fol. 54^a_, COLOPHON: Explicit tra_ns_laciosoli_lo_q_ui_oru_m_ siue psalterij beatissimi Ieronimi eusebiip_resbiteri_ q_uo_d ad peti_ci_one_m_ soffronij tra_n_stulit ut inep_isto_la_m_ ante psalteriu_m_ imp_re_ssa p_rae_mittit_ur_ _etc. _

 Folio. Quires [1-5^{10}, 6^4], 54 leaves, 33 lines to the page, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place, printer's name or date. Two- to four-line spaces left for initials, which are supplied in red. Paragraph-marks and initial-strokes in red. Hain *13470. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , II, p. 320 (IB. 5560). 

Jerome's final translations of the Old Testament books direct from theHebrew were all adopted into the received Latin version, the Vulgate, except this of the Psalms. Here his earlier revision of the old Italicversion on the basis of the Septuagint had become so firmly establishedin liturgical use that the translation from the Hebrew, though moreexact, could not displace it. This appears to be the first printededition. 

Bound with No. 5. Gregorii Homiliæ. 

7. MODUS PERVENIENDI AD SUMMAM SAPIENTIAM. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer, c. 1473. ]

_Fol. 1^a_: [S]Entite de do_m_ino in bo_n_itate e_t_ in simplicitatecordis q_uae_rite illu_m_. _Fol. 2^a_: Explicit prologus Incipit modusad summam p_er_veniendi sapienciam. _Fol. 24^a, l. 33_, END: sibi sparsodiuinit_us_ in ip_sum_ ardentissime se extendit _etc. _ _Fol. 24^b, blank. _

 Folio. Quires [1-2^{10}, 3^4], 24 leaves, 33 lines to the page, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination, place, printer's name or date. Two- to four-line spaces left for capitals, which are supplied in red. Initial-strokes in red. Hain *11490. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , II, p. 320 (IB. 5531). 

Bound with No. 5. Gregorii Homiliae. 

8. HUGO de SANCTO VICTORE. Soliloquium de arrha animae. [Augsburg, Günther Zainer. ] 12 October, 1473. 

_Fol. 1^a_: Incipit soliloquium beatissimi Augustini episcopi yponensi(_sic_) de arra anime. _Fol. 7^b_, END: Rapt_us_ est finis hui_us_tractat_us_ August_in_i de arra ani_m_e. Feria t_er_cia post festu_m_s_an_cti Dyonisy Anno d_omi_ni lxxiij _etc. _ _Fol. 8, blank. _

 Folio. 8 leaves, the last blank, 33 lines to the page, gothic letter, without place or printer's name. Three-line space for first initial and initial-strokes supplied in red. Blank last leaf wanting. Hain *2021. Pellechet 1525. Brit. Mus. 15th cent. , p. 319 (IB. 5451). 

The author of the work here directly ascribed to St. Augustine was themystic theologian Hugo de Sancto Victore (1097-1140), member of theCanons Regular of St. Augustine and head of the abbey school of St. Victor, near Paris. From his familiarity with the writings of Augustineand likeness to his spirit, he was styled _Alter Augustinus_, a titlewhich furnishes a plausible but not wholly satisfactory explanation ofthe confusion in the present case. For among the spurious writings whichhave been put under Augustine's name more than one has been borrowedfrom this author. For example, chapters 5-10 of the _Liber de diligendoDeo_ are taken almost word for word from the present treatise. 

In the present edition of this soliloquy cast in the form of a dialoguethe interlocutors are _Augustinus_ and _Anima_ (both names alwaysprinted in capitals); in a Strassburg edition of about the same date, _Hugo_ and _anima sua_; in the collected edition of Hugo's works, _homo_and _anima_. 

Bound with No. 5. Gregorii Homiliae. 

9. CARACCIOLUS, ROBERTUS, de Licio. Opus quadragesimale quod de poenitentia dictum est. Venetiis, Wendelinus de Spira, 20 July, 1472. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: Hec est tabula omniu_m_ sermonu_m_contentorum hoc in uolumine. _Fol. 3^a_: Sacre theologie magistri necnonsacri eloquij preconis celeberrimi fratris Roberti de Litio ordinisMinor_um_ professoris op_us_ quadragesimale p_er_utilissimum quod depenitentia dictum est. Feliciter incipit. _Fol. 267^a_, COLOPHON:

 Vendelinus ego gentis _co_gnomine spiere! Roberti haec caste purgata uolumi_n_a pressi! Sedis apostolice Romano praeside Sixto Magnanimo _et_ uenetum Nicolao pr_in_cipe Truno M. Cccclxxij. Xx. Quintilis. 

_Fol. 267^b, 268, blank. _ _Fol. 269^a_: Sermo i_n_ festoa_n_nu_n_tiat_i_o_n_is u_ir_ginis marie _et_ eiusdem Roberti cum tribus(_sic_) aliis sermonib_us_ seque_n_tib_us_. S. De p_re_destinatonume_ro_ damnator_um_ _et_ de cathenis. _Fol. 289^b_: Finis triu_m_sermonu_m_ Fratris Roberti... _Fol. 290, blank. _

 Quarto. Quires [1-7^{10}, 8^{12}, 9-11^{10}, 12^8, 13-15^{10}, 16^8, 17-27^{10}, 28-30^6, 31^4], 290 leaves, 1, 268, 290 blank, 40 lines to the page, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to seven-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. Two pinholes on side. Initials and paragraph-marks supplied in red. Blank leaf 268 wanting. Hain-Copinger 4424. Pellechet 3244. Proctor 3524. 

Wendelin of Speier succeeded in 1470 to the press established in 1469 byhis brother John, the first printer of Venice, who lived to completeonly four books. Gothic type was introduced into Italy by Wendelin. 

Roberto Caraccioli, born at Lecce in 1425, was bishop of his native cityfrom 1484 to 1495. The great reputation which these sermons enjoyed isattested by the fact that four editions, three of them printed inVenice, appeared in 1472, and four more in 1473, one of which wasWendelin's second edition, an exact reprint of the present. 

The Wodhull copy, bought at the sale of the library of Samuel Tyssen, in1801, for £1. 1s. , bound in russia gilt, with Wodhull arms on side, at afurther cost of 19 shillings. Leaf 10-1/8 × 7-1/2 in. 

10. VALLA, LAURENTIUS. Elegantiae linguae Latinae. Venetiis, Nicolaus Jenson, 1471. 

_Fol. 1^a_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS ELega_n_tia_rum_ co_m_pendiosæcollectio_n_is in ordinem alphabeti directæ principium. _Fol. 9^a, blank. _ _Fol. 9^b_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS VIRI CLARISSIMI ET DE LINGVALATINA BENE MERENTIS AD IOANNEM TORTELLIVM ARETINVM: CVI OPUSELEGANTIARVM LINGVAE LATINAE DEDICAT EPISTOLA. _Fol. 11^a_: LAVRENTIIVALLENSIS PATRICII ROMANI COMMENTARIORVM GRAMMATICORVM SECVNDVMELEGANTIAM LINGVAE LATINAE LIBER PRIMVS DE NOMINE VERBOQVE. ET EX HISDVOBVS COMPOSITO PARTICIPIO INCTPIT PROOEMIVM. _Fol. 159^b_: LAVRENTIIVALLENSIS DE LANGVAE LATINAE ELEGANTIA TERTIVS LIBER FINIT: INCIPITIIII. DE NOMINVM SIGNIFICATIONIBVS. [_For_ TERTIVS _read_ QVINTUS;_for_ IIII. DE NOMINVM SIGNIFICATIONIBVS _read_ VI. DE NOTISSCRIPTORVM. ] _Fol. 190^a_: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS DE LINGVAE LATINAEELEGANTIA: ET DE EGO MEI TVI ET SVI AD IOANNEM TORTELLIVM ARETINVM LIBERINCIPIT. _Fol. 200^b_, COLOPHON: LAVRENTII VALLENSIS DE LINGVAE LATINAEELEGANTIA: ET DE EGO MEI TVI ET SVI AD IOANNEM TORTELLIVM ARETINVM PERME M. NICOLAVM IENSON VENETIIS OPVS FELICITER IMPRESSVM EST. M. CCCCLXXI. _Fol. 201, 202, blank. _

 Quarto. Quires [1^8, 2^{12}, 3-4^{10}, 5^{12}, 6-7^{10}, 8^{12}, 9^{14}, 10-11^{10}, 12^{12}, 13^8, 14^6, 15-19^{10}, 20^8], 202 leaves, the last two blank, roman letter, 39 lines to the page, without signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to six-line spaces left for capitals and spaces also for Greek words, to be supplied in manuscript. Two pinholes on side. The type is Jenson's first font. Hain 15802. Proctor 4071. 

At the head of the first page is a large initial of the interlaced vinepattern in gold and colors, with a border of the same pattern enclosingthe entire page. The remaining five books, the prefatory epistle and thesupplement _De ego, mei et sui_ are introduced by initials of the samesize and style. Alternate red and blue capitals at the head of chapters, paragraph-marks also in red and blue. 

A few of the spaces left for Greek words are filled in manuscript, butmore are left vacant. When Jenson later in the same year printedCicero's Letters, he was provided with Greek type. The blank fol. 9^a isoccupied by a transcript in an early hand of the greater part of lib. I, cap. Iv (_De ficu_), from a MS. The readings of which differ materiallyfrom the printed text. 

For the purposes of the index the six books have been divided into acontinuous series of 479 chapters, designated in the margins of the textby manuscript roman numerals, but in the index by printed numerals. Thereferences are not, as in later editions, to book and chapter, but tochapters only. The index, alphabetized by the first letter of the wordonly, printed on different paper and forming a separate quire, is hereplaced at the beginning of the volume; but traces of earlier manuscriptsignatures still remaining, bear witness to a former order in which thetext preceded the index, as is still the case in some copies of thisedition. 

Most of Jenson's early books were folios. But notwithstanding the sizeof the leaf (13 × 8 in. ), this is a quarto, as both the direction of thechain-lines and the position of the water-mark prove. However, becauseof the limitations of the early presses, it was doubtless printed onhalf-sheets, folio-wise, two pages at most at one impression. 

Of the twenty-four 15th-century editions of the _Elegantiae_ the threeearliest, one of which was Jenson's, were printed in 1471. 

Although the tradition that Nicolas Jenson, master of the mint at Tours, was sent by Charles VII. In 1458 to Mainz to learn the secrets of thenewly discovered art of printing is otherwise unsupported and, in viewof the manner in which the invention was afterwards carried to France aswell as to other countries by private initiative, improbable, he wasalready a master of the art, wherever and however acquired, when heestablished in 1470 the press which held the leading place at Veniceuntil his death in 1480. 

The present exceptionally fine copy of the _Elegantiae_, bound in citronmorocco, with gold borders and gilt edges, is the Wodhull copy, boughtin 1786 of Payne for £10. 10s. 

11. PLINIUS SECUNDUS, C. Naturalis historia. Venetiis, Nicolaus Jenson, 1472. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: CAIVS PLYNIVS MARCO SVO SALVTEM. _Fol. 4^a_: CAII PLYNII SECVNDI NATVRALIS HISTORIAE LIBER . I. CAIVS PLYNIVSSECVNDVS NOVOCOMENSIS DOMITIANO SVO SALVTEM. PRAEFATIO. _Fol. 21^a_:CAII PLINII SECVNDI NATVRALIS HISTORIAE LIBER . II. _Fol. 355^a_, COLOPHON: CAII PLYNII SECVNDI NATVRALIS HISTORIAE LIBRI TRICESIMISEPTIMI ET VLTIMI FINIS IMPRESSI VENETIIS PER NICOLAVM IENSON GALLICVM. M. CCCC. LXXII. NICOLAO TRONO INCLYTO VENETIARVM DVCE. _Followed by_:Iohannis andreæ episcopi aleriensis ad pontificem summum Paulum secundumuenetum epistola. _Fol. 356^a_: Hereneus lugdunensis episcopus: itemIustinus ex philosopho martyr: item cum diuo Hieronymo Eusebiuscæsariensis: serio posteritatem adiurarunt: ut eorum descripturi operaconferrent diligenter exemplaria: et sollerti studio emendarent. Idemego tum in cæteris libris omnibus tum maxime i_n_ Plynio ut fiat;uehementer obsecro: obtestor: atq_ue_ adiuro: ne ad priora menda: _et_tenebras i_n_extricabiles tanti sudoris opus relabat_ur_. Instauratu_m_aliqua_n_tulu_m_ sub romano po_n_tifice maximo Paulo secu_n_do ueneto. _Fol. 356^b, blank. _

 Folio. Quires [1^{12}, 2^8, 3-8^{10}, 9^{12}, 10-15^{10}, 16^8, 17-27^{10}, 28^6, 29-30^{10}, 31-35^8, 36^{12}, 37^8], 356 leaves, first blank, 50 lines to the page, roman letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination. Two- to twelve-line spaces left for capitals, with guide-letters; also spaces for occasional Greek words. Greek type sparingly used, oftener transliteration in roman. Two pinholes. Hain *13089. Proctor 4087. Morgan Cat. II, p. 39, n. 297. 

The rubrication of the present copy is not only elaborate but also ofunusual merit. The first of the twelve-line initials of the thirty-sevenbooks is finely illuminated in gold and colors. The others, in theoutlines of which grotesque features are occasionally introduced, areset off by skilful pen-work, harmonizing in general effect, butcarefully avoiding repetition in details. The chapter initials also, athousand or more in number, in alternate red and blue, or red and green, have much variety and grace. The initial L, for example, occurringtwenty-eight times in the first book, is never repeated in the same formand color. The blank fol. 3^b is occupied by the name Jesus in verylarge and ornate characters, in different colors, surrounded by scrolland figure decoration. The Bagneri arms, included in the ornamentationof the first initial, point to an early ownership of the volume, and thearms of the Antella family of Florence at the foot of the first page, toa later ownership. 

The introductory epistle of the younger Pliny, describing his uncle'smanner of life, was addressed to his friend Macer, who here becomesMarcus by the easy transposition of Macro to Marco. Less easilyexplained is the substitution in the dedication of Domitian for hisbrother Titus Vespasian, to whom Pliny dedicated the work. 

Two editions of the _Naturalis Historia_ preceded this, the firstprinted by John of Speier in 1469, with a five years' privilege from theVenetian senate, which expired at his death in 1470, the second bySweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1470. With the first of these, Jenson'sedition agrees in the number of pages and of lines to the page. From thesecond he reprinted the letter addressed by the editor Johannes Andreas, Bishop of Aleria, to his patron Pope Paul II. , and the earnest appealfor care on the part of any who should reprint his Pliny, "_ne ad prioramenda et tenebras inextricabiles tanti sudoris opus relabatur_. " Fifteenmore editions were printed before the close of the 15th century. Jenson's Pliny is generally regarded as the finest production of hispress. The type is his first font. 

The Wodhull copy, bought of Thomas Payne, book-seller, in 1791 for£12. 12s. , and bound by Roger Payne in russia gilt, with Wodhull arms onside, at the additional cost of £1. Leaf 15-1/4 × 10-1/4 in. 

12. NONIUS MARCELLUS. De compendiosa doctrina. Venetiis, Nicolaus Jenson, 1476. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2-20, alphabetical index. _ _Fol. 21, blank. __Fol. 22^a_: NONII MARCELLI PERIPATETICI TIBVRTICENSIS COMPENDIOSADOCTRINA AD FILIVM DE PROPRIETATE SERMONVM. _Fol. 194^a_, COLOPHON:NONII MARCELLI PERIPATETICI TIBVRTICENSIS COMPENDIOSA DOCTRINA AD FILIVMDE PROPRIETATE SERMONVM IMPRESSA VENETIIS INDVSTRIA ATQVE IMPENDIONICOLAI IENSON GALLICI. . M. CCCC. LXXVI. _Fol. 194^b, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. A-c^{10}, d-y^8, z^{12}, 194 leaves, 1 and 21 blank, 34 lines to the page, roman letter, without catchwords or pagination. Seven- and eight-line spaces left for capitals, some with guide-letters. The type is Jenson's first roman trimmed or recast the second time on a slightly smaller body. Greek words as a rule printed with Greek type, not transliterated. Hain 11901. Proctor 4098. 

On the first page of text a large initial S in gold on a panel of color, with marginal decoration. Other large chapter initials in red and bluealternately. Numerous paragraph-marks in alternate red and blue. Blankfirst leaf wanting. 

The index, which occupies the first nineteen leaves, is alphabetized asfar as the second letter of the word. The references are by romannumerals to the leaves (not pages) of the work, which themselves haveonly manuscript foliation in arabic figures. 

The first edition of Nonius was printed at Rome in 1470 by Lauer; thesecond, in 1471, was without place or name. Jenson's edition, which isthe third, borrowed from both of these but added also something ofvalue. The correct title, _De compendiosa doctrina_, first appears here. The usual title, _De proprietate sermonum_, belongs strictly to thefirst chapter. As in all the early editions, the third chapter islacking, having been discovered later and first included in the 1513edition of Aldus. Jenson's Greek type long remained in favor forincidental use in Latin books after it had been displaced in Greek booksby Aldine types. 

The Wodhull copy, "Payne's sale, £5. 5s. , January, 1792. " Bound by RogerPayne in red morocco, gilt edges. Leaf 11 × 8 in. 

13. DULLAERT, JOHANNES, de Janduno or Gandavo. Quaestiones super tres libros Aristotelis de anima. Venetiis, Franciscus de Hailbrun et Nicolaus de Franckfordia socii, 1473. 

_Fol. 1^a, blank. _ _1^b_: Tabula q_ue_stio_n_u_m_ d_omi_ni Joh_ann_is deJanduno sup_er_ tres libros de anima Aristotelis. _Fol. 2^a_: [I]Nestenim me_n_tib_us_ hominu_m_ Veri boni naturalis inserta cupiditas. _Fol. 92^b_, COLOPHON: Expliciunt questiones d_omi_ni Joh_ann_is de Jandunosup_er_ tres libros de a_n_i_m_a Ar_istotelis_ i_m_presse Venetijs p_er_Franciscu_m_ de Hailbrun _et_ Nicolau_m_ de Franckfordia socios. M. CCCCLXXiii. 

 Folio. Quires [1-8^{10}, 9^{12}], 92 leaves, 2 columns, 71 lines to the column, gothic letter, without signatures, catchwords or pagination. Six- to twelve-line spaces left for capitals. Two pinholes. Arabic figures used to the exclusion of roman numerals not only in table of contents, but throughout the text to mark subdivisions of the argument or individual books of a treatise. Hain 7458. Burger pl. 99. 

On first page of text a twenty-four line initial illuminated in gold andcolors, with border ornament. Book and chapter initials in alternate redand blue. Arabic numerals, which made their first appearance in printedbooks in 1470, were very sparingly used even at a considerably laterdate than 1473. 

The author, commonly known as Johannes de Gandavo (Ghent), of the earlypart of the 14th century, wrote commentaries also on other works ofAristotle. Of the present work five editions, of which this is thefirst, were printed at Venice in the 15th century. 

Franz Renner of Heilbronn conducted a press at Venice from 1471 to 1483, having as partner from 1473 to 1477 Nicolas of Frankfort. The presentvolume is printed in a small round-faced gothic type, the second of thenine fonts which he used. 

The Wodhull copy, bought at the Maffei Pinelli sale, London, 1789, for£1. 13s. Bound in hf. Vellum. Leaf 16-3/4 × 11-1/2 in. 

14. ARISTOTELES. Libri de animalibus interprete Theodoro Gaza. Venetiis, Johannes de Colonia sociusque Johannes Manthen, 1476. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: THEODORI: GEAECI: THESSALONICENSIS:PRAEFATIO: IN LIBROS: DE ANIMALIBVS: ARISTOTELIS: PHILOSOPHI: AD XYSTVM:QVARTVM: MAXIMVM. _Fol. 7^b_: ARISTOTELIS: DE HISTORIA: ANIMALIVM: LIBERPRIMVS INTERPRETE THEODORO. _Fol. 131^a_: ARISTOTELIS DE PARTIBVSANIMALIVM LIBER PRIMVS INTERPRETE THEODORO. _Fol. 184^a_: ARISTOTELIS DEGENERATIONE ANIMALIVM LIBER PRIMVS INTERPRETE THEODORO. _Fol. 250^b_, COLOPHON: Finiunt libri de animalibus Aristotelis interprete TheodoroGaze. V. Clarissimo: quos Ludouicus podocatharus Cyprius ex Archetypoipsius Theodori fideliter _et_ dilige_n_ter auscultauit: _et_ formulisimprimi curauit Venetiis per Iohannem de Colonia sociu_m_q_ue_ eiusIohanne_m_ ma_n_the_n_ de Gherretze_m_. Anno domini . M. CCCC. LXXVI. _Fol. 251^a_: Tabula cartarum secundum ordinem ponendarum. _Fol. 251^b, 252, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. A-b^{10}, c-d^8, e^{10}, f^8, g^{10}, h^8, i^{10}, k^8, l-t^{10}, u^8, x^{10}, aa-dd^{10}, ee^8, ff^6. 252 leaves, the first and the last blank, roman letter, 35 lines to the page, without pagination. Two- to seven-line spaces left for initials, with guide-letters. Hain *1699. Proctor 4312. Morgan Cat. , II, p. 48, n. 313. Burger pl. 199. 

The border surrounding the first page of text, and eighteen initials ofthe several books, are illuminated in gold and colors. Chapter initialssupplied in red and blue alternately. 

Printed signatures, which appear to have been first introduced byZarotto of Milan in 1470, and a register of sheets, first used by Johnof Cologne in 1475, are both found in this volume. The register, whichmay give only the number of sheets in each of the quires, or the firstword of each sheet of the quire, is here of the latter kind. Unfortunately two sheets escaped registration and the words are suppliedin manuscript. 

Three separate treatises of Aristotle are contained in this volume:Historia de animalibus libri ix; De partibus animalium libri iv; Degeneratione animalium libri v. 

Theodore Gaza, the translator, was a learned Greek from Thessalonica, who took up his residence in Italy on the capture of his native city bythe Turks. The translation was made at the instance of Nicolas V. , whohad invited him to Rome in 1450, but was first printed in the presentedition (Venice, 1476) and dedicated in a flattering epistle of elevenpages to the reigning pope, Sixtus IV. The fifty scudi which the popesent in acknowledgment of the dedication copy Gaza is said to havethrown in disgust into the Tiber. It is interesting to note in thisconnection that while the Venice editions of 1492 and 1498 retain thename of Sixtus IV. In the dedication, Aldus after having omitted theepistle altogether in his 1504 edition, in that of 1513 quietlysubstituted the name of Nicolas V. , the earlier and worthier patron, without a word of change in the language of the dedication itself. Latereditions have followed the example of Aldus. 

John of Cologne, established as a printer at Venice as early as 1471, was associated 1472-1473 with Wendelin of Speier, whose business andtypes he took over in 1474. He had as partner, 1474-1480, John Manthen, and in 1480, Nicolas Jenson. The type of the _Aristotle_ is a closeimitation of the first font of John and Wendelin of Speier. 

The Wodhull copy, bought at the Pinelli sale for £2. 12s. 6d. Bound in hf. Vellum. Leaf 12 × 8-1/4 in. 

15. UBERTINUS DE CASALI. Arbor vitae crucifixae Jesu. Venetiis, Andreas de Bonetis de Papia, 12 March, 1485. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: INCIPIT PROLOGVS IN LIBRVM QVI INTITVLATVRARBOR VITE CRVCIFIXE IESV. ET DICITVR OPVS VBERTINI DE CASALI. QVI FVITFRATER PROFESSVS ORDINIS MINORVM BEATI FRANCISCI. _Fol. 4^a, col. 2_:Explicit p_ri_mus p_ro_logus. Incipit secu_n_dus. _Fol. 5^a, col. 2_:Explicit p_ro_logus secundus. Incipit liber primus. _Fol. 248^b, col. 2_, COLOPHON: Liber qui intitulatur Arbor uite crucifixe Iesudeuotissimi fratris Vbertini de Casali ordinis minoru_m_ felicit_er_explicit. Impressus Venetiis p_er_ Andrea_m_ de Bonettis de Papia. Anno. M. CCCC. LXXXV. Die. Xii. Martii. Ioa_n_ne Mocenico inclyto principeregnante. _Fol. 249^a_: Tabula capitulo_rum_. _Fol. 249^b, col. 2_:Registrum. _Fol. 250, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. A-z^8, A^8, B^{12}, C-G^8, H^6. 250 leaves, 1, 204, 250 blank, 2 columns and head-line, 58 lines to the column, roman letter. The head-lines give the subject, book and chapter numbers. Eight-line spaces left for the initials of the five books and three-line spaces, some with guide-letters, for the chapter initials, both supplied in red. Blank first and last leaves wanting. Hain *4551. Pellechet 3331. Proctor 4816. 

Bound in olive green morocco with gold borders and gilt edges. Book-stamp of J. Richard, D. M. , on first and last leaf of text, andbook-plate of another owner, Jules Frayssenet, of Fleurance, printed onfull leaf inserted between the fly-leaves, front and back, and the text. Leaf 10-1/4 × 7-3/4 in. 

Andreas de Bonetis, of Pavia, printed at Venice from 1483 to 1487. 

16. ALBERTIS, LEO BAPTISTA DE. De amoris remedio. 1471. 

_Fol. 1^a_: BATISTAE DE ALBERTIS POETAE LAVREATI OPVS PRAECLARVM INAMORIS REMEDIO FELICITER INCIPIT. _Fol. 20^b_, COLOPHON: BAPTISTAE DEALBERTIS POETAE LAVREATI OPVS IN AMORIS REMEDIO VTILISSIMVM FELICITERFINIT. . M. CCCC. LXXI. 

 Quarto. Quires [1^8, 2^{12}], 20 leaves, 25 lines to the page, roman letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place or printer's name. Two- to six-line spaces left for initials, but the present copy is without rubrication. Hain *422. Panzer iii. 82, 69; iv. 5, 16. Pellechet 268. Proctor 7346. 

Notwithstanding the Latin title, the work itself is wholly in Italianand both in the MSS. And in later printed editions is found also underthe title _Deifira ossia del mal principiato amore_. A companion volumeby the same author, with the Latin title _De amore liber_, and theItalian, _Ecatomfilea ossia del vero amore_, was printed the same year, in the same type, the same number of leaves and lines to the page. Stillanother work in the same type and form and apparently of the same date, entitled _Historieta amorosa fra Leonora de' Bardi e HippolitoBondelmonti_, is attributed on good evidence to De Albertis. Copies ofall three works, printed alike on vellum and bound together in onevolume, formerly in the Mac-Carthy Collection (Catalogue, Paris, 1815, no. 3595), are now in the Bibliothèque Nationale (_Vélins_ 1964). In thepresent copy of _De amoris remedio_ the manuscript signatures _b_ and_c_, partly cut away, point to an earlier binding, in which the_Historieta_ consisting of only twelve leaves may possibly have formedthe signature _a_. 

Panzer was disposed to identify the peculiar roman type of these volumeswith that used by the fourth printer of Venice, Clemente of Padua, between whom and Zarotto of Milan, Hain was later in doubt. But Proctorwas convinced that the small group of books to which these belong, nearly all of them connected in some way with Florence, were theproductions of the first, so far unidentified, press of that city. Thedate they bear (1471) places them among the earliest books printed inthe Italian language. Witness the following first editions: Petrarch'sCanzoniere, 1470; Il Decamerone, 1471; La Divina Commedia, 1472. 

The present copy, bound in blue morocco, with the crest of the Marquisof Blandford on side, was sold in his (White Knights) sale in 1819 for£2. Leaf 9-1/4 × 6-3/4 in. 

From the Syston Park sale, December, 1884, with book-plate and themonogram (J. H. T. ) of Sir John Hayford Thorold. 

17. AESOPUS. Vita et fabulae græce. Vita et fabulae latine. Fabulae selectae græce et latine. [Milan], Bonus Accursius, c. 1480. 

_Part I. _ _Fol. 1^a_: Bonus Accursius Pisanus doctissimo sapientissimoducali quæstori Iohanni Francisco turriano salutem plurimam dicit. _Fol. 2^a_: ΑΙΣΩΠΟΥ ΒΙΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΜΥΘΟΠΟΙΟΥ ΜΑΞΙΜΩ ΤΩ ΠΛΑΝΟΥΔΗΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΕΙΣ. _Fol. 33^a_: ΑΙΣΩΠΟΥ ΜΥΘΟΙ. _Fol. 70^a_:Τελος των του Αισωπου Μυθων. _Part II. _ _Fol. 1^a_: Vita Aesopifabulatoris clarissimi e græco latina p_er_ Rynucium facta adReuere_n_dissimu_m_ Patre_m_ Dominu_m_ Antonium tituli Sancti ChrysogoniPresbyteru_m_ Cardinalem _et_ primo prohoemium. _Fol. 32^b_: FINIS. _Fol. 33^a_: Argumentum fabula_rum_ Aesopi e græco i_n_ latinu_m_. _Fol. 59^b_: Finis. Vita Aesopi per Rynucium thettalum traducta. Verum quoniamab eo non nulla fueru_n_t praetetermissa (_sic_): fortassis q_ui_agræcus eius codex esset minus emendatus: Ego Bonus accursius Pisanus:eadem in ea omnia correxi; _et_ emendaui. _Fol. 60, blank. _ _Part III. __Fol. 1^a, blank. _ _Fol. 1^b_: Bonus Accursius Pisanus doctissimo acsapientissimo ducali Quæstori Iohanni francisco Turriano salutemplurimam dicit. _Fol. 2^a, col. 1_: ΜΥΘΟΙ ΑΙΣΩΠΟΥ, _col. 2_:Fabulae Aesopi. _Fol. 38^a, col. 1_: ΤΕΛΟΣ ΤΩΝ ΤΟΥ ΑΙΣΩΠΟΥΜΥΘΩΝ. _Col. 2_: FINIS AESOPI FABVLARVM. Bonus Accursius pisanusimpressit: qui non doctorum hominum sed rudium ac puerorum gratia hunclaborem suscepit. 

 Quarto. Pt. I, sign. [A-H^8, I^6] not printed, but stamped irregularly on the extreme lower margin and partially cut away in the binding, 70 leaves. Pt. II, sign, a-g^8, and four unsigned leaves at the end, 60 leaves. Pt. III, sign. A-b^8, C-D^8, E^6, 38 leaves, the Greek text and the word-for-word Latin translation in two parallel columns. Both the Greek and the Latin have 25 lines to the page or column. Two- to five-line spaces for capitals, with guide-letters, in both texts, but no rubrication. Two pinholes. Hain *265+272. Pellechet 185+192. Proctor, Printing of Greek in the 15th cent. , p. 60. 

This is the first printed edition of any of the Greek classics, and thethird book printed entirely in Greek, or in Greek with a Latintranslation; the first being the Grammar of Lascaris, Milan, 1476, andthe second the Lexicon of Crastonus not later than 1478. All three wereprinted with the same font of Greek type made by, or under thesupervision of, Demetrius Damilas, the son of Milanese parents settledin Crete. Bonus Accursius was rather the publisher than the actualprinter, who in the case of the Lascaris was Dionysius Paravisinus, andin the case of the Crastonus and the Aesop, probably the brothers deHonate, who at that date were the possessors of the peculiar roman typeused in the Latin translations. After the Aesop this particular font ofGreek type next appeared in the first edition of Homer, printed atFlorence in 1488 by Bartolommeo di Libri, and in three of his subsequentbooks, once at Rome early in the 16th century, after which it disappearsaltogether. 

In the present edition the Fabulae græce number 147, the Fabulae latine100, the Fabulae selectae 62. The translator, Rinuccio d'Arezzo, whodedicates his work to Cardinal Antonio Cerdano, tells him in closingthat he sends all that have come into his hands, though probably not allthat Aesop wrote, since while they stand in alphabetical order, someletters are wanting and others have not their full quota. Not all copieshave all the three parts, nor are they always bound in the same order. The present copy, though in all respects complete, is bound irregularly, as follows: 1. Fabulae selectae. 2. Fabulae græce. 3. Vita Aesopi græce. 4. Vita et fabulae latine. On the verso of the last blank leaf iswritten in an early hand "olim fuit _Reverendissimi_ m_agistri_ georgiide casali. "

Mr. Wodhull paid "Edwards" for this copy, in 1799, £14. 14s. Bound byMrs. Weir in green morocco extra, gilt edges. Leaf 9 × 6 in. 

18. OVIDIUS NASO, PUBLIUS. Metamorphoses. Parma, Andreas Portilia, 15 May, 1480. 

_Fol. 1, blank_, _2^a_: TABVLAE F∀BVLARVM (_sic_) OVIDIIMETAMORPHOSEOS. _Fol. 6^a_: Domitius Calderinus Veronensis. [D]E Ouidiiuita nihil a nobis i_n_ hoc loco scribe_n_du_m_ _est_. _Fol. 7^a_: P. OVIDII NASONIS SVLMONENSIS METAMORPHOSEOS LIBER PRIMVS. _Fol. 187^b_, COLOPHON: FINIS Impressum Parmæ Opera Et Impensis Andre_æ_ Portili_æ_. M. CCCC. LXXX. Idibus Maiis Ioanne Galeazio Maria Mediolani IllustrissimoDuce Regna_n_te Fœliciter. _Fol. 188, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. A^6, b-q^8, r^{10}, s-y^8, z^6, &^6. 188 unnumbered leaves, the first and last blank, 40 lines to the page, roman letter. Three- to eight-line spaces, with guide-letters, left for the initials of the fifteen books. Hain *12160. 

First initial of each book supplied in red; heading of each book andeach fable underlined in red; initial-strokes in every verse andparagraph-marks in red. Without the last blank leaf. 

Andreas Portilia was the first printer at Parma, where his press wasestablished in 1472 and continued, with two brief transfers to Bolognaand Reggio, till 1486. 

Mr. Wodhull's copy, for which he paid, at the sale of Dr. Chauncy'slibrary in 1790, £2. Bound in red morocco, with rich gold tooling onback and sides, and book-plate of Charles Chauncy, M. D. (1706-1777). Leaf 12 × 8 in. 

19. PIUS II. (AENEAS SILVIUS PICCOLOMINI). De duobus amantibus. [Paris, Michael Friburger, Ulric Gering and Martin Crantz, 1472. ]

_Fol. 1_: Aeneæ siluii poætæ laureati, in hystoria_m_ de duobusama_n_tibus p_r_æfatio prima ad perq_uam_ generosum milite_m_ CasparemSlik fœliciter incipit. _Fol. 2^b_: Aeneæ siluii in hystoria_m_ deduobus ama_n_tibus p_rae_fatio secunda ad Martinu_m_ Sozinu_m_, Senensem, iuris utriusque p_er_spicacissimum interpretem iocundeincipit. _Fol. 4^a_: Aeneæ siluii de duobus ama_n_tibus hystoriaperq_uam_ iocunde incipit! _Fol. 44^b_: Vale. Ex Vienna quinto nonasIulii. Anno Millesimo quadringentesimo quadragesimo quarto; COLOPHON:Aene_æ_ Siluii po_æ_te laureati de duobus ama_n_tibus eurialo _et_lucresia, finit fœlicit_er_. _Fol. 45, 46, blank. _

 Quarto. Quires [1-4^{10}, 5^6], 46 leaves, the last two blank, 23 lines to the page, roman letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place, printer's name or date. Two- to six-line spaces left for capitals. Claudin XIX. Pellechet 147. Hain 216. 

Large initial on first page supplied in blue and gold, with penornamentation in red and blue. Other capitals and the paragraph-marks inalternate red and blue. Last blank leaf wanting. 

This and the two next works of the present list bound with it wereprinted at the first Paris press, a private press set up in the Sorbonnein 1470 by Johann Heynlin, Prior, and Guillaume Fichet, Librarian, ofthe University, and maintained by them until April, 1473. During thesethree years twenty-two books were printed, all in the same roman type, copied from the _Cæsar_ of Sweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1469. In onlytwo of them are the actual printers, Friburger and his associates, named. 

To the twenty-eight 15th-century editions--not to speak of thetranslations--of this novel described by Hain, Copinger's Supplementadds half as many more. The present edition is perhaps the third. Claudin, who makes it the nineteenth in the list of the Sorbonne books, could trace but four copies. This makes a fifth. 

The three books from the Sorbonne press are bound in one volume, redmorocco, gilt edges, with book-plate of Sir William Burrell. It passedfrom his possession some years before his death and was bought byMichael Wodhull at Payne's sale April 7, 1789, for £4. 4s. The binder, possibly mistaking the date of the author's subscription (Vienna, 1444)for that of the printing, has placed it on the back of the volume. Leaf7-3/4 × 5-1/4 in. 

20. PIUS II. (AENEAS SILVIUS PICCOLOMINI). De curialium miseria. [Paris, Michael Friburger, Ulric Gering and Martin Crantz, 1472. ]

_Fol. 1^a_: Aeneæ Siluii poætæ laureati (cui _et_ pro pontificalidignitate Pio nomen est) in disputatione_m_ de curialiu_m_ miseria adperspicacissimu_m_ iurisconsultu_m_ Iohanne_m_ Ech, serenissimidiuiq_ue_ principis, Alberti, cæsaris inuictissimi! Alberti quoqueaustriæ ducies inclyti consiliariu_m_ atq_ue_ oratore_m_ præfaciofœliciter incipit; _Fol. 34^a_: Vale uir (nisi ex curialibus unusesses) meo iudicio prudens; COLOPHON: Aeneæ Siluii de curialiu_m_miseria disputatio finem habet fœlicem; _Fol. 35, 36, blank. _

 Quarto. Quires [1-3^{10}, 4^6], 36 leaves, the last two blank, 23 lines to the page, roman letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place, printer's name or date. Two- and six-line spaces left for capitals. Claudin XX. Pellechet 132. Hain 198. 

First initial rubricated in the same style and by the same hand as inthe _De duobus amantibus_. Other capitals and paragraph-marks in red andblue alternately. Initial-strokes in yellow. At the bottom of fol. 29^aa line accidentally dropped by the compositor is supplied in manuscriptby a contemporary hand, viz. , "non te uolunt. Quida_m_ uero pote_n_tessunt! ac ex. " Both the recto and the verso of the leaf have the fullcomplement of 23 lines but there is a hiatus in the text. The copies inthe Bibliothèque Nationale, and the Bibliothèque Mazarine, Paris, havethe line supplied in manuscript in like manner, but instead of _uero_read _non_, which does not suit the context. 

According to Claudin this is the twentieth book printed at the Sorbonnepress. To the five copies known to him this adds a sixth. 

Bound with No. 19. De duobus amantibus. 

21. PLATO. Epistolae. [Paris, Michael Friburger, Ulric Gering and Martin Crantz, 1472. ]

_Fol. 1^a_: Ad prudentem _et_ magnificum uirum Cosma_m_ de medicisflorentinu_m_, Leonardi Aretini clarissimi oratoris, in ep_isto_lasplato_n_is quas ex græcis latinas fecit! p_rae_fatio; _Fol. 52^a_, COLOPHON: FINIS. 

 Discite rectores diuinitus, ore platonis! Quid uos, q_ui_d ciues reddat in urbe bonos;

 Quarto. Quires [1-4^{10}, 5^8, 6^2, 7^2], 52 leaves, 23 lines to the page, roman letter, without signatures, catchwords, pagination, place, printer's name or date. Three- to five-line spaces left for capitals. The first initial supplied in blue and red, other capitals in blue and red alternately. Initial strokes in yellow. Claudia XIV. Philippe VII. Crevenna 1523. Hain 13066. 

Leonardo Bruni, often called Leonardo Aretini from his birthplaceArezzo, translated five of the dialogues of Plato in addition to theletters. 

The first notice of this edition is found in the _CatalogueBolongaro-Crevenna_ (Amst. , 1789), where it is described as containing52 printed leaves. It appears from the price-list printed after the salein 1790 that it had not been sold, but was "retenu, faute de commissionsou de concurrence, " and was still obtainable at the price of 15 florins. No trace of it has since been found and Panzer and Hain were able onlyto copy the catalogue description. Philippe (1885) described Heynlin'scopy, which is preserved in the library of the University of Basel, asconsisting of one first blank leaf, forty-nine printed leaves and twoblank leaves at the end. Claudin (1898), with a second copy discoveredmeantime in the Bibliothèque d'Angers at his command, finds one firstblank and forty-nine printed leaves, and remarks that the two blankleaves placed by Philippe at the beginning [should be _end_] are onlyindependent fly-leaves. Our copy has fifty-two printed leaves and noblanks and no occasion for them, since the printed leaves, ofthemselves, form complete quires. Claudin's collation, which gives boththe quires and a register of the first words of each quire, shows thatboth his copies lack the sixth quire of our copy, composed like theseventh of only two leaves and beginning "_sibus interdixistis_. " Thereis moreover still unexplained and not easily explainable in thedescriptions of both the Basel and Angers copies the presence of atroublesome first blank leaf and the absence of another leaf of text, inaddition to the lacking sixth quire. It follows that, at least until theCrevenna copy, which appears to have been in agreement with ours, comesto light again, this must remain the only complete copy known. 

Bound with Nos. 19 and 20, from the same press. 

22. MAGNI, JACOBUS [Jacques Le Grand]. Sophologium. Paris, Martin Crantz, Ulric Gering and Michael Friburger, 1 June, 1477. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: Sequitur tabula capituloru_m_ Sophologij. _Fol. 5^a_: Doctissimi atq_ue_ excellentissimi patris: sacraru_m_litteraru_m_ doctoris deuotissimi: fratris Iacobi magni: religionisfratru_m_ heremitaru_m_: sancti Augustini sophologiu_m_ incipit. Cuiusp_ri_ncipalis intentio est inducere legentis animu_m_ ad sapientieamorem. _Fol. 218^a_: Jacobi Magni sophologium finit feliciter. _Fol. 218^b_: Epigramma ad huius operis conspectore_m_ [five distichs. ]COLOPHON: Anno do_mi_ni millesimo . Cccc. Lxxvij. Die . I. Mensis Iunij. Impressum fuit istud sophologium parisius p_er_ Martinu_m_ crantz. Vdalricu_m_ gering, et Michaele_m_ friburger. 

 Quarto. Sign. A-x^{10}, y^8, 218 leaves, the first blank, 32 lines to the page, gothic lower-case type, roman capitals. Two- to six-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. Hain 10478. 

Border ornamentation in color on fol. 5^a. Initials at the head of thefirst four of the ten books in dull gold and color; those of theremaining books in color only. Chapter initials and paragraph-marks inalternate red and blue. Blank first leaf wanting. The bottom line offol. 116^b which had been accidentally moved across to the foot of fol. 115^a (the companion page on the imposing stone) is supplied inmanuscript where it was lacking and the misplaced line of print iscanceled. 

On the discontinuance of the Sorbonne press in 1473, the printers, Crantz, Gering, and Friburger, moved into the neighboring RueSaint-Jacques and set up a press, with new type, on their own account. An edition of the Sophologium had been one of the last books printed atthe old press. A second edition was issued from the new press in 1475, of which the present edition is, in type, number of pages and lines, anexact reprint, but has printed signatures and is a quarto while that wasa folio. Caxton's "Book of Good Manners, " printed in 1487, was atranslation of "Le livre des bonnes meurs, " another work by the sameauthor. 

The present copy, bound in green morocco with gold borders and giltedges, is from the Syston Park library, sold in December, 1884. Leaf10-3/4 × 7-1/4 in. 

23. HIERONYMUS. Vaderboeck. [Zwolle], Peter van Os, 1 April, 1490. 

_Fol. 1^a_, TITLE: DIt boeck is ghenomet. Dat vader boeck. Dat in denlatijne is ghehieten Vitas patru_m_. Inhoudende dye historien en_de_legenden der heyligher vaderen die hare leue_n_ in stre_n_gherpenitencie ouerghebracht hebbe_n_ Ouergheset in goeder versta_n_delreduytscer sprake. [Rest of page occupied by two woodcuts. ] _Fol. 1^b_:[H]Ier beghint die tafele va_n_ desen boecke dat ghehieten is dat va(_sic_) vader boeck. _Fol. 4^b_: Hier eyndet die tafef (_sic_) van denboecke..... _Fol. 5^a_: [Woodcut of the Annunciation, which is repeatedon the verso of the leaf. ] _Fol. 6^a_: Hier beghinnet dat eerste deelva_n_ desen boecke dat ghenoemet is Vitaspatrum in latijne. _Fol. 165^b_, COLOPHON: Hier eyndet dat derde deel va_n_ desen boecke van denwo_n_derlijke wercken en_de_ goede exempele_n_ en_de_ goede leri_n_ghender heigher (_sic_) vadere_n_ so als die heylige leraer Jeronim_us_ vutde_n_ griecke_n_ in den latine ghetoge_n_ heeft Ouergheset in goederv_er_standelre duytscer spraken om salicheit alre goeder kerstenme_n_scen. Ghedruct bi mi Peter va_n_ Os In de_n_ iare ons heren Mccccen_de_ xc. Den eersten dach va_n_ den April. [PRINTER'S DEVICE, (shields of Zwolle and of the printer combined). ] _Fol. 166, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. A^4, a^8, b-z^6, A^4, B-D^6, 166 leaves, the last blank, 6-165 numbered i-clx. 2 columns, 36 lines to the column, gothic letter. Two- to six-line spaces left for capitals. The first initial of the title is a ten-line ornamental woodcut D. The two woodcuts on the title-page are printed from sections cut from the blocks of the Latin Biblia Pauperum, that on the left (Descent of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost) from the central panel of sign. P. , that on the right (Jacob's dream), from the right-hand panel of the sign. T. Other sections of these blocks were used in like manner in other books of van Os. In place of blank fol. 5 cut away, is inserted a full page woodcut of the Annunciation, printed on both sides of the leaf, on paper unlike any other used in the book. Campbell 938. Proctor 9135. 

Prologue initial on fol. 6^a supplied in blue with pen ornamentation inred. Chapter initials and paragraph-marks in alternate red and blue. Initial-strokes in red. Blank last leaf wanting. 

Bound by Alfred Matthews in three-quarter levant morocco with blindtooling, gilt edges. Leaf 10-1/2 × 8 in. 

Peter van Os, of Breda, was actively engaged in printing at Zwolle from1479 till the end of the century, except for the three years 1481-1484. 

The English translation of the "Vitas Patrum, " which was the closinglabor of Caxton's life, was printed in 1495 by Wynken de Worde with thiscolophon: "Thus endyth the moost vertuouse hystorye of the deuoute andright renowned lyues of holy faders lyuynge in deserte, worthy ofremembraunce to all wel dysposed persons which hath be_n_ translatedoute of Frenche into Englisshe by William Caxton of Westmynstre latedeed and fynysshed at the laste daye of hys lyff. "

24. HIGDEN, RANULPH. Polychronicon, translated into English by Trevisa and continued by Caxton. [Westminster]. William Caxton, [1482]. 

_Fol. 1, blank. _ _Fol. 2^a_: Prohemye. [G]Rete thankynges lawde &honoure we merytoryously ben bounde to yelde and offre vnto wryters ofhystoryes, whiche gretely haue prouffyted oure mortal lyf, that shewevnto the reders and herers by the ensamples of thynges passyd, whatthynge is to be desyred. [Fol. 4-20, alphabetical table; 21, blank;22-24, dialogue between the Clerke and the Lorde on translation, Trevisa's epistle to Lord Berkeley; 25, blank. ] _Fol. 26^a_:Prolicionycion. Prefacio prima ad historiam. [A]Fter solempne and wysewryters of Arte and of scyence.... _Fol. 389^b_: God be thanked of alhis dedes. This translacion is ended on a thursdaye the eyghtenth dayeof Apryll the yere of our lord a thousand thre hondred and . Lvij. Thexxxj yere of Kyng Edward the thyrd after the Conquest of Englond, theyere of my lordes age Syr thomas lord of berkley that made me make thistranslacion fyue and thyrtty. [390^a, Caxton's epilogue to Trevisa;390^b, blank. ] _Fol. 391^a_: Jncipit Liber vltimus. _Fol. 449^a_: Endedthe second day of Juyll the xxij yere of the regne of kynge Edward thefourth & of the Incarnacion of oure lord a thousand foure score andtweyne. Fynysshed per Caxton. _Fol. 449^b, 450, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. A-b^8, C^4, 1-28^8, [28*^2], 29-48^8, 49^4, 50^8, 52-55^8, 450 leaves, of which five (a, 1; 1, 1; 1, 5; 28*, 2; 55, 8) are blank. The folios of sign. 1, 2-55, 7 are numbered 1-ccccxxviii (blanks 1, 5 and 28*, 2 counted as iv and ccxxvi), with many errors which are mostly corrected on the following leaves, but in the case of fol. Ccxli on the verso of the same leaf. There is, however, no clx, and ccccxiii is duplicated, errors which balance each other and do not disturb the final numeration. The omission of a signature 51 is accidental, the text continuing without a break. The purpose of the unsigned single sheet following sign. 28, consisting of one printed and one blank leaf, was evidently to carry the last remaining leaf of the fourth book and thereby make possible a division of the volume at this point into two nearly equal parts. Advantage has apparently been taken of this division to bind the Grenville copy (Brit. Mus. IB. 55060) in two volumes. Wynkyn de Worde, who reprinted the Polychronicon in 1495, followed in this particular Caxton's example and in order to begin the fifth book with a new signature left at the end of the fourth book nearly a whole leaf blank, though he separated the other books by a blank space of no more than three or four lines. Caxton's use of arabic figures for signatures was confined to the years 1481-1483; after that date he used letters only. The first few chapter-headings of each book have Latin ordinals (Capitulum primum, secundum, etc. ) which are soon dropped for arabic figures. Gothic letter, Caxton's fourth font, forty lines to the page, with headline. Two- to seven-line spaces left for chapter and book initials, which are supplied in red. Chapter-headings underlined in red. Blades ii, 172. Ames-Dibdin i, 138. Seymour de Ricci p. 60. 

Seventy-two leaves, including the five blanks, are wanting in this copy, viz. : sign. A-C; 1, 1, 4, 5, 8; 2, 1, 4, 5; 3, 2; 4, 1; 27, 3; [28*, 2];44, 7; 50-55. The lacking parts comprise the first twenty leaves(Prohemye and alphabetical index), the last forty leaves (Caxton'seighth book), and twelve intermediate leaves. Of these the Proheyme issupplied in facsimile and sign. 4, 1 in manuscript. What is possibly anoriginal impression of Caxton's large device is placed at the end of thevolume. This was used by Caxton only during his last years, 1487-91, andby Wynkyn de Worde, into whose hands the original block passed, in hisfolios for thirty years longer. From one of the latter this may havebeen taken, possibly from the Polychronicon of 1495, where the otherside of the leaf it occupied was blank, as is the case here also. 

Trevisa's translation of Higden was completed, according to the bestMSS. , in 1387, not in 1357 as stated on fol. 389^b. (In 1357 the 18th ofApril fell on Tuesday, not Thursday, and Thomas Lord Berkeley was thenin the fifth, not the thirty-fifth year of his age. ) Caxton was himselfthe translator of twenty-two of the one hundred books which he printedand it was therefore not strange that Trevisa's English should have beenin his hands, as the proem states, "a lytel embelysshed fro tholdemakyng. " In what these embellishments consisted is partially explainedin the epilogue: "Therfore I William Caxton a symple persone haueendeuoyred me to wryte fyrst ouer all the sayd book of proloconycon, andsomewhat haue chaunged the rude and old Englyssh, that is to wetecertayn wordes, which in these dayes [1482] be neyther usyd neunderstanden". He went however further than this and so changed theinflections and orthography that the language is no longer of thefourteenth but rather of the fifteenth century. But in no other waycould it have been made to harmonize with his proposed continuation, concerning which he proceeds to say: "and also am auysed to make anotherbooke after this sayd werke whiche shal be sett here after the same, Andshal haue his chapytres and his table a parte. For I dar not presume tosette my book ne ioyne hit to his, for dyuerse causes". Accordingly hebegins his "Liber ultimus" with a new signature, preceded by a blankpage. His "table" nevertheless is combined with that of the precedingseven books in one alphabet. Wynkyn de Worde's edition has a moreelaborate index of ninety pages in which each of the eight books isindexed in a separate alphabet. 

Apart from the interest attaching to this "Liber ultimus" as the onlyoriginal work of any length from Caxton's pen, the Polychronicon is nextto the Golden Legend his largest book, and in the Prohemye they aregrouped together as the "twoo bookes notable" which treat of history. Ithappens also, probably because of larger editions printed, that of thesetwo books many more copies have survived than of any of his other books, about one-fourth of which are now represented only by single copies. Ofthe Polychronicon, Seymour de Ricci's "Census of Caxtons" (1909)enumerates forty known copies (very few of them entirely complete), evenly divided between public and private libraries. To this list headds, under the heading "Present owners untraced, " forty-eight copies(nos. 41-88) which appeared at sales between 1698 and 1901, some of thempossibly identical with copies already described as "known. " In thissecond division is found the present copy (no. 79), purchased by thedonor of this collection at the Smets sale, New York, May, 1868, in calfbinding, with the name of the owner "A. A. Smets, Savannah, May 28, 1836"on the fly-leaf. It was at once sent to Francis Bedford for binding, with instructions to have the "inlaying, repairing etc. Done over inthe very best manner, by the best restorer in France or England. " Boundin brown morocco, richly blind-tooled, with Tudor rose, fleur-de-lis andacorn emblems. Leaf 10-1/4 × 7-1/2 in. The Smets fly-leaf and theoriginal instructions sent to Mr. Bedford with the volume and returnedby him with an added note over his own signature, laid in. 

Other copies of the Polychronicon which have passed through Mr. Bedford's hands have been bound in the same style, among them theMenzies copy, sold New York, November, 1876, which de Ricci wronglyconjectured might be identical with the Smets. 

25. ORDINARY OF CHRISTIAN MEN. London, Wynkyn de Worde, 1506. 

_Fol. 1^a. _ TITLE: Thordinary of Crysten men [woodcut below. ] _Fol. 1^b-4^b, table of contents. _ _Fol. 5^a_ [woodcut above]: Here begynnetha notable treatyse and ful necessarye to all crysten men for to knowe &it is named the Ordynary of Crystyens or of crysten men. _Fol. 217^b_:Here endeth the book named the ordynarye of crysten men newely hystoryedand translated out of Frensshe in to Englysshe. Enprynted in the cyte ofLondon in the Fletestrete in the sygne of y^e sonne by Wnykyn de worde. Y^e yere of our lorde . M. CCCCC. Vi. _Fol. 218^a, title repeated overwoodcut. _ _Fol. 218^b_, [PRINTER'S DEVICE]

 Quarto. Sign. Aa^4, A^6, B^4, C-X, AA-NN^{8, 4 (altern. )}, OO^6, PP^{5}+{1}. 218 leaves, gothic letter, 34 lines (marginal citations 60 lines) to the page, without foliation. Title cut in large lower-case letters on block 2 × 4 in. Five- and six-line initials at the head of the larger divisions of the text. Ten woodcuts, one repeated. The final blank PP. 6 has been replaced by an independent leaf having on the one side the title repeated with woodcut, and on the other the printer's device, either of which may in the binding be made the recto. The device is the first of his so-called "Sagittarius" forms, and the one most commonly used from 1506 to 1518. Ames-Dibdin, ii, p. 103. Morgan Cat. Iii, p. 214, n. 743. 

The present copy lacks the first four leaves, containing the title andthe table of contents; but both the title and the woodcut accompanyingit are repeated elsewhere in the volume, the title on fol. 218^a, thewoodcut on fol. 87^a. 

Of the French original, _L'ordinaire des chrestiens_, at least sixeditions were printed before 1500, the earliest apparently at Rouen, c. 1487. In them it is stated that the writing was commenced 22 May, 1467and finished (_consommé_) 22 May, 1469. The corresponding dates in theprologue and epilogue of the translation are "fyrst begonne to bewryten" 14 Jan. , 1467, "fyrst consumed" 14 Jan. , 1500. The confusion, common to both the French and the English of the 15th century, in thederivatives of _consummare_ and _consumere_ relieves the translator, Andrew Chertsey, from the appearance of an over-literal translation, butthe change in the date of the completed work can hardly be in thedirection of accuracy. 

The woodcuts which appeared in the first edition of the "Ordinary"printed in 1502 are in this second edition replaced by others ofdifferent design and better execution, borrowed mainly from "The crafteto lyve well and to dye well", printed by de Worde in 1505 and like thepresent work translated by Chertsey from a French original, _L'art debien vivre et de bien mourir_. Two of these illustrations, "Temptationto Impatience" (fol. 73^b) and "Soul leaving the Body" (fol. 218^a), arecopied from the early block-book _Ars moriendi_. 

Bound by Alfred Matthews in blind-tooled crimson morocco, with insidegold borders and gilt edges. Leaf 8-1/4 × 5-3/4 in. 

Wynkyn de Worde, Caxton's assistant, was a native of Wörth, Alsace. Hecame into possession of his master's printing materials on his death in1491 and continued to occupy his house in Westminster until 1500 when hemoved to Fleet Street within the city. In the number of his books, almost eight hundred, he surpassed all the early printers, but many ofthem were works of small size and consequence. Some of his largest andfinest books were reprints of Caxton's folios. Mention has been made ofhis use of Caxton's original device without addition. In all of his ownvarious devices also, the place of honor in the center is given toCaxton's initials and cipher, plainly as a mark of loyalty to themaster, not an advertisement of himself as the successor. 

26. INTRATIONES. London, Richard Pynson, 28 Feb. 1510. 

_Fol. 1^a_, TITLE: INtrationu_m_ excellentissimus liber perq_uam_necessarius o_mn_ibus leg_is_ hominib_us_: fere in se continens o_mn_emmedullam diversa_rum_ materia_rum_ ac pl_ac_ito_rum_ tam realiu_m_, personalium, q_uam_ mixt_orum_. Necno_n_ multorum breuium tamexecutionu_m_ q_uam_ aliorum valde vtilium illis hunc librum inspecturisaut inscrutandis. Que quide_m_ supradicta facilit_er_ possunt invenirip_er_ indice_m_ alphabeticu_m_ p_er_uigila_n_ti studio co_n_fectu_m_ &p_er_ ordine_m_ l_itte_raru_m_ redactu_m_... _Fol. 1^b_, [Full pagewoodcut of the king's arms crowned, supported by a dragon and agreyhound, with a portcullis on either side and a rose and two angelsabove. ] _Fol. 2^a_: Intrationu_m_ libri Index Alphabetic_us_. _Fol. 10^b_: Finis tabule Intrationum. _Fol. 193^a_, COLOPHON: Explicit opusexcellentissimu_m_ & perutile in se continens multas materias o_mn_ibusleg_is_ ho_min_ib_us_ p_er_q_uam_ necessarias nouiter Impressum, correctum, emendatum, & no_n_ minimo labore reuisum London_i_ in vicovulgariter nu_n_cupato Fletstrete in officina ere ac impensis honestiviri Ricardi Pynson Regis Impressoris moram suam trahentis sub signodiui Georgii Anno n_ost_re redemptionis . M. CCCCC. X. Die vero vltimaMensis Februarii. _Fol. 193^b_, [PRINTER'S DEVICE. ] _Fol. 194, blank. _

 Folio. Sign. Aa^6, Bb^4, a-z, &, 9, A-E^6, F^4. 194 leaves, the last blank, 11-193 numbered i-clxxxv, but with the omission of li and liv and other irregularities. Gothic letter, 54 lines to the page, with marginal side-headings. The title, occupying seventeen lines of bold heavy-faced type, is printed in red and black and in the form of an inverted triangle. The _Index Alphabeticus_ is introduced by a ten-line initial A with a rose above and a portcullis below the middle bar, found also in the same printer's Sarum missal of 1520. The other divisions of the index have mostly four-line woodcut initials, some of grotesque pattern. Five-line space with guide-letter for the first initial of the text. Ornaments of four patterns, repeated singly or in combination, are used to lengthen out the frequent short end lines of paragraphs in order to give more solidity to the appearance of the page. Three of the same ornaments are found also on the title-page of Whitinton's _Vulgaria_, printed by W. De Worde in 1521. Ames-Dibdin ii, 441. 

In the present copy the index (sign. Aa. 2-6, Bb. 1-4) is separated fromthe title (Aa. 1) and placed at the end of the volume. Name of _JohēsConingesby_ written in a sixteenth century hand on the first page ofboth text and index. The device is the fourth of Pynson's seven devicesand was in use 1496-1513. Allusion is made in the colophon to an earlieredition, no copy of which appears to be known. The work was reprinted byHenry Smythe, London, 1546. 

Richard Pynson, a Norman by birth, established himself in London about1490, taking over, as there is good reason to believe, the business ofMachlinia, a printer of law books, for which his knowledge ofNorman-French especially fitted him. In 1508 he was made Printer to theKing and in that year also he printed two books in roman type, the firstuse of that character in England. He is known to have printed at least371 books, a much smaller number than de Worde, but as a rule larger andmore important books. He is regarded as the best English printer of histime and the _Liber Intrationum_ is one of his finest books. 

Bound in red velvet, with silk linings and gilt edges. Leaf 12-3/4 ×9-1/4 in. 

From the Syston Park library, with the book-plate and monogram of SirJohn Henry Thorold. 

27. PLUTARCHUS. Moralia Graece. Venetiis, in ædibus Aldi et Andreæ soceri, 1509. 

TITLE: PLVTARCHI OPVSCVLA. LXXXXII. Index Moralium omnium, & eorum quæin ipsis tractantur, habetur in hoc quaternione. Numerus autemArithmeticus remittit lectorem ad semipagina_m_, ubi tractantursingula. [Aldine anchor]. _P. 1050_, COLOPHON: Venetiis, in ædibus Aldi& Andreæ Asulani Soceri. Mense Martio. M. D. IX. [Blank leaf with anchoron verso. ]

 Quarto. Sign. *, a-z, &, aa-zz, aaa-sss^8, ttt^6. 8 unnumbered preliminary leaves (sign * not included in register on p. 1050) containing title, dedicatory epistle of Aldus to Jacopo Antiquario, index, four couplets of Jerome Aleander, preface of the editor Demetrius Doukas (all except title and dedication in Greek); 1050 numbered pages of Greek text, final blank leaf with anchor on verso. The type is Aldus's fourth Greek font, 46 lines to the page, five- to eight-line spaces left for initials. The _semipagina_ (the equivalent of our _page_) to which the index directs the reader, shows that _pagina_ still had its older meaning _leaf_, and incidentally that the numbering of the page instead of the leaf was an innovation. The anchor and dolphin device, the symbol of the motto _Festina lente_, which first appeared in the Dante of 1502, is here in its first form, but of the larger size suitable for folios and enclosed in double lines, on the title-page without name, but on the last leaf with the addition ALDVS. MA. RO. Although on the evidence of the chain-lines and the water-mark technically a quarto, the volume on account of its unusual size was doubtless printed like a folio on half sheets. Renouard, p. 55. Firmin-Didot, p. 317. 

Plutarch's _Moralia_ belongs to that imposing series of first editionsof the Greek classics which among all the services of Aldus Manutius tothe revival of learning are perhaps his best title to enduring fame. When he set up his press in 1495 five in all, and but one, Homer, of thefirst rank, had been printed. When he died twenty years later his firsteditions outnumbered those of all his contemporaries put together, andthe rank was even more significant than the number, for among them wereincluded Aristotle, Plato, Thucydides, Herodotus, Aristophanes, Sophocles, Euripides, Pindar and Demosthenes. The Plutarch was printedfrom MSS. Still preserved in the library of St. Mark. 

The Greek type of Aldus was a new departure, based on the cursive orbusiness handwriting of his day in distinction from the older book-handwhich had served as the model for the first Greek fonts. It gainedimmediate popularity and for more than two hundred years, eitherdirectly or through fonts based upon it, dominated the Greek printingof Europe. At length, mainly because of the ligatures and contractions, it was supplanted by type of more open and regular forms. 

In 1508 Aldus took as partner his father-in-law, Andrea Torresanod'Asola, a Venetian printer who in 1480 had taken over the business ofNicolas Jenson. The imprint which had hitherto been _apud Aldum_ or _inaedibus Aldi_ now became _in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri_. After thedeath of Aldus in 1515 the press was conducted without change of name bythe surviving partner until his own death in 1529. 

Thick paper copy. Leaf 10-3/4 × 7 in. On p. 1050 is written _CollegiiSocietatis Jesu Embricae 1605_. 

From the library of Sir J. H. Thorold of Syston Park, with book-plate. Bound by R. Storr, Grantham, in red morocco, gilt edges, with anchor onsides. The "Dictionary of English Book-collectors, " pt. 2, callsattention to the Aldine anchor (made more realistic by an end of ropecable twisted about it) stamped by the Grantham bookbinders Messrs. Storr & Ridge upon many of the Thorold books, "not only those bound bythemselves, but also those bound by far better men. " Examples of bothkinds are found in the present collection. 

As an illustration of the first Greek type of Aldus there is joined tothis collection a finely executed manuscript facsimile on vellum of his_Musaeus_ of 1495, his second book (preceded by the Grammar ofLascaris), but the first in which the font appeared in its completedstate. From the Syston Park library. Bound by Bozérian Jeune, in bluemorocco extra. 

28. SCRIPTORES REI RUSTICAE. Venetiis, in ædibus Aldi et Andreae soceri, 1514. 

TITLE: LIBRI DE RE RVSTICA. M. CATONIS LIB. I. M. TERENTII VARRONIS LIB. III. L. IVNII MODERATI COLVMELLAE LIB. XII. Eiusdem de arboribus liberseparatus ab alijs, quare autem id factum fuerit: ostenditur inepistola ad lectorem. PALLADII LIB. XIIII. De duobus dierum generibus:simulq_ue_ de umbris, et horis, quæ apud Palladium, in alia epistola adlectorem. Georgij Alexandrini enarrationes priscarum dictionum, quæ inhis libris Catonis: Varronis: Columellæ. [Aldine anchor]. Hos librosPontificis etiam Leonis decreto, nequis alius usquam locorum impuneimprimat, cautum est. _Fol. 308^a_: COLOPHON: VENETIIS IN AEDIBVS ALDIET ANDREAE SOCERI MENSE MAIO M. D. XIIII. [Aldine anchor on verso]. 

 Quarto. Sign. *, aa, bb^8, cc^{10}, a-h^8, i^4, k-z, A-Q^8. 8 unnumbered preliminary leaves containing title, privilege of Leo X. Countersigned by P. Bembo, papal secretary, preface of the editor, Fra Giocondo, addressed to Leo X. , _Aldus lectori_ (two epistles, the first relating to the position of the _De arboribus_ of Columella, an independent treatise, in previous editions inserted in his _De re rustica_ as liber lii, but here correctly placed after that work, the second, to the hours of Palladius, varying in length with the seasons, and the use of the gnomon in determining them), _errata_; 26 unnumbered leaves (preceded by a second title with anchor and mention of the privileges of Alexander VI. , Julius II. And Leo. X. ) containing explanations of unfamiliar words and table of contents, last leaf blank; 308 numbered leaves of text, Sign. * is not included in the register on fol. 308^a and being followed by a second title-page its absence, if accidentally omitted, might pass unnoticed. Italic letter, 39 lines to the page, six- to seven-line spaces with guide-letters left for the initials of the thirty books, which in the present copy are supplied in gold and colors. Numerous paragraph-marks in alternate red and blue. Ruled in red. Renouard, p. 66. Firmin-Didot, p. 370. 

The italic type of Aldus, a cursive or semi-cursive roman, thecounterpart of his cursive Greek, was modeled as he himself informs uson the handwriting of Petrarch _a lettra per lettra_. It first appearedin the Vergil of 1501, the first of his octavo series of classics andonly three months later, as was but just, in _Le cose volgari_ ofPetrarch. It had at the outset, corresponding to the Greek ligatures, many double letters and even groups of three cast on the same body, which were for the most part eliminated later by Paulus Manutius. Originally it consisted only of lower-case letters and borrowed thecapitals of the roman font, using for economy of space small capitalswhich DeVinne points out as the useful invention of Aldus. Aldus wassensible of the deficiency and the last clause of his will was a requestto his partner, Andrea, to have suitable capitals made by the celebratedengraver, Giulio Campagnola. It was, however, not until 1558 that theywere finally supplied by Paulus, in connection with a new italic font. What has now ceased to be anything more than a useful auxiliary type wasby Aldus employed as a text type, a chief recommendation being that itwas more condensed than the roman and enabled him to greatly reduce theprice of his books by making an octavo do the work of a quarto or folio. In 1501 he printed six, and in 1502 eleven octavos, whereas all hisearlier books, with one unimportant exception, had been of the largerforms. 

In 1496 the Venetian Senate granted to Aldus protection for his Greektype and the books printed with it for the period of twenty years, andin 1502 a like privilege covering both his italic and Greek type for tenyears. A similar grant made by Alexander VI. In 1502 was renewed byJulius II. In January, 1513, for fifteen years and confirmed by hissuccessor, Leo X. , in December of the same year. 

From the library of Robert Samuel Turner, sold in 1888. 

Bound in red morocco extra, with gold tooling in the Grolier style, edges gilt over red. Leaf 8-1/2 × 5-1/4 in. Book-stamp on verso of lastleaf: "Ex libris J. B. P. H. Caqué, D. M. Rem. 1775". 

29. CICERO, MARCUS TULLIUS. Rhetorica. Venetiis, in ædibus Aldi et Andreae soceri, 1521. 

TITLE: IN HOC VOLVMINE HAEC CONTINENTVR. Rhetoricorum ad C. Herenniumlib. IIII. M. T. Ciceronis de inuentione lib. II. Eiusdem de oratore adQuintum fratrem lib. III. Eiusdem de claris oratoribus, q_ui_ diciturBrutus lib. I. Eiusdem Orator ad Brutum lib. I. Eiusdem Topica adTrebatium lib. I. Eiusdem oratoriæ partitiones lib. I. Eiusdem de optimogenere oratorum præfatio quædam. Index rerum notabilium, quæ toto operecontinentur, per ordinem alphabeti. [Aldine anchor] Hos libros etiamPontificum Alexandri, Iulij, ac Leonis demum decretis, neq_u_is aliususquam locorum impune imprimat, cautum est. _Fol. 245^a_, COLOPHON:VENETIIS IN AEDIBVS ALDI, ET ANDREAE SOCERI MENSE OCTOBRI M. D. XXI. [Blank leaf with anchor on verso]. 

 Quarto. Sign. *, **, a-k^8, l^4, m-z, A-G^8, H^{10}. 16 unnumbered preliminary leaves, containing preface by Aldus addressed to Andrea Navagero and alphabetical index (the blank last leaf wanting in this copy); 245 numbered leaves of text and final blank leaf with anchor. Sign. * and ** have eight leaves each, not ten as stated in the register on p. 245. Italic letter, 39 lines to the page, three- to seven-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. The anchor is of the second, somewhat ungraceful, pattern in use 1519-1524, after which there was for some years a return to the first form. Renouard, p. 93. 

Reprinted, with only the addition of the index, from the 1514 edition ofAldus. In the preface is found the often quoted inscription placed overthe door of Aldus to discourage the idle visitor: _Quisquis es: rogat teAldus etiam: atque etiam: ut, si quid est, quod a se velis: perpaucisagas_, etc. The edition of 1533, with the imprint _in ædibus haeredumAldi Manutii Romani & Andreae Asulani Soceri_ and a short preface byPaulus Manutius (it was his first book as director of the press) is alsoessentially unchanged, but his edition of 1546, in octavo, wasthoroughly revised in text and accompanied by a folio volume of variorumcommentaries. 

Bound by Roger Payne, in blue morocco, gilt edges, with cipher of SirMark Masterman Sykes on back, at whose sale in 1824 it brought£1. 11s. 6d. The Syston Park copy with book-plate, and monogram of SirJohn Hayford Thorold. Leaf 8-1/2 × 5-1/4 in. 

30. CELSUS, AURELIUS CORNELIUS. De medicina. SERENUS, QUINTUS. De medicina. Venetiis, in ædibus Aldi et Andreæ soceri, 1528. 

TITLE: IN HOC VOLVMINE HAEC CONTINENTVR. AVRELII CORNELII CELSIMEDICINAE LIBRI . VIII. QVAM EMENDATISSIMI, GRAECIS ETIAM OMNIBVSDICTIONIBVS RESTITVTIS. QVINTI SERENI LIBER DE MEDICINA ET IPSECASTIGATISS. ACCEDIT INDEX IN CELSVM ET SERENVM SANE QVAM COPIOSVS. [Aldine anchor] Venetorum decreto, ne quis aliquo in loco Venetæditionis hos libros imprimat, impressosue alibi uendat, cautum est. _Fol. 1^a_: AVRELII CORNELII CELSI ARTIVM LIBER SEXTVS, IDEM MEDICINAELIBER PRIMVS. _Fol. 164^a_: COLOPHON: VENETIIS IN AEDIBVS ALDI, ETANDREAE ASVLANI SOCERI MENSE MARTIO. M. D. XXVIII. [Aldine anchor onverso]. 

 Quarto. 8 preliminary unnumbered leaves containing title, dedicatory epistle of the editor, Giovanni Baptista Egnazio, to Cardinal Hercules Gonzaga and index; 164 numbered leaves of text (fol. 148 blank). Italic letter, three- to seven-line spaces with guide-letter left for initials. Renouard, p. 105. 

The _De Medicina_ of Celsus is the second and only surviving part of hisEncyclopædia entitled _Artes_, in five divisions. The first division, _De Agricultura_, consisted of five books, so that the sixth book of_Artes_ was at the same time the first of _De Medicina_. 

The Syston Park copy, uncut. Bound by Roger Payne in red morocco. Leaf9 × 5-1/2 in. 

31. CICERO, MARCUS TULLIUS. Epistolæ ad Atticum, ad M. Brutum, ad Quintum fratrem. Venetiis, apud Aldi filios, 1540. 

TITLE: M. TVLLII CICERONIS EPISTOLAE ad Atticum, ad M. Brutum, adQuintu_m_ fratrem, summa diligentia castigatæ, ut in ijs menda, quæplurima erant, paucissima jam supersint. PAVLI MANVTII IN EASDEMEPISTOLAS Scholia, quibus abditi locorum sensus ostenduntur, cumexplicatione castigationum, quæ in his epistolis pene innumerabilisfactæ sunt. [Aldine anchor] PAVLVS MANVTIVS ALDI F. VENETIIS, M. D. XL. _Fol. 344^a_, COLOPHON: APVD ALDI FILIOS. VENETIIS, M. D. XL. MENSEAVGVSTO. [Aldine anchor on verso]

 Octavo. 2 preliminary leaves containing title and dedication by Paulus Manutius to Guillaume Pellicier, Bishop of Montpellier, 331 numbered leaves of text, 10 unnumbered leaves of translations of the Greek passages, conjectural emendations which the editor "would not hesitate to adopt it he should ever find an ancient MS. To confirm them" and a final leaf with colophon and anchor. The Scholia, 24 unnumbered leaves, have a separate title, with notice of copyright granted by Paul III. (the fourth pope to grant this privilege) and the Venetian senate; colophon and anchor repeated on last leaf. Italic letter, 30 lines to the page, five-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. Renouard, p. 120. 

Except for the interval 1533-6 the press was inactive from 1529 to 1540, on account of dissensions between the heirs of Andrea and Aldus. Thepartnership having been dissolved the press was reopened in 1540 by thesons of Aldus (_apud Aldi filios_) under the direction of the youngest, Paulus Manutius (1512-74), who restored and added to its lustre. OfCicero, his favorite author, he revised the entire text and printedrepeated editions of some of the works: e. G. Of the _Epistolae adAtticum, ad M. Brutum, ad Quintum fratrem_ not less than ten, of whichthis is the first. The brief scholia he expanded later into full andvaluable commentaries, on the Letters to Atticus in 1547, on the Lettersto Brutus and Quintus in 1557. 

It was Petrarch who in 1345 discovered in a Verona MS. The long lostLetters to Atticus, Brutus and Quintus and copied them with his ownhand. Both the MS. And Petrarch's copy are lost. But of the MS. Anothertranscript, procured by Petrarch's friend Salutati in 1389, is preservedin the Laurentian Library, and of the Petrarch copy we have here areplica in the type which Aldus characterized as _manum mentiens_. 

From the Syston Park library, with book-plate. Bound by Roger Payne, inblue morocco, gilt edges. Leaf 6-1/2 × 4 in. 

32. CICERO, MARCUS TULLIUS. Orationes. Venetiis, apud Aldi filios, 1546. 

TITLE: M. TVLLII CICERONIS ORATIONVM PARS I. [Aldine anchor] CORRIGENTEPAVLO MANVTIO, ALDI FILIO. VENETIIS, M. D. XLVI. _Fol. 308^a_, COLOPHON:VENETIIS, APVD ALDI FILIOS, M. D. XXXXVI. 

 Octavo. 4 unnumbered preliminary leaves, containing title and preface of Paulus Manutius addressed to Cardinal Benedetto Accolto, 303 numbered leaves of text and a final leaf with register and colophon on the recto and anchor on the verso. Italic letter, 30 lines to the page, five-line spaces with guide-letters left for initials. Renouard, p. 136. 

The second edition of the Orations printed by Paulus, vol. I only (II, III wanting), on large paper. Renouard (who knew of no complete copy ofthe three volumes l. P. ) remarks, p. 141, on the too elongated form ofmost of the Aldine large paper octavos, in which all the increased spaceis at the bottom. In the present copy it is divided between the bottomand the outer margin, the inner margin and the top having no increase ofwidth--an arrangement well adapted for marginal annotations and perhapsdesigned for that use. An early owner of this copy has in fact added tothe printed title (_Orationum Pars I_) with a pen the word _Commentata_, but proceeded no further with his plan than simply to underscore anumber of words on the first three pages, leaving the margins untouched. 

The most important of the commentaries of Paulus was that on theOrations, completed not long before his death and printed by his sonAldus in 1578-9 in three folio volumes. 

From the Syston Park library, with book-plate and the monogram of SirJ. H. Thorold. Bound in red morocco, gilt edges, with Aldine anchor ingold on sides. Leaf 8 × 5-1/4 in. 

33. PTOLEMAEUS, CLAUDIUS. Planisphærium. JORDANUS NEMORANUS. Planisphærium. Venetiis, [apud Paulum Manutium], 1558. 

TITLE: PTOLEMAEI PLANISPHAERIVM. IORDANI PLANISPHAERIVM. FEDERICICOMMANDINI VRBINATIS IN PTOLEMAEI PLANISPHAERIVM COMMENTARIVS. In quouniuersa Scenographices ratio quam breuissime traditur, acdemonstrationibus confirmatur. [Aldine anchor] VENETIIS, M. D. LVIII. 

 Quarto (not octavo, as described by Renouard). _Part 1. _ 4 unnumbered preliminary leaves containing title and dedicatory preface of Commandino to Cardinal Rainuccio Farnese, 37 numbered leaves of text (1-25 Ptolemy, 26-37 Jordanus), final blank leaf with anchor on verso. _Part 2. _ 28 numbered leaves of commentary, with separate title, anchor both on title and on verso of last leaf. Text in roman, 25 lines to the page; commentary in italic, 34 lines to the page. Many woodcut diagrams. Both text and commentary are introduced by a seven-line woodcut initial belonging to a mythological series found in other books of Paulus of this period, C picturing Calypso bidding adieu to Ulysses, I, Juno seated on a car drawn by peacocks. The original italic font of Aldus, the so-called _Aldino_ type, which appears to have passed into the possession of the Torresani relatives at about this date, is here replaced by a new font having a perceptibly larger face, though only a slightly larger body (20 lines of the new equalling 21 of the old) and consequently showing less white between the lines. Renouard, p. 173. 

In 1554 the subscription assumed the new form _apud Paulum Manutium AldiF. _, showing that Paulus had acquired his brothers' rights in the press. At the same time he returned to the earlier and simpler form of theanchor with the name _Aldus_, instead of the _Aldi filii_ and theornamental border in use since 1546. Sometimes, as in the presentvolume, the subscription is omitted altogether and the anchor with thename Aldus alone used. Here moreover the place and date appear only onthe title-page and the colophon is dropped as no longer useful. 

The original Greek text of Ptolemy's Planisphere is lost. To the presentLatin translation, made by an unknown hand from the Arabic, is appended(fol. 25) this subscription: _Facta est translatio haec Tolosae Cal. Iunii Anno Domini MCXLIIII_. The revival of the study of the Greekmathematicians in the sixteenth century was largely due to the admirabletranslations and commentaries of Federigo Commandino of Urbino(1509-75). This edition of Ptolemy's Planisphere still remains the best. In the same year Paulus printed _Archimedis Opera nonnulla a FedericoCommandino Vrbinate nuper in latinum conversa et commentariisillustrata_. 

Uncut copy, bound in blue morocco, with vellum fly-leaves. Leaf 8-3/4 ×6-1/2 in. From the Syston Park library with book-plate and monogram ofSir John Hayford Thorold. 

34. LIVIUS, TITUS. Historiarum ab urbe condita libri. Venetiis, in ædibus Manutianis, 1572. 

TITLE: T. LIVII PATAVINI, Historiarum ab urbe condita, LIBRI. QVI. EXSTANT XXXV CVM. VNIVERSAE. HISTORIAE. EPITOMIS Caroli Sigonij Scholia, quibus ijdem libri, atque epitomae partim emendantur, partim etiamexplanantur, Ab Auctore multis in partibus aucta. [Printer's device]VENETIIS ∞ DLXXII. In Aedibus Manutianis. 

 Folio. Part 1. 48 unnumbered preliminary leaves containing title, preface of Sigonius, _Veterum scriptorum de T. Liuio testimonia ab Aldo Manutio Paulli F. Aldi N. Collecta, Libri primi epitome, Rerum et vocum apud T. Liuium index copiosissimus_; 399 numbered leaves of text (blank last leaf wanting). Part 2. _Caroli Sigonii Scholia_, with separate title and device, 109 numbered leaves and blank end leaf. Part 3. _Caroli Sigonii Livianorum Scholiorum aliquot Defensiones adversus Glareanum et Robortellum_, with separate title and device, 52 numbered pages. Roman character, except _epitomae_ i-xlv and _index_ which are in the italic type of the Ptolemy commentary, and the preface which is a large and unusual italic, first found in a notice prefixed to the _Medici antiqui_ of 1547, once as a text type in 1550, afterwards only in an occasional preface or title-page. Like the smaller italic of Paulus it is provided with capitals. The large woodcut initials of the several books belong to the mythological series found in the Ptolemy but are here much worn. Renouard, p. 215. 

Editions of Livy with the Scholia of Sigonius were issued from theAldine press in 1555, 1566, 1572 and 1592. This third edition isdistinguished from those which preceded it by some additions to theScholia and an appendix in which the editor defends his views on thechronology of Livy against the attacks of two opponents. Buttypographically it is inferior to the second edition as the second wasinferior to the first, which alone was printed under the activesupervision of Paulus. In 1561 he went to Rome to undertake thedirection of a press which Pius IV. Was about to establish and diedthere in 1574, having made only one brief visit to Venice in theintervening thirteen years. In his absence the Venice press, when notinactive or leased, was mainly in the charge of his son, the youngerAldus (1547-97), who in spite of the promise of his early years failedboth as a scholar and as a printer to sustain the reputation of hisfather and grandfather. To the present edition Aldus contributed the_Veterum scriptorum de T. Liuio testimonia_, and he is alsounquestionably responsible for the large and strange device whichreplaces the simple anchor for which his father had shown so marked apreference. It consists of the arms granted to Paulus in 1571 by theEmperor Maximilian II. (in which the Aldine anchor occupies asubordinate place) surrounded by a border of heavy ornament with theaddition: _Ex privilegio Maximiliani II. Imp. Caes. Aug. _ When hisfather's death had made him the head of the press he continued for someyears to employ the same device. For the Livy of 1592, much inferior tothe present edition, and of interest only as showing the decline intowhich the Aldine press, and the Italian presses in general, had fallenat the end of the sixteenth century, he was only indirectly responsible. He left Venice in 1585 and spent the last years of his life at Rome, asprofessor of belles-lettres and joint director of the Vatican press. 

35. BIBLIA LATINA. Parisiis, Yolande Bonhomme, vidua Thielmanni Kerver, August 14, 1549. 

TITLE: Biblia sacra, integru_m_ vtriusq_ue_ testame_n_ti corpusco_m_plecte_n_s, dilige_n_ter recognita et eme_n_data. Cu_m_concorda_n_tijs simul et argume_n_tis: cu_m_q_ue_ iuris canoni_c_iallegationib_us_ passim adnotatis. Insup_er_ i_n_ calce eiusde_m_ annexesu_n_t no_m_i_nu_m Hebraico_rum_, Chaldeo_rum_, atq_ue_ Greco_rum_interp_re_tatio_n_es. Huic editio_n_i adiect_us_ e_st_ Index re_rum_ etsente_n_tia_rum_ vetr_is_ _et_ noui testame_nti_. [Printer's device(shield bearing the initials T. K. Suspended from a tree and supported bytwo unicorns, with name THIELMAN. KERVER. At foot), both the title andthe device framed in a woodcut border]. _Fol. 562^a_, COLOPHON:Parisijs, ex officina libraria yola_n_de bonhomme, Uidue spectabilisviri Thielmanni Keruer, sub signo vnicornis in vico sancti Jacobi vbi etvenundatur. Absolutum Anno domini Millesimo quingentesimo quadragesimonono Decimo nono Calendas Septembris. [Printer's device on verso]. 

 Octavo. Sign. A^8, B^4, a-z, aa-zz, A-Y^8, Z^6, aaa-eee^8. 602 leaves, comprising 12 preliminary unnumbered leaves containing title, _Ad divinarum literarum verarumque divitiarum amatores exhortatio, Librorum ordo, Biblie summarium_. Gabriel Bruno's _Tabula alphabetica historiarum_; fol. I-cccccxx, text; 30 unnumbered leaves _Index rerum et sententiarum_; 40 unnumbered leaves _Interpretationes nominum Hebraicorum_, etc. Very small gothic letter, double columns, 58 lines to the column. Six- to eight-line woodcut initials of the several books, the unicorns of Kerver's device appearing in that of Gen. I. Le Long-Masch iii, 2, 149. 

The octavo Latin Bibles of the Kerver press, fifteen editions of whichappeared between 1508 and 1560, were closely patterned after Froben'sedition, Basel, 1591 (the first Bible printed in octavo form), both asregards the text, based on the "Fontibus ex Græcis" editions, 1478 ff. , and the introductory and supplementary matter of various originaccompanying it. The earliest of these supplements, _Interpretationesnominum Hebraicorum_, an etymological index of Hebrew proper names, appeared first in the Bible of Sweynheym and Pannartz, Rome, 1471, andwas reprinted without change in most of the editions previous to 1515. In the Complutensian Polyglot it underwent revision and the revised formappears in all the editions of Yolande Bonhomme, with dueacknowledgment to Cardinal Ximenes. The _Index rerum et sententiarum_, however, announced in the title as a new addition to this edition (as ithad been also announced in the edition of 1546, not mentioned by Maschand Copinger, of which this is an exact duplicate) was borrowed from theBible of Robert Stephens, Paris, 1534, without acknowledgment, perhapsin order the better to escape the suspicion of heresy attached to hiswork. In Copinger's chronological table of the printed editions of theLatin Bible during the 15th and 16th centuries (_Incunabula Biblica_, p. 207) this is no. 339, total number 562. 

The Kerver press was less celebrated for its Bibles than for liturgicalworks, and for the books of private devotion (_Horae, Heures_) of whichBrunet (_Manuel_, v, col. 1614-27) enumerates no less than fifty-six, printed by Thielmann, his widow, or his sons, between 1497 and 1571. Thewood-engravings with which they were illustrated were repeated in thesuccessive editions and occasionally also in the Bibles. Two of theseborrowed cuts are found in the present edition, facing the Old and theNew Testament. The first represents the Expulsion from the Garden, butthe verse printed underneath (Gen. Ii. 7) calls for the Creation ofAdam, which in Yolande's editions of 1526 and 1534 is actually present, while here another engraving has been substituted, but the verse leftstanding. Facing the New Testament, under the heading _Jesu Christisecundum carnem genealogia_, is a genealogical tree springing from "theroot of Jesse. "

Following the usual alphabetical order of the signatures (A-Z, aaa-eee), the _Index rerum et sententiarum_ (sign. U-Z) is here placed before the_Interpretationes_ (sign. Aaa-eee). This is contrary to the direction ofthe _Collectio codicum_ found on the last leaf of the _Index_ (Z6), where the order prescribed is A-T, aaa-eee, U-Z, which is furthersupported by the colophon and printer's device on Z6. The _Index_ as thelatest supplement was meant to stand at the end of the volume. 

Bound in oak boards covered with stamped leather, brass corners andbosses, gilt gauffred edges. Around the central boss of the back coveris stamped the date A. D. 1571, and on the front cover, in correspondingposition and order, the initials F E P L P F. 

From the Osterley Park sale, May, 1885, with the book-plate of VictorAlbert George Child Villiers, Earl of Jersey. Leaf 6-1/2 × 4-1/2 in. 

36. PHILO JUDÆUS. De divinis decem oraculis. Lutetiæ, apud CarolumStephanum, 1554. 

TITLE: Philonis Iudæi DE DIVINIS DECEM oraculis, quæ summa sunt legumcapita Liber, Iohanne Væuræo interprete. [Printer's device] LVTETIAE, Apud Carolum Stephanum, Typographum Regium. M. D. LIIII. 

 Octavo. 72 numbered pages, followed by one leaf _Ad lectorem_ and one blank. Pp. 3-6, dedication by the translator to Charles de Guise, Cardinal de Lorraine, Archbishop of Reims, to whom was also dedicated the first edition of the works of Philo in Greek, printed by Turnebus, Paris 1552. Printed on vellum. On p. 7 a beautiful seven-line engraved initial R. The device is that chosen by the printer's brother Robert, the olive tree and the motto _Noli altum sapere_, without the addition _sed time_. 

Renouard, _Annales de l'impr. Des Estienne_, 2^e éd. , p. 106; adds tohis description of the volume the following note: "Dédié au cardinal deLorraine, pour lequel il en fut tiré sur vélin un exemplaire que depuisl'on a vu relié en maroq. Jaune ancien, avec une tête en or sur lacouverture. Il a passé dans une Bibliothèque inconnue. " The present copyanswers completely to this description and is without doubt thededication copy in question. The binding (17th cent. ) is yellow morocco, browned by age, gilt edges, with a medallion head in gold embossed onthe back cover. Within are written names of former owners; on the titlepage _N. Tetel_, _1644 datum Remis_ and _Claude Henry Corrard_; on thecover linings _ex Libris Claudii Tetel ad Mussey_(?); _Ce livreappartient à m^{lle} Jean Collot_. 

By an oversight Renouard omitted this volume from his list (p. 271) of"Editions Stéphaniennes dont on connoit un on plusieurs exemplairesimprimés sur vélin. " It increases the number to twenty-three, seventeenof them printed by the first Henri and only six by his descendants. 

Charles Estienne (1504?-1564), a member of a second remarkable family ofscholar-printers of the sixteenth century, whose history forms sointeresting a parallel to that of Aldus and his descendants, though hedoes not rank with his brother Robert, or Robert's son the second Henry, certainly brought no discredit on the family name. He was educated as aphysician, but when Robert withdrew to Geneva to escape the persecutionsof the Sorbonne, he took charge of the Paris press and conducted it withability from 1551 to 1561, printing one hundred volumes and receivingthe appointment of king's printer. Aside from this attractive volume novellum copy of his books is known. 

From the Wodhull sale, with the Wodhull arms stamped in gold on thefront cover. Mem. Within: "Payne's sale. £3 3s. M. Wodhull, Apr. 14^{th}1792. Collat & complet. " On the last blank leaf is entered the date"Oct. 17^{th} 1808, " a record possibly of a later "visitation. " Similardates, some years later than the date of purchase are found on the endleaves of other Wodhull books. Leaf 7 × 4-1/2 in. 

Transcriber's Note:

The following inconsistencies found in the text have been retained:

head-line / headlineHomiliæ / Homiliae (in referring to the same book)De Vinne / DeVinneProhemye / Proheyme