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tunneling

by charles prelini

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Originally published in 1905. This volume from the Cornell University Library's print collections was scanned on an APT BookScan and converted to JPG 2000 format by Kirtas Technologies. All titles scanned cover to cover and pages may include marks notations and other marginalia present in the original volume.

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...GE', the center of the roof arc bDb' must be located on the axis HD] the total number of centers must be an odd number; the Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 FIGS. 8 to 10. Typical Sectional Profiles for Tunnel. radii of the succeeding arcs from G toward D and E toward D must decrease in length, and finally the sum of the angles subtended by the several arcs must equal 180. Dimensions of Section. The dimensions to be given to the cross-section of a tunnel depend upon the purpose for which it is to be used. Whatever the purpose of the tunnel, the follow- ing three points have to be considered in determining the size of its cross-section: (1) The size of clear opening required; (2) the thickness of lining masonry necessary; and (3) the decrease in the clear opening from the deformation of the lining. Railway tunnels may be built either to accommodate one or two, three and four tracks. In single-track tunnels a clear space of at least 2J ft. On each side should be allowed for between the tunnel wall...

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